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2007

C e n t r e f o r S o c i a l D e v e l o p m e n t i n A f r i c a



Vision and goals 2Advisory Board 2Director’s overview: 2007 3CSDA staff 4Research projects 5

Research focus area 1: Urban Poverty and Livelihoods 5Research focus area 2: Civic Engagement, Service and Volunteering 5Research focus area 3: The Transformation of the Welfare Sector 7Research focus area 4: Social Work Education in Southern Africa 8Research focus area 5: Black Economic Empowerment and Community Empowerment 8Research focus area 6: Gender and Social Security 9

Research focus area 7: Focus on Children 9Other projects and activities 10

The Social Work Practitioner- Researcher 10Commissioned Policy Development: South African Local Government Association (SALGA) 10Pierre Joubert Fund 10ASASWEI Conference Organised 10Helen Joseph Memorial Lecture 11Writing Group 11International and Local Exchange/Collaboration Agreements 11Postgraduate Supervision 11Website 11

CSDA’s research partners 12Funding and finances 12Publications and conference presentations 13

Contact detailsCentre for Social Development in Africa | University of Johannesburg | P.O. Box 524, Auckland Park | Johannesburg, 2006 | South AfricaD-Ring seventh floor | Kingsway Campus | Kingsway | Auckland Park, JohannesburgPhone: + 27 11 559 2804 | Fax: +27 11 559 2800 | Email: [email protected] | www.uj.ac.za/csda

AcknowledgementsThis annual report was compiled by Tessa Hochfeld. The director and staff of the Centre for Social Development in Africa provided the contents. Layout design was done by the UJ Graphic Studio. This report was printed by PrintRight.

Images used in this report are from the various projects of the CSDA. Photographs taken during the fieldwork for the Johannesburg Livelihoods Study inthe City of Johannesburg were taken by Pers Herbertsson and Marcel Korth. Other images of Johannesburg are from the website of the City of Johannesburg.

Acknowledgements of sponsorsWe have received support for various projects from: University Research Committee and the Faculty of Humanities Research Committee of the University of JohannesburgCity of JohannesburgDevelopment Bank of Southern AfricaInternational Association of Schools of Social WorkThe German Academic Exchange Service (DAAD) via Erfurt University of Applied Sciences

CSDA Staff

Director: Prof Leila PatelResearchers: Tessa Hochfeld and Chris ForresterJunior researcher: Lisa SelipskyStudent assistant: Albert Sentime

Contents



Vision

The CSDA is dedicated to basic, applied and strategic research in socialdevelopment and developmental social welfare. The CSDA strives to be aleading research and social development site in Africa.

The CSDA’s research agenda connects with the needs of local communities/ organisations and the larger society in a changing regional and globalcontext. It aims to contribute to improvements in service delivery, policydebate and in the expansion of knowledge through cutting edge disciplinaryand interdisciplinary research.

The CSDA’s activities and products are consistent with the vision and missionof the University of Johannesburg and with higher education’s broadermission.

Goals

The goals of the Centre are to:

1. Produce quality, innovative and relevant research engaged with pressingsocial welfare and human development needs and concerns.

2. Integrate research, teaching and community outreach.3. Optimize research opportunities in nationally and regionally identified

thematic areas.4. Build research capacity and leadership in social welfare and development.5. Promote dialogue between different actors involved with furthering

social development through hosting seminars, think tanks and ‘actiontanks’.

6. Conduct research in collaboration with a range of research partnersincluding post graduate students.

7. Build strategic local, national, regional and international researchpartnerships and academic staff and student exchange programmes.

Advisory Board

The CSDA has an Advisory Board which oversees the activities of the CSDA,advises the CSDA on projects and research directions, and which makeskey policy decisions. The Board meets annually but is consulted on an adhoc basis throughout the year as required.

The Advisory Board Members are:

• Ms Carol Bews, Treasurer, Johannesburg Child Welfare Society• Prof Thea De Wet, Chairperson, Department of Anthropology &

Development Studies, University of Johannesburg• Dr Zaid Kimmie, Senior Statistician, Logistics & Quantitative MethodsCSIR, Built Environment

• Ms Sibongile Mkhabela, CEO, Nelson Mandela Children’s Fund• Prof Maropeng Modiba, Senior Lecturer, Faculty of Education, University

of Johannesburg• Dr Shireen Motala, Director, Education Policy Unit, University of

the Witwatersrand• Cnr Prema Naidoo, Councillor Portfolio: Environment, City of

Johannesburg Executive• Prof Marius Olivier, Director, Centre for International & Comparative

Labour & Social Security Law, University of Johannesburg• Ms Helene Perold, Executive Director, VOSESA• Prof Rory Ryan, Dean, Faculty of Humanities, University of Johannesburg• Dr Jean Triegaardt, Policy Analyst, Development Bank of Southern

Africa- Policy Unit • Ms Hanlie Van Dyk-Robertson, CEO, African Management Development

Institutes Network (ADMIN) and Policy and Special Advisor to theMinister of Public Service and Administration

Vision and goals

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CSDA’s partnership modelThe Centre for Social Development in Africa (CSDA) has devised a uniquepartnership model to promote research in social development. The researchteam carefully selects strategic, high impact areas of research in order tomeaningfully contribute to social development knowledge, theory, practiceand policy locally, regionally and internationally. The research is stronglypartnership driven; using a system of collaboration that marries the Centre’sresearch knowledge and expertise with the partners’ local and field-basedknowledge to ensure that research outcomes can be appropriately applied.Almost all the projects have been structured to involve both regional andinternational partners. In this way, knowledge and experience, human andfinancial resources and networks are shared between the partners.

In view of the standing and stature of some of the partners, new doors havebeen opened for further research, publication opportunities and publicinfluence. This collaborative approach to research is proving to be a successfuland innovative way in conducting research that promotes social engagement and connects with the needs of local communities, organisations and nationalpriorities. This model may provide useful pointers for researchers and researchcentres in building research capacity, research networks and in boostingresearch output.

Key Achievements• The Centre for Social Development in Africa received a major boost in

2007 when a full time Director was appointed for a three-year periodproviding dedicated capacity to grow the CSDA. The groundwork wasalso completed to establish the CSDA as an autonomous research entitylocated in the Faculty of Humanities at the University of Johannesburg.The CSDA will however retain strong ties with the Department of SocialWork at the University through contributing to postgraduate supervision,research collaboration and staff and student exchange among others.

• The CSDA is beginning to establish a reputation for conducting excellent research with a social change agenda. The Centre’s seven researchprojects aim to contribute to improvements in service delivery, policy

debate as well as in the expansion of knowledge through cutting-edgedisciplinary and interdisciplinary research.

• The project with the greatest impact in the past year was our collaborativestudy with the Center for Social Development at Washington University,St Louis, and VOSESA, a Johannesburg based NGO. The study findingswere widely disseminated locally and internationally and have set afirm agenda for further research on civic engagement. A special issuewas produced jointly by two accredited journals, a substantial researchreport was published on the worldwide web and four conferencepresentations were made including the organisation of an internationalworkshop in Johannesburg funded by the Charles Stewart Mott Foundation.

• The field work for our urban poverty, households and livelihoods studywas completed in 2007 and in the coming year we will focus on

publishing the research and using our data base to develop newunderstandings about how poor people survive in rapidly changing urbanenvironments. Further data analyses will focus on child support grants,vulnerable children and households, youth and women headed households.These analyses should provide valuable insights to develop differentiatedstrategies to address the needs of the bottom 25% of the most deprivedwards in Johannesburg.

• The field work for the Transformation of the Welfare Sector study andthe research report was completed. Presentations were made at conferences and to our partner organisation, NACOSS. Research of thiskind has not been conducted to assess progress in social welfare servicesbefore this. The study is timely as government is looking to expandingwelfare services as part of a set of national priorities in 2008. However,if such expansion of services leads to entrenching a remedial welfaremodel, government will not be able to meet the growing needs anddemands for services.

• Other projects: The field work for social work education in SADC willbe launched in 2008. A research report on Broad Based Black EconomicEmpowerment is in the final stages. In addition, a research proposalhas been presented to funders to commence work on Gender and SocialSecurity in the coming year. A funding proposal for a dialogue with keypartners to design a research study to support innovation anddevelopmental interventions in relation to children has been completed.

Looking aheadIn 2008 we hope to consolidate our current projects and refine our researchfocus areas. We will also work hard to grow current projects and to continueto build a profile for the CSDA as a centre for research excellence in socialwelfare and social development on the continent. Implementing our fundingstrategy to support and grow our work will be a further priority.

Thank youA special thank you to Tessa Hochfeld, Chris Forrester, Lisa Selipsky and Pat

Grote for your belief in the work that we do at CSDA. Thea de Wet providedvaluable support and led the fieldwork for the Johannesburg LivelihoodsStudy this past year for which we are most grateful.

Thank you to our research partners for your support and to the Dean of theFaculty of Humanities, Prof Rory Ryan, for his commitment to the CSDA andfor smoothing the ripples in our path. Thank you also to Prof Thomas Aufder Heyde, Executive Director: Research and Innovation Division, and Ferdivan der Walt, Operational Strategic Support: Research and Innovation Division,for your guidance. Riette Eiselen from Statkon at the University of Johannesburgprovided valuable statistical analytical support over the past year.

Director: Prof Leila Patel

Director's overview 2007

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The CSDA consists of the following staff:

Director: Prof Leila PatelLeila Patel is Professor of Social Development Studies and Director of the Centre for SocialDevelopment in Africa at the University ofJohannesburg. She is also the editor of thejournal The Social Work Practitioner-Researcher. Previously, she was Head ofDepartment of Social Work at the Universityof Johannesburg; Vice-Principal and Deputy

Vice-Chancellor, University of the Witwatersrand; Director General, Department of Welfare and Population Development.

Prof Patel published a book titled “Social Welfare and Social Development in South Africa” (OUP, 2005) and has published numerous journal articles,conference proceedings, papers, books, research reports and government documents, including the White Paper for Social Welfare, 1997. In 1992she wrote a book titled “Restructuring of Social Welfare: the Options forSouth Africa” (Raven Press).

Researcher: Tessa HochfeldTessa Hochfeld has an MSc (gender anddevelopment), from the London School ofEconomics (2000) and a BA (social work)from the University of the Witwatersrand(1995). Prior to joining the CSDA, she wasa researcher at the Wits Institute for Socialand Economic Research (WISER), Universityof the Witwatersrand, and she also spent 5 years as an academic in Social Work, School of Human and CommunityDevelopment, University of the Witwatersrand. She worked as a consultant researcher for the Gender Unit at the Centre for the Study of Violence andReconciliation (CSVR) and practiced as a social worker in the fields of

gender-based violence and generic social services.

Ms Hochfeld’s research responsibilities at the CSDA include co-ordinatingand conducting research in the research focus areas of the transformationof welfare in South Africa, social work education in Southern Africa, andgender and social security. She is also the assistant editor of the journalThe Social Work Practitioner-Researcher.

Researcher: René Carapinha(until May 2007)René Carapinha has an MA (welfare management), from the Universityof Stellenbosch (2002) and a BA (social work) from the University ofStellenbosch. Her research responsibilities while at the CSDA werecoordinating and working in the research focus areas of black economic

empowerment and volunteering and civic service. Ms. Carapinha left theCSDA in May 2007 to pursue full-time Doctoral studies at Boston Collegein the USA.

Researcher: Chris Forrester joinedCSDA in a part time capacity from May2007 and joined full time from January2008.

Chris Forrester holds an MA (SocialScience)(Cum Laude)(2003) from the Rand

Afrikaans University, a Honours in Teaching(2005) from Texas, a Management Advancement Certificate (2002) from Wits Business School, and aTESOL/TEFLA qualification from Chichester College in Bangkok (2007).He was a part-time lecturer at the Department of Social Work (Universityof Johannesburg) from 2003 – 2006 and joined the CSDA on a part-timebasis in 2007, where he was involved in research and management ofthe Johannesburg Livelihoods Study. His current research responsibilitiesinclude coordination and research in the research focus areas of urbanpoverty and livelihoods, civic engagement and volunteering and studies onchildren and youth. Mr Forrester is pursuing his D.Phil studies at theUniversity of Johannesburg in 2008.

Junior researcher: Lisa SelipskyLisa Selipsky has a BA Honours in SocialScience (Cum Laude) which she completedin 2006 at the University of Johannesburg.She is currently doing her Masters Degreein Social Work by Research at the Universityof Johannesburg in the field of substanceabuse, programme evaluation, and scaledevelopment.

Student assistant: Confidence Maake (until November 2007)Confidence Maake completed her BA Honours in Social Science in 2007at the University of Johannesburg. She is currently working as a socialworker for the Department of Social Development.

Student assistant: Albert Sentime(from February 2008)Albert Sentime has a BA (Geography) whichhe completed in 2007 at the University ofJohannesburg. He is presently doing hisHonours degree in Geography at theUniversity of Johannesburg.

CSDA staff

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Research focus area 1: Urban Poverty and Livelihoods

Johannesburg livelihoods study

Overview The end of apartheid presented the City of Johannesburg with an opportunityfor reconstructing itself from a divided apartheid c ity to a more inclusivecity. Not only did apartheid cause an unequal and inefficient system ofmunicipal government, it also left a huge backlog in basic services andinfrastructure provision in poor areas. Poverty and unemployment, urbanviolence, insecure housing tenure, a high prevalence of HIV/AIDS, chronic

diseases and food insecurity are some of the critical human development issues facing the residents of the city. The urban poor, residing in certainpockets of the city such as informal settlements and inner city areas, areparticularly vulnerable and struggle to gain access to services and opportunitiesto improve their livelihoods.

Building on formative qualitative and quantitative work conducted in 2005and 2006, a team comprised of researchers from several academic disciplinesat Brown University (USA) and London South Bank University (UK), andled by Leila Patel (CSDA) and Thea de Wet (Anthropology and Development Studies) at the University of Johannesburg, collaborated with the City ofJohannesburg to develop a household survey to collect data on poverty,human development and health indicators in the poorest areas of the Cityof Johannesburg.

The study The purpose of the 2007/2008 Johannesburg Livelihoods Study is tounderstand the way people survive and make a living in poor urban areas.The study investigates urban poverty, human development and livelihoodsin households across all regions of the City. Households are the primaryunit that the City engages with in meeting needs, promoting access toresources and in the optimization of opportunities to realize social rights.This study will thus have a direct and positive effect on policies of local

government in relation to rendering support and services for the City’s poor.

To date, approximately 1200 households have been interviewed in thepoorest areas of each of the seven administrative regions of the City. Thefocus of the combined quantitative and qualitative interviews was on thenature and scope of the actual livelihood activities that poor householdsengage in, their access to resources, basic services and consumption goods,their access to credit social relationships and networks of support, theiraccess to basic and other welfare services including health, education andsocial welfare, and psychosocial well-being.

Field work is coming to a close, and the next phase for 2008 will be thecompletion of the data analysis and the production of a research report,journal articles and dissemination of the study findings.

Research focus area 2: Civic Engagement, Service andVolunteering

A cross-national study on civic service and volunteering in five Southern African countries

Study aim This study aimed to investigate civic service and volunteering in SouthernAfrica, by conducting qualitative research in five countries of the region:Botswana, Malawi, South Africa, Zambia and Zimbabwe

Overview of the study findings This collaborative study with researchers from the North and the South wascompleted in August 2007. The findings of the study challenged the widelyheld view that civic service and volunteering is performed mainly by middle-class women engaged in philanthropic giving. The majority of volunteersin the five countries were poor, were mainly women and youth that wereengaged in their communities in providing psychosocial support, communityeducation and prevention, mutual aid and development among others. Theidea that service and volunteering is integral to promoting social andeconomic development, active citizenship, social solidarity and reciprocitybetween servers and beneficiaries was confirmed by the study.

Household level studies or labour force statistics were not available for allfive countries and as a result an accurate assessment could not be madeof the prevalence of volunteering. However, data was available for Malawiand South Africa which indicated that 69% of households in Malawi and17% of the South African population (8 million) are involved in volunteeractivities. Service and volunteering is an emerging phenomenon in SouthernAfrica and internationally and is an emerging field of enquiry. The contributionof service and volunteering to national social and economic development has not been estimated and it is vital that future research addresses this.Furthermore, the current study was a qualitative study and there is a needto test the findings on a larger cross national African study or on a global

level in poor countries.

CSDA’s research partners The research was conducted in partnership with The Center for SocialDevelopment, George Warren Brown School of Social Work, WashingtonUniversity, St Louis and Volunteer Service Enquiry Southern Africa (VOSESA)a non-profit organization. The research was conducted in collaboration withcolleagues from academic institutions at the Universities of Botswana,Johannesburg, Malawi and Zimbabwe.

Impact of the study The research findings were presented at conferences and workshops in2007. In addition, the country research reports were placed on the VOSESAweb site and by the end of August 2007, there were close to 3 000downloads of the report. The value of the study lies in the fact that it

Research projects

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Survival strategies in the city of Johannesburg

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challenges long standing views about service and volunteering which isassociated with welfare paternalism and passivity among service recipients.The idea that service is part of promoting development, civic engagement,empowerment, social and human capital development and social cohesionis increasingly receiving attention internationally. Further research is howeverneeded to document best practice, inform policy, social development programmes and that will build the knowledge base of the field.

Research focus area 3: The Transformation of theWelfare Sector

The transformation of the welfare sector in South Africa

Focus of the study The focus of this study is to assess the extent of the transformation of thewelfare sector in South Africa in relation to the key social development directions encapsulated by the White Paper for Social Welfare, 1997. Themain research question is to determine what the nature, scope, perceptions,achievements, barriers and challenges are in the transformation of the

previous remedial social welfare approach towards a developmental welfaremodel. The project thus investigates the nature and scope of the implementationof the government’s national developmental welfare strategy. It is envisagedthat the findings and recommendations could contribute to strengtheningsocial welfare and social development policies and programmes at a provincialand national level.

Phase one of this project was completed in 2007, and consisted of arandom quantitative postal survey of 1 064 organisations affiliated to theNational Council of Social Services (NACOSS)rendering social services acrossSouth Africa.

Phase two will consist of nation-wide focus groups and qualitative interviewswith key stakeholders in order to interpret and explore the findings of phaseone in more depth. This will begin in early 2008.

Findings The findings of phase one of the study indicated that there is, overall, support for developmental welfare amongst NACOSS affiliates, that the idea ofdevelopmental social welfare is beginning to take root and organisationsbelieve they are transforming.

Areas where progress has been made are in the increased access that poorand disadvantaged people have to services; in the profile of service userswhich has shifted to be more reflective of needs and demography; in thepositive shifts in the race and gender profile of staff; and in agency boardsthat are more representative of the population they serve. Further, there isa more balanced use of social work methods, although case work is still themethod that is used to the largest extent followed by community work.

However, service delivery continues to reflect historical patterns of servicetypes and funding in that the main focus for service delivery is on residentialcare, statutory services and on children and older persons. There is a lesserfocus on poverty reduction but a significant growth in services related to theHIV/AIDS pandemic.

Looking ahead Overall, it can be concluded that welfare services are still mainly remedial,statutory, urban based and residential in nature. On the basis of this evidence,

Research projects

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Placing volunteering on the economic map of the world

Lending support to other research initiatives

Measuring the contribution of volunteering on economic development is the aim of a study being conducted by the Center for Civil SocietyStudies at Johns Hopkins University, the International Labour Organisationand United Nations Volunteers. The CSDA and VOSESA facilitatedmeetings between Statistics SA and a division of National Accounts at the South African Reserve Bank to see how South Africa may beinvolved in this global study to put volunteer work on the economic

map of the world.

The study promises to overcome the lack of statistical measurement of volunteering by developing a recommended procedure for measuringvolunteer work through official labour force surveys in countriesthroughout the world thereby fulfilling a mandate established in a2003 United Nations Statistics Division Handbook on Nonprofit Institutions in the System of National Accounts . This procedure will bepresented to an International Conference of Labour Statisticians inGeneva, Switzerland, in December 2008.

The CSDA supports this initiative and believes that research of this

nature could make a significant contribution to reflecting volunteerwork in the calculation of gross domestic product. It could also leadto recognising the value of volunteering in national development.

Participants at civic service and volunteering in SADC workshop held in Johannesburg, March 2007



it was concluded that there is still much to be done to transform welfareservices in South Africa. HIV/AIDS coupled with mass poverty is a publicissue and requires a comprehensive response. Social problems on this scalecannot be addressed purely by means of statutory and remedial welfaremeasures. Funding and other policies need to incentivise NGOs to implement the paradigm shift, and we need to invest in capacity building across thegovernment and NGO sector if the vision of developmental social welfareis to be realized.

The findings of this study have been written up as a research report, andhave been presented to the NACOSS executive committee as well as to

peers at a conference of the Association of South African Social WorkEducational Institutions. Further dissemination is planned in 2008.

Research focus area 4: Social Work Education inSouthern Africa

Modelling social work education in Southern and East Africa

This research aims to study the nature of social work education in theSouthern and East Africa regions, with a specific focus on developmentalsocial work. It also intends building regional networks and relationshipsbetween schools of social work in the region.

A research partnership was formed between the CSDA, Prof RodreckMupedziswa from the University of Botswana, and Christopher Chiterekafrom the National University of Lesotho who is also the regional representativefor the Association of Schools of Social Work in Africa (ASSWA). This project is thus a shared venture. The study has been granted funding from theInternational Association of Schools of Social Work (IASSW).

A questionnaire has been prepared which focuses on both curriculum relatedand extra-curricula activities in each school. The sampling f rame consistsof every school of social work in the region and the data collection will be

conducted in early 2008. It is hoped that the data will help in formulatinga developmental social work education framework which can be sharedamongst regional schools, and in this way valuable new relationshipsbetween schools can be established. It is envisaged that an implementationproject will be planned once this research is complete so that the frameworkcan be used to contribute to teaching and learning regionally.

Research focus area 5: Black Economic Empowerment andCommunity Empowerment

How broad based is Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment?

Background To counter the view that a few well connected individuals benefit fromblack economic empowerment, the government adopted the Broad Based

Black Economic Empowerment Act in 2003. The Act calls for theempowerment of excluded groups such has women, workers, youth, peoplewith disabilities and people living in rural areas through the adoption ofdiverse but integrated socio-economic strategies. In this way ‘real’empowerment was to be promoted.

The CSDA undertook a preliminary study to obtain an overall picture of theBEE deals concluded between 2004 and 2006 with reference to f irstlywho the beneficiaries are, secondly, what the nature of the deals are andlastly, the target groups being reached. BusinessMap Foundation providedthe CSDA with its data base of deals brokered during the above period

based on newspaper reports.

A purposive sample was selected to identify the deals that included previouslydisadvantaged individuals and excluded groups. A sample of 41 deals wasselected from a first wave of deals concluded in 2004 and 2005 and asecond sample of 51 was drawn from deals concluded in 2006 amountingto a total of 92 deals. The researchers wanted to see if there weresignificant differences between the two periods.

Findings: How broad based is BBBEE? In total, approximately 1 574 BEE deals were concluded between 2004and 2006. The disclosed value of the deals was approximately R284

billion. Information on the value of the deals was only available for 59%of the sample, which means that the actual value of the deals is muchhigher. Based on the data, the value of deals is estimated to be aroundR400 billion over the above period.

The deals were analyzed using the criteria in the Broad Based BlackEconomic Empowerment legislation, which required that the benefits ofthis strategy should reach the most disadvantaged individuals, groups andcommunities.

• Employees: Of the deals concluded in 2004 to 2005, companyemployees (31%) benefited the most from BBBEE. It appears that lower level workers benefited fairly equally with management in thedeals concluded in 2004 to 2005 with lower level workers benefitingslightly more in 2006. However, the available data does not tell uswhat the monetary value of management employee shares are relativeto that of lower level workers.

• Women: Approximately 19% of the sampled deals in 2004-2005and 45% in 2006 included women as empowerment partners in theirdeals. The majority of women were represented in the consortia throughwomen owned companies over the three year period. Women ownedcompanies tend to represent women who are likely to be well-educated;some of whom are professionals or have business experience whilst

others are simply well connected with ruling and other elites.• Community trusts: The creation of community trusts to allocateshares to disadvantage groups featured prominently over the threeyears. Some companies established these trusts to support education,

Research projects

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health or investments in social and human development. Limitedinformation was available on the nature of these trusts and who thetarget groups are and the value of the shares held in these trusts.

• Other beneficiaries: In this category disadvantaged groups suchas youth and people with disabilities were identified as potentialbeneficiaries in terms of the legislation. In general, the proportion ofthe shares targeted at these groups was small relative to the allocationto employees and the strategic partners and individuals leading theBEE consortia. The actual value of the shares earmarked fordisadvantaged groups and communities is not known.

Conclusions

While BEE has the potential to contribute to the deracialization of ownershipof the South African economy, the analysis of the BEE deals concludedfrom 2004 to 2006 only marginally included those who are disempoweredand excluded from full economic and social participation in the society. Thetwo groups who gained the greatest access to the deals were employeesand women. These groups are not homogenous and it is more than likelythat managers and women owned companies benefited more than lowerlevel workers and poor, rural women and women with disabilities includingthose in low paid employment. People with disabilities and youth alsobenefited to a lesser extent. In this respect the deals fell short of theintentions of the BBBEE legislation.

The study demonstrates the importance of monitoring the implementationof the legislation and placing pressure on deal makers and government toensure that those who are most excluded and disadvantaged should benefit significantly from BEE. Ongoing monitoring of the implementation of thelegislation is needed including an evaluation of South Africa’s current modelto achieve social and economic justice.

The CSDA wishes to thank BusinessMap Foundation for providing access to their data base for the BEE study. Thanks are also due to Lauren Graham who assisted with the data analysis and the drafting of the research report for the BEE study.

Research focus area 6: Gender and Social Security

A gendered impact analysis of the Child Support Grant in South Africa

By targeting both the poor and the caregivers of children, an unintendedoutcome of social security policy in South Africa has meant the socialsecurity system caters in large part to women. Studying this shift is crucial,as it can have significant social consequences. While a small number ofSouth African scholars are interested in gender and social security, a studyusing a gender analysis to gauge the impact of social grants at the level

of the household has never been done in this country. This new CSDAproject aims to conduct a gendered analysis of the impact of the ChildSupport Grant on urban households in Johannesburg in relation to the

economic and livelihood impact of the grant, the human development impact of the grant in relation to health, education, food security andsafety, the intra-household impact of the grant in relation to decision-making, women’s empowerment, and intra-household relations, and theimpact of the grant on psycho-social supports and networks.

This combined quantitative – qualitative study will begin in 2008. Variousdonors have been approached for funding.

Research focus area 7: Focus on children

The CSDA is planning a roundtable dialogue with leading partners in thewelfare and development field to review progress made with theimplementation of the government’s developmental social welfare policyin relation to children in South Africa. Ideas for policies or an innovativeintervention that could signal the shift from a remedial approach to adevelopmental one to promote the well-being of children and women willbe explored. Based on the outcome of this conversation, a research strategywill be developed. This will be a new initiative for the CSDA.

Research projects

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The Social Work Practitioner- Researcher

Renewal of the journal The Social Work Practitioner – Researcher is an accredited, refereed,interdisciplinary journal for social workers and social service professionalsconcerned with the advancement of the theory and practice of social workand social development in the African context and in a changing globalworld. The purpose of the journal is to promote research and innovationin the practice of helping individuals, families, small groups, organizationsand communities to promote development and human well-being in asociety. The journal is committed to the creation of empowered, humane,

just and democratic societies.

The journal is housed in the Department of Social Work, but the current editor (Leila Patel) and assistant editor (Tessa Hochfeld) are full time staffof the CSDA. The journal has achieved a significant amount in 2007. Seedfunding was secured from the Development Bank of Southern Africa toemploy a journal administrator on a part-time basis (Pat Grote) who hasgreatly assisted in the improved efficiency of the publication process. Apath of renewal led to the introduction in 2007 of a new improved coverand text layout for the journal, and new and far more efficient administrativesystems. Regular consultation with the Editorial Board on policy decisionsand the use of Board Members for assistance on editorial decisions hashelped with the improvement of the journal quality.

Outputs & future plans In 2007, apart from the publication of the three regular issues of thejournal, we also published one special issue jointly with Social Development Issues (University of Zimbabwe) on civic service in the Southern AfricanDevelopment Community titled “Research Partnerships Build the ServiceField in Africa”. In addition to a large volume of print copies distributed,this publication was placed on the VOSESA website and there were 741downloads of the articles from the journal as at August 2007.

The plans for 2008 include theproduction of one special issuepublished jointly with Practice(the journal of the BritishAssociation of Social Workers)on social work practice in SouthAfrica, due for release in April2008. We are also in the latestages of planning for our July2008 issue which will be athemed issue on reviewingdevelopmental welfare in SouthAfrica in the 10 years since theWhite Paper for Social Welfarewas gazetted in 1997.

Commissioned Policy Development: South African LocalGovernment Association (SALGA)

The issue as to whether local authorities are responsible for social welfarefunctions is a contested one. Consequently, there is no policy guiding localauthorities in promoting social development despite the fact that themandate of developmental local government is wide and the demand topromote economic, infrastructural and social development is high. To addressthis issue, the CSDA was commissioned by the SA Local Government Association (SALGA) to develop a social development policy that could beused by local authorities to advocate for social development at a local level.

A document titled "A Social development policy framework: Principles,guidelines and recommendations for the delivery of social development services at local level" was developed with the full participation of localauthority staff and councillors. Two workshops were conducted and adiscussion document was developed. The CSDA will support SALGA inprogressing this initiative as required in 2008. Thanks to Rayna Taback forher considerable input on the development of the social development policyfor SALGA.

Pierre Joubert Fund

In 2006, a two year bursary of R40 000 per year was established in thename of Pierre Joubert. Pierre Joubert was a committed and dedicatedmedical doctor who took his professional conduct and communityresponsibilities very seriously. We are extremely fortunate that the donorhas chosen to disburse this money solely through the CSDA. An independent committee selected Marcel Korth, at the time a CSDA researcher, as thefirst recipient of this fund. His MA research on resilience in young men,titled "Bouncing back and holding on: Young men’s coping mechanismsand strategies in Soweto, South Africa", is almost complete and he willbe presenting his findings at a seminar early in 2008. In February 2008a new grant recipient will be selected for the 2008/2009 funding cycle.

ASASWEI Conference Organised

In September 2007 the CSDA and the Department of Social Work hostedthe annual conference on behalf of the Association of South African SocialWork Educational Institutions. The conference theme was “Ten Years On- Challenges and Innovation in Developmental Social Welfare” and wewere very pleased to have Dr Swanson-Jacobs, the Deputy Minister ofSocial Development, Zachie Achmat, from the Treatment Action Campaign,and Aadeilah Maker, from Soul City, as our keynote speakers.

The conference attracted a total of 231 delegates, including social workpractitioners, academics, researchers and students. Forty-nine papers weredelivered focusing on a range of sub-themes related to social work andsocial development. The conference was favourably received by delegatesand there was general agreement that the conference theme was well

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explored while realistically portraying current innovations and challengesin the social development and social welfare domain.

Another positive outcome of the conference was a joint meeting betweensocial work students from the University of Johannesburg and the Universityof the Witwatersrand. A joint student committee was established andregular contact between the two groups in future will focus on social workeducation issues and the general promotion of the social work profession.

Helen Joseph Memorial Lecture

In 2006 and 2007 the CSDA and Department of Social Work workedclosely with the University of Johannesburg to host an annual memoriallecture in the name of Helen Joseph on behalf of the Department of Artsand Culture. The 2007 lecture was given by Prof Francis Lund from theUniversity of KwaZulu Natal, and was entitled: “Building Welfare ForDevelopment: Social Security Reform In South Africa”. The event wasopened by the musician Jennifer Fergusson.

Writing Group

In 2006 the CSDA initiated what became known as the writing group forcolleagues in the CSDA and the Department of Social Work. This groupwas focused on supporting and assisting members with their academicwriting activities on a monthly basis throughout 2007. Group memberswere diverse, with varying levels of seniority and writing expertise, andvarying research and writing interests. The discussions were interesting,lively, developmental and supportive. One article discussed at the writinggroup in 2007 was subsequently accepted for publication in a scholarlyjournal. This group is ongoing and will continue into 2008.

International and Local Exchange/Collaboration Agreements

In 2007, the Vice-Chancellor of the University of Johannesburg, the Vice-

Chancellor of Erfurt University of Applied Sciences (Germany) and theCentre for Social Development in Africa signed a student and staff exchangeagreement. The CSDA, in partnership with the Department of Social Work,facilitated the exchange of 14 German students to the University ofJohannesburg for 2 weeks in September 2007, and 3 University ofJohannesburg students to Erfurt University for 2 months in December 2007and January 2008. This exchange programme will continue in 2008.

Collaboration agreement: A Memorandum of Understanding signed between the University ofJohannesburg and the Development Bank of Southern Africa was signedin November 2005.

Postgraduate Supervision

Five Doctoral students and two MA students were supervised in 2007.Research guidance was also provided to four students registered with Fort Laurier University (Canada); Oxford University (UK); Catholic University(USA); and University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg.

Website

The CSDA is proud to announce its entry into the world-wide web!

While still in its infancy, the website endeavours to put all users of technologyin direct contact with the CSDA and its activities. All updates are envisagedto be finalized before April 2008 and the website will provide appropriatelinks to the following:• CSDA General Information• Activities of the Centre• Research Publications• Announcements of upcoming seminars and other events• The Social Work Practitioner-Researcher Journal• Contact details and biographies of staff members• A contact and general communication page

Easy access to the website is in the design process, and the site will beupdated on a monthly basis. The site may be accessed at www.uj.ac.za/csda

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CSDA projects are conducted collaboratively with a range of research partnerswho contribute knowledge, resources, data bases, expertise, networks andfieldwork support. Without the support of these organisations and institutions,the CSDA will not be able to realise its mission. The following researchpartners contributed to CSDA projects in various ways during 2007:

• Association of Schools of Social Work in Africa• Brown University, Rhode Island USA• BusinessMap Foundation• Center for Social Development, George Warren Brown School of Social

Work, Washington University, St Louis, USA

• City of Johannesburg• Development Bank of Southern Africa

• Department of Anthropology and Development Studies, Universityof Johannesburg

• Department of Social Work, University of Johannesburg• Erfurt University of Applied Sciences, Germany• International Association of Schools of Social Work• London South Bank University, UK• National Council of Social Services (NACOSS)• National University of Lesotho• University of Botswana• University of Malawi• University of Zimbabwe

• VOSESA• United Nations Volunteers

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Funding and financesThe CSDA has received generous support from central and faculty researchstructures at the University of Johannesburg. The University has providedstaff and infrastructure and such support will be ensured for the next threeyears as part of the University’s investment in strengthening and promotingresearch. Support for specific projects is elicited from donors and this stillconstitutes a small component of CSDA’s income. Some consultancyresearch was conducted in 2007 to generate income. However, the CSDA

will be mindful to select its research projects strategically as it does not wish to be driven by contract research only.

In 2008, considerable effort will be invested in raising funds for current and new initiatives and a funding strategy and plan has been developed.We wish to thank our donors for their support.



Peer-reviewed journal articles

Hochfeld, T. 2007. Missed Opportunities: Conservative Discourses in the Draft National Family Policy of South Africa . International SocialWork 50(1):79-91.

Hochfeld, T. & Rasool Bassadien, S. 2007.Participation, values and implementation: three research challenges in developing gender-sensitive indicators . Gender and Development 15(2):

217-230

Patel, L. (2007). A Cross national study on civic service and volunteering in Southern Africa . TheSocial Worker-Researcher Practitioner and theJournal of Social Development in Africa SpecialIssue March 2007:7-23.

Perold, H., Patel, L. Carapinha, R., Mohamed, S.(2007). Civic service policy in South Africa . TheSocial Worker-Researcher Practitioner and theJournal of Social Development in Africa SpecialIssue March 2007:52-67.

Research reports

de Wet, T., Patel, L. and Forrester, C. (2007)Livelihoods in the Poorest Wards of the City of Johannesburg, Preliminary Report Johannesburg:CSDA Report

Fairley, C. M. & Gallagher, B. M. (2007) MalawiCountry Report. Five Country Study on Service

and Volunteering in Southern Africa . Johannesburg:CSDA & VOSESA Report.

Kalila, A., Wilson, T. & Noyoo, N. (2007) ZambiaCountry Report. Five Country Study on Service and Volunteering in Southern Africa . Johannesburg:CSDA & VOSESA Report.

Kaseke, E & Dhemba, J. (2007) ZimbabweCountry Report. Five Country Study on Service and Volunteering in Southern Africa . Johannesburg:CSDA & VOSESA Report.

Núñez, L., Forrester, C. & de Wet, T. (2007)Study on Credit and Savings in the Poorest Wards

of the City of Johannesburg, Preliminary Report Johannesburg: CSDA Report

Patel, L. & Perold, H. Mohamed, S., Carapinha,R. (2007). Five Country Cross National Study on Service and Volunteering in Southern Africa .Center for Social Development, George WarrenBrown School of Social Work, WashingtonUniversity, St Louis. CSD Research Report No.07-19. http://gwbweb.wustl.edu/csd/service/ SRGP2_Africa-5country.htm. No of pages: 60

Patel, L. &Taback, R. (2007). Social development policy framework: Principles, guidelines and recommendations for the delivery of social development services at local level . Report forthe South African Local Government Association(SALGA).

Perold, H., Carapinha, R. & Mohamed, S. E.(2007) South Africa Country Report. Five Country Study on Service and Volunteering in Southern Africa . Johannesburg: CSDA & VOSESA Report.

Rankopo, M. J., Osei-Hwedie, K. & Modie-Moroka,T. (2007) Botswana Country Report. Five Country Study on Service and Volunteering in Southern Africa . Johannesburg: CSDA & VOSESA Report.

Editorials

Hochfeld, T. & Patel, L.(2007). Editorial inThe Social Work Practitioner – Researcher.

19(3):1-3

Hochfeld, T and Patel, L. (2007). Editorial inThe Social Work Practitioner – Researcher.19(2):1-2

Patel, L. and Hochfeld, T. (2007). Editorial inThe Social Work Practitioner – Researcher.19(1):1-4

Forthcoming publications in 2008

de Wet, T., Patel, L., & Forrester, C. (forthcoming2008) Johannesburg Livelihoods Study Johannesburg: CSDA Report

Patel, L. (forthcoming 2008). Youth development,service and volunteering in Five Southern African countries . In Moore McBride, A. Youth Service inComparative Perspective. International Journalof Social Welfare.

Patel, L. (forthcoming 2008). Overview of a decade of post apartheid social welfare . Practiceand The Social Work Practitioner-Researcher.South African Social Work Special Edition.

Patel, L. & Graham, L. (forthcoming 2008). Who benefits from Broad Based Black Economic Empowerment? Johannesburg: CSDA Report

Patel, L., Hochfeld, T. and Selipsky, L.(forthcoming) The Transformation of the Welfare Sector in South Africa Johannesburg: CSDA Report

Patel, L. & Triegaardt, J. (forthcoming in 2008).South Africa: Social Security, poverty alleviation and development . In Midgley, J. and Kwong-leung Tang (Eds) Social Security and Development (chapter 3) London: Sage publications.

Conference papers / presentations

Hochfeld, T. (2007). Modelling Developmental Social Work Education in SADC: The Case of South Africa . Paper presented at the InternationalConsortium for Social Development (ICSD) 15thInternational Symposium "Seeking Harmony andPromoting Social Development in a world ofconflict", Hong Kong, 16-20 July 2007.

Hochfeld, T. (2007). A social development analysis of minimum standards for social work education in South Africa . Paper presented at the Associationof South African Social Work EducationalInstitutions (ASASWEI) annual conference heldat University of Johannesburg, 3-4 September2007.

Patel, L. (2007). Broad based black economic empowerment and community empowerment in South Africa . Paper presented at the InternationalConsortium for Social Development (ICSD) 15thInternational Symposium “Seeking Harmony andPromoting Social Development in a World of

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Conflict”, Hong Kong, 16-20 July 2007Patel, L. (2007). Advocacy Role of Professional Associations towards Social Development: a view from South Africa . Paper presented at theInternational Consortium for Social Develop-ment (ICSD) 15th International Symposium“Seeking Harmony and Promoting SocialDevelopment in a World of Conflict”, Hong Kong,16-20 July 2007.

Patel, L. and Hochfeld, T. (2007). Ten years on:

an overview of the transformation of the welfare sector in South Africa, 1997 – 2007 . Paperpresented at the Association of South AfricanSocial Work Educational Institutions (ASASWEI)annual conference held at University ofJohannesburg, 3-4 September 2007.

Patel, L. and Perold, H. (2007). Five-country cross-national study on civic service and volunteering in Southern Africa . Presented at aninternational conference convened by the Centerfor Social Development, Global Service FellowsProgramme, George Warren Brown School ofSocial Work, Washington University, St Louis,USA 28 February – 3 March 2007.

Patel, L and Perold, H. (2007). Five country cross-national study on civic service and volunteering in Southern Africa . Presentationmade in the European Parliament on the invitationof MEP Gisella Kallenbach and MEP Marian Harkinin cooperation with the Association of VoluntaryService Organisations (SASVO) at conference on

“Shaping policy for voluntary service throughresearch”. 12 June, 2007, Brussels, Belguim.

Other presentations

de Wet T. (2007) Interdisciplinary perspectives on health and well-being: the Johannesburg livelihoods study . A plenary speaker at theconference of the BioSocial Society on "Unhealthyprofessional boundaries? Working together inHealth and Social Care", Goodenough College,London, 4-5 December 2007

de Wet T. (2007). Social Challenges in Urban Environments: Johannesburg Livelihoods Study Environment and Health Module of the MPH:Dept Community Health University of theWitwatersrand, July 2007.

Patel, L. (2007) Participated in Expert GroupWorkshop Promoting Participation, Engagement,including Volunteerism, and Inclusion in National Development Initiatives . Joint Initiative of UnitedNations Department of Economic and Social Affairs

Division for Social Policy and Development andUnited Nations Volunteers Programme. UnitedNations Headquarters, New York, November 27-28, 2007.

Patel, L. and Hochfeld, T. (2007) Ten years on: an overview of the transformation of the welfare sector in South Africa, 1997 – 2007 . Presentationat NACOSS executive committee meeting,Johannesburg, 6 November 2007

Patel, L. and Perold, H. (2007). Civic Service and volunteering in SADC: Towards research,capacity-building and policy Paper presented at international workshop. VOSESA, Johannesburg,14-16 March 2007.

Patel, L. & Perold, H. (2007). A cross-national study on civic service and volunteering in five Southern African countries . PresentedUnited Nations Volunteers in Bonn, Germany onJune 14, 2007.

Patel, L & Taback, R. (2007). Social development policy framework: Principles, guidelines and recommendations for the delivery of social development services at local level . Presented at a workshop with Local Government Councillorsresponsible for social development, South AfricanLocal Government Association, Pretoria

Patel, L. (2007) Introduction of speaker Prof FLund on Building welfare for development: social security reform in South Africa . CSDA co-hostedthe Helen Joseph Memorial lecture, 3 September2007

Other activities

Acted in an advisory capacity to the ExecutiveDirector of Vosesa, Helene Perold on theDevelopment of the National Youth Policy and inparticular on the section on social cohesion. Thepolicy was developed for the National YouthCommission in the Office of the President.

Patel, L. & Mupediziswa, R. (2007). Joint editorsof special edition of journal Research Partnerships

Build the Service Field in Africa: Special Issue on Civic Service in the Southern African Development Community, Johannesburg , Volunteer and ServiceEnquiry Southern Africa, The Social WorkPractitioner-Researcher and the Journal of SocialDevelopment in Africa Special Issue March 2007.

Editorial responsibilities

Patel, L• Editor: The Social Work Practitioner-Researcher• Member of Editorial Advisory Board of

Development Southern Africa.• Advisory board member Social Development

Issues (International Journal)

Hochfeld, T • Assistant editor: The Social Work

Practitioner-Researcher• Advisory board member Social Work/

Maatskaplike Werk

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csda annual report

Documents