cs;ehl;by; kf;fs; ,lk;ngahjy; njhlhghd tplaq;fis mzfjy;ehl;by; kf;fs; ,lk;ngahjy; njhlhghd tplaq;fis...

cs;ehl;by; kf;fs; ,lk;ngaHjy;

njhlHghd tplaq;fis mZFjy;:

Njrpa nghWg;Glikf;fhd rl;lfk;

Vg;uy; 2005

GW}f;fpq;]; epWtdk;- NgHz; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; cs;ehl;by;

,lk;ngaHjy; njhlHghd nraw;jpl;lk;.

ml;lilg;glk;: fpof;Fj; jpNkhhpy; kPsj; jpUk;Gk; ,lk;ngaHe;jtH

Gifg;glk;: kdhLl;Nlh/UNHCR

mzpe;Jiumzpe;Jiumzpe;Jiumzpe;Jiumzpe;Jiu

cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;Njhhpd; kdpj chpikfs; njhlHghf If;fpacs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;Njhhpd; kdpj chpikfs; njhlHghf If;fpacs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;Njhhpd; kdpj chpikfs; njhlHghf If;fpacs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;Njhhpd; kdpj chpikfs; njhlHghf If;fpacs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;Njhhpd; kdpj chpikfs; njhlHghf If;fpa

ehLfspd; nrayhsH ehafj;jpd; gpujpepjp> Nthy;w;wH nfhypd; toq;fpaJ.ehLfspd; nrayhsH ehafj;jpd; gpujpepjp> Nthy;w;wH nfhypd; toq;fpaJ.ehLfspd; nrayhsH ehafj;jpd; gpujpepjp> Nthy;w;wH nfhypd; toq;fpaJ.ehLfspd; nrayhsH ehafj;jpd; gpujpepjp> Nthy;w;wH nfhypd; toq;fpaJ.ehLfspd; nrayhsH ehafj;jpd; gpujpepjp> Nthy;w;wH nfhypd; toq;fpaJ.

cs;ehl;by; ,;lk;ngaHe;NjhH> jk;Kila nrhe;j ehl;bd; vy;iyfSf;Fs;Ns

tjptjdhYk; > jk ;Kila murhq ;fj ;j pd ; e Pj pe pHthfj ;Jf ;F

cl;gl;bUg;gjhYk;> mtHfspd; ghJfhg;igAk; NjitiaAk; G+Hj;jp nra;a

cj;juthjk; toq;fNtz;ba jiyaha flik> mtHfs; ehl;L mjpfhuj;ijNa

rhUk;. cs;ehl;L ,l;g;ngaHT njhlHghd topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfs; (gpd;dpizg;igg;

ghHf;fTk;) ,e;j tplaj;ijf; Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;Lfpd;wd. ,e;j kf;fs; njhlHghf

c.eh ,lk;ngaHe;Njhhpd; chpikfisAk; murhq;fq;fspd; flg;ghLfisAk; ,it

tFj;Js;sd. Njrpa nghWg;Glik vd;gJ vtw;iwf; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; vd;gijj;

njspthfg; Ghpe;J nfhs;sf;$ba xU rl;lfj;ij ,J toq;Ffpd;wJ.

tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f Njrpa tpisT fhl;ly; xd;iw cUthf;FtjpYk;> cs;ehl;L

,lg;ngaHtpy; vjpHNehf;fg;gLk; gpur;rpidfis mZFtjpYk; rpy topfhl;ly;fis

,e;jf; Nfhl;ghLfs; toq;fNtz;Lk;. ,e;j nraw;ghL njhlHgpy; murhq;fj;jpw;F

cjtp toq;Ftjw;fhf> NgHz; gy;fiyf;fofj;jpd; GW}f;fpq;]; epWtdj;jpd; cs;ehl;L

,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd nraw;jpl;lj;jpd; cjtp ,af;FdH vhpd; %dp> Njrpa

nghWg;Glikapd; juepakq;fis njhFj;J toq;fpAs;shH. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH

njhlHgpy; jk;Kila flg;ghLfis epiwNtw;Wk; murhq;fk;> fUj;jpy; nfhs;s

Ntz;ba gpujhd tplaq;fis xt;nthU juepakq;fSk;> Fwpj;J epw;fpd;wd.

murhq;fq;fs; jk;Kila ehl;L epiyikf;F Vw;wtifapy;> jhk; vLf;Fk;

gbKiwfis khw;wpaikf;fNtz;ba NjitAs;sJ. cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHgpy;

Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba Kd;ndLg;Gfspy; Fwpg;gpl;l vz;zpf;ifahdit midj;J

ehLfSf;Fk; nghJthdnjd ep&gpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghf> murhq;fq;fs;

,lg;ngaHitj; jLf;f my;yJ Fiwf;f Kd;tuNtz;Lk;> Njrpa kl;lj;jpy; ,t;tplak;

gw;wpa topg;GzHit Vw;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. c.eh.,lk;ngaHe;NjhH gw;wpa juTfisAk;

vz;zpf;iffisAk; Nrfhpf;f Ntz;Lk;> cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd

gapw;rpfisAk;> topfhl;lw; Fwpg;GfisAk; toq;f Ntz;Lk;. cs;ehl;by;

,lk;ngaHe;Njhhpd; chpikfis Nkk;gLj;Jtjw;fhf Njrpa rl;l rl;lfk; xd;iw

cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;. cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghf Njrpa nfhs;if xd;iw

cUthf;f Ntz;Lk;> jPHkhdk; Nkw;nfhs;sypy; cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;Njhhpd;

gq;fspg;igAk; cWjpnra;tJld;> cs;ehl;by; ,lg;ngaHe;NjhUf;F ePz;l epiyahd

jPHit toq;f Kd;tuNtz;Lk;. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf> cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;Njhhpd;

gpur;rpidfisf; ifahStjw;F Njrpa Mw;wy; NghjhkypUf;Fk; gl;rj;jpy;>

rHtNjrj;jpd; xj;Jiog;Gld;> ,jidj; jPHf;f Kd;tUjy; Njrpaf; nfhs;ifapy;

Kf;fpa mq;fk; tfpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

gf;fk; 1

Njrpa nghWg;Glik rl;lfkhdJ> cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd midj;J

gpur;rpidfisAk; jPHf;f Kd;tUk; murhq;fq;fSf;F rpwe;j topfhl;bahf

mikfpd;wJ. NkYk; ,J> rHtNjr epWtdq;fs;> gpuhe;jpa mikg;Gfs;> Njrpa

kdpj chpik epWtfq;fs;> rptpy; r%fq;fs; kw;Wk; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs; MfpNahH>

Njrpa nghWg;Glik vt;tsT J}uk; tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fjhff; filg;gpbf;fg;gLfpd;wJ

vd;gijAk;> cs;ehl;by; ,lg;ngaHe;Njhhpd; chpikfs; ve;jsT J}uk; ghpe;Jiuj;jy;

Kaw;rpfspy; mbg;gilahfg; gpd;gw;wg;gLfpwJ vd;gijAk; fzpg;glyhk;.

,e;j ntspaPl;by; cs;slq;Fk; gbKiwfisf; ftdkhf kPsha;T nra;J>

mjpy; nghUj;jkhd topfhl;bfisj; njhpe;njLj;J cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH

njhlHghd gpur;rpidfis nraw;jpwd; kpf;f Kiwapy; ifahStjw;F murhq;fq;fs;

gad;gLj;Jk; vd;gJ ,e;j ciuia Kd;itf;Fk; gpujpepjpapd; ek;gpf;if. epjpf;nfhil

toq;Fk; murhq;fq;fSk;> ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd gpur;rpidfisf; ifahStjw;fhf

murhq;fq;fSf;F epjpAjtp toq;Fk;NghJ jPHkhdq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;tjw;F Njrpa

nghWg;Glikapd; juepakq;fisf; ftdkhf kPsha;T nra;fpd;wd.

gf;fk; 2

nghUslf;fk;nghUslf;fk;nghUslf;fk;nghUslf;fk;nghUslf;fk;

mwpKfk; / 5

cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfs; / 7

Njrpa tpisTfhl;lYf;fhd mbg;gilf; Fzhk;rq;fs; / 9

Njrpa nghWg;Glikapd; vy;iyf; NfhLfs; / 12

1. jLg;G / 12

2. gpur;rpid gw;wpa Njrpa tpopg;GzHit cUthf;fy; / 13

3. juT Nrfhpg;G / 14

4. c.eh.,. chpikfs; njhlHghd gapw;rp toq;fy;. / 15

5. c.eh.,. chpikfisg; rpwg;ghfg; NgZtjw;fhd rl;l rl;lfk; / 17

6. c.eh.,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd Njrpa jpl;lk; my;yJ

Njrpa nfhs;if / 18

7. c.eh.,lk;ngaHe;NjhUf;fhd Njrpa epWtfj;jpd; Kf;fpa

fz;Nzhl;lk; / 19

8. Njrpa kdpj chpikfs; epiyaj;Jf;fhd gq;fspg;G / 20

9. jPHkhdk; Nkw;nfhs;sypy; c.eh.,. gq;fspg;G / 22

10. ePbf;Fk; jPHTfs; / 24

11. NghJkhd toq;fy; / 26

12. rHtNjr kw;Wk; gpuhe;jpa epWtdq;fSldhd xj;Jiog;G / 26

KbTiu / 30

KbTf;Fwpg;Gfs; / 31

gpd;dpizg;G: cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfs; / 32

gf;fk; 3

gf;fk; 4

mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;mwpKfk;

cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH jk;Kila ehl;Lf;Fs;Ns tjptjdhy;> rHtNjrr;

rl;lq;fspd; epakq;fspd; gpufhuk;> jk;Kila nrhe;j murhq;fq;fspd;

ghJfhg;igAk;> cjtpiaAk; mDgtpf;Fk; chpikia mtHfs;

nfhz;Ls;shHfs; vd;gJ kpfTk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l> mbf;fb typAWj;jg;gl;LtUk;

cz;ikahf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. cz;ikapy;> jk;Kila ehl;by; tjpAk; cs;ehl;by;

,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fspd; ghJfhg;igAk; eyidAk; NgzNtz;ba jiyaha nghWg;G

jkf;Fz;L vd;gij murhq;fq;fSk; vg;nghOJk; typAWj;jp tUfpd;wd. cs;ehl;by;

,lk;ngaHe;NjhUf;F ghJfhg;igAk;> cjtpiaAk; cWjpnra;Ak; kpfKf;fpa nghWg;G>

Kjypy; mtHfspd; ehl;L mjpfhuj;ij rhUfpd;wJ vd cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT

njhlHghd topfhl;lw; Fwpg;Gfs; njhptpf;fpd;wd. (gpd;dpizg;igg; ghHf;fTk;) ,J>

c.eh.,. chpikfisAk;> mtHfs; njhlHghd murhq;fj;jpd; flg;ghLfisAk;

typAWj;JtJld;> cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd> rHtNjr> gpuhe;jpa

mZFKiwfSf;F topfhl;Lk; ikaf; fUj;jhfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

Mdhy; c.eh.,.njhlHghd Njrpa nghWg;Glik vd;gJ Mzpj;jukhf vt;thwhd

mHj;jj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sJ? ,jid vt;thW mstplyhk;? Nkk;gLj;jyhk;?

kPsmKy;gLj;jyhk;? Mjutspf;fyhk;?

c.eh.,.njhlHghd Njrpa nghWg;Glik vd;gij vy;NyhUk; tpsq;fpf; nfhs;s

Ntz;Lkhdhy;> ehk; Kjypy; jPHT fhzNtz;ba Nfs;tpfs; ,itahFk;. Njitahd

Fwpfhl;bfs; my;yJ juepHzaq;fs; Mfpait ,e;j nghWg;GlikapypUe;J

murhq;fj;jpw;F tyf;fspg;gjw;fhd xO topfhl;bia toq;Ftjw;Fk;> mJ nraw;jpwd;

kpf;f Kiwapy; nraw;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wjh vd;gij kjpg;gPL nra;tjw;fhd xU jskhfTk;

Njitg;gLfpd;wd. ,e;j tifapy;> cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHit mZFtjw;F Ntz;ba

rpy ju epHzaq;fisf; nfhz;ljhf ,e;j Njrpa nghWg;Glikf;fhd rl;lfk;

jahhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd Njrpa nghWg;Glikia

nrk;ikahf epiwNtw;Wtjw;F Fwpg;ghf> 12 Kf;fpa gbKiwfs; ,jpy;

Kd;itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

1.)1.)1.)1.)1.) ,lg;ngaHitj; jLj;jYk;> ,jd; ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fisf; Fiwj;jYk;,lg;ngaHitj; jLj;jYk;> ,jd; ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fisf; Fiwj;jYk;,lg;ngaHitj; jLj;jYk;> ,jd; ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fisf; Fiwj;jYk;,lg;ngaHitj; jLj;jYk;> ,jd; ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fisf; Fiwj;jYk;,lg;ngaHitj; jLj;jYk;> ,jd; ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fisf; Fiwj;jYk;

2.)2.)2.)2.)2.) gpur;rpid gw;wpa Njrpa tpopg;GzHit cUthf;fy;gpur;rpid gw;wpa Njrpa tpopg;GzHit cUthf;fy;gpur;rpid gw;wpa Njrpa tpopg;GzHit cUthf;fy;gpur;rpid gw;wpa Njrpa tpopg;GzHit cUthf;fy;gpur;rpid gw;wpa Njrpa tpopg;GzHit cUthf;fy;

3.)3.)3.)3.)3.) c.eh.,. epyikfs; njhlHghfTk;> vz;zpf;if njhlHghfTk;> juT Nrfhpj;jy;.c.eh.,. epyikfs; njhlHghfTk;> vz;zpf;if njhlHghfTk;> juT Nrfhpj;jy;.c.eh.,. epyikfs; njhlHghfTk;> vz;zpf;if njhlHghfTk;> juT Nrfhpj;jy;.c.eh.,. epyikfs; njhlHghfTk;> vz;zpf;if njhlHghfTk;> juT Nrfhpj;jy;.c.eh.,. epyikfs; njhlHghfTk;> vz;zpf;if njhlHghfTk;> juT Nrfhpj;jy;.

4.)4.)4.)4.)4.) c.eh.,. chpikfs; njhlHghd gapw;rp toq;Ftjw;F Mjutspj;jy;c.eh.,. chpikfs; njhlHghd gapw;rp toq;Ftjw;F Mjutspj;jy;c.eh.,. chpikfs; njhlHghd gapw;rp toq;Ftjw;F Mjutspj;jy;c.eh.,. chpikfs; njhlHghd gapw;rp toq;Ftjw;F Mjutspj;jy;c.eh.,. chpikfs; njhlHghd gapw;rp toq;Ftjw;F Mjutspj;jy;

5.)5.)5.)5.)5.) c.eh.,. chpikfis rpwg;ghfg; NgZtjw;fhd rl;l rl;lfk; xd;iwc.eh.,. chpikfis rpwg;ghfg; NgZtjw;fhd rl;l rl;lfk; xd;iwc.eh.,. chpikfis rpwg;ghfg; NgZtjw;fhd rl;l rl;lfk; xd;iwc.eh.,. chpikfis rpwg;ghfg; NgZtjw;fhd rl;l rl;lfk; xd;iwc.eh.,. chpikfis rpwg;ghfg; NgZtjw;fhd rl;l rl;lfk; xd;iw

cUthf;fy;cUthf;fy;cUthf;fy;cUthf;fy;cUthf;fy;

gf;fk; 5

6.)6.)6.)6.)6.) cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd Njrpaf; nfhs;if xd;iw tFj;jy;cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd Njrpaf; nfhs;if xd;iw tFj;jy;cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd Njrpaf; nfhs;if xd;iw tFj;jy;cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd Njrpaf; nfhs;if xd;iw tFj;jy;cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd Njrpaf; nfhs;if xd;iw tFj;jy;

7.)7.)7.)7.)7.) c.eh., tplaj;Jf;F epWtdkag;gl;l Kf;fpa fz;Nzhl;lk; xd;iw toq;fy;c.eh., tplaj;Jf;F epWtdkag;gl;l Kf;fpa fz;Nzhl;lk; xd;iw toq;fy;c.eh., tplaj;Jf;F epWtdkag;gl;l Kf;fpa fz;Nzhl;lk; xd;iw toq;fy;c.eh., tplaj;Jf;F epWtdkag;gl;l Kf;fpa fz;Nzhl;lk; xd;iw toq;fy;c.eh., tplaj;Jf;F epWtdkag;gl;l Kf;fpa fz;Nzhl;lk; xd;iw toq;fy;

8.)8.)8.)8.)8.) cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHitAk; jk;Kila nraw;ghLfspy; xd;whf ,izj;Jcs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHitAk; jk;Kila nraw;ghLfspy; xd;whf ,izj;Jcs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHitAk; jk;Kila nraw;ghLfspy; xd;whf ,izj;Jcs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHitAk; jk;Kila nraw;ghLfspy; xd;whf ,izj;Jcs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHitAk; jk;Kila nraw;ghLfspy; xd;whf ,izj;J

Kd;ndLg;gjw;F Njrpa kdpj chpik epWtdq;fSf;F Cf;fk; mspj;jy;.Kd;ndLg;gjw;F Njrpa kdpj chpik epWtdq;fSf;F Cf;fk; mspj;jy;.Kd;ndLg;gjw;F Njrpa kdpj chpik epWtdq;fSf;F Cf;fk; mspj;jy;.Kd;ndLg;gjw;F Njrpa kdpj chpik epWtdq;fSf;F Cf;fk; mspj;jy;.Kd;ndLg;gjw;F Njrpa kdpj chpik epWtdq;fSf;F Cf;fk; mspj;jy;.

9.)9.)9.)9.)9.) jPHkhdk; Nkw;nfhs;sypy; c.eh.,. gq;fspg;ig cWjpnra;jy;jPHkhdk; Nkw;nfhs;sypy; c.eh.,. gq;fspg;ig cWjpnra;jy;jPHkhdk; Nkw;nfhs;sypy; c.eh.,. gq;fspg;ig cWjpnra;jy;jPHkhdk; Nkw;nfhs;sypy; c.eh.,. gq;fspg;ig cWjpnra;jy;jPHkhdk; Nkw;nfhs;sypy; c.eh.,. gq;fspg;ig cWjpnra;jy;

10.)10.)10.)10.)10.) ePbf;Fk; jPHTfSf;F MjuT toq;fy; ePbf;Fk; jPHTfSf;F MjuT toq;fy; ePbf;Fk; jPHTfSf;F MjuT toq;fy; ePbf;Fk; jPHTfSf;F MjuT toq;fy; ePbf;Fk; jPHTfSf;F MjuT toq;fy;

11.)11.)11.)11.)11.) gpur;rpidf;Fg; NghJkhd tsq;fs; xJf;Fjy; gpur;rpidf;Fg; NghJkhd tsq;fs; xJf;Fjy; gpur;rpidf;Fg; NghJkhd tsq;fs; xJf;Fjy; gpur;rpidf;Fg; NghJkhd tsq;fs; xJf;Fjy; gpur;rpidf;Fg; NghJkhd tsq;fs; xJf;Fjy;

12.)12.)12.)12.)12.) Njrpa Mw;wy; NghJkhdjha; ,y;yhj NghJ> rHtNjr r%fj;Jld; Njrpa Mw;wy; NghJkhdjha; ,y;yhj NghJ> rHtNjr r%fj;Jld; Njrpa Mw;wy; NghJkhdjha; ,y;yhj NghJ> rHtNjr r%fj;Jld; Njrpa Mw;wy; NghJkhdjha; ,y;yhj NghJ> rHtNjr r%fj;Jld; Njrpa Mw;wy; NghJkhdjha; ,y;yhj NghJ> rHtNjr r%fj;Jld;

xj;Jioj;jy;.xj;Jioj;jy;.xj;Jioj;jy;.xj;Jioj;jy;.xj;Jioj;jy;.

xl;Lnkhj;jkhfg; ghHf;Fkplj;J> ,e;j vy;iyf; NfhLfs;> cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT

epiyikfs; njhlHghd Njrpa nghWg;Glikiag; G+Hj;jp nra;tjw;fhd xU

rl;lfj;ijf; nfhz;Ls;sd.

,e;j Njrpa nghWg;Glikf;fhd rl;lfj;jpd; Nehf;fkhdJ> jk;Kila ehl;by;

cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd tplaq;fis mZFtjw;Fk; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fspd;

Njitfisg; G+h;j;jp nra;tjw;Fk; Ntz;ba topfhl;ly;fis murhq;fq;fSf;F

toq;FtjhFk;. ,jd;gb> ,jd; Kjd;ik ,yf;F cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT epiyikfspy;

murhq;fk; filg;gpbf;fNtz;ba gpujhd gbKiwfis ,dq;fhz;gjhFk;.

mNjNeuj;jpy;> Njrpa kdpj chpikfs; epWtdk;> gpuhe;jpa mikg;Gfs;> cjtp

toq;Fk; epWtdq;fs;> rptpy; r%f mikg;Gfs; Nghd;w Vida nraw;ghl;lhsHfspd;

Kf;fpa gq;fspg;igAk; rpyNtisfspy; mtw;wpd; nghWg;GfisAk; ,e;j rl;lfk;

nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,jd;gb ,e;jr; rl;lfkhdJ> rHtNjr epWtdq;fs;> Kftuikg;Gfs;>

epjpf;nfhil epWtdq;fs;> gpuhe;jpa mikg;Gfs;> Njrpa kdpj chpik epWtdq;fs;>

rptpy; r%f mikg;Gfs; Mfpatw;Wld;> c.eh.,lk;ngaHe;jtHfSf;Fk;> Njrpa

nghWg;Glik ve;jsT rpwg;ghf epiwNtw;wg;gLfpwJ vd;gijf; fz;fhzpg;gjw;Fk;

kjpg;gPL nra;tjw;Fk; Ntz;ba fUtpahfg; gad;gLtJld;> cs;ehl;by;

,lk;ngaHe;jtHfspd; chpikiag; ghJfhg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd ghpe;Jiuj;jy;

Kaw;rpfSf;fhd mbg;giliaAk; toq;Ffpd;wJ.

gf;fk; 6

cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghdcs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghdcs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghdcs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghdcs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd

mbg;gil topfhl;lw; Fwpg;Gfs;.mbg;gil topfhl;lw; Fwpg;Gfs;.mbg;gil topfhl;lw; Fwpg;Gfs;.mbg;gil topfhl;lw; Fwpg;Gfs;.mbg;gil topfhl;lw; Fwpg;Gfs;.

c.eh.,. f;F cjtpfs; toq;Ftjw;Fk;> mtHfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;Fkhd

Kf;fpa nghWg;G> mtHfsJ ehl;L mjpfhuj;ijNa rhUfpd;wJ. c.eh.,.

,d; chpikfisAk; mtHfs; njhlHghd murhq;fj;jpd; flg;ghLfisAk;

Fwpj;J epw;Fk; cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd mbg;gil topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfs;

KOtjpYk; ,J> Nfhbl;Lf; fhl;lg;gl;Ls;sJ. murhq;fq;fspd; Nfhhpf;iffspd; fPo;

cUthf;fg;gl;l ,e;j MtzkhdJ> If;fpa ehLfspd; nghJr;rigapdJk;> kdpj

chpikfs; Mizf;FOtpdJk; jPHkhdq;fspy; ntspg;gLj;jg;gl;ldtw;iw 30

Nfhl;ghLfspy; tpsf;Fk; ,e;j Mtzk;> Njrpa nghWg;Glik vd;gJ vtw;iwf;

nfhz;bUf;fNtz;Lk; vdj; njspTgLj;Jk; xU rl;lfj;ijf; nfhz;like;Js;sJ.

cz;ikapy; ,e;jf; Nfhl;ghLfs; cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd tplaq;fis

mZFtjw;fhd fUtpahfTk;> epakkhfTk; cyfshtpa hPjpapy; murhq;fq;fspdhy;

Vw;Wf; nfhs;sg;gl;Ls;sJld;> ,jidg; gad;gLj;Jtjw;Fk; ,J gw;wpa fUj;Jf;fisg;

gug;Gtjw;Fk; murhq;fq;fs; Cf;fg;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd.1

topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfis Nkk;gLj;JtJk; gug;GtJk; c.eh.,.,d; chpikfisAk;

tpNrl NjitfisAk; mq;fPfhpg;gjw;fhd xU tpNrl topKiwahfTk;> ,k;kf;fs;

njhlHghd murhq;fq;fspd; flg;ghLfis kPsmKy;;gLj;Jtjw;fhd xU fUtpahfTk;

gad;gLj;jg;glf;$bad.

,jd; njhlf;fkhf> ,e;jf; Nfhl;ghLfis cs;WH nkhopfspy; nkhopngaHg;gJ

kl;Lkd;wp mjid cs;WH kw;Wk; ntspehl;L mjpfhhpfs;> muR rhuh

nraw;ghl;lhsHfs;> mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fs; Mfpatw;Wf;Fg; gutyhf tpdpNahfpg;gJ

mtrpak;. ,J Nghd;Nw ,e;jf; Nfhl;ghLfs; Mjhukha; nfhz;Ls;s rHtNjr rl;l

epakq;fisf; Fwpj;J epw;Fk; tpsf;ff; Fwpg;GfisAk; ,t;thNw gutyilar;

nra;a Ntz;Lk;. mJ NghyNt> ,e;jf; Nfhl;ghLfis eilKiwg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

nray;Kiw tbtq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;s> topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfisg; gpuNahfpg;gjw;fhd

ifE}iyAk; gutyilar; nra;a Ntz;Lk;.2

topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfspYs;s gapw;rp KiwfSk;> mit rhHe;Js;s rHtNjr

kdpjNear; rl;lq;fspdJk;> jdpkdpjr; rl;lq;fspdJk; epakq;fSk; c.eh.,.d;

chpikfs; njhlHghfTk;> mtHfs; njhlHghd murhq;fj;jpd; nghWg;Glikfs;

gw;wpAk; tpopg;GzHit Vw;gLj;Jtjpy; ngWkjp tha;e;jit vd;gij ep&gpj;Js;sd.

cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd Njrpa kl;l nraykHT elhj;JtJ ,e;j

topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfs; gw;wpa tpopg;GzHit Vw;gLj;Jtjw;F ,d;ndhU gaDs;s

topKiwahFk;. ,j;jifa nraykHTfs;> cs;WH> gpuhe;jpa> kw;Wk; Njrpa kl;l

murhq;f mjpfhhpfisAk; cs;WH m.rh.epWtdq;fs;> rptpy; r%f mikg;Gfs;>

rHtNjr epWtdq;fs; Mfpatw;Wld; Fwpg;ghf c.eh.,. r%fg; gpujp epjpfisAk;

xd;wpizj;J Nfhl;ghLfs; njhlHgpy; cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd tplaq;fs;

gw;wp fye;JiuahLtjhAk;> ,g;gpur;rpidia mZFtjw;fhd $l;L je;jpNuhghaj;ij

Cf;fg;gLj;jtjhAk; mika Ntz;Lk;.

gf;fk; 7

,jw;F Nkyhff; Nfhl;ghLfs;> ntt;NtW ehLfspYk; cs;s epyikfisf;

fz;fhzpg;gjw;F Ntz;ba Kf;fpa rl;lfkhfTk; gzpahw;WfpwJ. mj;Jld;> cs;ehl;L

,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd tplaq;fisf; ifahStjw;fhd Njrpa rl;lq;fisAk;>

nfhs;iffisAk; cUthf;Ftjw;F Ntz;ba topfhl;ly;fisAk; ,J toq;Ffpd;wJ.

cz;ikapy;> I.eh. gpufldq;fSk; murhq;fq;fs; topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfisg;3

gpd;gw;wp jk;Kila cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fSf;F Ntz;ba cjtpiaAk;>

ghJfhg;igAk; toq;ff;$bajhd Njrpa rl;lq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F Cf;fk;

toq;Ffpd;wJ. xl;Lnkhj;jj;jpy;> topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfshdit> cs;ehl;L

,lg;ngaHTf;Fj; Njrpa kw;Wk; rHtNjr tpisT fhl;lYf;fhd xU epak rl;lfk;

xd;iw toq;Ffpd;wd.

gf;fk; 8

Njrpa tpisTfhl;lypd;Njrpa tpisTfhl;lypd;Njrpa tpisTfhl;lypd;Njrpa tpisTfhl;lypd;Njrpa tpisTfhl;lypd;

mbg;gil Fzhk;rq;fs;mbg;gil Fzhk;rq;fs;mbg;gil Fzhk;rq;fs;mbg;gil Fzhk;rq;fs;mbg;gil Fzhk;rq;fs;

Njjrpa tpisT fhl;ly; vd;gjw;fhd tiutpyf;fzk;> cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT

njhlHghd midj;J epiyikfisAk;> c.eh.,. ,d; tiffisAk;

cs;slf;f Ntz;ba NjitAs;sJ. Fwpg;ghf> cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT

njhlHghd Njrpa nghWg;GlikahdJ> ntt;Ntwhd tplaq;fisAk; fUj;jpy;

nfhz;ljhf cs;slf;fpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

• midj;J fhuzpfSk;:midj;J fhuzpfSk;:midj;J fhuzpfSk;:midj;J fhuzpfSk;:midj;J fhuzpfSk;: cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHTf;fhd Njrpa nghWg;GlikahdJ>

Kuz;ghL> r%ff; fytuk;> jPtpukhd kdpj chpik kPwy;fs;> ,aw;if kw;Wk;

kdpjdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l mopTfs;> mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs; Mfpait fhuzkhf

,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs; midtUf;Fk; nghUj;jkhdJ. NtnwhU thhj;ijapy;

$Wtjhdhy;> cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHTg; gpur;rpidia mZFk; Kiwfs;> topfhl;lw;

Nfhl;ghl;by; fhzg;gLk; c.eh., ahtH vd;w tiutpyf;fzj;jpy; mlq;Fk;

midj;J c.eh., f;Fk; mD$yq;fs; toq;ff;$bajhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. ,jpy;

c.eh.,. ahtH vd;W gpd;tUkhW tpsf;fg;gLfpwJ.

...Fwpg;ghf MAj Kuz;ghL fhuzkhf my;yJ mjd; ghjfkhd

#o;epiyfspypUe;J jg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf> nghJ td;Kiw> kdpj chpik

kPwy;fs;> ,aw;if my;yJ kdpjdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l mopTfs; Nghd;wtw;wpd;

fhuzkhf> jk;Kila tPLfs;> guk;giu thoplq;fs; Mfpatw;wypUe;J

ntspNaWk; my;yJ ntspNaw epHg;ge;jpf;fg;gLk;> my;yJ gyte;jkhf

ntspNaw;wg;gLfpd;w Mdhy;> jk;Kila ehl;L rHtNjr vy;iyfis tpl;L

ntspNawhj kf;fs; ,tHfs;.

,lg;ngaHTf;fhd fhuzj;ijg; nghWj;jtiuapy;> c.eh.,.Njitfs; NtWgl;lhYk;>

midj;J c.eh.,.Uk; jk;Kila murhq;fj;jplkpUe;J ghJfhg;igAk;> cjtpiaAk;

ngWtjw;fhd chpj;JilatHfs; vd;gijf; ftdpf;f Ntz;Lk;. MfNt Njrpa

nghWg;Glik vd;gJ> c.eh.,. ,lg;ngaHTf;fhd fhuzk; vJthdhYk; vt;tpj

ghugl;rq;fSkpd;wp cjtpAk; guhkhpg;Gk; ngWfpwhHfs; vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;JtJ

MFk;.

• midj;J FOf;fSk;:midj;J FOf;fSk;:midj;J FOf;fSk;:midj;J FOf;fSk;:midj;J FOf;fSk;: ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fspy; ngz;fspdJk; rpWtHfspdJk;

vz;zpf;if mjpfhpj;J tUfpwJ. mtHfSf;F Njitg;gLk; ghJfhg;G> cjtp

kw;Wk; FLk;gj;jpdUld; kPspiztjw;fhd xj;jhir vd;gd vg;nghOJk;

Gwf;fzpf;fg;gLfpd;wdtha; my;yJ> Kd;DhpikAld; Nehf;fg;glhjdtha; cs;sd.

,ij tpl Nkyhf ngz;fSk; rpWtHfSk; Fwpg;ghf Atjpfs; cjtpfisg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpYk;> jk;Kila nrhe;jg; ngahpy; Mtzq;fis itj;jpUg;gjpYk;>

fy;tp> tUkhdk; <l;Lk; njhopy;tha;g;Gf;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpYk; jk;Kila

Njitfs; gw;wp Fuy; vOg;GtjpYk; ghugl;rq;fis vjpH Nehf;Ffpd;wdH. c.eh.,.

r%fj;jpd; kj;jpapy;> ngz;fs; jiyik tfpf;Fk; FLk;gq;fs;> jdpj;JthOk;

gf;fk; 9

,sk; guhaj;jtH> tYf;Fiwe;NjhH kw;Wk; KjpatHfs; MfpNahUf;F Kd;Dhpik

toq;fg;gl;L mtHfsJ gpur;rpidfs; jPHf;fg;gl;Ls;sd vd;gij cWjpg;gLj;Jk;

nghWg;G Njrpa mjpfhuj;ij rhUk;. cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT > rpWghd;ik

,dj;jtiuAk;> RNjrpa kf;fisAk;> twpa fpuhkj;jtiuAk; mjpfk; ghjpf;fpd;wJ.

,lk;ngaHe;jJk;> Vw;fdNtNa Xuq;fl;lg;gl;l ,e;jf; FOtpdH> ,dk;>rhjp> my;yJ

fUj;jpay; ghFghLfshy;> ghJfhg;igAk;> cjtpiaAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjpy; NkYk;

ghugl;rq;fis vjpH Nehf;Ffpd;wdH. ,J> mtHfspd; eypTw;wjd;ikia NkYk;

mjpfhpg;gjha; tpsq;Fk;. nkhopj; jilfshy; murhq;f mjpfhhpfSld; jkJ

fUj;Jf;fis ghpkhWtjpYk; jk;Kila chpikfs; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;tjpYk;

ngUk; f\;lj;ij vjpHNehf;Ffpd;wdH. NkYk;> RNjrpa kf;fisg; nghWj;jtiuapy;>

mtHfs; epyj;Jld; kpfTk; neUq;fpa gpizg;G nfhz;bUg;gjhy;> ,lg;ngaHT

vd;gJ mtHfisg; nghWj;jstpy; mjpf ghjpg;G cz;Lgz;Ztjha;

tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHTf;fhd Njrpa tpisT fhl;ly; vd;gJ>

ghugl;rkpd;ik vd;w Nfhl;ghl;bdbg;gilapy; topelhj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. cz;ikapy;>

Njrpa tpisT fhl;lyhdJ> mePjp> rKjha NtWghLfs; Mfpatw;iwj; Njw;Wtpj;J

r%fq;fisr; rpjwbj;J cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHit J}z;Lk; ehl;bd; r%f

nghUshjhu murpay; ,ilntspfSf;F ghpfhuk; nra;af;$bajhf tpsq;fNtz;Lk;.

• midj;J NjitfSk;:midj;J NjitfSk;:midj;J NjitfSk;:midj;J NjitfSk;:midj;J NjitfSk;: cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHTf;fhd Njrpa nghWg;GlikahdJ>

vy;yh tpOkpaq;fs; njhlHgpYk; ,g;gpur;rpid mZfg;glNtz;Lk; vd;gij Ntz;b

epw;fpd;wJ. czT> Rj;jkhd FbePH> tjptplk;> kUj;Jt ftdpg;G kw;Wk; Vida

kdpjNea cjtpfis c.eh.,. ngw;Wf; nfhs;tJ Kf;fpakhdJ. ,Ue;j NghjpYk;>

ghJfhg;igAk; cjtpiaAk; toq;ff;$ba xUq;fpize;j mZFKiw xd;wpNy

Njrpa tpisTfhl;lypd; tpidj;jpwd; jq;fpAs;sJld; mjid Ntz;bAk;

epw;fpd;wJ. ,aw;if mdHj;jq;fs; Vw;gLk; NtisapYk; ,J cz;ikahAs;sJ.

epthuzg; nghUl;fs; kpfTk; mtrpakhd Njitg;ghlhf ,Ue;jhYk;> jPtpukhd

ghJfhg;Gg; gpur;rpidfSk; ,jd;NghJ voyhk;. ,ijtpl ghJfhg;gpd; %ykhf

murpay; kw;Wk; r%f chpikfNshL> r%f> nghUshjhu kw;Wk; fyhr;rhu

chpikfspd; jd;ikAk; ntspg;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wJ.

• midj;J fl;lq;fSk;:midj;J fl;lq;fSk;:midj;J fl;lq;fSk;:midj;J fl;lq;fSk;:midj;J fl;lq;fSk;: ,lg;ngaHtpd; midj;J fl;lq;fspYk; Njrpa nghWg;Glik

ePz;L nry;fpd;wJ. ,jDs;> jd;dpr;iahf epfOk; ,lg;ngaHitj; jLj;jy;>

kf;fs; ,lk;ngaHe;jJk; mtHfspd; ghJfhg;igAk; eyidAk; cWjpg;gLj;jy;>

tpUg;gj;jpdbg;gilapy; ghJfhg;ghd #o;epiyapy; kPsj; jpUk;Gjy; my;yJ

kPs;FbNaw;wk;> kPs;xUq;fpizg;G vd;gtw;Wf;F cjTtjd; %yk; mtHfSila

Jau epiyf;F ePz;l jPHT xd;iw toq;ff;$ba #o;epiyia cUthf;fy;

Nghd;wit cs;slq;Ffpd;wd. “cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT KbTf;F te;j gpd;dH”Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba eltbf;iffs; gw;wpa jPHkhdkhdJ> cs;ehl;by; ,lk;

ngaHe;Njhhpd; kdpjchpikfs; kjpf;fg;gLtij cWjpnra;Ak; Fwpf;Nfhs;

tifg;gLj;jiy mbg;gilahff; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.4

• murhq;fj;jpd; midj;J chpa kl;lq;fSk; gphpTfSk;:murhq;fj;jpd; midj;J chpa kl;lq;fSk; gphpTfSk;:murhq;fj;jpd; midj;J chpa kl;lq;fSk; gphpTfSk;:murhq;fj;jpd; midj;J chpa kl;lq;fSk; gphpTfSk;:murhq;fj;jpd; midj;J chpa kl;lq;fSk; gphpTfSk;: cz;ikapy; xU

Njrpaehlhf ,Uf;Fkhdhy;> cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd murhq;fj;jpd;

tpisT fhl;ly; murhq;fj;jpd; midj;J kl;lq;fspYk; gpujpgypf;f Ntz;Lk;.

gf;fk; 10

epr;rakhf jiyefiur; NrHe;j mjpfhhpfs; cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd

murhq;fj;jpd; tpisTfhl;liy tbtikg;gjpy; fhj;jpukhd gq;F tfpf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,Ue;j NghjpYk;> gpuhe;jpa kw;Wk; cs;WH kl;lq;fspy; cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j

r%fj;Jld; Neubahfj; njhlHGfis Nkw;nfhs;Sk; mjpfhhpfs;> fsj;jpy; Njrpa

nghWg;Glik vd;gJ nraw;jpwd; kpf;fjha; mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ vd;gij

cWjpnra;tjpy; Kf;fpa gq;fspg;G nra;aNtz;Lk;. ,ijtpl Nkyhf> Njrpa

tpisT fhl;ly; vd;gJ kdpjNeak;> kdpj chpikfs;> Rfhjhuk;> tPlikg;G>

fy;tp> mgptpUj;jp kw;Wk; murpay; cs;spl;l murhq;fj;jpd; chpa midj;J

gphpTfspdJk; xd;WNrHe;j gq;fspg;ig Ntz;b epw;fpd;wJ. c.eh.,. ,d; ngsjpfg;

ghJfhg;ig cWjpnra;Ak; ,uhZtk;> kw;Wk; fhty; Jiw gw;wpAk; tpNrlkhff;

Fwpg;gplg;glNtz;Lk;.

• midj;J ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fSk;:midj;J ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fSk;:midj;J ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fSk;:midj;J ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fSk;:midj;J ghjpf;fg;gl;l gpuNjrq;fSk;: cs;ehl;L MAj Kuz;ghL epfOk;

gpuNjrq;fspy; ehl;bd; midj;J gFjpfisAk; fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fs; itj;jpUf;f

murhq;fj;jhy; KbahjpUf;fyhk;. cyfk; KOtjpYk;> kpy;ypad; fzf;fhd

c.eh.,. muR rhuhj nraw;ghl;lhsHfspd; fl;Lg;ghl;bYk;> murhq;fj;jpd; cjtpNah

my;yJ ghJfhg;Ngh fpilf;fhj gFjpapYk; fhzg;gLfpwhHfs;. Njrpa

nghWg;Glikapd; tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f nraw;ghlhdJ> ,e;j cs;ehl;by;

,lk;ngaHe;NjhUf;F cjtpfs; toq;fy;> mtw;iwg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd

trjpfis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLj;jy;> mtw;iw ,yFgLj;jy; vd;gtw;iw Ntz;b

epw;fpd;wd. ,e;j tplaq;fs; njhlHgpy; kdpjNea mk;rq;fis cs;slf;FtjhdJ

muR rhuh nraw;ghl;lhsHfSf;Fk; mtHfspd; nghWg;Glik gw;wp

epidT+l;Ltjw;fhd tha;g;ghf ,Uf;Fk;. rHtNjr kdpjNear; rl;lq;fs;> topfhl;lw;

Nfhl;ghLfs; Mfpait $l cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;NjhUf;fhd ghJfhg;igAk;

cjtpiaAk; toq;f Ntz;ba nghWg;Gilaitaha; cs;sd. MfNt

murhq;fkhdJ> m.rh.ep;> Njthyaf; FOtpdH> epjpAjtp toq;Fk; ehLfs; my;yJ

I.eh Nghd;w mikg;Gf;fspd; Mjuit xd;W jpul;b c.eh.,. f;F cjtpfs;

toq;Ftijg; ngWkjpahf vz;Zfpd;wJ. mJkl;Lkd;wp c.eh.,. thOk;

#o;epiyapd; Kuz;ghLfis jPHg;gjw;Fk; muR rhuh nraw;ghl;lhsHfspd;

fl;Lg;ghl;by; tjpAk; c.eh.,.f;F ghJfhg;igAk; cjtpiaAk; toq;Ftjw;Fk;

,J cjtpahf mikAk;.

gf;fk; 11

1

Njrpa nghWg;Glikapd;Njrpa nghWg;Glikapd;Njrpa nghWg;Glikapd;Njrpa nghWg;Glikapd;Njrpa nghWg;Glikapd;

vy;iyf; NfhLfs;vy;iyf; NfhLfs;vy;iyf; NfhLfs;vy;iyf; NfhLfs;vy;iyf; NfhLfs;

topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghl;by; jug;gl;Ls;s rhjhuz rl;lfKk; nfhs;if

mbg;gilapyhd rl;lfKk; Njrpa nghWg;Glikapd; mbg;gilf;

Fzhk;rq;fis ,dq;fz;Ls;sd. Mf;fG+Htkhd gbKiwfs;> cs;ehl;L

,lg;ngaHTld; njhlHghd gpur;rpidia mZFtjw;fhd Njrpa nghWg;Glik

vtw;iwf; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk; vdj; njspTgLj;Jtjw; fhd mtrpaKk;

vOe;Js;sJ. Njrpa nghWg;Glikapd; jpl;ltl;lkhd tiuaiwfs; my;yJ vy;iyf;

NfhLfs; cz;ikapy; ,dq;fhzg;glf; $bad. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;Njhhpd;

chpikfisg; ghJfhg;gJ njhlHgpy; Njrpa nghWg;Glikia tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f

Kiwapy; nraw;gLj;Jtjw;F murhq;fk; Fwpg;ghf 12 gpujhd gbKiwfisf; iff;

nfhs;syhk;. tpsf;fkhd ePz;l gl;bayhf ,y;yhtpl;lhYk;> cs;ehl;by;

,lk;ngaHe;NjhUf;F ghJfhg;Gk;> cjtpAk; toq;Ftjw;fhf murhq;fq;fs; gpd;gw;Wk;

gl;rj;jpy;> Kf;fpa ngWNgWfisj; juf;$bajhd Njrpa nghWg;Glik vd;gij

czHe;J nfhs;s tif nra;Ak; gpujhd Vw;ghLfis ,e;j vy;iyf; NfhLfs;

nfhz;Ls;sd.

jLg;GjLg;GjLg;GjLg;GjLg;G

KjyhtJk; jiyahaJkhd nraw;ghL jLg;G MFk;. topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfspd;

epkpj ;jk; ( ruj;J 5-9) kf;fis mtHfs; thOk; gpuNjrj;jpypUe;J

,lk;ngaur;nra;af;$ba epiyg;ghLfis jtpHg;gjw;Fk; jLg;gjw;Fk;> jtpHf;fKbahj

,lg;ngaHTfisf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk;> mjd; ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fisf; Fiwg;gjw;Fk;>

#o;epiyapd; Njitg;ghl;Lf;F Nkyhf ve;jnthU ,lg;ngaHTk; ePbf;fhjpUg;gij

cWjpnra;tjw;Fk; murhq;fk; nghWg;G nfhz;Ls;sJ.

Fwpg;ghf> jd;dpr;irahd ,lg;ngaHtpypUe;J jdpegH xt;nthUtUk; ghJfhf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j tifapy;> ,lg;ngaHitj; jLf;Fk; je;jpNuhghaq;fs; kdpj chpikfs;>

rHtNjr kdpjNear; rl;lq;fs; Mfpatw;iw kjpf;Fk; #o;epiy xd;W

cUthf;fg;gLtJld;> mr;RWj;jYf;F cs;shff;$ba kf;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;F

Kd;ndr;rhpf;if toq;Fk; eilKiwfs;> ,lHfhyj;jpy; Jhpj eltbf;if

Nkw;nfhs;Sk; eilKiwfs; Nghd;wtw;iw tFg;gJ murhq;fk; xd;Wf;F

Kf;fpakhdJ.

kf;fspd; ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; ve;jj; jPHkhdq;fSk;

rl;lg+HtkhdjhfTk;> ruj;J 7y; njspTgLj;jg;gl;l cj;juthjq;fSld;

,zq;fpg;NghtjhfTk;> epge;jidfis G+Hj;jpnra;tjhfTk; fhzg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

mjpfhhpfs;> ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfSf;F Kiwahd jq;Fkplk; toq;fg;gl;Ls;sij

cWjpnra;Ak; eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. ve;jnthU ,lg;ngaHTk;>

ghJfhg;G> Nghrhf;F> MNuhf;fpak;> Rfhjhuk; Mfpad epyTfpd;w> FLk;g mq;fj;jtHfs;

vtUk; gphpe;jplhky; cs;s #oypy; ,lk;ngwNtz;Lk;. MAj Kuz;ghLfs; my;yJ

gf;fk; 12

2

mdHj;jq;fs; epyTk; mrhjhuz #o;epiyfspy; ,lg;ngaHT epfOkhdhy;> Njrpa

mjpfhhpfspdhy; fPo;tUk; gbKiwfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glNtz;Lk;.

� ,j;jifa ,lg;ngaHit mq;fPfhpf;Fk; jpl;ltl;lkhd jPHkhdk; rl;lhPjpahf

Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l muR mjpfhuk; xd;wpdhy;> Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lJ vd;gJ

cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

� ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfSf;F ,lg;ngaHTf;fhd fhuzj;ijAk;> mjd;Nghjhd

eilKiwfisAk; mwpaj;jUtJld;> nghUj;jkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy;> el;l<L>

,lkhw;wk; Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd Vw;ghLfs; gw;wpAk; njhptpf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

� ,lk;ngau ,Ug;gtHfspd; Rje;jpukhd > gfpuq;fkhd ,zf;fj;ijg; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

� ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfspd; ,lkhw;wk; njhlHghd jpl;lkply; kw;Wk;

Kfhikj;Jtj;jpy; ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfisAk; Fwpg;ghf ngz;fisAk;

cs;slf;Fjy;.

� nraw;jpwd;kpf;f jPHthf ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfspd; chpikia cWjpg;gLj;jy;

midj;ijAk; cs;slf;fpAs;s Nfhl;ghL vd;w mbg;gilapy;> ,lg;ngaHT

vd;gJ ghjpf;fg;gl;Nlhhpd; tho;tjw;fhd chpik> nfsutk;> Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G

vd;gtw;iw kPWtjhf tpsq;ff;$lhJ. ,ijtpl Nkyhf> RNjrpa kf;fs;>

rpWghd;ikapdH> tptrhaf; Fbkf;fs;> kjNghjfHfs; kw;Wk; jkJ epyj;jpy; tpNrlkhfj;

jq;fpapUf;Fk; kf;fs; FOtpdH Nghd;NwhH vjpHnfhs;s NehpLk; ,lg;ngaHtpypUe;J

mtHfisg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;ba nghWg;G murhq;fq;fSf;F cz;L.

gpur;rpid gw;wpa Njrpa topg;GzHT+l;ly;gpur;rpid gw;wpa Njrpa topg;GzHT+l;ly;gpur;rpid gw;wpa Njrpa topg;GzHT+l;ly;gpur;rpid gw;wpa Njrpa topg;GzHT+l;ly;gpur;rpid gw;wpa Njrpa topg;GzHT+l;ly;

cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT xd;W ,lk;ngWk;nghOJ> murhq;fk; xd;W jd;Dila

gpuNjrj;jpy; gpur;rpid epyTfpd;wJ vd;gij Vw;Wf;nfhs;tJk;> mjw;F nghWg;Gld;

jPHTfhz;gJk;; tpidj;jpwd;kpf;f Kiwapy; Njrpa tpisT fhl;ly; xd;iw

Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd KjyhtJ gbKiwahFk;. nghJ mwptpj;jy;fs;> Clfq;fisg;

gad;gLj;jy;> cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH gpur;rpidia mZFtjw;fhd

murhq;fj;jpd; mgptpUj;jp je;jpNuhghaq;fs; Mfpait ,g;gpur;rpidia mq;fPfhpf;Fk;

xU topKiwahfTk;> mjidj; jPHf;Fk; nghWg;ig Vw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; xU

topKiwahfTk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. murhq;fk; topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfis mq;fPfhpj;J

mjidg; gad;gLj;j Kd;tUtjhdJ> c.eh.,. ,d; tpNrl NjitfisAk;;> mj;

Njitfisg; G+Hj;jp nra;J mtHfspd; chpikfisg; ghJfhf;Fk; flg;ghl;ilAk;

murhq;fk; Vw;Wf;nfhz;Ls;sJ vd;gjw;fhd Kf;fpakhd Fwpfhl;bahFk;.

cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHit Ghpe;Jnfhs;tjw;F> gpur;rpid gw;wpa topg;GzHit

Vw;gLj;JtJ mtrpak;. ,t;tplak; gw;wp Njrpa ,zf;fg;ghl;il fl;bnaOg;gy;>

gf;fk; 13

3

neUf;fb epiyia RKfkhf;Ftjw;F Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sy; Nghd;wtw;Wf;F

Njrpastpy; Kd;Dhpik toq;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,J> ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH kj;jpapy; Njrpa

xw;Wikia Cf;Ftpj;jiyAk; cs;slf;fpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. ,J mtHfspd;

ghJfhg;Gf;Fk;> mNdf re;jHg;gq;fspy; c.eh.,.r%fk; vjpHNehf;Fk; ,d> rhjp>

kw;Wk; fUj;jpay; ghFghLfis Kwpabg;gjw;Fk; Kf;fpakhFk;. ,e;j ghFghLfs;>

c.eh.,. NkYk;> Mgj;Jf;Fl;gLj;Jk;> jk;Kila Njitfis ntspg;gLj;Jtjpy;

mtHfis jaf;fk; nfhs;sr; nra;Ak;. mtHfspd; ntspg;glh jd;ikia NkYk;

,Wf;fkhf ;Fk ; > mjpfh pj ;JtUk; jho ;j ;jg ;gLjy; fhuzkhf mtHfs;

kPsxUq;fpiztijf; fbdkhf;Fk;.

Njrpa topg;GzHTl;liy Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd Kaw;rpfs;> ,uhZtk;> nghyp];

cs;slq;fyhf> chpa mjpfhuq;fs; midj;ijAk; vl;lf;$bajhd $UzHT+l;Lk;

eltbf;iffis cs;slf;fpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld;> nghJ kf;fisAk; vl;bapUf;f

Ntz;Lk;. mg;NghJjhd;> cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHTld; njhlHghd gpur;rpidia

mZFtjw;fhd Njrpa nghWg;GlikahdJ> gyuhYk; mDrhpf;fg;gLk;

nfhs;ifahfTk;> r%fj;jpd; midj;J gphpTfshYk; mKy; gLj;jg;gLtjhfTk;

tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. ,j;jifa eltbf;iffs;> rptpy; r%fj;jpdJk;> ,lk;ngaHe;j

kf;fspdJk; fye;jhNyhrid %yk; cUthf;fg;gLk;NghJ kpfTk; tpidj;jpwd;

kpf;fjha; tpsq;Fk;. cz;ikapy;> cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd nghJj; jfty;

eltbf;iffspd; Kf;fpa mq;fk; > c.eh.,.f;F cjtpfs; toq;Ftjpy; <Lgl;bUf;Fk;

rptpy; r%ff; FOf;fs;> cs;WH m.rh.ep.fs; Mfpatw;wpd; kdpjNea cjtpfis

nghJkf;fSf;Fk; murhq;f epWtdq;fSf;Fk; njhpag;gLj;JtjhFk;. mj;Jld;>

jk;Kila capUf;F Mgj;J epfof;$ba epiyikfspy; Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;s

Ntz;ba fl;lhaj;jpypUf;Fk; ,tHfs; rHgpy;> ghpe;Jiuj;jy; nraw;ghLfis

Nkw;nfhs;tJk; MFk;.

juT Nrfhpg;GjuT Nrfhpg;GjuT Nrfhpg;GjuT Nrfhpg;GjuT Nrfhpg;G

cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfspd;; Njitfisg; G+Hj;jp nra;tjw;Fk;> mtHfspd;

chpikfisg ghJfhg;gjw;Fkhf nraw;jpwd;kpf;f nfhs;iffisAk; epfo;r;rpj;

jpl;lq;fisAk; tbtikg;gjw;Fk; mtHfspd; vz;zpf;if> miktplk;> epiyg;ghL

Mfpait gw;wpa ek;gfkhd jfty;fs; mtrpakhFk;.

juTfs; taJ> ghy;epiy> kw;Wk; Vida Kf;fpa Fwpfhl;bfspdbg;ilapy;

gphpTgLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mg;nghOJjhd;> c.eh.,.; ,y; mlq;Fk; ngz;fs; jiyik

tfpf;Fk; FLk;gq;fs;> mdhjuthd rpwpNahH> taJte;NjhH> tYtpoe;NjhH> rpWghd;ik

,dj;jtH kw;Wk; RNjrpa kf;fs; Nghd;w tpNrl FOf;fisr; NrHe;jtHfspd;

NjitfSf;F NghJkhd mstpy; jPHT fhzg;gLk;. ,J midj;J c.eh.,.

tiffisAk; cs;slf;f Ntz;Lk;. mtHfs; Kfhk;fspypUe;jhYk;> cwtpdHfs;

ez;gHfs; tPLfspy; jq;fpapUe;jhYk; my;yJ Ntnwe;j FbapUg;Gfspy; tho;e;jhYk;

,tHfs; midtiuAk; cs;slf;fNtz;ba mtrpak; cz;L. mj;Jld; MAj

Kuz;ghl;bdhy;> td;Kiwapdhy;> kdpj chpik kPwypdhy; kw;Wk; ,aw;if

mdHj;jq;fs;> mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs;> kw;Wk; NtWgy fhuzq;fs; Nghd;wtw;wpdhy;

gf;fk; 14

4

,lk;ngaHe;NjhH njhlHgpYk; ftdk; nrYj;jg;glNtz;Lk;. ,ijtpl Nkyhf> c.eh.,.d;

mtrufhy epiyikfs; gw;wp kl;Lky;yhJ> ,lg;ngaHT fhuzkhf c.eh.,.Njitfs;

fhyj;Jf;F fhyk; khWtjhy; ePz;Lnry;Yk; gpur;rpidfs; gw;wpa jfty;fSk;

clDf;Fld; ,w;iwg;gLj;jg;gl;L mwpaj;jug;glNtz;Lk;. fpsHr;rpf;FOf;fspd;

fl;Lg;ghl;Lf;Fl;gl;l gpuNjrq;fspy; tjpAk; c.eh.,. kf;fspd; tpguq;fis cs;slf;fpa

jfty;fis Nrfhpg;gjpYk; Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;glNtz;Lk;.

c.eh.,. gw;wpa jfty;fis Nrfhpg;gjpy; <LgLj;jg;gLk; Kaw;rpfs;> ve;jxU

tpjj;jpYk; mtHfspd; ghJfhg;Gf;Nfh my;yJ Rje;jpukhd elkhl;lj;Jf;Nfh Fe;jfk;

tpistpf;ff; $lhJ. Fwpg;ghf> jk;ikg; gw;wp mwpaj;jUtjpy; mr;rk; nfhz;bUf;Fk;>

my;yJ mt;thW nra;tjw;F Fiwthd Cf;Ftpg;igg; ngWk;> my;yJ XOq;fhd

Mtzq;fs; vjidAk; nfhz;bUf;fhj ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fspd; epiyik njhlHghf

$UzHT nfhz;bUg;gJ mtrpakhdJ. jfty; Nrfhpg;ghdJ> cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j

kf;fis ghJfhg;gjw;Fk; mtHfSf;F cjTtjw;Fk; Kd;dpw;f Ntz;Lk;. cs;WH

m.rh.ep.fs;> kw;Wk; Muha;r;rpahsHfs;> rHtNjr epWtdq;fs; kw;Wk; m.rh.ep.fs;

Nghd;wit ,lk; ngaHe;j kf;fs; njhlHghd jfty;fis Nrfhpg;gjpy; mDgtKk;

jpwikAk; nfhz;L tpsq;Ffpd;wd. mj;Jld;> murhq;fj;jpd; juT Nrfhpf;Fk;

Kaw;rpfis ,yFgLj;Jtjw;fhf ,tw;wpd; cjtpiag; ngw;Wf; nfhs;syhk;.

xl;Lnkhj;jj;jpy;> xUehl;bd; cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH gw;wpa juT Nrfhpf;Fk;

Kaw;rpfs;> c.eh.,. iu ghJfhf;Fk; cjtp toq;Fk; Kaw;rpfis tphpTgLj;Jk;

Nehf;Fld; rhpahd Gs;sptpguq;fisf; nfhz;l juTfis> Njitfs;> epiyg;ghLfs;

gw;wpa rhpahd tpguq;fis ngw;Wf;nfhs;tij ,yf;fhff; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

MfNt juT Nrfhpf;Fk; Kaw;rpfshdit Nehf;fj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L

jpl;lkplg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;. juT Nrfhpg;G Kaw;rpfspy; my;yJ Vida epHthf

eltbf;iffspy;> (gjpT nra;Ak; nrad;Kiw cs;slq;fyhf) c.eh.,.

gq;Fgw;wpapUe;jhYk;> ,y;yhtpl;lhYk; jk;Kila murhq;fj;jplkpUe;J ghJfhg;igAk;

cjtpiaAk; mDgtpf;Fk; rl;l chpj;Jfspy; mJ vJtpj jhf;fj;ijAk;

cz;Lgz;zhJ.

c.eh.,. ,d; chpikfs; njhlHghd gapw;rp toq;fy;.c.eh.,. ,d; chpikfs; njhlHghd gapw;rp toq;fy;.c.eh.,. ,d; chpikfs; njhlHghd gapw;rp toq;fy;.c.eh.,. ,d; chpikfs; njhlHghd gapw;rp toq;fy;.c.eh.,. ,d; chpikfs; njhlHghd gapw;rp toq;fy;.

c.eh.,. ,d;; chpikfs; njhlHghf murhq;f cj;jpNahfj;jHfSf;F gapw;rp

toq;Ftjd; %yk;> cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;Njhiu ghJfhg;gJ> mtHfSf;F cjtpfs;

toq;FtJ njhlHghd mtHfspd; nghWg;Gfs; gw;wpa tpopg ;GzHit

Cl;lf;$bajhftpUf;Fk;. ,J> ,e;j nghWg;Gfis nraw;jpwd; kpf;f tifapy;

epiwNtw;Wtjw;F Ntz;ba murhq;fj;jpd; Mw;wiyAk; gjpyspf;Fk; jd;ikiaAk;

fl;bnaOg;Gtjpd; xU mq;fkhFk;. Fwpg;ghf> gapw;rp toq;Fjy;> fPo;tUk; gphptpdiu

,yf;fhff; nfhz;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;:

� Njrpa kl;lj;jpyhd murhq;fj;jpd; nfhs;if tFg;ghsHfs;

� ,lk;ngaHe;NjhUld; Neubj; njhlHGfisg; NgZfpd;w> fsj;jpy; murhq;fj;jpd;

nfhs;iffisAk; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fisAk; mKy;gLj;Jtjw;F nghWg;ghf

gf;fk; 15

tpsq;Fk; gpuhe;jpa kl;l kw;Wk; cs;WH kl;lj;jpyhd murmjpfhhpfs;.

� c.eh.,. ghJfhg;ig cWjpg;gLj;jtjpy; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpg;gjhf

vjpHghHf;fg;gLk; ,uhZtj;jpdUk; nghyprhUk;.

� c.eh.,. Kfhk; mjpfhhpfSk;> kdphNeag;gzpfSf;Fk; kdpjchpikfspd;

ghJfhg;Gf;Fk; nghWg;ghd cj;jpNahfj;jHfSk;.

� Njrpa kdpjchpik epiyaq;fspd; MizahsHfSk; CopaHfSk;

� rl;lthf;fj;jpd; cUthf;fj;jpy; Kf;fpa gq;F tfpf;Fk; ghuhSkd;w

mq;fj;jtHfs;.

� rptpy; r%fj;jpw;F c.eh.,. chpikfs; njhlHghd gapw;rp toq;Ftij

murhq;fq;fs; tuNtw;f Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; kpfKf;fpakhf ,Jgw;wp c.eh.,.

fSf;Fk; jk;Kila chpikfs; gw;wp mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhf gapw;rpaspf;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk;.

gapw;rpahdJ> topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;ljw;fpzq;f c.eh.,.

chpikfisAk;> mtHfs; njhlHghd murhq;fj;jpd; nghWg;GfisAk; cs;slf;f

Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld; jLg;G Kjy; ePz;l fhy jPHTfs; tiuahd ,lg;ngaHtpd;

midj;J fl;lq;fisAk; ,J cs;slf;fpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;. murhq;fq;fs; jk;Kila

nrhe;j gapw;rp Kd;ndLg;Gfspy; gad;gLj;jf; $bajhd> jw;NghJ epyTk;

gpur;rpidfis cs;slf;Fk; xU njhFjp gapw;rp myFfs; fpilf;fg;ngWfpd;wd.

cz;ikapy;> ,e;j gapw;rp myFfs; murhq;fj;jpd; Ntz;LNfhspd; gpufhuk;

Kjd;Kjypy;> NehHNtapd; mfjpfs; rigapd; cyfshtpa cs;ehl;by;

,lk;ngaHe;NjhH njhlHghd nraw;jpl;lk; kw;Wk; kdpjchpikfSf;fhd If;fpa

ehLfs; caH];jhdpfuhyak; Mfpatw;wpdhy; 1999k; Mz;L cUthf;fg;gl;lit.5

murhq;fq;fs; Nkw;nfhs;sf;$ba eltbf;iffisAk;> c.eh.,. njhlHghd

Njrpa nghWg;Glikia jpwikahf epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhd ntt;Ntwhd nfhs;ifj;

njhpTfisAk; gw;wp tpsf;Fk; gapw;rpfs; ngWkjp tha;e;jit. ,jdbg;ilapy;>

cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT vDk; tpla myiff; nfhz;L tpsq;Fk>; nfhs;if

tFg;ghsHfSf;Fk;> njhopw;ghl;lhsHfSf;Fkhd Gyk;ngaHT Kfhikj;Jt

mbg;gilfs; vd;w ifE}y; xd;iw rHtNjr Gyk;ngaHT epWtdk; jahhpj;jpUe;jJ.

cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHit mZFtjpy; cs;s Njrpa nghWg;GlikiaAk;> topfhl;lw;

Nfhl;ghLfspd; nghUj;jg;ghl;ilAk; Kf;fpaj;Jtg;gLj;jpf; fhl;Ltjw;F Nkyjpfkhf>

cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH njhlHghf murhq;fk; jd;Dila nghWg;Glikia

G+uzkhf epiwNtw;Wtjw;Ff; filg;gpbf;fNtz;ba gbKiwfs; gw;wpAk; ,e;j

tpla myF njspTgLj;Jfpd;wJ.6 ,d;ndhU jfty; jUk; mwpf;if ngheytha

mikg;gpdhy; ntspaplg;gl;lJ. ,J cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd tplaq;fisf;

ifahStjw;F nghJeytha mq;fj;Jt ehLfs; filg;gpbf;ff;$ba xU njhFjp

Njrpa hPjpahd “rpwe;j eilKiwfis” toq;fpAs;sJ.7 NkYk;> mnkhpf;f ehLfspy;

epfo;e;j cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghf ,lk;ngw;w gpuhe;jpa nraykHT>

gf;fk; 16

5

gpuhe;jpaj;jpYs;s murhq;fq;fs; Njrpa nghWg;Glik njhlHgpy; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;ba

eltbf;iffspd; rl;lfk; xd;iw mq;fPfhpj;Js;sJ.8

c.eh.,. chpikfisg; Ngzpg;ghJfhf;Fk; rl;lr; rl;lfk;.c.eh.,. chpikfisg; Ngzpg;ghJfhf;Fk; rl;lr; rl;lfk;.c.eh.,. chpikfisg; Ngzpg;ghJfhf;Fk; rl;lr; rl;lfk;.c.eh.,. chpikfisg; Ngzpg;ghJfhf;Fk; rl;lr; rl;lfk;.c.eh.,. chpikfisg; Ngzpg;ghJfhf;Fk; rl;lr; rl;lfk;.

Vnddpy;> ghJfhg;G vd;gJ> mbg;gilapy; xU rl;lf; Nfhl;ghL MFk;. c.eh.,.

chpikfisg; Ngzpg;ghJfhf;Fk; Njrpa rl;lr; rl;lfk; xd;iw cUthf;FtjhdJ>

Njrpa nghWg;Glikapd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; tha;e;j gpujpgypg;ghfTk;> mjid KOikahf

epiwNtw;Wtjw;fhd xU ClfkhfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ.

cyfpd; midj;J gpuhe;jpaq;fspYKs;s ehLfspy;> cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT

njhlHghd rl;lq;fisg; gpd;gw;WtjhdJ c.eh.,. ahtH vd;gij tpiuaWj;jy;>

mtHfspd; chpikfis tiuaWj;jy;> kw;Wk; mtHfs; njhlHghd murhq;fj;jpd;

flg;ghLfis epiwNtw;Wjy; Mfpatw;Wf;F Kf;fpakhdJ vd;gijf; Fwpf;fpd;wJ.

rpy re;jHg;gq;fspy;> ,lg;ngaHtpd; xU Fwpg;gpl;l fl;lk; njhlHghd cjhuzkhf>

Fiwe;j gl;r epakq;fs; gpd;gw;wg;gLk; kPsj; jpUk;Gjy;> kPsf;FbNaWjy; Nghd;w

fl;lq;fs; njhlHghd rl;lq;fis kl;Lk; murhq;fq;fs; gpd;gw;Wfpd;wd. NtWrpy

re;jHg;gq;fspy;> cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHtpd; midj;J fl;lq;fisAk; cs;slf;Fk;

xUq;fpize;j rl;lk; xd;iw murhq;fq;fs; gpd;gw;Wfpd;wd. ,d;ndhU mZFKiw

ahnjdpy;> jw;NghJs;s Njrpa rl;lthf;fj;Jiwia cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd

topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfSld; ,zq;fpg; Nghff;$ba jd;ikiag; nghWj;J mjid

kPsha;T nra;tJk; gFg;gha;T nra;tJk; MFk;. cs;WH rl;lthsHfs; FOTk;

m.rh.ep. fSk;> ,j;jifa Ma;Tfis topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfSf;fhd

tpsf;ff;Fwpg;Gfis topfhl;bahff; nfhz;L rpy ehLfspy; elhj;jpAs;sJld;>

Nfhl;ghLfSld; rl;lq;fs; xj;Jg; Nghfr; nra;af;$bathW murhq;fq;fSld;

,ize;J gzpGhpfpd;wd.9

ve;jtifahd mZFKiw Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl;lhYk;> cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT

njhlHghd Njrpa rl;lthf;fkhdJ> topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghl;by; Fwpg;gplg;gl;lijg;

Nghd;W rHtNjr epakj;NjhL xj;Jg;Nghtjhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. cz;ikapy;

cyfKOtjpYKs;s murhq;fq;fs; I.eh gpufldj;jpd; gpufhuk;> topfhl;lw;

Nfhl;ghLfisg; gpd;gw;wp gyk; tha;e;j Njrpa rl;lthf;f rl;lfq;fis cUthf;Ftjw;F

cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfisf; nfhz;L tpsq;Fk; ehLfisj; J}z;bAs;sd.10

,e;j miog;G gpuhe;jpa kl;lj;jpYk; tplg;gl;Ls;sJ. cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd

gpur;rpidfs; njhlHghf> Njrpa kl;l rl;lq;fisAk;> nfhs;iffisAk; rpwe;j

Kiwapy; cUthf;Ftjw;F topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfs; rpwe;j fUtpahf mike;Js;sd.11

,e;j Kaw;rpfSf;F cjTtjw;fhf> cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;Njhhpd; kdpj

chpikfSf;Fg; nghWg;ghd nrayhsH ehafj;jpd; gpujpepjpahy; > cs;ehl;L

,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd Njrpa rl;l%yk; xd;iw rl;lj;Jiwapy; cs;slf;Ftjw;F

Ntz;ba gpujhd %yfq;fis ,dq;fhz;gjw;Fk;> rl;ltopfhl;bfis toq;Ftjw;Fk;

VJthf cs;WH rl;lthsHfs; ifE}y; xd;W cUthf;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

gf;fk; 17

6cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd Njrpaf; nfhs;if my;yJ jpl;lk;.cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd Njrpaf; nfhs;if my;yJ jpl;lk;.cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd Njrpaf; nfhs;if my;yJ jpl;lk;.cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd Njrpaf; nfhs;if my;yJ jpl;lk;.cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd Njrpaf; nfhs;if my;yJ jpl;lk;.

cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghf Njrpa nfhs;if xd;iw my;yJ jpl;lk;

xd;iw gpd;gw;WtjhdJ Njrpa rl;lthf;fj;ij epiwNtw;Wtjw;F Ntz;ba

Vw;ghlhfTk; ce;Jrf;jpahfTk; tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. cjhuzkhf> cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT

njhlHghd Njrpa nfhs;if my;yJ jpl;lkhdJ> gpur;rpidfSf;F Njrpa kw;Wk;

cs;WH epWtdq;fs; tpisT fhl;lNtz;ba nghWg;ig vLj;jpak;g Ntz;Lk;.

mj;Jld;> ntt;NtWgl;l murhq;f jpizf;fsq;fspdJ nghWg;GfisAk;>

gq;fspg;GfisAk; Rl;bf;fhl;Lk; mNj Ntis> mtHfs; kj;jpapy; xUq;fpizg;Gf;fhd

eilKiw xd;iwAk; ,dq;fhzNtz;Lk;.

topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfis xU rl;lfkhfg; gad;gLj;Jk;> Njrpaf; nfhs;if

my;yJ jpl;lkhdJ jLg;G eltbf;iffs; Kjy;> ,lg;ngaHT Vw;gl;l gpw;ghL

ghJfhg;G kw;Wk; cjtpaspj;jy; tiuAk;> kPsj;jpUk;Gjy; my;yJ kPsf;FbakHjy;

my;yJ kPsxUq;fpizjy; tiuAkhd ,lg;ngaHtpd; midj;J fl;lq;fisAk;

cs;slf;fpajhf tpsq;fNtz;Lk;. ,lg;ngaHit Vw;gLj;jf;$ba epiyikfis

jtpHg;gjw;Fk; ,lg;ngaHtpd; ghjf tpisTfisj; jzpg;gjw;Fk; jpl;ltl;lkhd

eltbf;iffis vLg;gNjhL> jd;dpr;irahd ,lg;ngaHitj; jLg;gjw;F Fwpg;gplj;jf;f

mOj;jk; nfhLf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,e;jj; Njrpa jpl;lj;jpy; Kuz;ghl;bdhy; my;yJ

kdpj chpik kPwypdhy; kl;Lkd;wp> ,aw;if mdHj;jk;> my;yJ kdpjdhy;

Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l mdHj;jq;fs;> mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fs; Nghd;wtw;why; epfOk;

,lg;ngaHTf;fhd midj;J fhuzq;fSk; ,jpy; cs;slf;fg;gl;bUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

,ijtpl Nkyhf> c.eh.,. cs;slq;Fk; rpy Fwpg;gpl;l FOtpduhd> ngz;fs;

jiyik jhq;Fk; FLk;gq;fs;> rpWtHfs;;> KjpNahHfs;> kw;Wk; RNjrpa kf;fs;>

rpWghd;ik ,dj;jtH Nghd;Nwhhpd; tpNrl Njitfisg; G+Hj;jp nra;af;$ba

eltbf;iffis ,j;jpl;lq;fs; tphpTgLj;jNtz;Lk;.

cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd Njrpaf; nfhs;if> c.eh.,. r%fj;NjhL

fye;jhNyhrpf;fg;gl;L jahhpf;fg;gLk;NghJ> mJ kpfTk; gaDWjp kpf;fjha; mikAk;.

,e;jf; nfhs;if my;yJ eltbf;ifj; jpl;lk; KOikaile;jJk;> mJ gutyhf

midtH kj;jpapYk; gug;gg;glNtz;Lk;. Kf;fpakhf c.eh.,. f;F mtHfspd; nrhe;j

nkhopfspy;> ,yFtpy; Ghpe;Jnfhs;sf;$ba tbtj;jpy; ,J gw;wp G+uzkhf

mwpaj;jug;gl Ntz;Lk;. c.eh.,.f;fhf nfhs;iffisAk; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fisAk;

cUthf;Fk;NghJ> murhq;fq;fs; rptpy; r%ff; FOf;fSlDk;> m.rh.ep.fSlDk;

,ize;J ,lk;ngah;e;j kf;fSld; neUq;fpg; gzpahw;WtJ mtrpakhdJ. ,tHfs;

,lk;ngaHe;j r%fj;Jld; NgZk; njhlHGfshdit> c.eh.,. mgpyhi~fs;

njhpag;gLj;jg;gl;Ls;sd vd;gijAk; mtHfspd; fz;Nzhl;lq;fSf;Fk;

mgpg;gpuhaq;fSf;Fk; Fuy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ vd;hijAk; Fwpf;fpd;wd. mj;Jld;>

mtHfspd; Nritfisg; G+Hj;jp nra;tjw;Fk; mtHfspd; chpikfisg;

ghJfhg;gjw;Fkhd je;jpNuhghaq;fisAk; cj;Njrpf;fpd;wd.

cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd Njrpa nfhs;iffisAk; nraw; jpl;lq;fisAk;>

tFg;gjw;F my;yJ gpd;gw;Wtjw;F jahuhapUg;gjhdJ> cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT

njhlHghd tplaq;fisAk;> mjidj; jPHf;fNtz;ba jd;Dila nghWg;igAk;

gf;fk; 18

7

murhq;fk; ,dq;fz;Ls;sJ vd;gjw;fhd mwpFwpia toq;FtJld;> ,e;eltbf;if

Njrpastpy; Kd;Dhpik ngw;wJ vd;gij cs;WhpYk; rHtNjrj;jpYk; vLj;J

tpsf;Ffpd;wJ. cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT ,lk;ngw;w ehLfspd; murhq;fq;fis c.eh.,.

ghJfhg;ig cWjpnra;Ak;> mtHfSf;F cjtpfs; toq;Fk; Njrpa jpl;lq;fis

my;yJ Kd;ndLg;Gfis gpd;gw;WkhW I.eh tpd; gpufldq;fs; Cf;Ftpf;fpd;wd.12

c.eh.,.f;fhd Njrpa epWtd kag;gl;l ,yf;F ikak;c.eh.,.f;fhd Njrpa epWtd kag;gl;l ,yf;F ikak;c.eh.,.f;fhd Njrpa epWtd kag;gl;l ,yf;F ikak;c.eh.,.f;fhd Njrpa epWtd kag;gl;l ,yf;F ikak;c.eh.,.f;fhd Njrpa epWtd kag;gl;l ,yf;F ikak;

cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghf epWtdkag;gl;l ,yf;F ikak; xd;iw

cUthf;FtjhdJ. gpur;rpidf;F njhlHr;rpahd ftdk; nrYj;jg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gij

cWjp nra;tjw;Fk;> murhq;fj;jpw;Fk; cs;WH kw;Wk; rHtNjrg; gq;fhsHfSf;Fk;

,ilNa xUq;fpizg;ig ,yFgLj;Jtjw;Fk; mtrpakhFk;.

gythwhd ntt;ntW epWtdkag;gl;l njhpTfs; cs;sd. rpy ehLfspy;>

cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;Njhh; njhlHghd nghWg;GlikahdJ mfjpfs; gpur;rpidAld;

rk;ge;jg;gl;Ls;s murhq;f fl;likg;G my;yJ r%feyd; Ngzy; jpizf;fsq;fs;

Nghd;w jw;NghJs;s murhq;f Kftuikg;gpd; mjpfhu Mizapy; NrHf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk;.

Vida ehLfspy;> c.eh.,. njhlHghd gpur;rpidfisf; ifahStjw;nfd;Nw jdpahd

myFfs; mikf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

,d;Dk; rpy ehLfspy;> c.eh.,.f;fhf murhq;ff; FO> nraw;FO> my;yJ

nrayzp vd;gd mikf;fg;gl;L chpa mikr;Rf;fisAk; jpizf;fsq;fisAk;

NrHe;j cj;jpNahfj;jHfs; xd;W NrHe;J c.eh.,. njhlHghd Njitfs; gw;wp

fye;JiuahLtJld;> rHtNjr r%fj;Jldhd xUq;fpizg;Gf;F mDruiz toq;fp

nraw;jpwd;kpf;f tpisTfhl;liy cWjpnra;Ak; je;jpNuhghaq;fisAk; tFf;fpd;wdH.

ve;jtifahd epWtdkag;gl;l njhpT njhpe;njLf;fg;gl;lhYk;> c.eh.,.f;fhf

cUthf;fg;gl;l Njrpa epWtdkag;gl;l ,yf;F ikakhdJ> mtHfspd; ghJfhg;igAk;

cjtpiaAk; cWjpg;gLj;Jk; xU mjpfhu Miziaf;; nfhz;bUg;gJ mtrpak;.

mjDila CopaHfs; cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT gw;wp Fwpg;ghf topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfs;

gw;wp gapw;Wtpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mj;Jld;> c.eh.,. kjpf;fg;gl;L mtHfspd; chpikfs;

ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;wdth vd;gij cWjpnra;fpd;w Njrpa Kd;ndLg;Gfspy; Kf;fpa

gq;Ftfpf;f Ntz;Lk; vdTk; vjpHghHf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. ,J> ,lg;ngaHTf;fhd gy;NtW

ePzlfhy jPHTfis cjhuzkhf> kPsj;jpUk;Gjy;> my;yJ kPsf;FbakHjy; Nghd;w

njhpTfis c.eh.,. nfhz;bUg;gijAk;;> ghJfhg;gw;w my;yJ ];jpukw;w epiyikfs;

epyTk; gpuNjrq;fSf;F kPsj;jpUk;Gtjw;F my;yJ kPsf;FbakHtjw;F mtHfs;

epHg;ge;jpf;fg;gltpy;iy vd;gijAk; cWjpnra;tjhAk; tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;. ,e;j

nrad;Kiw nraw;jpwd; kpf;fjha; tpsq;fNtz;Lkhdhy;> ,t;tjpfhu Mizia

epiwNtw;Wtjw;F murpay; mjpfhuKk; mNjNghd;W NghJkhd tsq;fSk;

Njitg;gLfpd;wJ.

m.rh.ep.fs; kw;Wk; Vida rptpy; r%f mikg;Gfs; Nghd;wtw;Wld; ,ize;J

gzpGhptJk;> cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH rhHghfg; ghpe;Jiu nra;tJk;> c.eh.,.f;fhd

gf;fk; 19

8

Njrpa Kd;ndLg;Gfis xUq;fpizg;gjw;fhd nghWg;igf; nfhz;Ls;s

epWtdkag;gl;l eilKiwf;F kl;LNk gaDilajha; tpsq;Fk;. cs;ehl;L

,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd Njrpa kw;Wk; rHtNjr tpisTfhl;lyhdJ> cs;ehl;by;

,lk;ngaHe;jtHfSld; neUq;fpg;gzpahw;Wk; rptpy; r%ff; FOf;fSld; Nrh;e;jpaq;Fk;

NghJ rpwe;j jfty;fisf; nfhz;ljhfTk;> newpg ;gLj;jg;gl;ljhfTk;>

tphpTgLj;jg;gl;ljhfTk; tpsq;Fk;. ,t;thwhd gq;Nfw;G nrad;KiwahdJ> fpuaj;

jpwd; nfhz;litahf ,Ug;gJ kl;Lkd;wp> ntspehl;bypUe;J “ty;YdHfis”jUtpg;gJ nryT $bajhf tpsq;Ffpd;wJ. mijtpl Nkyhf> ntspapypUe;J

tUk; ty;YdHfs; Fwpg;gpl;l fhyj;jpd; gpd; ntspNaWk;NghJ cs;WH Mw;wy;fis

tYg;gLj;jhkNy nrd;W tpLfpd;wdH.

c.eh.,. ,d; cs;WH Mw;wy;fisAk;> m.rh.ep.fspdJk;> rptpy; r%fj;jpy;

cs;slq;Fk; Vida FOf;fspdJk; jpwd;fis gyg;gLj;Jk; Nehf;fj;Jldhd Njrpa

jpl;lq;fisAk; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fisAk; fl;bnaOg;GtJ> ngWkjp tha;e;jJ vd;gij

ep&gpf;Fk;.

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Njrpa kdpj chpikfs; epiyaq;fs; kdpj chpikfis Nkk;gLj;JtjpYk;>

ghJfhg;gjpYk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; rHtNjr Kaw;rpfspy; Kf;fpakhd gq;fspg;G

toq;Ffpd;wd vd;gJ midtuhYk; Vw;Wf;nfhs;sg;gl;l xU tplak;. ,tHfs;

murhq;fj;jpd; cj;jpNahfG+Ht mq;fPfhuj;ijg; ngw;wpUg;gJld;> Xa;T ngw;w ePjpaurHfs;

my;yJ khpahijf;Fhpa kdpj chpik nraw;ghl;lhsHfs; Nghd;w r%fj;jpy;

Kd;dzpapypUg;NghH ,jw;Fj; jiyik tfpg;gjhy; Njrpa rq;fq;fs; kj;jpapy;

Fwpg;gplj;jf;f khpahijiag; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd. cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT epyTk; ehLfspy;

c.eh.,.,d; chpikfisg; NgZtjpYk; ghJfhg;gjpYk; Njrpa kdpj chpik

epiyaq;fs; ngWkjpkpf;f gq;fhw;Wfpd;wd. ,g;gq;fspg;G> cz;ikapy; I.eh

gpufldq;fspy; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s ,j;jifa jPHkhdq;fspy; murhq;fq;fspdhy;

Vw;Wf;nfhz;L mq;fPfhpf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. 13

Fwpg;ghf mgptpUj;jpaile;J tUk; mNdf Njrpa epWtdq;fs; Mw;wy;

NghjhikahapUe;jhYk;> cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd tplaq;fSf;F

Kf;fpaj;Jtk; nfhLf;f jw;NghJ Muk;gpj;Js;sd.14 ,e;j Kaw;rpfSf;F MjuT

toq;Fk; Kfkhf Njrpa kdpj chpikfs; epiyaj;jpd; Mrpa gRgpf; kd;wkhdJ>

cWg;gpdH epWtdq;fSf;fhd cjtpiaj; jpul;Ltjw;fhfTk;> mtHfspd; Mw;wy;fis

tphpthf;Ftjw;fhfTk; cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd Mw;wiy kjpg;gPL

nra;tjw;fhf nraw;jpl;lk; xd;iw cUthf;fpAs;sJ.

cs;ehl;Lg; gpur;rpidiaf; ifahSk; rpwe;j eilKiwfs;> murhq;fq;fs;

cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHit kdpj chpikfs; epiyaj;jpd; mjpfhu Mizf;Fl;gl;l>

kdpj chpikfs; rk;ge;jkhd gpur;rpidahf Vw;Wf; nfhz;Ls;sd vd;gijf;

fUJfpd;wd. mj;Jld; ,e;j epiyaq;fs; ,J tplak; njhlHgpy; $Ljy; ftdk;

nrYj;Jtjw;F cjTtjw;fhf mtw;Wf;F $Ljy; tsq;fSk; xJf;fg;gl;Ls;sd.

gf;fk; 20

,e;jg; gbKiwfspd; kj;jpapy;> cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;Njhhpd; chpikfisg;

ghJfhg;gjpYk; NgZtjpYk; Njrpa epWtdq;fs; fPo;tUk; Nkyjpf nraw;ghLfis

Nkw;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

� ehl;bYs;s Vida gpui[fisg; Nghd;Nw c.eh.,. Uk; rfytpjkhd

chpikfisAk; mDgtpf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gijAk;> jk;Kila chpikfisg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy; vt;tpjkhd ghugl;rq;fisAk; vjpHNehf;ftpy;iy

vd;gijAk;> jkf;Fj; Njitahd ghJfhg ;igAk; cjtpiaAk;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpd;whHfs; vd;gijAk; cWjpnra;jy;.

� c.eh.,. ,d; kdpj chpikfs; kPwy; gw;wp tprhuizfs; elhj;jp mwpf;if

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toq;Ffpd;whHfs; vd;gijAk; cWjpnra;jy;

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ghJfhg;gjw;fhf mjpfhhpfs; tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f Vw;ghLfs; Nkw;nfhs;tijAk;;>

,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs; njhlHgpy; mjpfhhpfs; Nkw;nfhs;Sk; jPHkhdq;fs;>

topfhl ;lw ;Nfhl ;ghLfspy ; fhl ;lg ;gl ;Ls ;s cj;juthjq;fSld;

xj;Jg;Nghfpd;wdtha; mKy;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd vd;gijAk; cWjpnra;jy;.

� c.eh.,.,d; chpikfs; njhlHghf murhq;fj;Jf;F MNyhrid toq;fy;.

Fwpg;ghf cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT gw;wpa Njrpa rl;lq;fis cUthf;Ftjpy;>

topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfisg; gpd;gw;wp Njrpa rl;lkd;W rigfSld; ,ize;J

gzpahw;wy;. mj;Jld;> murhq;f mjpfhhpfSld; xd;W NrHe;J nraw;gl;L

cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHTld; njhlHGila epiyg;ghLfis nraw;jpwd; kpf;f

tifapy; mZFjy;.

� murhq;fk; Njrpa rl;l%yj;ij mKyhf;fk; nra;tijAk;> rHtNjr

xg;ge;jj;jpYs;s flg;ghLfSld; ,zq;fpg;NghtijAk;> c.eh.,.f;fhd

Njrpa nfhs;iffs; kw;Wk; jpl;lq;fspd; mKyhf;fj;ijAk; fz;fhzpj;J

mwpf;if rkHg;gpj;jy;.

� tpNrlkhf murhq;f epWtdq;fs;> ,uhZtk; kw;Wk; c.eh.,.,d; chpikfs;

njhlHghd rl;l mKyhf;fy; epWtdq;fs; Mfpatw;Wf;F kpfmjpfstpy;

eypTw;w jd;ikia mDgtpf;Fk; ngz;fs; rpWtHfs; kw;Wk; Vida

FOtpdUf;Fj; Njitahd ghJfhg;igAk; cjtpiaAk; toq;FtJ njhlHghd

topg;GzHT+l;Lk; fy;tp eltbf;iffisAk; gapw;rpj; jpl;lq;fisAk; elhj;JtJ

Kf;fpak;.

� c.eh.,. rhHghf Kd;ndLf;fg;gLk; jpl;lq;fs; gw;wp mtHfSf;F

njhpag;gLj;jg;glNtz;Lk;. mj;Jld; ,e;jj; jPHkhdk; Nkw;nfhs;Sk;

nraw;ghLfspy; mtHfspd; gq;fspg;Gk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

gf;fk; 21

9

� c.eh.,. rq;fq;fSf;Fk;> cs;WH m.rh.ep.> rptpy; r%f mikg;Gfspd;

gpujpepjpfs; MfpNahUf;Fk; ,ilapyhd cwitf; fl;bnaOg;Gtjd; %yk;.

c.eh.,.chpikfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;Fg; ghpe;Jiuj;jy;.

� c.eh.,. ,d; cly;hPjpahd ghJfhg;G Mgj;Jf;Fl;gl;bUf;Fk; gpuNjrq;fspy;>

fz;fhzpg;G eilKiw xd;iw cUthf;Fjy;

� c.eh.,. kPsj;jpUk;Gtij my;yJ kPsf;FbakUtijf; fz;fhzpj;jy;.

mj;Jld;> ,J mtHfsJ tpUg;gj;jpYk; ghJfhg;ghd #o;epiyapYk;

,lk;ngWfpd;wJ vd;gij cWjp nra;jy;

� Vida ehLfspYs;s Njrpa kdpj chpikfs; epWtdq;fNshLk;> chpa

gpuhe;jpa mikg;GfNshLk; tiyaikg;Gfisg; NgZtjd; %yk;> rpwe;j

eilKiwfis cUthf;Ftjw;fhf cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd

jfty;fisAk; mDgtq;fisAk; ghpkhwpf;nfhs;jy;.

jPHkhdk; Nkw;nfhs;jypy; c.eh.,. gq;Nfw;GjPHkhdk; Nkw;nfhs;jypy; c.eh.,. gq;Nfw;GjPHkhdk; Nkw;nfhs;jypy; c.eh.,. gq;Nfw;GjPHkhdk; Nkw;nfhs;jypy; c.eh.,. gq;Nfw;GjPHkhdk; Nkw;nfhs;jypy; c.eh.,. gq;Nfw;G

cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs; jk;Kila murhq;fj;jplkpUe;J ghJfhg;igAk;

kdpjNea cjtpfisAk; NfhUtjw;Fk;> ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; chpj;JilatHfs;.

c.eh.,. vJtpjkhd jz;lidNah jPq;Nfh ,y;yhky; jk;Kila vz;zq;fis

ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd #oy; cUthf;fpf; nfhLf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

mNdfkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; cjtpfisAk; epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fisAk; ngw;Wf;

nfhs;Sk; ,Wjpf; fl;lj;jpy; c.eh.,. ,Uf;Fk; NghJk;> jk;Kila gpur;rpidfs;

njhlHghd nfhs;if tFg;GfspYk; jPHkhdk; Nkw;nfhs;jypYk; vJtpjkhd

nry;thf;ifAk; nrYj;j KbahjtHfshfTk; mtw;iw ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

tha;g;Gf;fs; mw;wtHfshfTk; cs;sdH. ,Ue;jNghjpYk;> ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfSldhd

fye;Jiuahly; vd;gJ mtHfSf;F ghJfhg;igAk; cjtpiaAk; toq;Fk;

Kaw;rpfspd; tpidj;jpwDf;F mtrpakhditahFk;. c.eh.,. jk;Kila Njitfs;

gw;wpAk; mtw;iw njhpag;gLj;Jtjw;fhd toptiffs; gw;wpAk; mwpe;jpUf;fr;

nra;aNtz;Lk;. ,ijtpl Nkyhf> c.eh.,. jhk; vjpHNehf;Fk; epiyikfis

“rkhspj;Jg; Nghff;$ba jpwd;” nfhz;ltHfshf tpsq;Ffpd;wdH. 15

,lk;ngaHe;jtHfSf;fhd epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fs; c.eh.,.,d; jpwikfis

mbg;gilahff; nfhz;L fl;bnaOg;gg;gLk; NghJ tpidj;jpwd; $baitahf

tpsq;Fk;.

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fSld; fye;JiuahLtjd; %ykhff; Fwpg;gplj;jf;f tpjj;jpy; njhpag;gLj;jg;gl;L

tphpTgLj;jg;gLk;. cz;ikapy;; c.eh.,. ,d; chpikfisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhfTk;

mtHfspd; Njitfisg; G+Hj;jp nra;tjw;fhfTk; nfhs;ifs; kw;Wk; epfo;r;rpj;

jpl;lq;fis tFg;gjpYk; mKy;gLj;JtjpYk; mtHfisAk; gq;Nfw;fr; nra;tjw;fhd

mDruizia toq;fNtz;ba nghWg;G murhq;fq;fj;jpdilaJ. ,J> c.eh.,.

gf;fk; 22

jkJ Kfhk; epHthfj;jpy; fhj;jpukpf;f gq;F tfpf;fpd;whHfs; vd;gij

cWjpg;gLj;JtjhapUf;Fk;.

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Nkw;nfhs;Sk; eilKiwfspYk; cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j ngz;fspd; gq;fspg;ig

cWjpnra;tjw;F tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;jg;glNtz;Lk;. FLk;gq;fspd; Muk;gf; ftdpg;ig

toq;FgtHfs; vd;whPjpapy;> jk;Kila FLk;gq;fspdJk; r%fq;fspdJk; eyidAk;

ghJfhg;igAk; cWjpnra;atjw;F vit Njit vd;gijj; jPHkhdpg;gjpy; ,lk;ngaHe;j

ngz;fSf;F mjpf jFjp cs;sJ. Fwpg;ghf czT Nrfhpg;G> czTg; gq;fPL>

Kfhk; trjpfs; kw;Wk; Vida FbapUg;Gfis tbtikj;jy;> jz;zPH kw;Wk;

tpwF Nrfhpg;G Nghd;w ,lk;ngaHe;j ngz;fspdJk; rpWtHfspdJk; clypay;

hPjpahd ghJfhg;gpy; jhf;fj;ij cz;Lgz;Zk; nraw;ghLfspy; ngz;fspd; cs;sPL

ngwg;glNtz;Lk;.

,lg;ngaHtpd; midj;J fl;lj;jpYk; ,lk; ngaHe;jtHfSld; MNyhrid

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghf ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfis ,lkhw;Wtjw;fhd ve;jnthU

jPHkhdKk; ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfis Fwpg;ghf ngz;fis> Gjpa ,lk; njhlHghd

jPHkhdk; tFj;jypYk;> mjd; Kfhikj;Jtj;jpYk; cs;slf;fpapUf;f Ntz;Lk;.

kdpjNea cjtpfspd; toq;fypy; ,e;j toq;fypd; tpdpNahfj;jpYk; jpl;lkplypYk;

ngz;fspd; KOikahd gq;fspg;ig cWjpnra;tjpy; tpNrl Kaw;rpfs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;glNtz;Lk;. Vnddpy; jkf;Fk; jk;Kila FLk;gq;fSf;Fk; czT

epthuzq;fisg; ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk; Ntisapy; vjpHNehf;ff;$ba ghypay; hPjpahd

Jd;GWj;jy;fspypUe;Jk; KiwNfLfspypUe;Jk; ngz;fisg; ghJfhg;gjw;F ,e;j

Vw;ghL kpfmtrpakhFk;. ,lg;ngaHTf;F epiyj;J epw;Fk; jPHT xd;wpid fhzNtz;b

Vw;gLk;NghJ> kPsj;jpUk;Gtjpy; mtHfspd; RatpUg;gj;ij gpd;gw;Wk; chpik

kjpf;fg;gLfpd;wJ vd;gij cWjpnra;tjw;F c.eh.,. cldhd fye;Jiuahly;

mtrpak;. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf mtHfspd; kPsj;jpUk;Gif> kPs;FbNaw;wk;> kw;Wk;

kPsxUq;fpizj;jy; njhlHghd jpl;lkply;> Kfhikj;Jtk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; c.eh.,.,d;

KOikahd gq ;fs p g ;ig cWj p nra ;tjw ;F t p Nrl Kaw ; r p fs ;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;glNtz;Lk;. 16

,ijtplNkyhf> c.eh.,.,d; mgpg;gpuhaq;fisj; njhlHr;rpahfg; ngw;W tUtJld;>

rkhjhd Kd;ndLg;GfspYk;> cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHit jPHg;gjw;fhd Vida

Kaw;rpfspYk; mtw;iwf; fUj;jpy; nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. ,jw;F Nkyjpfkhf> Njrpa

nghWg;GlikahdJ> topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghl;by; Fwpg;gplg;gl;Ls;s ruj;J 22 (d) apd;gpufhuk;> c.eh.,.,d;> murpay; gq;Nfw;Gf;fhd chpikiag; ghJfhf;fpd;wJ. mj;Jld;

thf;fspf;Fk; chpikiag; gpuNahfpg;gjpYk;> jk;Kila tho;f;ifiag; ghjpf;Fk;

murpay; kw;Wk; nghUshjhu jPHkhdq;fspy; jk;Kila mgpg;gpuhaj;ij Kd;itg;gjpYk;

,tHfs; ngUk; ,ilA+Wfis vjpHNehf;Ffpd;wdH. 17

gf;fk; 23

10epiyj;J epw;Fk; jPHTfs;epiyj;J epw;Fk; jPHTfs;epiyj;J epw;Fk; jPHTfs;epiyj;J epw;Fk; jPHTfs;epiyj;J epw;Fk; jPHTfs;

cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHTf;Fhpa Njrpa nghWg;GlikahdJ> jk;Kila fjpf;F

ePz;lnjhU jPHit c.eh.,. ngw;Wf; nfhs;tij cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,jd;

mHj;jk;> c.eh.,. jk;Kila chpikfSf;fpzq;f kPsj;jpUk;Gtij> my;yJ

kPsf;FbNaWtij ,yFthf;ff;Ftjw;F rhj;jpakhd xt;nthU Kaw;rpfisAk;

Nkw;nfhs;tjhFk;.

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nfsutkhdJkhd #oypy; jk;Kila guk;giu thoplq;fSf;F my;yJ mtHfs;

tpUk;Gk; gpuNjrq;fSf;F> my;yJ ehl;bd; Vida gFjpapy; kPsf;FbNaWtjw;F

mtHfSf;F cjt Ntz;baJ murhq;fq;fspd; flikahFk;. epiyj;J epw;Fk;

jPHtpYk;> ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fspd; chpikfspd; ghJfhg;gpYk; Mgj;jpd;ik vDk;

tplak; Kf;fpa mq;fk; tfpf;fpd;wJ. Kuz;ghl;bdhy; Vw;gLk; ,lg;ngaHitg;

nghWj;jtiuapy;> mtw;Wf;Fj; jPHT fhzg;glNtz;Lkhdhy;> Kuz;ghL xU KbTf;Ff;

nfhz;Ltug;glNtz;Lk; my;yJ ,lg;ngaHTf;Ff; fhuzkhd %y fhuzq;fSf;fhd

mbg;gilfs; khw;wk;ngw Ntz;Lk;. fz;zpntbfs; mfw;wg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

,lg;ngaHTf;fhd fhuzk; vJthapUe;jhYk;> kPsj;jpUk;Gk; my;yJ kPsf;FbNaWk;

gpuNjrq;fspy; Njitahd ghJfhg;G Vw;ghLfs; nra;ag;gl;bUf;fNtz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghf>

rl;l Ml;rp Kiwikia kPs epWTjy; kw;Wk; kdpj chpikfs; kjpf;fg;gLtij

cWjpg;gLj;Jk; eilKiwfs; Mfpatw;wpd; %ykhf ,jid Nkw;nfhs;syhk;.

jk;Kila capUf;F> ghJfhg;Gf;F> Rje;jpuj;Jf;F> MNuhf;fpaj;Jf;F gq;fk;

Vw;glf;$ba gpuNjrq;fspy; kPsj;jpUk;Gtjw;F my;yJ kPsf;FbNaWtjw;F ,tHfs;

ve;j epiyikapYk; epHg;ge;jpf;fg;glf;$lhJ. rhj;jpakhd re;jHg;gq;fspy;

kPsj;jpUk;Gjy; mtHfspd; nrhe;j tpUg;gj;jpYk; ghJhg;ghd #oypYk; ,lk;ngWfpd;wjh

vd;gijj; fz;fhzpg;ghsHfs; kPsj;jpUk;GNthUlkpUe;J cWjp nra;Jnfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

,ijtpl Nkyhf> ,lg;ngaHT fhuzkhf c.eh.,. jhk; iftpl;l nrhj;Jf;fisAk;>

clikfisAk; jpUk;gg; ngWtjw;F cjtNtz;ba nghWg;G mjpfhhpfSf;Fs;sJ.

mJ rhj;jpakhfhj gl;rj;jpy;> mjw;F rkkhd ,og;gPl;Lj; njhifiag; ngw;Wf;

nfhLf;fNtz;Lk;. gythwhd rthy;fs; ,q;F vjpHNehf;fg;glyhk;. mNdf

re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfspy; rpyH kl;LNk fhzp kw;Wk; nrhj;Jf;fSf;fhd

chpikg;gj;jpuq;fisf; nfhz;Ls;sdH. ,t;thwhd epyikfspd;NghJ jdpegH kw;Wk;

mjpfhupfs; Ngzpa nrhj;J Mtzq;fs; ,lg;ngaHit Vw;gLj;jpa Kuz;ghl;bd;

fhuzkhf> my;yJ ,aw;if mdHj;jk; fhuzkhf mopTf;Fl;gl;bUf;fyhk;. ,jw;F

Nkyhf> Njrpa rl;lq;fSk;> nrhj;J chpik> guk;giur; nrhj;J njhlHghd

rk;gpujhaq;fSk;> ngz;fSf;F vjpuhfg; ghugl;rk; fhl;Lgitahf cs;sd. mjpYk;

Fwpg;ghf> jkJ fztd;khH nfhy;yg;gl;l epiyapy;> jk;Kila tPLfSf;Fk;

fhzpfSf;Fk; kPsj;jpUk;Gk; ngz;fs;> jkf;nfd;nwhU tho;thjhuj;ijf; fl;bnaOg;gp

jk;ikAk; jkJ FLk;gj;ijAk; jhq;Ftjpy; kpFe;j neUf;fbia vjpHNehf;Ffpd;wdH.

murhq;f mjpfhhpfs; ,j;jifa gpur;rpidfis vjpHT $WtJld;> mtw;iwj;

jPHg;gjw;F rHtNjr kdpj chpikfspd; gbahd epakq;fisg; ghugl;rkw;w Kiwapy;

gpd;gw;wNtz;Lk;.

gf;fk; 24

c.eh.,. kPsj;jpUk;GJ my;yJ kPsf;FbNaWtJ ,jpy; vij tpUk;gpj; njhpT

nra;jhYk;> mtHfs; kPs xd;wpiztjw;Fk;> jk;Kila tho;f;ifia

kPsf;fl;bnaOg;Gtjw;Fk; cjtNtz;ba nghWg;G murhq;f mjpfhhpfSf;Fs;sJ.

cz;ikapy;> c.eh.,. jk;Kila tho;thjhuj;ij kPsepWTtjw;F cjTk;

je;jpNuhghaq;fSk;> jw;rhHG topKiwfSk;> ,lg;ngaHT Vw;gl;l clDk;

mwpKfg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. mg;nghOJ jhd;> ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfs; ePz;lfhyk;

jq;fpapUf;f Ntz;ba Njitiaf; Fiwf;ff;$bajhapUg;gJld;> kPsj;jpUk;Gjy;

my;yJ kPsf;FbNaWjy; rhj;jpakhFk;nghOJ> mtHfs; kPsxd;wpiztjw;F

mDruiz toq;Ftjw;F tha;g;ghf ,Uf;Fk;. kPsj;jpUk;Gk;NghJ> my;yJ

kPsf;FbNaWk;NghJ c.eh.,. f;F tpijfs;> fUtpfs;> kw;Wk; jw;fhypf tjptplk;

mikf;fj; Njitahd gpsh];hpf; $lhuq;fs; Nghd;wit cs;slq;fpa cjtpg;nghjp

toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

,jw;F Nkyhf> mtHfspd; ,lg;ngaHT fhuzkhf cUthFk; tpNrl NjitfSk;

eypTw;w jd;ikfSk; vt;tsT fhyk; ePbf;fpd;wNjh me;jsT fhyg;gFjpf;F

c.eh.,f;F tpNrl ftdpg;Gk; MjuTk; Njitg;gLk;. ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfspd; epiyg;ghL>

Njitfs;> chpikfs; Nghd;w tplaq;fs; fUj;jpy; nfhs;sg;glhj gl;rj;jpy;

,lg;ngaHT KbTf;F te;Js;sJ vDk; KbT vOe;jkhdkhf vLf;fg;glf;$lhJ.

c.eh.,.f;F toq;fg;gLk; cjtpapd; jd;ikahdJ> mtrufhy kdpjNea

cjtpapypUe;J gbg;gbahfj; jd;dpiwitg; ngw;Wj;jUfpd;wJk;> ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfspd;

nghUshjhu> r%f kPspizg;Gf;F cjTfpd;wJkhd je;jpNuhgha cjtpfshf khw

Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thwhd eltbf;iffs;> kPsj;jpUk;Gk; my;yJ kPsf;FbNaWk; gpuNjq;fspy;

ghlrhiyfs;> Rfhjhu epiyaq;fs;> tPjpfs; Nghd;w cl;fl;likg;Gfis

murhq;fj;Jld; ,ize;J kPsf;fl;bnaOg;Gk; Vida r%fq;fSf;F cjTk;

Kaw;rpfSf;F ,izthf Nkw;nfhs;sg;glNtz;Lk;. kPspzf;fk; kw;Wk; GdHtho;T

eltbf;iffspYk;> tUkhdk; <l;Lk; kw;Wk; Ez;fld; jpl;lq;fspy; ngz;fspdJ

rkgq;fspg;ig cWjpg;gLj;jtjw;fhf tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

c.eh.,.> jk;Kila kPsj;jpUk;Gjy; kPsf;FbNawy; njhlHgpy;> ve;jtpjkhd

ghugl;rq;fisAk; vjpHNehf;ftpy;iy vd;gij cWjpnra;tjw;Fk; Rfhjhuk;> fy;tp

Nghd;w nghJr; Nritfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;fpwhHfs; vd;gijAk;> thf;fspg;gJ

cs;slq;fyhf nghJ tptfhuq;fspy; gq;F nfhs;Sk; chpikiag; ngw;Ws;shHfs;

vd;gijAk; cWjpnra;tjw;fhf> chpa gbKiwfs; vLf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

RUf;fkhfr; nrhy;yg;Nghdhy;> c.eh.,.f;F Kd;itf;fg;gLk; epiyj;J epw;Fk;

jPHthdJ> mtHfs; gpd;tUk; njhpTfisf; nfhz;Ls;shHfs; vd;gij

cWjpnra;aNtz;Lk;. mjhtJ> mtHfs; ghJfhg;ghd #oypy; jkJ tpUg;gj;jpd;gb

kPsj; jpUk;GfpwhHfs; my;yJ kPsf;FbNaWfpwhHfs; vd;gijAk; >jk;Kila

tho;thjhuj;ij kPsg;ngWtJld; jk;ik kPs epiyg;gLj;jpf;nfhz;L r%fj;jpw;Fs;

kPsxd;wpizfpwhHfs; vd;gijAk; ,j;njhpTfs; cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;. ,J

njhlHgpy;> c.eh.,. ,d; kPs; jpUk;Gif my;yJ kPs; FbNaw;wk; njhlHghd rpwe;j

eilKiwfs; rhHe;j fy;tpfs; ngWkjp tha;e;jitahff; fUjg;gLfpd;wd.18

,Wjpapy;> epiyj;J epw;Fk; jPHit Kd;itf;Fk; murhq;fj;jpd; <LghlhdJ>

gf;fk; 25

12

11

Kuz;ghLfs; my;yJ NtNwDk; fhuzq;fshy; epfOk; jtpHf;ff;$ba

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gf;fk; 26

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gf;fk; 28

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gf;fk; 29

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10 (ECOSOC) gpufldq;fs; 2004/5 23 A+iy 2004.ge;jp 39

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mwpf;if> fhl;̂ k;> #lhd;> 30 Mf];l; -2 nrg;nlk;gH

2003. Kd;itf;fg;gl;l mwpf;ifapd; gpd;dpizg;G

E ahd cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs;

njhlHg hd “fhl ; ^k ; g p ufldj ;ij”cjhuzj;jpw;Fg; ghHitaplTk;. ECOWASmq;fj;Jt ehLfSk;> topfhl;Lk; Nfhl;ghLfis

rl;lfkhfg; gad;gLj;jp cs;ehl;by; ,lg;ngaHT

njhlHghd Njrpa rl;lq;fis jahhpf;fNtz;Lk;

vd;W typAWj;Jfpd;wd.

12 (ECOSOC) gpufldq;fs; 2004/5 23 A+iy 2004. ge;jp39 gpufldq;fs; 2003/5 15> A+iy 2003> ge;jp 9

13 kdpjchpikfs; njhlHghd I.eh.Mizf;FO

gpufldk; 2004/55 (20 Vg;uy; 2004) ge;jpfs; 18> 21kw;Wk; gpufldq;fs; 2003/51 (23 Vg;uy; 2004) ge;jpfs;18> 21

14 cjhuzj;Jf;Fg; ghHitaplTk;. Njrpa kdpj

chpik epWtdq;fSk; cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j

kf;fSk;: ,yq;ifia cjhuzkhff; nfhz;L.

khpNah nfhnk];

15 Caught within borders : cs ; e hl ; by ;

,lk;ngah;e;jtHfSf;fhd nfhs;iffSld; xj;Jg;

Nghjy;. NehHNt mfjpfs; rig> 2001

16 cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd topfhl;lw;

Nfhl;ghLfs;. Nfhl;ghLfs; 7(3)(d), 18(3) kw;Wk; 28

17 vhpd; %dp kw;Wk; ghy;f;fP]; [uh> cs;ehl;by;

,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fspd; thf;fspf;Fk; chpik OSCEgpuhe;jpak; G&f;fpq;];- SAIS Ntiyj;jpl;lk;

18 nfhOk;G> kdpjNea mikg;Gf;fspd; $l;likg;Gk;

cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd G&f;fpq;];- SAISnraw;jpl;lKk; ,ize;J jahhpj;j kPsj;jpUk;gy;>

k Ps ;FbNaw ; wk ; > Mf patw ;Wf ; f hd

njhopw;ghl;lhsHfspd; fUtpj;njhFjpiaAk;>

cs ;ehl ;L ,lg ;ngaHT njhlHghd fs

eilKiwfs; gw;wpa ifE}iyAk; ghHitaplTk;.

19 topfhl;Lk; Nfhl;ghLfs;: nfhs;iffs; 25 kw;Wk;

29(2)

gf;fk; 31

gpd;dpizg;G: cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghdgpd;dpizg;G: cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghdgpd;dpizg;G: cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghdgpd;dpizg;G: cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghdgpd;dpizg;G: cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd

topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfs;.topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfs;.topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfs;.topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfs;.topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfs;.

mwpKfk; -tplag;gug;Gk; Nehf;fKk;.mwpKfk; -tplag;gug;Gk; Nehf;fKk;.mwpKfk; -tplag;gug;Gk; Nehf;fKk;.mwpKfk; -tplag;gug;Gk; Nehf;fKk;.mwpKfk; -tplag;gug;Gk; Nehf;fKk;.

1. ,e;j topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfs; cyfshtpa hPjpapy; cs;ehl;by;

,lk;ngaHe;Njhhpd; Fwpg;gpl;l Njitfisg; G+Hj;jp nra;af;$ba

mZFKiwfis toq;Ffpd;wd. ,it gyte;jkhf ,lg;ngaHTf;F

cs;shf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; chpikfis ,dq;fhz;gJld;> mtHfs;

kPsj;jpUk;Gk;NghJ my;yJ kPsf;FbNaWk;NghJ mtHfspd; ghJfhg;Gf;Fk;

eyDf;Fk; cj;juthjk; toq;Ffpd;wd.

2. ,e;jf; Nfhl;ghLfspd; Nehf;fk; fUjp> MAjg;Nghuhl;lk; fhuzkhf cUthFk;

ghjpg;gpypUe;J jg;gpj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;fhf my;yJ td;Kiwfs;> kdpj chpik

kPwy;fs; my;yJ kdpjdhy; Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l mdHj;jq;fs; Nghd;wit epyTk;

#o;epiyfisj; jtpHg;gjw;fhf ehl;bd;vy;iyf;Fs;Ns ,lk;ngau

epHg;ge;jpf;fg;gLk; my;yJ ,lk;ngaUk; xU FOtpdH my;yJ jdpegHfs;

cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fshFk;.

3. ,e;j Nfhl;ghLfs;> rHtNjr kdpj chpikr; rl;lq;fisAk; rHtNjr

kdpjNear; rl;lq;fisAk; gpujpgypg;gJld; mtw;iw cs;slf;fp epw;fpd;wd.

mit gpd;tUtdtw;Wf;F topfhl;bahf epw;fpd;wd:

a. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fSf;fhd nrayhsH ehafj;jpd; gpujpepjp

jd;Dila mjpfhu Mizfis epiwNtw;Wtjw;F

b. cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd rk;gtq;fis murhq;fq;fs;

vjpHnfhs;Sk;NghJ

c. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fSld; cwTfisg; NgZk; Vida

gpw mjpfhhpfs;> FOf;fs;> kw;Wk; egHfSf;F

d. kw;Wk;> murhq;f epWtdq;fSk;> mur rhHgw;w epWtdq;fSk;

cs;ehl;L ,lg;ngaHT njhlHghd tplaq;fis mZFk;NghJ

4. ,e;j topfhl;lw; Nfhl;ghLfs; gutyhf vLj;Jiuf;fg;gLtJld; ,ad;wtiuapy;

gpuNahfpf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

gf;fk; 32

gphpT 1- nghJthd Nfhl;ghLfs;gphpT 1- nghJthd Nfhl;ghLfs;gphpT 1- nghJthd Nfhl;ghLfs;gphpT 1- nghJthd Nfhl;ghLfs;gphpT 1- nghJthd Nfhl;ghLfs;

Nfhl;ghL 1Nfhl;ghL 1Nfhl;ghL 1Nfhl;ghL 1Nfhl;ghL 1

1. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs; rHtNjr kw;Wk; cs;ehl;Lr; rl;lq;fspd;

gpufhuk;> jk;Kila ehl;by; thOk; gpw kf;fs; mDgtpf;Fk; mNj chpikia

rkkhfTk; KOikahfTk; mDgtpf;f chpik cilatHfs;. cs;ehl;by;

,lk;ngaHe;jtHfs; vd;w fhuzj;Jf;fhf mtHfs; ve;jtpj ghugl;rj;Jf;Fk;

cl;gLj;jg;glf;$lhJ.

2. ,e;jf; Nfhl;ghLfs; rHtNjrr; rl;lj;jpd; fPo;> jdpegH Fw;wj;Jf;nfjpuhf

Fwpg;ghf ,dg;gLnfhiy> kdpjNeaj;Jf;nfjpuhd Fw;wr; nray;fs; kw;Wk;

NghHf; Fw;wq;fs; njhlHghd vJtpj Fw;wq;fSf;nfjpuhfTk; Ngjk;

fhl;lhjitahf tpsq;Ffpd;wd.


1. ,e;jf; Nfhl;ghLfs; midj;J mjpfhhpfshYk;> FOf;fshYk;> ve;jr; rl;l

me;j];J cila jdpegHfshYk;> mtjhdpf;fg;gLtJld;> ve;jtpjkhd

ghjfkhd NtWghLfSkpd;wp gpd;gw;wg;gLk;. ,e;jf; Nfhl;ghLfis

mtjhdpg;gJ ,jpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;Ls;s ve;jnthU mjpfhhpfisNah

FOf;fisNah my;yJ egHfisNah ghjpf;fkhl;lhJ.

2. ,e;jf; Nfhl;ghLfs;> ve;jnthU rHtNjr kdpj chpikr;rl;lq;fspdJk;

my;yJ rHtNjr kdpjNear; rl;lq;fspdJk; Vw;ghLfis tiuaiw

nra;tdthfNth my;yJ jpUj;jk; nra;tdthfNth my;yJ mjw;Fj; jPik

cz;L gz;ZtdthfNth ,Ug;gjhff; fUjg;glf;$lhJ. Fwpg;ghf> ,e;jf;

Nfhl;ghLfs;> Vida ehLfspy; milf;fyk; NfhUtjw;Fk; mij

mDgtpg;gjw;Fkhd chpikf;Fg; gq;fk; tpistpf;fhjitahf cs;sd.


1. jk;Kila ePjpeph;thfj;Jf;Fl;gl;l cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fSf;F

ghJfhg;igAk; kdpjNea cjtpiaAk; toq;fNtz;ba nghWg;G Njrpa

mjpfhhpfSf;Fz;L.

2. ,e;j mjpfhhpfsplkpUe;J kdpjNea cjtpiaAk;> ghJfhg;igAk; NfhUfpd;w

chpik cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfSf;Fz;L. ,j;jifa Nfhhpf;iffis

Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf mtHfs; ,opthf elhj;jg;glNth my;yJ jz;lidf;F

cl;gLj;jg;glNth $lhJ.


1. ,e;jf; Nfhl;ghLfs; ,dk;> epwk;> ghy;> nkhop> kjk; my;yJ ek;gpf;if>

murpay; kw;Wk; NtW VJk; fUj;Jfs;> Njrpa> ,d> my;yJ r%f %yq;fs;>

rl;l my;yJ r%f me;j];Jfs;> taJ> mq;ftPdk;> Mjdk;> gpwg;G> my;yJ

,J Nghd;w ghugl;rq;fs; VJkpd;wp gpuNahfpf;fg;gl Ntz;bad.

2. rpWtHfs;> Fwpg;ghfj; Jizaw;w rpWtHfs;> fHg;gpzpj;jha;khHfs;> ,sk;

gps;isfisf; nfhz;Ls;s jha;khHfs;> ngz;fs; jiyik jhq;Fk; FLk;gj;jpdH>

tYtpoe;jtHfs;> KjpNahHfs; Nghd;w cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fspy;

rpyUf;F mtHfs; epiyikiag; nghWj;Jk; mtHfspd; tpNrl Njitfisf;

fUj;jpy; nfhz;Lk; Nghjpa ftdpg;Gk; guhkhpg;Gk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

gf;fk; 33

gphpT 2. ,lg;ngaHtpypUe;J ghJfhg;gJ njhlHghd Nfhl;ghLfs;gphpT 2. ,lg;ngaHtpypUe;J ghJfhg;gJ njhlHghd Nfhl;ghLfs;gphpT 2. ,lg;ngaHtpypUe;J ghJfhg;gJ njhlHghd Nfhl;ghLfs;gphpT 2. ,lg;ngaHtpypUe;J ghJfhg;gJ njhlHghd Nfhl;ghLfs;gphpT 2. ,lg;ngaHtpypUe;J ghJfhg;gJ njhlHghd Nfhl;ghLfs;


rHtNjrr; nraw;ghl;lhsHfSk; midj;J mjpfhhpfSk; rHtNjr kdpj chpik

kw;Wk; kdpjNear; rl;lq;fspd; gbahd jk;Kila flikfisAk; flg;ghLfisAk;

kjpg ;gNjhL kl;Lky;yhJ midj;J re;jHg;g #o;epiyapYk; mtw;iw

cWjpg;gLj;Jtjd; %yk;> kf;fs; ,lk;ngauNtz;ba epiyikiaj; jtpHj;jYk;

jLj;jYk;.


1. xt;nthU kdpjUk;> jd;Dila tPL my;yJ ghuk;giuahf thOkplk;

Nghd;wtw ;iw tpl ;L ntspNaw epHg ;ge ;j pf ;Fk ; jd;dpr ;irahd

,lg;ngaHtpypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;ba chpik cilatHfs;.

2. fPo;tUk; #o;epiyapy; cUthFk; jd;dpr;irahd ,lg;ngaHTfs;

jtpHf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

a) epwxJf;fPL> ,dr;Rj;jpfhpg;G Nghd;w nfhs;iffspd; my;yJ

ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; ,dj;Jt> kjj;Jt> gphpT rhH fl;likg;G

tpfpjhrhuq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; cUthFk; ,lg;ngaHTfs;

b) ,jpy; rk;ge;jg;gl;l nghJkf;fspd; ghJfhg;G my;yJ ,uhZt

fhuzq;fs; kpfTk; Kf;fpakhf ,y;yhj gl;rj;jpy; MAjg;Nghuhl;lk;

epyTk; #o;epiyapy; cUthFk; ,lg;ngaHTfs;

c) nghJ kf;fspd; eyDf;Fg; gq;fk; tpistpf;Fk; my;yJ mtHfis

epHg;ge;jpf;Fk; epahakw;w ghhpasthd mgptpUj;jpj; jpl;lq;fspdhy;

cUthFk; ,lg;ngaHTfs;

d) ngUk; mdHj;jq;fs; epyTk; gpuNjrq;fspy; mtHfspd; ghJfhg;Gk;

RfhjhuKk; xU ,lg;ngaHit Ntz;bepw;fhj NghJ cUthFk;

,lg;ngaHTfs;.

e) kw;Wk; $l;L jz;lidahf gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,lg;ngaHTfs;.

3. #o;epiyj; Njit NkYk; Vw;glhj nghOJ ,lg;ngaHT ePbf;fg;glf;$lhJ.


1. kf;fis ,lk;ngauf; NfhUk; ve;jnthU jPHkhdj;Jf;Fk; Kd;djhf

rk;ge;jg;gl;l mjpfhhpfs; xl;Lnkhj;jkhd ,lg;ngaHit jtpHf;ff;$ba

rhj;jpakhd khw;wPLfs; midj;ijAk; Muha;e;jij cWjpg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

2. khw;wPLfs; ,y;yhj re;jHg;gj;jpy; ,lg;ngaHit Fiwf;ff;$ba my;yJ

mjd; ghjfkhd jhf;fq;fisf; Fiwf;ff;$ba eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;s

Ntz;Lk;. ,j;jifa ,lg;ngaHit nghWg;Ngw;Fk; mjpfhhpfs; mjpf gl;r

eilKiw ajhHj;jj;Jf;F rhj;jpakhff; $bajhf> ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fSf;F

gf;fk; 34

chpa jq;Fkplk; toq;fg;gLtij cWjpnra;a Ntz;Lk;. ,j;jifa

,lg;ngaHTfs; ghJfhg;ghd> Nghrhf;F epiwe;j> Rfhjhuk; kw;Wk; MNuhf;fpak;

epiwe;j Rw;whlypy; FLk;g mq;fj;jtHfs; gphpahjpUf;Fk; tz;zk;

,lk;ngWtJ cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

3. ,lg;ngaHthdJ MAjg; Nghuhl;lk;> mdHj;jq;fs; Nghd;w mtrufhy

epiyikfs; jtpHe;j Neuj;jpy; ,lk;ngWk;NghJ fPo;tUk; cj;juthjq;fs;

,zq;fpg; NghfNtz;Lk;.

a. rl;l mjpfhuk; ngw;w mur mjpfhup> ,j;jifa eltbf;iffs;

gpwg;gpf;fg;gLtjw;F tpNrl jPHkhdk; Nkw;nfhs;s KbAk;;.

b. ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fSf;Fj; jkJ ,lg;ngaHTf;fhd fhuzKk; mJ

njhlHghd eilKiwfSk; gw;wpa KOikahd jfty;fs;

toq;fg;gLtJk; nghUj;jkhd re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,og;gPLk; khw;W

tjptplq;fSk; toq;fg;gLtJk; cWjpg;gLj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

c. ,lk;ngauTs;s kf;fs; ,J njhlHghd jk;Kila ,zf;fj;ij

Rje;jpukhf ntspg;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

d. rk;ge;jg;gl;l mjpfhhpfs;> ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfspd; jpl;lkply; kw;Wk;

Kfhikj;Jtk; njhlHgpy; ngz;fs; cs;spl;l ghjpf;fg;gl;ltHfs;

midtiuAk; cs;slf;Ftjw;F Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

e. rl;l mKyhf;fy; eltbf;iffs; Njitg;gLk;NghJ jFjp tha;e;j

rl;l mjpfhhpfspdhy; mit epiwNtw;wg;glyhk;. mj;Jld;>

f. ,j;jifa jPHkhdq;fis nghUj;jkhd rl;l mjpfhhpfs; kPsha;T

nra;tJ cs;slq;fyhf> tpidj;jpwd; kpf;f epthuzk; xd;iwg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd chpik kjpf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.


ghjpf;fg;gl;l kf;fspd; tho;T> nfsutk;> Rje;jpuk;> kw;Wk; ghJfhg;G

Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd chpikfis kPwf;$ba tpjkhf ,lg;ngHT mikag;ngwf;$lhJ.


jk;Kila guk;giu thoplq;fSld; neUq;fpa cwitg; NgZfpd;w> mjpy;

$Ljyhf jq;fpapUf;Fk; RNjrpa kf;fs;> rpWghd;ikapdH> tptrhaf; Fbkf;fs;>

kw;Wk; Vida FOtpdiu ,lg;ngaHtpypUe;J fhf;f Ntz;ba jiyaha flg;ghL

murhq;fq;fSf;Fz;L.

gf;fk; 35

gphpT 3- ,lg;ngaHtpd; Nghjhd ghJfhg;G njhlHghd nfhs;iffs;gphpT 3- ,lg;ngaHtpd; Nghjhd ghJfhg;G njhlHghd nfhs;iffs;gphpT 3- ,lg;ngaHtpd; Nghjhd ghJfhg;G njhlHghd nfhs;iffs;gphpT 3- ,lg;ngaHtpd; Nghjhd ghJfhg;G njhlHghd nfhs;iffs;gphpT 3- ,lg;ngaHtpd; Nghjhd ghJfhg;G njhlHghd nfhs;iffs;


1. xt;nthU kdpjDk; tho;tjw;fhd chpikaf; nfhz;Ls;shd;. ,J rl;lj;jpdhy;

ghJfhf;fg;gLfpd;wJ. jd;Dila tho;tjw;fhd chpikia jd;dpr;irahfg;

gwpj;Jr;nry;y vtUk; mDkjpf;ff;$lhJ. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs;

Fwpg;ghf gpd;tUtdtw;wpypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

a) ,dg;gLnfhiy

b) nfhiy

c) $z;NlhL gLnfhiy nra;jy; my;yJ jd;dpr;irahd gLnfhiy

d) flj;jy; cs;spl;l gyte;jkhf Vw;gLj;jg;gl;l fhzhky; Nghjy;fs;>

njhpag;gLj;jg;glhj jLj;J itj;jy;> mr;RWj;jy; my;yJ kuzj;ij

cz;L gz;Zk; nraw;ghLfs;

Nkw;$wg;gl;l eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhd mr;RWj;jy;fs; kw;Wk;

J}z;Ljy;fs; Nghd;wit jtph;f;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

2. Nkhjy; rk;gtq;fspy; rk;ge;jg;glhj cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fSf;F

vjpuhf Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; jhf;Fjy;fs;> kw;Wk; Vida td;Kiwr; rk;gtq;fs;

rfy re;jHg;gq;fspYk; jtpHf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs;

Fwpg;ghf fPo;tUtdtw;wpypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

a) Fwpg;gpl;l gpuNjrj;jpy; tjpAk; kf;fSf;nfjpuhd jhf;Fjy;fs;

mq;fPfhpf;fg;gLtJ cs;slq;fyhf Neubahd my;yJ ghugl;rkw;w

jhf;Fjy;fSk; td;KiwfSk;.

b) Aj;jk; Ghptjd; xU fUtpahf gl;bdpiag; gad;gLj;jy;

c) jhf;Fjy;fspypUe;J ,uhZt ,yf;Ffisg; ghJfhg;gjw;fhf my;yJ

Kf;fpa ,uhZt eltbf;iffs; gw;wpa ,ufrpaq;fisg;

ghJfhg;gjw;fhf mtHfisf; Nflakhfg; gad;gLj;jy;.

d) mtHfspd; FbapUg;Gfs; kw;Wk; Kfhk;fs; kPjhd jhf;Fjy;fs;

e) kw;Wk; JUg;G vjpHg;Gf; fz;zpfisg; gad;gLj;jy;.


1. xt;nthU kdpjDk;> nfsutkhf thoTk;> ngsjpf kw;Wk; cstpay;>

newpKiw fl;Lf;Nfhg;Gld; thoTk; chpik nfhz;ltHfs;

gf;fk; 36

2. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs; mtHfSila Rje;jpuk; tiuaWf;fg;gl;lNjh

,y;iyNah fPo;tUtdtw;Wf;F vjpuhf mtHfs; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;batHfs;.

a) ghypay; td;GzHT> ghypay; ,k;ir> rpj;jputij> nfh^ur; nray;fs;>

kdpjNeakw;w ,opTgLj;Jk; elj;ijfs; kw;Wk; jdpegH nfsutj;ijg;

ghjpf;Fk; nraw;ghLfs; cjhuzkhf ghy;epiy rhHe;j td;Kiwfs;>

epHg;ge;jj;jpy; eilngWk; ghypay; njhopy; Nghd;w VNjDk;

fz;zpakw;w jhf;Fjy;fs;

b) mbikg;gLj;jy; my;yJ mbikj;jd;ikapd; NtWtbtj;ijg;

gpuNahfpj;jy;. cjhuzkhf jpUkzj;Jf;fhf gzj;Jf;F ngz;fis

tpw ;gid nra;jy; > ghypay; J\;gpuNahfk; > rpWtHfis

fl;lhaj;Jf;Fs;shf;fp Ntiyf;fkHj;jy;

c) kw;Wk;> ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs; kj;jpapy; gPjpia cUthf;Ftjw;fhf

td;Kiwr; rk;gtq;fis Nkw;nfhs;sy;. Nkw;$wg;gl;l VNjDk;

eltbf;iffis Nkw;nfhs;jy; my;yJ Nkw;nfhs;sTs;sjhf

mr;RWj;jy; ce;Jjy; Nghd;wit jtpHf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.


1. xt;nthU kdpjDk; jd;Dila jdpg;gl;l Rje;jpuj;ijAk; ghJfhg;igAk;

mDgtpf;f chpik nfhz;ltHfs;. vtiuAk; jd;dpr;irahff; ifJ nra;aNth

my;yJ jLj;Jitf;fNth KbahJ.

2. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fspd; chpikfSf;F Nghjpa fhj;jpuk;

toq;fNtz;Lkhdhy;> mtHfs; xU KfhKf;Fs; Klf;fpitf;fg;glNth my;yJ

fhtypy; itf;fg;glNth $lhJ. jtpHf;fg;glKbahj re;jHg;gq;fspy; ,j;jifa

Vw;ghLfs; mtrpakhfpd;wd. #o;epiyj; Njit njhluhj gl;rj;jpy; ,tw;Wf;F

mtrpakpy;iy.

3. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs;> ,lg;ngaHtpd; fhuzkhf cUthFk;

ghugl;rkhd ifJfs; kw;Wk; jLj;Jitg;Gfs; Nghd;wtw;wpypUe;J

ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;batHfs;.

4. ve;j xU re;jHg;gj;jpYk; cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs; gzaf;ifjpahfg;

gpbf;fg;glf;$lhJ.


1. ve;j xU re;jHg;gj;jpYk; ,lk;ngaHe;j rpWtHfs; MAj Nkhjy;fspy;

Ml;NrHf;fg;glNth> my;yJ gq;Fgw;Wk;gb Nfhug;glNth my;yJ

mDkjpf;fg;glNth KbahJ.

gf;fk; 37

2. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs; jkJ ,lg;ngaHT fhuzkhf ve;jnthU

MAjj ;jug ;g pYk ; my ;yJ FOtpYk ; ghugl ;rkhd Kiwapy ;

Ml;NrHf;fg;gLtjpypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;batHfs;. Fwpg;ghf>

Ml;NrHg;Gf;F ,zq;fpg;Nghf typAWj;Jk; my;yJ ,zq;fpg; Nghfhikf;F

jz;liz toq;Fk; ve;jnthU nfh^u> kdpjNeakw;w> ,opTgLj;Jk;

eilKiwfs; rfy re;jHg;gq;fspYk; jtpHf;fg;gl Ntz;bait.


1. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j xt;nthUtUk; jd;Dila ,Ug;gplj;ijj; njhpT

nra;tjw;fhd Rje;jpuKk;> elkhLtjw;fhd Rje;jpuKk; nfhz;ltHfs;.

2. Fwpg;ghf> cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfs; jkJ Kfhk;fSf;F cs;NsAk;

ntspNaAk; elkhLtjw;Fk; Vida FbapUg;Gf;fSf;fpilNa elkhLtjw;Fk;

Rje;jpuk; nfhz;ltHfs;.


cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfs; fPo;tUk; chpikfisf; nfhz;ltHfs;.

1. ehl;bd; Vida ghfj;jpy; ghJfhg;ig ehLtjw;fhd chpik

2. jk;Kila ehl;iltpl;L ntspNaWtjw;fhd chpik

3. ,d;ndhU ehl;by; milf;fyk; NfhUtjw;fhd chpik

4. kw;Wk; jk;Kila capH> ghJfhg;G> Rje;jpuk; kw;Wk; / my;yJ Rfhjhuk;

Nghd;wit Mgj;Jf;Fl;gl;ls;s gpuNjrq;fSf;F type;J kPsj;jpUg;gp

mDg ;gg ;gLtjpy pUe ;J my ;yJ k Psf ;FbNaw ;wg ;gLtjpy pUe ;J

ghJfhf;fg;gLtjw;F chpik nfhz;ltHfs;.


1. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs; midtUk; jk;Kila fhzhky; Nghd

cwtpdHfspd; fjp gw;wpAk; mtHfspd; ,Ug;G gw;wpAk; mwpe;J nfhs;tjw;fhd

chpj;JilatHfs;.

2. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfspy; fhzhky; NghdtHfs; vd;W mwptpf;fg;gl;l

egHfspd; fjp gw;wpAk; ,Ug;G gw;wpAk; mwpaj;jUtjw;F rk;ge;jg;gl;l

mjpfhhpfs; Kaw;rp Nkw;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;. mj;Jld;> ,e;j nraw;ghl;by;

<Lgl;Ls;s chpa rHtNjr epWtdq;fSld; xj;Jioj;J nraw;glNtz;Lk;.

,J njhlHghd eltbf;iffspd; Kd;Ndw;wk; gw;wp fhzhkw; NghNdhhpd;

neUq;fpa cwtpdHfSf;F njhpag;gLj;j Ntz;Lk;.

gf;fk; 38

3. rk;ge;jg;gl;l mjpfhhpfs;> ,we;JNghdtHfspd; vr;rq;fis ,dq;fz;L

Nrfhpg;gJld;> mit rpije;JNghfhkYk; mopTwhkYk; fhj;J mtw;iw

neUq;fpa cwtpdHfSf;F ifaspg;gjd; %yk;> ,we;jtHfspd; vr;rq;fis

khpahijahf mfw;Wtjw;F topnra;aNtz;Lk;.

4. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfspd; fy;yiwfs; midj;J re;jHg;gj;jpYk;

ghJfhf;fg;gl;L kjpf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfs; jk;Kila

,we;j cwtpdHfspd; fy;yiwfSf;F tp[ak; nra;a chpj;JilatHfs;.


1. xt;nthU kdpjDk; jd;Dila FLk;g tho;f;iff;F kjpg;G toq;Ftjw;F

chpik nfhz;ltHfs;.

2. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fspdJ chpikia tYg;gLj;Jtjw;fhf

xd;WNrHe;J ,Uf;f tpUk;Gk; FLk;gj;jtHfSf;F mjw;F mDkjp toq;fg;gl

Ntz;Lk;.

3. ,lg;ngaHT fhuzkhf gphpe;Js;s FLk;gq;fs; ,ad;wtiuapy; tpiuthf

xd;WNrHf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,j;jifa FLk;gq;fis Fwpg;ghf> rpWtHfisf;

nfhz;Ls;s FLk;gq;fis kPs xd;WNrHg;gjw;F nghUj;jkhd midj;J

eltbf;iffSk; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;. nghWg;Gs;s mjpfhhpfs; FLk;g

mq;fj;jtHfspd; tprhuizfSf;Fg; gjpyspj;J mDruiz toq;FtNjhL

FLk;gq;fis xd;W NrHf;Fk; gzpapy; <Lgl;bUf;Fk; kdpjNea

mikg;Gf;fSf;F Cf;Ftpg;Gk; xj;Jiog;Gk; toq;fNtz;Lk;.

4. Kfhk;fspy; itf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhy; my;yJ Klf;fp itf;fg;gl;bUg;gjhy;>

jk;Kila jdpg;gl;l Rje;jpuj;ij ,oe;J epw;Fk; cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j

FLk;g mq;fj;jtHfs; xd;wpize;J tho chpik nfhz;ltHfs;.


1. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j midj;J kf;fSk; NghJkhd tho;f;ifj; juj;ij

mDgtpg;gjw;F chpj;JilatHfs;.

2. #o;epiy vJthapUe;jhYk;>> ghugl;rk; vJTkpd;wp> cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j

kf;fSf;F Fiwe;j gl;rk; fPo;tUtdtw;iwahtJ ngw;Wf; nfhLg;gjw;Fk;

mtHfSf;F ,tw;iwf; fpilf;fr; nra;tjw;Fk; jFjp tha;e;j mjpfhhpfs;

eltbf;if Nkw;nfhs;sNtz;Lk;.

a) mj;jpahtrpa czTk; Fbf;ff;$ba ePUk;

b) mbg;gil tjptpl kw;Wk; tPlikg;G trjpfs;

gf;fk; 39

c) Njitahd cLJzpfs; kw;Wk;>

d) mj;jpahtrpa itj;jpa> Rfhjhu trjpfs;.

3. ,e;j mbg;gil toq;fy;fisj; jpl;lkpLtjpYk; tpdpNahfpg;gjpYk; ngz;fspd;

KOg;gq;fspg;ig cWjpnra;tjw;F tpNrl Kaw;rpfs; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl

Ntz;Lk;.


1. fhag;gl;l> Neha;tha;g;gl;l kw;Wk; Mw;wy; Fiwe;j midj;J cs;ehl;by;

,lk; ngaHe;j kf;fSk; kUj;Jt fhuzq;fs; my;yhj NtW fhuzq;fis

Kd;itj;J ghugl;rk; fhl;lg;glhky;> jhk; NfhUk; kUj;Jt guhkhpg;igAk;

ftdpg;igAk; ,ad;wtiuapy; Ntz;ba Neuj;jpy; Fiwe;j gl;r jhkjj;jpy;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;F chpik nfhz;ltHfs;. Njitg;gLk; Neuj;jpy; cstpay;

kw;Wk; r%f Nritfisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; mtHfSf;F chpik cs;sJ.

2. kfspH Rfhjhu guhkhpg;G toq;FdHfisAk;> ,dg;ngUf;f Rfhjhuk;> ghypay;

J~;gpuNahfj;jpw;F cl;gl;ltHfSf;fhd csMw;Wg;gLj;jy; Nghd;w

NritfisAk; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;F topNaw;gLj;jy; cs;slq;fyhf

ngz;fspd; Rfhjhu NjitfSf;F tpNrl ftdpg;G toq;Fjy;.

3. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs; kj;jpapy; va;l;]; cs;spl;l njhLif

%yk; guTk; Neha;fs; njhw;W Neha;fs; Nghd;wNeha;fspd; jLg;G njhlHghf

tpNrl ftdk; nrYj;jy;.


1. xt;nthU kdpjDk; rl;lj;jpd; Kd; xU eguhf ,dq;fhzg;gLtjw;F

chpj;JilatHfs;.

2. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fspd; ,e;j chpikf;Fg; gyk; NrHg;gjw;fhf

mtHfs; jk;Kila rl;l chpikfisg; gpuNahfpg;gjw;Fk;> mjid

mDgtpg;gjw;Fk; Njitahd Mtzq;fshd flTr;rPl;Lf;fs;> milahs

ml;ilfs;> gpwg;G rhd;wpjo;fs;> jpUkz rhd;wpjo;fs; Nghd;wtw;iw rk;ge;jg;gl;l

mjpfhhpfs;> toq;fNtz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghf ,lg;ngaHtpd;NghJ njhiye;j

Mtzq;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf Gjpa Mtzq;fis toq;Ftjpy; epahakw;w

epge;jidfis gpd;gw;whjpUj;jy;. cjhuzkhf> ,j;jifa Mtzq;fisg;

ngwNtz;Lkhdhy;> mtHfs; ghuk;giuahf tho;e;J te;j ,lq;fSf;F

kPsj;jpUk;gpr; nry;yNtz;Lk; vd;w tpjkhd epge;jid tpjpf;fg;glf;$lhJ.

3. ,j;jifa mtrpakhd Mtzq;fisg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjpy; Mz;fSf;Fk;

ngz;fSf;Fk; rk chpik toq;fg;gLtJld;> jk;Kila nrhe;jg; ngahpy;

,tw;iwg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd chpikAk; toq;fg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

gf;fk; 40


1. vthplkpUe;Jk; nrhj;Jf;fNsh clikfNsh jd;dpr;irahf gwpj;njLf;fg;gl

KbahJ.

2. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfspd; nrhj;Jf;fSk; clikfSk; rfy

re;jHg;gq;fspYk; ghJfhf;fg;glNtz;bad. Fwpg;ghff; fPo;tUtdtw;wpypUe;J

mtw;iwg; ghJfhf;f Ntz;Lk;.

a) nfhs;is

b) Neubahd my;yJ ghugl;rkhd jhf;Fjy;fs; my;yJ td;Kiwr;

nray;fs;.

c) ,uhZt eltbf;iffspy; my;yJ ,yf;;Ffspy; ftrkhfg;

gad;gLj;jy;.

d) gopthq;Fk; my;yJ jz;lid toq;Fk; fUtpahfg; gad;gLj;jy; kw;Wk;>

e) $l;L jz;lidapd; xU tbtkhf Nrjj;Jf;Fs;shf;fg;gLjy;> my;yJ

ifNafg;gLj;jy;.

3. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs; tpl;Lr;nrd;w nrhj;Jf;fSk; clikfSk;

moptpypUe;Jk; gpwhpd; jd;dpr;irahd ifNafg;gLj;jy;fspypUe;Jk; rl;ltpNuhj

gad;ghl;bypUe;Jk; ghJfhf;fg;gl Ntz;bad.


cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs; Kfhk;fspy; tho;e;jhYk; ,y;yhtpl;lhYk;

jk;Kila ,lg;ngaHtpd; fhuzkhf fPo;tUk; chpikfis mDgtpg;gjpy; ghugl;rk;

fhl;lg;glf; $lhJ.

a) rpe;jpg;gjw;F> tpNtfj;Jld; ,Ug;gjw;F> kjk; my;yJ ek;gpf;ifiag;

gpd;gw;Wtjw;F> mgpg;gpuhaq;fs; kw;Wk; fUj;Jf;fis ntspg;gLj;Jtjw;fhd

chpik.

b) Ntiytha;g;igg; ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd re;jHg;gj;ijg; gad;gLj;Jk; kw;Wk;

nghUshjhu eltbf;iffspy; gq;F nfhs;Sk; chpik.

c) Rje;jpukhff; fye;JwthLtjw;Fk;> r%f tplaq;fspy; rkkhfg;

gq;Fnfhs;tjw;Fkhd chpik.

d) thf;fspg;gjw;Fk;> murhq;f kw;Wk; nghJ tptfhuq;fspy; gq;F nfhs;tjw;Fkhd

chpikAk; ,e;j chpikiag; gpuNahfpg;gjw;fhd topKiwfs; midj;ijAk;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;fhd chpikAk;.

e) jhk; Ghpe;J nfhs;Sk; nkhopapy; njhlHG nfhs;tjw;fhd chpik.

gf;fk; 41


1. xt;nthU kdpjDf;Fk; fy;tp fw;gjw;fhd chpik cs;sJ.

2. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;jtHfspd; ,e;j chpikf;Fg; gyk; Nrh;g;gjw;fhf>

,tHfs; Fwpg;ghf> Muk;gf;fy;tpiag; ngw;Wf;nfhs;tjw;fhd Rje;jpuKk;

mtrpaKk; ngw;w ,lk;ngaHe;j rpWtHfs; ,e;jf; fy;tp trjpiag;

ngw;Wf;nfhs;fpwhHfs; vd;gij rk;ge;jg;gl;l mjpfhhpfs;> cWjp nra;a

Ntz;Lk.; fy;tpahdJ mtHfspd; fyhr;rhuj;ij> nkhopia> kjj;ij

milahsg;gLj;Jtjhf tpsq;f Ntz;Lk;.

3. fy;tp rhHe;j epfo;r;rpj; jpl;lq;fspy; ngz;fSf;Fk; AtjpfSf;Fk; KOikahd

rkkhd gq;fspg;G cs;sJ vd;gij ep&gpg;gjw;F tpNrl Kaw;rpfs;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

4. fy;tp kw;Wk; gapw;rp trjpfs; cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fSf;F fpilf;fg;

ngwNtz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghfg; ngz;fSf;Fk; tshpsk; gUtj;jpdUf;Fk; mtHfs;

Kfhk;fspy; tho;e;jhYk; thohtpl;lhYk;> #o;epiyfs; re;jHg;gk; toq;Fk;

gl;rj;jpy; clDk; tha;g;Gf;fs; Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;fg;glNtz;Lk;.

gf;fk; 42

gphpT 4 kdpj Nea cjtpfs; njhlHghd Nfhl;ghLfs;gphpT 4 kdpj Nea cjtpfs; njhlHghd Nfhl;ghLfs;gphpT 4 kdpj Nea cjtpfs; njhlHghd Nfhl;ghLfs;gphpT 4 kdpj Nea cjtpfs; njhlHghd Nfhl;ghLfs;gphpT 4 kdpj Nea cjtpfs; njhlHghd Nfhl;ghLfs;


1. midj ;J kdpjNea cjtpfSk; kdpjNea Nfhl ;ghLfSld;

,zq;fpg;Nghff;$bathW> ghugl;rk; ,y;yhkYk;> rkj;Jtj;JlDk;

Nkw;nfhs;sg;gl Ntz;Lk;.

2. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fSf;fhd kdpjNea cjtpfs;> murpay; kw;Wk;

,uhZt fhuzq;fSf;fhf jpirjpUg;gg;glf;$lhJ.


1. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fSf;F midj;J kdpjNeacjtpfisAk;

toq;Ftjw;fhd jiyaha nghWg;G Njrpa mjpfhhpfSf;Nf cs;sJ.

2. rHtNjr kdpj chpik epWtdq;fSk;> kw;Wk; Vida nghUj;jkhd

nraw;ghl;lhsHfSk;> cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;NjhH njhlHghfj; jkJ Nritfis

toq;Ftjw;F chpik nfhz;ltHfs;. ,j;jifa Kd;tUjy; xU KuZs;s

eltbf;ifahfNth murpd; cs;ehl;L tplaq;fspy; jiyapLtjhfNth

fUjg;glf;$lhJ. ,jid ey;nyz;zj;Jld; Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; cjtpahfNt

ghHf;fNtz;Lk;. Fwpg;ghf rk;ge;jg;gl;l mjpfhhpfs; Ntz;ba kdpjNea cjtpfis

toq;f Kd;tuhj epiyapy; ,jw;fhd ,zf;fj;ij> ntspg;gLj;jhky; jkJ

,r;irg;gb itj;jpUf;f KbahJ.

3. rk;ge;jg;gl;l midj;J mjpfhhpfSk;> kdpjNea cjtpfs; jilapy;yhky;

fpilf;fg; ngWtjw;fhd toptiffis Vw;gLj;jpf; nfhLf;f Ntz;Lk;.

mj;Jld;> ,j;jifa kdpjNea cjtpfis toq;Fk; eltbf;iffspy;

<Lgl;bUf;Fk; egHfs;> cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;Njhiu tpiuthfTk; jilfs;

vJTkpy;yhkYk; mZFtjw;F cjtpnra;jy; Ntz;Lk;.


kdpjNea cjtpfs; toq;Ftjpy; <Lgl;bUf;Fk; egHfspd; Nghf;Ftuj;J kw;Wk;

mtHfSf;fhd toq;fy ;fspd ; tpdpNahfk ; Nghd ;wit kjpf ;fg ;gl ;L

ghJfhf;fg;glNtz;Lk;. ,it> jhf;Fjy;fspd; my;yJ Vida td;Kiwr; rk;gtq;fspd;

,yf;fhff; fUjg;glf;$lhJ.


1. rHtNjr kdpjNea mikg;Gf;fSk;> Vida chpa nraw;ghl;lhsHfSk;

,ize;J kdpjNea cjtpfis toq;f Kd;tUk;NghJ> cs;ehl;by;

,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fspd; kdpj chpikfs;> ghJfhg;G> Njitfs; njhlHghd

tplaq;fspy; Nghjpa ftdk; nrYj;jg;gl Ntz;Lk;. ,t;thW nra;Ak;NghJ>

epWtdq;fSk; nraw;ghl;lhsHfSk;> chpa rHtNjr epakq;fisAk;> xOf;ff;

NfhitfisAk; gpd;gw;w Ntz;Lk;.

2. Nkw;$wg;gl;l ge;jpahdJ> ,e;j Nehf;fj;jpw;fhf mjpfhu Miz ngw;w

rHtNjr epWtdq;fspd; ghJfhg;G nghWg;Gf;fs; njhlHghd jg;ghd fUj;;Jf;fs;

vjidAk; nfhz;bUf;ftpy;iy.

gf;fk; 43

gphpT 5 - kPsj;jpUk;Gjy;> kPs; FbNaw;wk; kw;Wk; kPspizg;G njhlHghd Nfhl;ghLfs;gphpT 5 - kPsj;jpUk;Gjy;> kPs; FbNaw;wk; kw;Wk; kPspizg;G njhlHghd Nfhl;ghLfs;gphpT 5 - kPsj;jpUk;Gjy;> kPs; FbNaw;wk; kw;Wk; kPspizg;G njhlHghd Nfhl;ghLfs;gphpT 5 - kPsj;jpUk;Gjy;> kPs; FbNaw;wk; kw;Wk; kPspizg;G njhlHghd Nfhl;ghLfs;gphpT 5 - kPsj;jpUk;Gjy;> kPs; FbNaw;wk; kw;Wk; kPspizg;G njhlHghd Nfhl;ghLfs;


1. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fs;> jkJ tPLfSf;F my;yJ guk;giuahf

tho;e;J te;j thoplq;fSf;F ghJfhg;GlDk; nfsutj;JlDk; kPsj;jpUk;gp

tUtjw;F my;yJ kPsf;FbNaWtjw;F chpa #o;epiyfis cUthf;fpf;

nfhLg;gJ my;yJ mjw;F toprikg;gJ jFjp tha;e;j mjpfhhpfspd; gpujhd

flikahFk;. ,j;jifa mjpfhhpfs; jpUk;gpte;j> kPsf;FbNawpa> my;yJ

cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fspd; kPspizg;ig ,yFgLj;Jtjw;F Kaw;rpfs;

Nkw;nfhs;s Ntz;Lk;.

2. cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j kf;fspd; kPsj;jpUk;Gjy;> kPs; FbNaw;wk;> kw;Wk;

kPspizg;G njhlHghd jpl;lkply;> Kfhikj;Jt nraw;ghLfspy; ,tHfspd;

gq;fspg;igAk; cWjpg;gLj;jy;.


1. jkJ tPLfSf;F my;yJ guk;giuahf tho;e;j thoplq;fSf;F jpUk;gpte;j

my;yJ ehl;bd; NtnwhU gFjpapy; FbNawpa cs;ehl;by; ,lk;ngaHe;j

kf;fSf;F vjpuhf mtHfs; ,lkngaHe;jtHfs; vd;w fhuzj;Jf;fhf vJtpj

ghugl ;rKk ; fhl ;lg ;glf ;$lhJ. ,tHfs ; rfy kl ;lq ;fspYk ;

nghJtptfhuq;fspy; rkkhfg; gq;Nfw;gjw;Fk; nghJr;Nritfis rkkhfg;

ngw;Wf; nfhs;tjw;Fk; chpj;JilatHfs; MtH.

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njhiyNgrp/njhiy efy; : +94–11–4610943/4Neub : +94–11–4616824

kpd;dQ;ry; : [email protected] [email protected]

,izajsk; : www.humanitarian-srilanka.org

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