csiro cmm research - global methane
TRANSCRIPT
CSIRO CMM Research
Dr Hua Guo Advanced Coal Technology
CSIRO
The Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation (CSIRO)
• Is Australia’s national science agency and largest scientific enterprise
• Has an annual budget of more than $1.3 billion
• Employs 6,500 staff
Australian Coal Industry Overview
Secure, reliable and competitive supplier World’s largest exporter – about 28% of world coal market in 2008-09
2009-2010 coal production statistics raw black coal: 471Mt saleable black coal: 366Mt
2008-09 exports: 261Mt ($A55 billion) Black and brown coal account for 80% of Australia’s electric power (with black coal accounting for 57%)
Australian Coal Mining Fugitive Emissions
Total fugitive emissions from coal mining 29 Mt CO2-e during 2009 which is about 5% of national total GHG emissions (DCCEE, 2011) Sources of coal mining fugitive emissions: 61% underground mining operations
31% open-cut mining
8% post-mining and decommissioned mines
CSIRO CMM Research - Key Areas
• Surface and underground coal mine gas emission
measurement and estimation methods
• CMM capture or drainage maximisation
• VAM mitigation and utilisation
Estimating Fugitive Emissions From Open Cut Mining
• Tier 1 –Generic EF for mining • very rough (~0.5 to 1 m3/t)
• Tier 2 –Basin specific • improved but preliminary
• Tier 3 –Mine specific
• reasonably accurate.
Acc
urac
y
Tier 2
Tier 3
Cost $
Tier 1
Coal mine emissions are traditionally expressed in terms of specific emissions: volume of gas emitted per tonne of coal extracted (m3/t), Emission Factor (EF).
Measurement Techniques For Underground Mines
• Pitot probe • Accurate measurements • Significant velocity profile
Developing ECBM for Enhanced Methane Capture
• CUCBM (China), CSIRO and JCOAL are carrying out an ECBM field trial under the Asia Pacific Partnership
• Targeted coal seams are at ~500m, at Liulin Gas Block, Luliang City, Shanxi Province
• The injection well is a multi-lateral horizontal well with ~3.5km length
• Field trial to be completed before the end of 2011
CSIRO Surface Goaf Gas Drainage
Techniques
• Design of optimal drainage systems (number of holes, size, and location)
• Equipment selection and drainage operations
O2 conc. (0.21 = 21%)
Surface goaf holes
Drainage simulation and design
Outcomes • 50% - 200% increase in gas
capture • Production increase in Australian
mines
Integrated Coal and Methane Extraction
Change in permeability and
reservoir pressure
Mining induced strata fracture/deformation
Ground Water Flow Gas diffusion and flow Change in reservoir
pressure and relative permeability
Change in effective stress
Vertical Displacement
Caved, fractured and deformed zones
CSIRO Software COSFLOW
Multi-Seam Gas Flow and Emission Simulation - COSFLOW
Integrated Coal and Methane Extraction of Deep and Multi-Seams
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
-400 -250 -100 50 200 350 500 650 800 950
Distance behind LW face/m
Pres
sure
/mH
20
Roof 18mRoof 7mRoof 15mRoof 43mRoof 88mRoof 145m
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
-400 -250 -100 50 200 350 500 650 800 950
Distance behind LW face/m
Pres
sure
/mH
20
Roof 237m
-400
-300
-200
-100
0
100
200
-400 -250 -100 50 200 350 500 650 800 950
Distance behind LW face/m
Pres
sure
/mH
20
Roof 466m
Surface
Piezometer
454m
555m
657m
Alluvium
Sandstone
Clay&Sand
Clay set
Sand set
Coal 11-2
735m
Coal 13-1
Coal 17-2
Sandstone
Roof 237m
Roof 466m
Roof 145m
Roof 88m
Roof 43m
Roof 15m Roof 7m
Floor 18m
Sand set
Clay set
Claystone
Measurement BH
Overburden strata fluid pressure monitoring during mining at Huainan China
VAMCAT Technology
• A new lean burn catalytic combustion gas turbine system, which can be powered with about 1% methane in the air
• Developed for the mitigation and utilisation of low concentration methane in mine ventilation air and poor drainage gas
VAMCAT 25kWe demonstration unit at QCAT
VAM Capture Research
Goal To develop an innovative technology of concentrating mine ventilation air methane (VAM) to high concentrations of ≥30%, or to levels that meet the requirements of lean-burn gas turbines.
Innovative technology Nano-structured carbon fibre composite adsorbents, fabricated in honeycomb monoliths, enable the CH4 capture in a dry process, high dust environment with low pressure drop.
WO 2009/026637 A1
VAM Capture Technology (Continued)
Lab scale study results Adsorption breakthrough: more than 95% of the methane captured from both simulated VA.
Sample No. 32Absolute pressure: 1atmRoom temperatureMass flow rate: 0.2SLMSimulated ventilation air: VAM1
Time, s
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
CH
4 or C
O2 C
once
ntra
tion,
%
-0.1
0.0
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8Gas switch time to chamber
outlet CH4 concentrationOutlet CO2 concentration
0.011%
Sample No.32Absolute pressure: 1atmRoom temperatureMass flow rate: 0.2SLMSimulated ventilation air: VAM2
Time, s
0 100 200 300 400 500 600 700 800 900 1000
CH
4 or C
O2 C
once
ntra
tion,
%
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2Gas switch time to chamber
outlet CH4 concentrationOutlet CO2 concentration
0.021%
Adsorption breakthrough test with simulated VAM1 & VAM2
Closure
• CSIRO has undertaken a wide range of CMM research over the last 20 years
• CSIRO has successfully developed advanced CMM technologies and delivered significant benefits to the coal industry
• Several key new CSIRO CMM and VAM technologies will
be trialled at mine sites over the next few years
Acknowledgements
• Australian Coal Association Research Program
• Department of Resources Energy and Tourism - Asia Pacific Partnership (APP)
• Department of Climate Change and Energy Efficiency - Australia China Climate Change Partnership
• Department of Innovation, Industry, Science and Research -International Science Linkages Program
• Xstrata Coal, Anglo American Coal, BHPB, and BMA
• NEDO, JCOAL, Huainan Coal, and CUCBM
