CSP and Effective Septage & Faecal Sludge Management

Suresh Kumar RohillaPrograme Director, CSE

th l18th July 2016

Elements for Sustainable Urban S it ti A ti

Livelihood and

Sanitation  ‐ A perspectiveClimateLivelihood and 

quality of lifeof urban population

SectorsPublic Infrastructure including transport

Health facilities

Climate Change

Housing (formal/in

Land use

Water resources

Public Health

Sanitation

Water supply

Solid waste

Storm Access to (formal/informal)

Pollution control 

Waste water

Storm water

Access to toilets

BusinessIndustry

Environmental l

Gender

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Quality

Elements of urban development and their linkages with water resources – sanitationlinkages with water resources – sanitation

Causes of water contamination

Ground water Contamination

Multiple dimensions 

Stagnation Causes of water contamination 

Sewage into streams 

Direct contact with polluted 

water Direct disposal 

Direct discharge into water bodies 

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Urban Sanitation initiatives - Overview

as well as NationalNational Mission Clean Ganga

118 Cities

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Introduction to National Urban Sanitation Policy - 2008Sanitation Policy - 2008

All cities & towns become -

1. totally sanitized, healthy and liveable ,

2. and ensure and sustain good public health and environmental outcomes for all their citizens

Visionenvironmental outcomes for all their citizens

3. with a special focus on hygienic and affordable sanitation facilities for the urban poor and women.

1. Awareness Generation and Behaviour ChangeSpecific 

2. Achieving Open Defecation Free Cities

3. Achieving Integrated City-Wide Sanitation

goals

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MOUD, GOI launched a NUSP to address all aspects related to urban sanitation in a comprehensive manner on November 12, 2008.

National Urban Sanitation Policy 2008

All cities and towns become totally sanitized, healthy and livable, ensure and sustain public health and environmental

t f ll th i itioutcomes for all their citizens.

Mil t f 100% S it tiMilestones for 100% Sanitation1. Open Defecation Free2 Wastewater and Drainage safely managed2. Wastewater and Drainage safely managed

a) All grey water collected and disposed off safely;b) All storm water is properly managedb) All storm water is properly managed

Sanitary and Safe Disposal100 % f h t d li id t f ll• 100 % of human excreta and liquid wastes from all sanitation facilities must be disposed of safely.

This will be achieved by:This will be achieved by:• Ensuring that all human wastes are collected, treated and

disposed of safely;p y• Promoting proper disposal and treatment of sludge from

on- site installations (septic tanks, pit latrines, etc.);• Promoting proper functioning of network-based sewerage

systems and ensuring connections of households to them;• Encourage recycle and reuse of treated waste water• Encourage recycle and reuse of treated waste water

for non-potable applications, wherever possible.

• Responsibility for provision of sanitation facilities in the t i il t ith l l t b dicountry primarily rests with local government bodies.

• The State and Central Govt. act as facilitators, through genabling policies, budgetary support and capacity development

• Central Govt. through the 5 Year Plans, guides investment in the sector by allocating funds for Strategic priorities.

NUSP – Implementation t tstrategy

NUSP Instruments GoI

• Assistance to prepare DPRs• PPP for key projects• Funding of projects under

CitiesStates

State Sanitation Strategies

City Sanitation

Plans

Funding of projects under existing schemes:• National and State level• PPPStrategies Plans

Detailed Project

PPP• External funding agencies

• Support clarification of institutional roles and

State Reward j

Reports

Implementation

responsibilities• National information, education

and communication strategy

Scheme

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Implementation• National capacity building

strategy• M&E: Periodic rating of cities

What does CSP achieve ?Robust Institutional set upFinancial sustainabilityyRobust baseline information databaseUnderstanding of existing systemAwareness generationCitizens participationTechnological options – combined / integrated approachCustomised solutions

CSP is not a DPR ...

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CSP as a framework to formulate solutions for the illustrated

problem areasCity Sanitation

Planning as a process

Inception

g p

Phase I: Diagnosis

plan

ning

Phase II: Consultation, analysis andevaluation

ipat

ory

p

Phase III: Strategy development

Part

ic

M1: City Sanitation Plan ‐ Relevance and added values

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Finalisation

CSP : Reaching an informed decision from various optionsReaching an informed decision from various options

The final aim of strategy development is reaching an i f d d i i th t b l i d t t k h ldinformed decision that can be explained to stakeholders, council and CSTF and that is implementable

• Every context is different There is no blue-print solution

• Use your data for analysis• Use your data for analysis• Consider various options• Discuss options within the CSTF and the technicalDiscuss options within the CSTF and the technical

teams of the ULB• Options need to be assessed not only technically,

but financially, socially, environmentally and for human resources

Most part of city depends on Septic 

Tanks (ST)

Y

Are existing ST designed per standards

Retrofit/Replace existing ST in conformity with design standards

N

Sewage /Effluent management

Strategy Development :

Does any secondary treatment system exist

Does any STP exist in the area

Ensure ST effluent/grey 

water from HH is connected to soak N

N YSeptage management

Sewage /Effluent management

system exist for ST effluent

Can existing STP receive/be  Explore other 

connected to soak pit

N

YY

Is there a small bore network in the vicinity

augmented for receiving hydraulic 

load

pseptage treatment 

systems

NYY

N

Connect to the small bore sewer network to 

collect&transport effluent for treatment

Co‐treat septage with wastewater and reuse/dispose per 

standards

Develop a small bore network to 

collect&transport effluent for treatment

Existing ST as 

interceptors

Reuse/Recover

Small Bore Sewer

Decentralized treatment system

Natural drying

Anaerobic digestion

Drying beds

Urban Planning tools in IndiaWhere does CSP come ?

Master Plan CSP

DPR

Plan

Macro Planning MesoPlanning

Micro Planning

CSP

CDPSFC PoA

PPRFeasibility StudyPre‐feasibility Study

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Baseline Study

Major initiatives - Timeline • 2008 - Release of the National Urban Sanitation Policy - Service level benchmarking : benchmarks adopted in

six critical areas incl WS and Sewerage etcsix critical areas incl. WS and Sewerage etc. • 2009 - Capacity building schemes for ULBs – supported

by creation of CoE at nine reputed institutions• 2010 - Ranking of 436 Class I cities in 2010 under NUSP

• 2011 – CSE Policy paper on Septage Management

• 2013 – MoUD Released Advisory on Septage2013 MoUD Released Advisory on Septage Management to ULBs

Major initiatives - Timeline

• Mizoram, Agartala, Tamilnadu, Karnataka states issued notification / policy on septageissued notification / policy on septage management including pilot projects.

• 2014/15 – Swacch Bharat (U/R), Smart Cities –100 no.s , AMRUT – 500 no.s cities & NMCG –00 o s , U 500 o s c t es & CG118 town / cities along river Ganga

All national flagship programmes and states now focusing on sanitation focusing on solid and liquid waste management incl. septage management.

SBM  AMRUT  NMCG • Covers all (4040 • Cover 500 • Focus on 118

Need for Coherance between various Programmes

• Covers  all (4040 no.s) statutory towns

• Cover 500 towns/cities

• Focus on 118 towns/ cities along River Ganga

• 100% elimination of open defecation

• 100% coverage with water supply 100%

• Focus on riverpollution abatement –defecation 

• Targets by 2019 : 1.05 million 

• 100% coverage with sewer connections or 

abatement sewage and industrial  ffl ttoilets, 5 lakh

community toilets, 100 

septagemanagement system

effluents 

,collection, processing  and disposal of solid

system 

disposal of solid waste

Align your goals with SBM & AMRUT NMCG f G b i t t / itiNMCG for Ganga basin states/cities

SBM• 100% elimination of open defecation • 100% door to door collection • 100% transportation of waste • 100% processing and safe disposal

AMRUT

• 100% coverage with water supply• 100% coverage with sewer connections or septagemanagement systemmanagement system

NMCG ( in case of Ganga basin states/cities)• Focus on 118 towns/ cities along River GangaFocus on 118 towns/ cities along River Ganga • Focus on river pollution abatement – sewage and 

industrial  effluents 

Framework for options of SBM, AMRUT & NMCG Namami GangeAMRUT & NMCG – Namami Gange

• SBM and AMRUT don’t cover the complete project cost  Additional sources of funding and revenue 

ti h t b t k i t tcreations have to be taken into accountOnly cost‐intensive options are not feasible

• SBM,AMRUT, NMCG want you to think “Out of the Box” –Promote Water Reuse and Recycling/ Zero waste discharge,  Septage Management, Decentralized and centralized sewerage systems, Smart Solutions

How to ensure that all aspects of CSP and urban development are integrated ?and urban development are integrated ?(1) Consider all existing plans such as CDP, Master plans and DPRs 

prepared or implementedprepared or implemented(2) CSP can influence municipal bye laws related to sanitation 

(reuse recycle of wastewater, connectivity to the trunk system, it t t t h t )on‐site treatment, user charges etc.)

(3) Consider cross cutting issues, and challenges e.g. pollution of water bodies, flooding, impacts of climate change, future growth, natural calamities

(4) Devise and establish a mechanism to evolve coordination and  integration between departments, and stakeholdersintegration between departments, and stakeholders

(5) Consider schemes and programmes that can fund different components 

(6) CSP can highlight the conflicts in sanitation related project

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(6) CSP can highlight the conflicts in sanitation related project planning and implementation

City Sanitation / Stakeholder Task Force : ToRs