CstM 301 - Management & Organizationmanagement learning past to

present

classical management…

classical approaches

assumption: people are rational

scientific management

Frederick Taylor

administrative principle

Henri Fayol

bureaucratic organization

Max Weber

scientific management…four guiding action principles…

•develop for every job a “science”

•carefully select workers

•carefully train workers & provide incentives

•support workers through planning

motion studiesFrederick Taylor

administrative principles…

rules or duties of management

•foresight•organization•command•coordination•control

Henri Fayol

bureaucratic organization…

Max Weber

defining characteristics•clear division of labor•clear hierarchy of authority•formal rules and procedures•impersonality•careers based on merit

behavioral management…

human resource approaches

assumption: people are social & self-actualizing

hawthorne studies

Elton Mayo

theory of human needs

Abraham Maslov

personality and organization

Chris Argyris

organizations as communities

Mary Parker Follett

theory x and theory y

Douglas McGregor

organizations as communities…

managers & workers labor in harmony• no domination• freedom to talk• reconcile conflicts

combine talents for the greater good

managers job…• help people cooperate• achieve integration of efforts

Mary Parker Follett

the hawthorne studies…

original purpose of studysocial setting & human relations• group atmosphere• participative supervision

employee attitudes & group processes• negative & positive impact

lessons learned• the hawthorne effect• human relations movement

Elton Mayo

theory of human needs…self-actualizing needs

highest level: need for self-fulfillment; to grow & use abilities to fullest & most creative extent

esteem needsneed for esteem in the eyes of others; need for respect, prestige, recognition; need for self-esteem, personal sense of competence, mastery

social needsneed for love, affection, sense of belongingness in one’s relationships with other people

safety needsneed for security, protection and stability in the events of day-to-day life

physiological needsmost basic need of all human needs; need for biological maintenance; food, water & physical well-being

theory x & theory y…

theory x assumes people…•dislike work•lack ambition•act irresponsibly•prefer to be led

theory y assumes people…•are willing to work•like responsibility•are self-directed & creative

self-fulfilling prophecy…Douglas McGregor

theory of adult personality…

highest productivity is a result of…• treating people positively• as responsible adults

mismatch between managementpractice & mature adult personalities…• absenteeism• turnover• apathy alienation• low morale

Chris Argyris

modern management…

modern approaches

assumption: maybe there’s another way…

quantitative analysis &

tools

organizations as systems

contingency thinking

quality management

knowledge management

evidence-based

management

quantitative analysis & tools…

organizations as systems…

contingency thinking…

changing & complex

stable & uncomplicated

environment

flexible structures work well

bureaucratic structures work well

quality management…

w. edwards demming• total quality management

joseph juran• continuous improvement• iso certification

knowledge management & organizational learning…

intellectual capital

change and improve

evidence-based management…

four sources of information:

practitioner expertise & judgment

evidence from the local context

critical evaluation of best available research data

perspective of those impacted by decision