CstM 301 - Management & Organizationmotivation theory & practice

need…

need [need]- noun1.a requirement2.necessity arising from the circumstances of a situation or case3.an unfulfilled physiological or psychological desire

need theories…hierarchy of needs theory

erg theory

two-factor theory

acquired needs theory

what is the common ground?

motivation…mo·ti·va·tion [moh-tuh-vey-shuhn]- noun1.to give incentive to2.provide with a reason to act in a certain way3.forces within an individual that account for the level, direction and persistence of effort expended

equity theory…eq·ui·ty [ek-wi-tee]- noun1.the quality of being fair or impartial2.some that is fair and just

equity theory…

responses include

change work inputs…outputschange rewards receivedchange comparison pointschange the situation

reinforcement theory…the law of effect•behavior followed by pleasant consequences is likely to be repeated•behavior followed by unpleasant consequences is not likely

reinforcement theory…

job design…

arranging work tasks for individuals and groups with the goal of enhancing employee motivation and other outcomes.

traditional approaches include:simplificationrotationenlargement

job enrichment model…

skill variety

task identity

task significance

autonomy

feedback

job enrichment model…

skill variety

task identity

task significanceautonomy

feedback

core job characteristic

s

critical psychological

statesexperienced

meaningfulness of the work

experienced responsibility for outcomes of the

workknowledge of

actual results of the work

job outcomes

• high internal work motivation

• high growth satisfaction

• high general job satisfaction

• high work effectiveness

employee growth-need strengthknowledge & skills

context satisfactions

modern take on job design…

flexible working hours

compressed workweek

job sharing

telecommuting

contingency work

part-time work

benefits of job design…

greater satisfaction & moralegreater commitmentgreater short-term performancegreater employee retentionimproved attendanceimproved punctuality