ctfc pollution prevention

8/2/2019 Ctfc Pollution Prevention

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Pollution is undesirable change in physical, chemical,or biological parameters of air, land or water which

will affect the animal and plant life .WHO defines air pollution as

Substances put in to the air by the activity of mankind in concentration sufficient to causeharmful effect to the health, vegetable,

property, or to the enjoyment of property .

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POLLUTION OF THE SEA AND THEHARBOUR IS CAUSED BY

INTRODUCTION OF HARMFULSUBSTANCES INTO MARINEENVIRONMENT DIRECTLY ORINDIRECTLY, WHICH RESULTS INHARMING MARINE FLORA AND FAUNA,DETRIMENTAL TO HUMAN HEALTH ANDACTIVITY

MOST CHEMICALS CARRIED REPRESENT04/14/12 3


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MARINE POLLUTION IS CAUSED BYSHIPPING ACTIVITY:

DURING BUNKERINGDISCHARGE OF OILY WATERBY TANKERS: OPERATIONAL POLLUTION

: ACCIDENTAL POLLUTION

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STRANDINGS AND COLLISIONLIGHTERAGE OPERATION

TANK WASHING AND LINE FLUSHINGDEBALLASTINGDISCHARGE OF BILGESBUNKERING

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Accidental discharges occur whenvessels collide or come in distress at sea(engine breakdown, fire, explosion) and

break open, or run aground close to theshore, or when a pipeline breaks. Muchcan be done to avoid accidents, but therewill always be unfortunate circumstancesand situations that cause accidents tohappen.

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http://oils.gpa.unep.org/facts/oilspills.htmhttp://oils.gpa.unep.org/facts/oilspills.htm


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Operational discharges , on the otherhand, are mostly deliberate and

"routine", and can to a very large extentbe effectively controlled and avoided. Itis much a question combining availabletechnical solutions with information,education and a change of attitudeamong ship-owners, mariners, offshoreplatform and pipeline operators.

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Ship-related operational discharges of oil include the discharge of bilge water

from machinery spaces, fuel oil sludge,and oily ballast water from fuel tanks.Also other commercial vessels thantankers contribute operationaldischarges of oil from machinery spacesto the sea.

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CARGO-RELATED OPERATIONAL DISCHARGESFROM TANKERS INCLUDE THE DISCHARGE OF

TANK-WASHING RESIDUES

THE OPERATIONAL REQUIREMENT OF TANKERARE:

TO LOAD LIQUID CARGO IN PORT TO TRANSPORT CARGO SAFELY FROM LOADPORT TO DISCHARGE PORT

TO DISCHARGE THE CARGO AT THEDISCHARGE PORT

TO PREPARE TANKS DURING BALLASTPASSAGE. 04/14/12 9


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Before international regulations wereintroduced to prevent oil pollution from

ships, the normal practice for oil tankerswas to wash out the cargo tanks withwater and then pump the resultingmixture of oil and water into the sea.

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Also, oil cargo or fuel tanks were usedfor ballast water and, consequently, oil

was discharged into the sea whentankers flushed out the oil-contaminated ballast water to replace itwith new oil.

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OCEANS OF THE WORLD (AND IN SOMECOUNTRIES THE RIVERS) HAVE BEENUSED FOR CENTURIES AS NATURALDISPOSAL POINTS FOR THE UNWANTEDEFFLUENT AND ONLY IN THE LASTCENTURY THE NEED FOR CHANGE HASBECOME APPARENTWE CAN NO LONGER AFFORD TOPOLLUTE OUR OCEANS AND RIVERS ASOUR OWN SURVIVAL IS AT STAKE

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Annex I of MARPOL 73/78 Regulations for thePrevention of Pollution by OilAnnex II of MARPOL 73/78 Regulations for theControl of Pollution by Noxious Liquid

Substances in Bulk Annex III of MARPOL 73/78 Regulations for thePrevention of Pollution by Harmful SubstancesCarried by Sea in Packaged FormAnnex IV of MARPOL 73/78 Regulations for thePrevention of Pollution by Sewage from ShipsAnnex V of MARPOL 73/78 Regulations for thePrevention of Pollution by Garbage from ShipsAnnex VI - Regulations for the Prevention of Air

Pollution from Ships 04/14/12 13


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Annex II of MARPOL 73/78Regulations for the Control of

Pollution by Noxious LiquidSubstances in BulkAnnex II prohibits the discharge into

the sea of Noxious Liquid Substancesexcept when the discharge is madeunder specified conditions

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Noxious Liquid Substance means anysubstance indicated in the Pollution

Category column of chapters 17 or 18 of the International Bulk Chemical Code,or the current MEPC.2/Circular orprovisionally assessed under theprovisions of regulation 6.3 of MARPOLAnnex II as falling into categories X, Y orZ.

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For the purpose of discharging slopscontaining cargo residue into the sea,

Annex II divides noxious liquid cargoeson chemical tankers into four categories.1 . Category X: Noxious LiquidSubstances which, if discharged into thesea from tank cleaning or deballastingoperations, are deemed to present amajor hazard

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.2 . Category Y: Noxious LiquidSubstances which, if discharged into the

sea from tank cleaning or deballastingoperations, are deemed to present alesser hazard.3 . Category Z: Noxious LiquidSubstances which, if discharged into thesea from tank cleaning or deballastingoperations, are deemed to present a

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.4 . Other Substances: substancesindicated as OS (Other Substances) in

the pollution category column of chapter 18 of the International BulkChemical Code are, at present,considered to present no harm tomarine resources, human health,amenities or other legitimate uses of the sea when discharged into the sea

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All operations on board involving cargo,ballast and bunker should be done in

accordance with the applicable pollutionregulationsDuring cargo transfer, ballast or tankcleaning operations care should betaken to avoid cargo spillagePollution prevention procedures duringoperations mentioned above include:

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Include keeping a watch on:Levels in cargo slop or ballast tanks

Cargo or ballast hoses or hard armsPumps, valves, gaskets, connectionsand hatches

Spillpans and scuppersAlarms and instrumentations andCo-ordination of operation signals

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Personnel on watch should be presentat all times during operations and

regularly carry out inspectionsmentioned aboveAll events should be recorded in thecargo bookStringent control measures are laiddown in Annex II for the discharge of cargo residues, tank-washings and slop

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Annex II requires that each ship whichcarries NLS in bulk shall be provided

with a Procedures and Arrangement(P&A) Manual

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The main purpose of the P&A manual isto identify for the ships officers the

physical arrangements and all theoperational procedures with respect tocargo handling, tank-cleaning, slopshandling, cargo tank ballasting anddeballasting which must be strictlyfollowed in order to comply with therequirements of Annex II

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Carrying out operations in accordancewith the ships P&A Manual, ensures

that all pollution regulationsarecomplied with

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1 . For the purpose of the regulations of this Annex, Noxious Liquid Substancesshall be divided into four categories asfollows:.1 . Category X: Noxious Liquid Substanceswhich, if discharged into the sea from

tank cleaning or deballasting operations,are deemed to present a major hazard toeither marine resources or human healthand, therefore, justify the prohibition of the discharge into the marine04/14/12 25


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.2 . Category Y: Noxious LiquidSubstances which, if discharged into the

sea from tank cleaning or deballastingoperations, are deemed to present ahazard to either marine resources orhuman health or cause harm toamenities or other legitimate uses of the sea and therefore justify a limitationon the quality and quantity of the

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.3 . Category Z: Noxious LiquidSubstances which, if discharged into the

sea from tank cleaning or deballastingoperations, are deemed to present aminor hazard to either marine resourcesor human health and therefore justifyless stringent restrictions on the qualityand quantity of the discharge into themarine environment;

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.4 . Other Substances: substances indicated as OS (OtherSubstances) in the pollution category column of chapter 18 of the International Bulk Chemical Code which have beenevaluated and found to fall outside Category X, Y or Z asdefined in regulation 6.1 of this Annex because they are, atpresent, considered to present no harm to marineresources, human health, amenities or other legitimateuses of the sea when discharged into the sea from tankcleaning of deballasting operations. The discharge of bilge

or ballast water or other residues or mixtures containingonly substances referred to as Other Substances shallnot be subject to any requirements of the Annex.

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No accommodation or service spaces orcontrol stations shall be located within

the cargo area except over a cargopump-room recess or pump-roomrecess that complies with SOLASregulations II-2/4.5.1 to 4.5.2.4 and nocargo or slop tank shall be aft of theforward end of any accommodation.

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In order to guard against the danger of hazardous vapours, due consideration

shall be given to the location of airintakes and openings intoaccommodation, service and machineryspaces and control stations in relationto cargo piping and cargo vent systems.

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This distance, however, need notexceed 5 m. No doors shall bepermitted within the limits mentionedabove, except that doors to thosespaces not having access toaccommodation and service spaces and

control stations, such as cargo controlstations and store-rooms, may be fitted.Where such doors are fitted, theboundaries of the space shall beinsulated to "A-60" standard.04/14/12 32


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Bolted plates for removal of machinerymay be fitted within the limits specified

above. Wheelhouse doors andwheelhouse windows may be locatedwithin the limits specified above so longas they are so designed that a rapid andefficient gas- and vapour-tightening of the wheelhouse can be ensured.

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Windows and sidescuttles facing thecargo area and on the sides of the

superstructures and deck-houses withinthe limits specified above shall be of thefixed (non-opening) type. Suchsidescuttles in the first tier on the maindeck shall be fitted with inside covers of steel or equivalent material.

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