Pre- Knowledge

Check:

Culinary Arts

1. What is a Sous Chef?

“Under” Chef- Reports to the executive chef.

Sous chefs supervise and sometimes assist

other chefs in the kitchen. They may also fill in

for the executive chef when necessary.

2. What is the abbreviation for pound? How

many ounces are in a pound?

• lb

• 16 oz=1 lb

3. What does it mean to cross-train?

• Provide work experience in a variety of tasks. Employees will have fairly separate functions in the kitchen, yet be trained in more than one of these positions making them more marketable to the foodservice operation

4. What is a POS?

• Restaurant POS refers to point of sale (POS) software that runs on computers, usually touch screen terminals or wireless handheld devices. Restaurant POS systems assist businesses to track transactions in real time.

• Typical restaurant POS software is able to print guest checks, print orders to kitchens and bars for preparation, process credit cards and other payment cards, and run reports. In addition, some systems implement wireless pagers and electronic signature capture devices.

5. Define bon appetit.

• French term, good appetite

• The phrase means, “Enjoy Your Meal”

6. Define upselling.

• A technique for suggesting a larger size or better quality than the customer’s original order

7. What is a perishable product? Give an example.• Products that can spoil quickly, even when

stored correctly

• milk, bananas, raw meat, etc

8. What is the difference

between clean and sanitized?

• Clean is simply free of debris but sanitized is free of harmful bacteria

9. What is the danger zone?

• A range of temperatures between 41 and 135 degrees where harmful bacteria can rapidly multiply

10. List the six nutrients.

• Carbohydrates

• Protein

• Fats

• Vitamins

• Minerals

• Water

11. What are the six food groups in the current

USDA Food Guide (My Plate)

12. What does HACCP stand for?

• Hazard Analysis Critical Control Point

13. What does FATTOM mean?

• F.A.T.T.O.M. explains what allows foodborne pathogens to grow.

• (Food Acidity Time Temperature Oxygen Moisture)

14. What is a toque?

• a type of hat with a narrow brim or no

brim at all. Today the toque is known as the chef’s hat

15. Who is Marie-Antoine Careme?

• a popular French chef, is credited with developing the current chef’s uniform.

16. Give an example of a food-borne illness

• Salmonella

• E. Coli

• Botulism

• Listeriosis

• Trichinosis

17. What does FIFO stand for?

• First In, First Out

• FIFO is a system of rotation to ensure food used in the order it arrived to prevent waste and spoilage

18. How many teaspoons are in a tablespoon?

3

19. How many tablespoons are in a stick of

butter?

• 8 Tablespoons

• 8 Tablespoons= ½ cup

• 4 Tablespoons= ¼ cup

4 sticks of butter= 1 lb

20. What is a ladle used for?

• To portion liquids such as sauces and soups

• It’s long handle enables you to reach to the bottom of a deep pot or pan.

21. What is a spec?

• Specification

• A written description of the products a foodservice operation needs to purchase

22. Give examples of food allergies.

• Lactose Intolerant- Allergic to lactose in milk products

• Peanuts

• Wheat

• Shellfish

23. What is Mirepoix?

• A mix of coarsely chopped vegetables and herbs; typically carrots, onions, and celery

• the foundation for Mirepoix is 50% Onion, 25% celery and 25% carrot

24. What is a stock?

Liquids that form the foundation of sauces and

soups. Simmering various combinations of

bones, vegetables, and herbs extracts their

flavors to create this foundation.

Good stock makes wonderful sauces and

soups!

25. Define reduction

• The process of evaporating part of a stock’s water through simmering or boiling

• Example: A glaze is a stock that is reduced and concentrated

26. What is a thickening agent?

An ingredient, such as cornstarch, that adds body to the sauce

27. What is a coulis?

Pronounced koo-Lee, coulis is a sauce made from fruit or vegetable puree

28. What is a roux?

Pronounced roo, a roux is a cooked mixture made from equal parts of fat and flour by weight

29. Explain the differences between measuring:

liquid, dry, solid, weight, and volume

• Liquids are measured in a glass or other transparent material and at eye level. Examples: water, milk, juice

• Solids are measured in graduated measuring cups as well and are sometimes packed to take the form of the measure. Examples: Brown sugar, peanut butter, sour cream, honey

• Weight- measure amount using an electric or balance scale

• Volume- measure the amount of space that an ingredient fills

30. What is gazpacho?

• Pronounced gahz-PAH-choh, gazpacho is a cold Spanish soup commonly served in warm weather

31. What is meant by “clarify”

The process of removing impurities from a liquid such as melted butter, meat stock, or vegetable stock. This is usually accomplished by skimming the surface of the liquid as it is heated

32. What are barquettes?

Pronounced bahr-KEHTS, barquettes are boat-shaped pastry shells that can contain a savory filling when served as an appetizer or a sweet filling when served as a dessert.

33. What is a baguette?

pronounced bae’get, a baguette is a long thin loaf of French bread that is commonly made from basic lean dough and is distinguishable by its length, crisp crust, and slits that enable the proper expansion of gases

34. Explain sensory perception

Sensory perception is how a person’s eyes, nose, mouth, and skin detect and evaluate the environment. Sensory perception improves your ability to taste

35. What sensory properties of food

affect how people perceive food?

color and appearance, flavor, and texture

36. We use four out of five sense organs to detect

sensory properties. What are they?

• Taste buds

• Nose

• Skin

• Eyes

37. What are the four basic tastes?

• Sweet

• Salty

• Sour

• Bitter

• Savory (stimulating and full of flavor) is sometimes included

38. What is a Maître D?

a dining-room attendant who is in charge of the waiters and the seating of customers

Maitre D is also the trademark name for a Point of Sale (POS) system

39. What is Soupe du jour?

“soup of the day”

Soupe du jour is the soup featured by restaurant on a given day

40. Define Tartare

a preparation of finely chopped raw meat or fish optionally with seasonings and sauces

41. Why are sharp knives considered safer than dull

knives?

With knives, it’s all about control.

A dull knife is more likely to slip rather than cut. (think about

cutting a firm, slippery object such as an apple. When the smooth edge of a

knife is applied to the slick surface, one of two things will happen: either the

blade will skid along the surface or it will cut into the flesh of the apple. Once the

knife has slipped, it’s a matter of luck & reflexes where the sharp end goes)

A sharp knife requires much less pressure to cut into an item.

When combined with a reduced tendency to slip, this gives

greater control over the blade.

42. t/f: a sharp knife applied directly to your skin will cause more damage than a

dull knife.

True!!!

A sharp knife is safer than a dull one; when used correctly, you are less likely to have an injury

with a sharp knife.

So, keep your knives sharp, practice safe cutting techniques, and your chances of injury in the

kitchen will drop significantly

43. Serrated means:

Toothed like a saw

44. Why is it important to cut foods

in uniform pieces?

If the food is the cut into pieces of equal size,

they cook evenly

Also,

Uniform sizes also make the finished product

more visually appealing

45. Why does chopping onions

make you cry?

When you cut an onion, you break cells, releasing their contents. Amino acid sulfoxides form sulfenic acids. Enzymes that were kept separate now are free to mix with the sulfenic acids to produce propanethiol s-oxide, a volatile sulfer compound that wafts upward toward your eyes. This gas reacts with the water in your tears to form sulfuric acid. The sulfuric acid burns, stimulating your eyes to release more tears to wash the irritant away.

46. What is a gardemanger?

• Pronounced gahrd-mohn-zhay, the pantry chef is responsible for preparing cold food items. These items may include salads, cold meats and cheeses, and cold sauces