cultural policies for the dual city: culture, territory and citizenship in sao paulo

Cultural Policies for the Dual City

Roberto RoccoSpatial Planning and StrategyTU Delft

#echolib

Sunday, 27February, 2011

The City-region


Utrecht

Rotterdam

Amsterdam

SPaulo

Santos

Campinas

0 10 20

Den Haag

0 10 20

Nordzee

S Atlantic

Area: 8.313 Km2 Area: 8.051 Km2c. 2.000 urbanised

São Paulo ‘in comparison’ with the Randstad

75km

50km


The cliché image is misleading


The Formal City


… and the informal city are physically distant


SpatialEconomicdichotomies


Mapping average income in Sao PauloData source: Prefeitura Sao Paulo, Map: Roberto Rocco


Mapping clandestine settlements in Sao PauloData source: IBGE, Map: Roberto Rocco


Human Development Index Source: IBGE. Map: Roberto Rocco


BOSS


A colonial city

Rua Direita. Central Core circa 1860.


1850:The Coffee Revolution

Sao Paulo Railway Station (1892) is built with English capitals.

1880: Pop 31.000

The great coffee plantations commercialise their products in the city. The coffee economy produces the development of urban activities, because it demands a complex organisation of financing, transport, commerce and export.


European Immigration

Workers at Textile Factory around 1910. The factory belonged to Matarazzo family

The Black population is small in the city. Freed slaves establish in peripheral areas (later districts of the city)

Slavery abolished, it was necessary to have paid labour force. European and Japanese immigrants come to the city en masse.

1895 Pop 131.0001900Pop 239.820


Praca do Patriarca, Down Town São Paulo, c. 1925

An ‘European’ city


Central Business District

15 de Novembro Street c. 1906Sunday, 27February, 2011

Sao Joao Avenue 1951 • 1950

• Pop: 2.19 m

After WW II: An ‘American city”


Tram 55 and bus 74 in Casa Verde District, 1953

After WW II: New Urban Paradigm

The adoption of more and more buses instead of tramways allows the sprawling of the city to distant peripheries.

Newly arrived migrants establish themselves in those peripheries.


After WW II: New Urban Paradigm


Migration from old colonised areas in the North-East of Brazil

Curiously, there are not many images of Nordeste immigrants taken at that time. These are artistic representations of immigration. Left: Immigrant family by Candido Portinari.


SP Urban Growth Source: Meyer et al. 2004


The contemporary ‘Alpha Global’ city


A Corporate Global City


….versus an ‘excluded’ peripheral city


Why has this happened?The colonial heritage (imbalanced territorial

development)Explosive growth (uncontrolled rural migration)

Poor governance (military dictatorship)Lack of strong planning tradition


Meanwhile cultural policies were being implemented


But...what culture? For whom? And where?


Two distinct types of policies

supporting “the” culture/ (globalized/ European/

central) X supporting local “alternative” culture (African/

Northeastern/ peripheral)Sunday, 27February, 2011

Creating spaces for corporate culture

Not only office buildings but theatres/ show houses/parks and other equipments for the

this culture to thrive


Vi


BOSS


the establishment culture?Central/ white/ European/ GLOBAL


Good tradition in organization of big events

São Paulo Fashion WeekVirada Cultural (equivalent to Paris Nuits Blanches)São Paulo Art BiennaleSão Paulo International Film FestivalSão Paulo Gay Pride ParadeAnima Mundi (International Animated Film Festival)


São Paulo International Film Festival


São Paulo Art Biennale


São Paulo Fashion Week


São Paulo Virada Cultural: the biggest event

2005 Estimated public: 300.000 attractions: 200

2006 Estimated public: 1,5 million attractions: 304

2007 Estimated public: 3 million attractions: 350

2008 Estimated public: 3,5 million attractions:700




São Paulo Gay Pride Parade3.1 million (2009)


alternative culture?Peripheralnon-whiteLOCAL


new cultural and artisticmovements created in the poor peripheries of São Paulo have articulated responsesto both urban violence and to the new forms of urban segregation.


“I have an old bible, an automatic pistol, and a sentiment of revolt.I’m trying to survive in hell”

Hip Hop lyrics


HIP HOP Culture


In São Paulo, the centre is peripheral


Graffiti as social contestation


… and social affirmation


…as opposed to graffiti as artistic expression


‘revitalizing’ the

CENTRE:Projeto

Nova LuzSunday, 27February, 2011

Cracolandia, São Paulo Downtown


Pinacoteca


Luz Train Station


Museum of the Portuguese Language


State Music School


Sala São PauloDowntown Revitalisa=on


Centro Viejo


Projeto Nova Luz


Development Strategy

• Commerce of electronics + Biggest technical college of São Paulo + ICT Businesses= TECHNOLOGY CENTRE

• Commerce of car parts + vehicle show rooms + new transportation modes + commercial events= MOBILITY CENTRE

• Existing museums + City orchestra + city ballet + music school + community centre + cinemas + shopping centres = CULTURAL AND ENTERTAINMENT AREA


The critique:GentrificationSpectacularisation (promotion of real estate operations)Promotion of an elitist culture etc.


building citizenship in the

PERIPHERY


Casas da Cultura de São PauloSão Paulo CULTURE POINTS and CEUS

Street smart teachers teach:Hip-hopGraffitiDance


VAI Program Valorização de Iniciativas Culturais

Objectives:• Stimulate creation, access, formation

of the small creator in the city’s cultural development

• To promote cultural inclusion• To stimulate local cultural dynamics

and artistic creation


Vocational programmes

• Cultural Action: continuous action to open dialogue fronts in order to allow the cultural occupation of OTHER SPACES IN THE CITY



• Artistic and Pedagogic Research: to develop the capacity to instigate and formulate questions, to reflect upon and reinvent their artistic practices from the relationship between participant and PLACES where action takes place



• Reflection on from and content: to propose an active relationship with the work of art, making the relation between WHAT one wants to express and HOW one wants to express it in artistic expression


CEU Centro de Educacao Unificado


CEU Centro de Educacao Unificado

Sports and cultural Bloc Didactical Bloc

External Areas


THANK YOU!Obrigado!

Prepared by Roberto Rocco, Spatial Planning and Strategy, TU [email protected]


mailto:[email protected]

mailto:[email protected]

cultural policies for the dual city: culture, territory and citizenship in sao paulo

Education

santosso paulo

paulo virada cultural

prefeitura sao paulo

paulo fashion weeksunday

paulo art biennalesunday

sao paulo data source

estimated public

itsao paulo railway