cultural practices in vegetable production€¦ · rotation crop rotation is a planned order of...
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CULTURAL PRACTICES IN
VEGETABLE PRODUCTION
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SOIL PREPARATION
Soil tillage
Increase of organic matter content to improve soil texture
and related characteristics, soil chemical properties and
cation exchange capacity
Control of salinity and alkalinity
Provision of adequate and balanced nutrient supply
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Soil tillage
The seedbed must be well prepared, usually following ploughing.
Soil compaction significantly reduces plant growth and yield.
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ROTATION Crop rotation is a planned order of specific dissimilar types of crops planted on the same field for a number of subsequent years (commonly 2 to 4).
Crop rotation mitigates the build-up of pathogens and pests that often occurs when one species is continuously cropped. Crop rotation can improve soil structure and fertility by alternating deep-rooted and shallow-rooted plants.
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Objectives
Crop rotation has several agronomic objectives including:
• maintaining or increasing yield by helping to control weeds, pests and crop diseases and increasing plants' resilience to adverse weather effects;
• improving soil fertility and structure and ensuring nutrient management by balancing the fertility demands of different crops.
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Vegetable crop establishment
•Sowing (placement of seed directly to the field)
•Transplanting of seedlings produced in nurseries
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Sowing in nurseries Sowing in polystyrene trays
Pepper seedlings ready for transplanting
Sowing in plastic trays Seedling trays placed on benches in a
nursery
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A small nursery
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Automated control of a sowing machine Irrigation of seedlings in a nursery
Seedlings on benches Machinery for automated
sowing in seedling trays
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Automated equipment for
production of substrate cubes
and sowing in a nursery.
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Germination chamber in a
nursery
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Transplanting
Transplanting of leek in
an open field
Transplanting of lettuce in the
greenhouse
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Soil mulching
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Objectives
– Increase soil temperature to achieve earliness
– Weed control
– Preserve soil moisture
– Prevent soil errosion
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Mulching materials
– Plastic sheet
– Straw
– Sawdust
– Tree bark
– Plant residues
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Mulching in potato and watermelon crops
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Cultivation of vegetables in low tunnels • The main objective is
earliness
• This technique is based on trapping thermal ratiation emmitted by the soil
• Low tunnels are applied in combination with soil mulching
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Melon in low tunnel
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Use of bumble bees for pollination in greenhouses
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Α. Worker Β. Queen
Α Β
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Irrigation of vegetables
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Special Session “Protected Cultivation" , VI Balkan Symposium on Vegetable and Potatoes
September 29 – October 2, 2014 Zagreb, Croatia
Sprinkler
irrigation
• Waste of water
• Wet foliage (disease risk)
• Suitable mainly for nurseries
• Suitable mainly for low crops
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Special Session “Protected Cultivation" , VI Balkan Symposium on Vegetable and Potatoes
September 29 – October 2, 2014 Zagreb, Croatia
Drip irrigation
• Most widely used method
• Saves water
• Maximum water use efficiency
•Minimum labor
• Uniformity in water supply