PROF. VIVENCIO “VEN” BALLANOST. PAUL UNIVERSITY QUEZON CITY

ROOT WORD: German Word “Kultur” which means

“civilization”

OLD NOTION: CULTURE AS KNOWING EUROPEAN ART, REFINEMENT

NEW NOTION: CULTURE AS A WAY OF LIFE OF A PARTICULAR GROUP OF PEOPLE

MATERIAL COMPONENT (ARTIFACTS): E.G. TOOLS, EQUIPMENTS, GADGETS, ETC.

NON-MATERIAL COMPONENT (MENTIFACTS):

E.G. BELIEFS, VALUES, TRADITIONS, ETC.

ETHNOCENTRISM: AN ATTITUDE WHICH SEES ONE CULTURE AS SUPERIOR TO OTHER CULTURES. “MY CULTURE IS THE BEST CULTURE.”

XENOCENTRISM: AN ATTITUDE WHICH SEES ONE CULTURE AS INFERIOR TO OTHER CULTURES. E.G. “AMERICAN CULTURE IS BETTER THAN PHILIPPINE CULTURE.”

CULTURAL RELATIVISM: ONE CULTURE IS AS GOOD AS THE OTHER. EACH CULTURE HAS ITS OWN STANDARDS AND VALUES AND THUS MUST BE JUDGED BY ITS OWN MERITS.

IT VIEWS PEOPLE’S BEHAVIOR FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ONE’S OWN CULTURE.

E.G. AMERICAN CULTURE IS A GOOD AS FILIPINO CULTURE.

A TEMPORARY PHENOMENON WHERE A PERSON IS DISORIENTED OR ‘SHOCKED” AFTER BEING EXPOSED TO A NEW OR UNFAMILIAR CULTURE.

E.G. AN RESIDENT AMERICAN MIGHT BE

SHOCKED TO KNOW HE HAS EATEN DOG MEAT IN A BAGUIO.

SUBCULTURES: A PORTION OF SOCIETY THAT SHARES A DISTINCTIVE PATTERN OF MORES, FOLKWAYS AND VALUES THAT DIFFER FROM THE PATTERN OF A LARGER SOCIETY.

IT REFERS TO A CULTURE WITHIN A LARGER & DOMINANT CULTURE.

COUNTERCULTURES: WHEN A SUBCULTURE CONSPICOUSLY & DELIBERATELY OPPOSES CERTAIN ASPECTS OF A LARGER SOCIETY.

E.G. THE HIPPIES. GAY CULTURE.

TYPICALLY THRIVE AMONG THE YOUNG.