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SAP - its application HOSPITALITY MANAGEMENTMBA PHARMACY
10YEARS
Celebrating Excellence
1999
-200
9
A IEC - CET MAGAZINEVolume. 3 Issue 2 November 2009
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Vishwakarma Day
Diwali Celebration
BOOK FAIR
Vishwakarma is the greatest engineer of Gods in heaven. He has designed
'Vajra' for Indra to destroy the demon Vratrasur. He has also made 'Sudarshan
Chakra' for lord Vishnu. The material of these ayudhs was the bones of Rishi
Dadhichi. Rishi Dhadichi gladly left his body for the purpose.
To pay our homage to the greatest engineer, we at IEC celebrated Vishwakarma
day. All machines, tools and equipments were worshiped. Haven Pooja was
conducted and Ahutis were given. Pooja was joined by Vice-President, Director,
Faculties, Staff and Students. Prasad and sweets were distributed to all who
were present.
On the occasion of Diwali, a cultural programme was conducted in a very
congenial environment. The multi talented faculties and staff members of IEC
presented various songs, dances and skits. Various games were also played to
fill the atmosphere with fun. Everybody was filled
with joy on the occasion of festival of lights in the
affable gathering. The cultural programme was
followed by Diwali gift presentation and lunch. Later
the staff members proceeded for Diwali vacation.
A book fair was organized in the college premises
on Saturday 10 Oct 09. About 25 publishers and
distributors were invited, Tata Mcgraw hill, Pearson
ed.,Wiley india, S. Chand, Himalaya publicatios
etc.Participants like S.Chand, Himalaya publications, EXEL publications(also
distributers), IK publications, Serial publications, UBS etc. showed high
enthusiasm by arriving well before time. Books for all B.Tech courses,
MBA,MCA, B.Pharma, Hotel Management were available.
All the colleges in knowledge park-1,2,3,4 were personally invited by the
teachers through the directors of those colleges.
The students and teachers showed keen interest and were very thrilled to have
so many options at their doorstep, so much so ,that ,they wish to be involved in a
big way and organise the event on a much larger scale next time.
Power Generation In Sugar Plants Presentation by Triveni Engineering & Industries LtdOn 3rd of September two senior executives from Triveni Engineering & Industries Ltd (TEIL) gave presentation on "Power Generation In Sugar Plants" in IEC-CET. It may be mentioned that they also met the IEC Group of Institutions management team during their visit. TEIL is a 10 Bilion INR company having strong presence in Sugar Production, Steam Turbine and Gear BX manufacturing, Captive Power and Cogeneration System Integration, Water and Waste treatment.
Power Generation in Sugar Plants
As a part of Institution - Industry Interaction Programme, IEC College of Engineering and Technology, Noida, invited TBG to give a presentation to their students & faculty on “ Power Generation in Sugar Plants”
Mr. S.A. Muzaffar, DGM-CCC ( North Zone) and Mr. D.S. Kalsi, Manager, CCC (Noida) visited the IEC campus. During the interaction, Mr. Muzaffar explained the process of Power Generation in sugar mills, difference between back pressure and condensing turbines and the advantage of Co-generation in National Economy.
The Interaction was very useful and appreciated by the Management of IEC College.
Content
November 2009
Front Page - 10th year poster
Front Back -Content, activities@ieccet
Message from President........................2
E-learning..........................................3 - 6
Emerging Technology........................6 - 7
Global Warming................................8 - 9
MBA Article...........................................10
Our Department (Mechanical).............11
Advances in Drug Delivery Systems....12
Contribution of Nanotechnology...........13
4G Mobile communication............14 - 15
Hospitality Mgmt page..........................16
Science & Technical News...................17
Bioinformatics with soft computingDNA................................................18- 19
Faculty development Programme Conducted by Wipro.....................20 - 22
The Human Genome Project...............23
Science Quiz.......................................24
Back Inside.........Oracle Announcement
Back Page............................PGDM
National Conference on e-Learning :
Ms. Sharbani Bhattacharya attended this
seminar
An Innovative Knowledge Oriented Framework
September 9-10, 2009 at India International Centre
(Annexe), New Delhi
Shri G L Tandon, Padma Bhushan,Former CMD Coal India
Ltd,Dr Utpal K Banerjee, Padma Shree was Guest of
Honour and Prof K R Srivathsan,Pro-Vice Chancellor
IGNOU was keynote speaker of the event. The conference
was chaired by Dr. H.M. Gupta, Electrical Engineering
Department, IIT Delhi , Dr. Sneha Mohan Executive Director
of CDT Foundation and Co-Chair Dr. Nupur Prakash ICAI.
The sponsors for the conference was JIIT, Noida, Adobe
India, ABV-IITM, Gurukul Online and RGEC, Meerut. The
conference published 47 papers authored by 84
participants..My paper on ”e-Learning is an add on to
classroom teaching pedagogy” is published in conference
proceedings co-authored by Sharad kumar. I presented on
10 Sept 2009 in Web based Learning category. Eminant
speakers like Dr. Y.N. Singh of IIT, Kanpur demonstrated
Brihaspati software. Dr. Nupur Prakash gave presentation
on Blended Learning.The two days conference was a great
success for creating an innovative environment in e-
learning and full participation from different parts of India.
Various Universities like Jammu and Kashmir Univ.,
Bhopal,Indore, Hyderabad , Gwalior, Jaipur, Jamia Milia
New Delhi ,JNU New Delhi, IIT Delhi etc have enhanced
glory of the event. Presentations by Gurukul Online , Adobe
and other sponsors were knowledge enhancing and
motivating. The conference was a benchmark of e-Learning
concepts.
1. The Science Club, Department of Applied Science thorganized an event ̀ Sci-Feast' on 7 September 2009. The
event consisted of fundamental multiple choice questions
related to Physics, Chemistry and Environment Science.
2. MCA department organized a quiz on “Fundamental
Concepts of Computers & Programming Languages” rdon 23 September 2009.
3. 20 Students and 11 Faculty members of CS/IT
department conducted a demo on e-learning Software thAdobe Connect Pro virtually from Adobe on 24 September
2009. This activity was coordinated by Ms. Sharbani
Bhattacharya of Information Technology Department..
4. Applied Science department organized a painting
competition “RAINBOW” for all the students of IEC-CET on st1 October 09. The winners of the Competition were :Mr.
Ashutosh Jha (MCA) final year – First Prize, Ms. Nisha
Singh (B.Pharma) III yr got Second Prize and Mr. Shadad
Ahmad (B.Tech) I yr got third prize.
5. Cricket match was organized by Mr. Aditya Dayal Tyagi thand Ms. Uma Sharma of MCA department on 8 October
nd rd2009. The match was between the 2 and 3 year students
of MCA. A large number of students gathered in the college
ground.
SHUBH DEEPAWALI
1
We at IEC-CET, are in process of implementing E-learning at IEC Campus.
INTRODUCTION :
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
E-learning has taken a significant position in educational system. It is the
best means to deliver learning content and material easily and cheaply.
Although the best approach in students' perspective may seem to develop a
new product entirely for each country, location, language or culture [1], it is
rarely feasible. A more practical approach would be to design the content
with multilingual social impact in mind and to separate the content with
presentation. The content must be designed in a structured way so that it is
easy to translate to another language. This can be achieved through proper
interface design, effective presentation, mechanism and localization of
content based on lingual and social perspective. Few skills like:
Instructors and students underestimate e- learning's time commitment.
Students' technical skills and infrastructure may not be enough to handle
e-learning requirements.
Institutions must balance and adapt a web of interconnected resources to
support e-learning adequately.
A course management system can make or break e-learning adoption.
A menu of training options is needed to address varying training needs
and learning styles.
Because e-learning course creation is complex, a gradual incorporation of
e-learning tools is recommended — perhaps using a formal course
development program.
24 × 7 support gains priority.
As information technology (IT) becomes more robust and easier to use, it
increasingly permeates academic activities in higher education. The use of
technology in education, commonly defined as e-learning, has become a
standard component in many courses. Technology applications are not
limited to the classroom—they are also replacing some classroom sessions
with virtual sessions or fully replacing classroom courses with online
courses. As institutions adopt e-learning, some important new issues arise:
Institutions must provide an adequate and reliable technical infrastructure
to support e-learning activities.
Instructors and students must possess the technical skills to use e-
learning tools.
Instructors must redesign their courses to incorporate e-learning
effectively into their pedagogy. But as e-learning courses multiply,
institutions question whether they can provide the necessary support
resources to address these issues. More than 70 percent of survey
respondents indicated that growth in instructors' support demands will
outpace their institutions' ability to provide the needed support. Sixty-five
percent cited similar concerns for supporting students' e-learning activities.
Respondents stated that instructor training is a critical element in the
success of e-learning courses. Clearly, then, the support issue is becoming
critical to the continued growth and success of e-learning in higher
education.
Objective:
Our main objective is to
provide a robust network
infrastructure that can
deliver all e- service to all
targeted learners,
1.
2.
3.
A staff and employees. Current WAN Networks is very weak & vulnerable.Sample of the e-learning services that need to be supported are:
Online courses Virtual classes Academic portal
Admin portalVideo streaming.
cademic
a. b. c.
d. e.
DESIGN GOALS :
SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY :
STRUCTURE OF LEARNING MATERIALS:
1.
The goal of the project is to provide easy mechanism of language
localization keeping the previously mentioned aspects in mind. It is also
noticed that most Asian languages require a larger font size to show properly
on the screen. Ample space must be kept during presentation design so that
it is able to accommodate the content. It is best to design all text output with
scrollbars enabling them to expand based on content without overflowing
the screen. System must also allow changing the font size depending on the
language. Because each society may put emphasis on different aspects of a
learning goal, it is very difficult to design a learning system that fits all social
perspective For instance the mathematic calculation of a division is
universal but each society may use different symbols to represent a division
or its products. So whenever possible universally acceptable methods and
symbols should be used. Any image or symbol should be avoided when text
symbols can be used.
The development tools used to create these must be Unicode compliant and
must support reading of external structured Unicode files as we will separate
content from presentation. To represent the content we have chosen
and for creating the presentation we chose Macro media Flash. Flash has
built in Unicode support and also has rich support.
As previously stated, the structure of the system is divided into two sections:
“Content” and “Presentation”. The following guidelines were developed for
these two sections so that proper localization is possible:
All content text information will be saved in an encoded file
(Fig. 1)
XML
XML
4.1 Content (XML) File:
UTF-8 XML
3
E-learning in Higher EducationBy Rajendra K.Sharma
(HOD IT) IEC-CET
Welcome Message from Chairman
Dear Students
This ‘News Letter’ reaches you after your return from
DEEPWALI Holidays, fresh to accept challenges and
ready to set new goals.
Let me address the first year students first. Because
of the delayed in counseling by UPTU, the academic
sessions has been drastically proved creating hurdles for
academics and students. It is no easy task to cover the
syllabus within the stipulated time. Extra curricular
activities may have to be clipped to fit in with the time
available. I am sure your teacher’s will rise to the
occasion as they always do to help you to tide over the
difficulties. However, we have spared no efforts to make
your college as rewarding as possible. We have
arranged the services of a yoga teacher and sports guide
in your hostels and some more things are in the offing to
give you stress free life.
I know you are facing problems because of the
change in environment from School to Engineering
college, not getting the food you are used to and change
in daily routine. But when you realize that you are only on
the threshold of your career and you are on the way to
very high postilions, the problems you face are very trivial
so look up and go forward.
Wishing you and your family a Happy Deepawali
and Greetings for the coming New Year 2010.
R.L. Gupta
Chairman
Volume. 3 Issue 2 November 2009
A IEC - CET MAGAZINE
CHIEF PATRONShri R.L. GuptaChairman, IEC-CET
PATRONProf. A.K.KhareVice President
EDITORIAL BOARDChairmanMr. R.K.Srivastava
EditorDr. Ishan Ranjan
Asstt. EditorProf. Rakesh Kumar
CONTENT SUPPORT
Mr. Rajender K. Sharma
Mr. Sanjeev Mathur
Mr. Yash Raghav
Ms.Yogita Goyal
Mr.Tom Thomas
Mr.Anuj Gupta
Smt. Anita Menon
Mr. Amit Kumar
Published from:5, Sant NagarNew Delhi-110 065
Website:www.ieccollege.comwww.iec.edu.in
Printed by:PERCEIVE SERVICES NETWORKD-32, Basement Deepak Vihar opp. C-67, Sector-58 Noida ( U.P.)E-mail: [email protected]@rediffmail.com
Note: All articles given in the magazine are based on the personal views of the contributor. IEC-CET is not responsible for the views expressed. If these are contradictory to any particular person or entity. IEC-CET shall not be liable for the inadequacy of the information or display of contents.
C IEC-CET - Sep 2009
2
DESIGN GOALS :
SELECTION OF TECHNOLOGY :
STRUCTURE OF LEARNING MATERIALS:
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.
The goal of the project is to provide easy mechanism of language
localization keeping the previously mentioned aspects in mind. It is also
noticed that most Asian languages require a larger font size to show properly
on the screen. Ample space must be kept during presentation design so that
it is able to accommodate the content. It is best to design all text output with
scrollbars enabling them to expand based on content without overflowing
the screen. System must also allow changing the font size depending on the
language. Because each society may put emphasis on different aspects of a
learning goal, it is very difficult to design a learning system that fits all social
perspective For instance the mathematic calculation of a division is
universal but each society may use different symbols to represent a division
or its products. So whenever possible universally acceptable methods and
symbols should be used. Any image or symbol should be avoided when text
symbols can be used.
The development tools used to create these must be Unicode compliant and
must support reading of external structured Unicode files as we will separate
content from presentation. To represent the content we have chosen XML
and for creating the presentation we chose Macro media Flash. Flash has
built in Unicode support and also has rich XML support.
As previously stated, the structure of the system is divided into two sections:
and . The following
guidelines were developed for these two sections so
that proper localization is possible:
All content text information will be saved in an
encoded file (Fig. 1).
Every text element will have size information
associated with it so that text size can be
changed as may be required for different
languages.
Different language content can be saved in the same file.
Path to additional file used as content like images and sound files if
needed must also be provided here.
Presentation will parse document and select and display content
depending on language chosen.
Images used will be in layered format with text and image at different
layers.
All cast names of learning object will be the file name so that it is possible
to identity and change them through the file.
Every text area and frame must be able to expand to accommodate the
content.
The structure of the was designed so that it is self explanatory and it is
easy to add new language and change not only text but also any image
present in the learning module to suit localization need. When localization
information is present any image within the tag will
be replaced with the replacement image. The system will look for these
images using the tag. tag selects the default
language used.
“Content” “Presentation”
4.1 Content (XML) File:
UTF-
8 XML
4.2 Presentation (Flash) File:
XML
PNG
XML
XML
<Image Replacements>
<Path> <Default Lang>
Institutions interviewed for this research cited various institutional, user, and
market drivers as spurring the adoption e-learning including faculty interest,
student convenience, al aviation of overcrowded classrooms, or course
management systems' (CMS) ease of use.
E-Learning Adoption Characteristics:
Several of these factor scan be at work in any
given institution, driving adoption of multiple
e-learning applications. All survey respondents
have integrated technology into classroom-
based courses, and a high percentage of
doctoral, master, and associate institutions
reported they have also implemented hybrid or
online distance-learning courses, or both.
Online distance-learning courses general y got
an earlier start than hybrid courses, but hybrid courses are now offered
by a higher percentage of institutions than online courses (80 percent versus
71 percent), represent a higher percentage of overall courses offered in
(11 percent versus 5 percent), and enroll more of the
institutions' students (13 percent versus 7.5 percent).
AY 2001–2002
Instructor E-Learning Challenges
Instructors face new quandaries when implementing e-learning, mostly
the time required to write rather than speak thoughts and to build interactivity
into a course, and ongoing course maintenance (for example, updating Web
links). Time management also becomes essential as instructors risk getting
overwhelmed by students' communications, especial y from the one-to-one
nature of instructor-student interaction in an online distance learning
course. When instructors teach an e-learning class, they must not only
prepare for the class itself but also must develop contingency plans in case
of technical problems. Instructors must consider students' technical
limitations—bandwidth and computer hardware, for example—when
designing online distance-learning courses. Some might be tempted to
add multimedia components or complex Web pages to courses, but
students might not have the network access to use them effectively.
KEY REPORT CONCEPTS
The instructor conducts class sessions online—not via mail or
telephone. This usually requires no face-to-face meetings between
students and instructor either in the classroom or via video during the
course.
Online distance-learning courses:
Traditional courses supplemented with technology: The instructor teaches all sessions in the classroom but incorporates
technology in some or all classes (using Power Point, Web-based
activities, multimedia simulations, online testing and soon.
Hybrid courses:The instructor combines elements of online distance–learning courses and traditional courses to replace some classroom sessions with virtual sessions. E-learning courses:
For this study, this umbrella term refers to all three course types.
Centrally administered:This term refers to departments that offer e-learning resources across the entire institution, including central IT departments, instructional technology departments, and central faculty resource. centers.
4
Students encounter their own problems when taking an e-learning course.
Many e-learning students lack confidence and experience with computers,
and they may lack skills in commonly used applications like
. The access level differs for students who must use the
computer lab versus those who own a laptop or desktop PC and can work at
any hour in their rooms, creating something of a digital divide among them.
Time-management skills and self-motivation also influence student
performance in e-learning classes, which are as time-consuming as
traditional classes.
Microsoft Word,
Excel, or PowerPoint
Student E-Learning Challenges:
A Web of Interconnected Resources:
Given the challenges e-learning courses pose, especially for instructors,
providing adequate support for e-learning activities is a complex proposition.
Producing and teaching an e-learning course effectively entails a web of
many resources, each facet or strand of which must be sound to ensure that
the course succeeds as a whole. E-learning support resources are
discussed below:Infrastructure Resources:
An institution's CMS can make or break e-learning adoption. An easy-
to-use CMS lets instructors adopt e- learning gradual y by initial y posting
course materials online or adding a threaded discussion, for example.
As instructors gain confidence with the e-learning tools, they can evolve their courses. CMS standardization provides a common platform on which to distribute knowledge and replicate or extend effective standardized processes.As more instructors adopt technology in their class-rooms, demand grows for standard-equipped and reliable technology-enabled classrooms. Rising e-learning course enrolment pushes student demand for computer access, resulting in overcrowded computer labs.
Continual planning is essential for keeping infrastructure up-to-date while
achieving high return on investment. For example, institutions must not only
provide adequate computer lab facilities but also must equip them for
multimedia applications as students' needs evolve.
Training Resources:Most institutions offer a menu of training resources for instructors, such as
one-on-one consultation, classroom training sessions, and online tools, to
address varying training needs and learning styles. While one-on-one
training offers personalized attention, resource constraints dictate the use of
at least some classroom training. Classes reach a broader audience and
range from scheduled sessions on specific topics to more systematic
training programs. Classes can help instructors achieve technical
proficiency and provide a forum to exchange ideas. Institutions can
personalize the classroom experience by augmenting teacher-led sessions
with staff members who answer specific questions and address issues on
each attendee's desktop computer. Licensed online training resources are
gaining popularity because they provide just-in-time training,
supplementstructured training sessions, offer a wider variety of training
courses than many institutions can provide , and
can serve both instructors and students. Other popular training techniques
include short, focused training sessions, like brown-bag lunches to discuss
a specific topic, or weekly drop-in sessions to let faculty discuss specific
technical or pedagogical problems on-the-fly. Others strive to train faculty
about course management systems in a practical context to provide training
in
(if appropriately licensed)
“an operational setting.”
Course Development Resources
E-learning course creation is complex and
time-consuming because instructors must
reevaluate their courses and choose the
most appropriate technical and pedagogical
tools for e-learning applications. To facilitate
the course development process, institutions
recommended easing instructors into e-
learning by gradual y incorporating
appropriate e-learning tools.
Some institutions partner instructors and instructional technologists in
formal e-learning course development programs that can last from 6 to
18 months. Institutions also need to support a wide variety of instructional
techniques to suit instructor preferences and content requirements.
Support and Help Resources:The scope, complexity, and access of support grow as e-learning gains
popularity, easily straining an institution's resources.
Many of the institutions interviewed use the same staff to support al forms of
e-learning. Some institutions do segregate most resources to address either
instructor or student needs. Online training or help desk services, however,
always service both instructors and students.
Today, about half of the survey respondents use staff members to handle e-
learning support needs along with their other duties not related to e-learning.
In two years, however, some institutions might move to more formalized
staffing arrangements.
Survey respondents expressed a preference for staff dedicated to e-
learning support, often as part of a dedicated e-learning support group.
One tricky issue for the support staff is the need for 24 x 7 support as
instructors and students work on their courses days, nights, and weekends.
The technology intelligence and industry analysis, conducted a three-
phase research study.
1. An online survey was conducted in October 2002 among 274 senior
information technology officials in EDUCAUSE member colleges and
universities that offer e-learning courses. The survey asked about their
e-learning activities and challenges, current e-learning resources, and
the support infrastructure that provides these resources.
2. Interviews were conducted with multiple sources at 19 higher
education institutions with illustrative e-learning programs to discuss
effective e-learning resource practices and strategies.
3. Six in-depth case studies, published separately, provide a look at how
six leading e-learning institutions support e-learning, including lessons
METHODOLOGY:
RECOMMENDATIONS
1. Make CMS Training a Priority: CMS facilitates e-learning adoption,
letting instructors experiment with e-learning and providing a standard
platform for sharing information and processes. Once instructors decide
to try their institution's CMS, the future of e-learning may rest on whether
they have a good or bad experience. If instructors are not trained to use
their CMS proficiently, they might be discouraged from adopting e-
learning.
2. Evaluate and Adapt Support Resources to Meet Evolving Needs:
Once instructors understand the basic CMS features, they quickly want to
apply multimedia and other advanced technologies. Institutions must
therefore constantly adapt their resources and evolve training course
topics and design to meet changing support requirements. Some
institutions offer short focus sessions and online training to augment
classroom training. Others adapt staffing, for example, by hiring more
instructional designers to meet growing demand.
3. Set Time Investment Expectations, Offer Time Management
Training: Instructors and students frequently underestimated the amount
of time needed to create, adapt, teach, and take an e-learning course.
Institutions should set instructors' expectations at the beginning of the
course design process to help them plan accordingly. Time-management
resources should be a priority. Other resources—a Web page, informal
workshops, or an orientation session to outline time-management
strategies and tips—could help instructors and students address this
problem.
5
SMS from Prof. A.K. Khare?
?
?
What we are is God’s gift to us---What we become is
our gift to god.
A pessimist will offer you a problem for every solution.
In my life I have never learned anything from a person
who always agreed with me.
Technically efficient and commercially viable distribution system is a key
constituent of the entire power supply chain management. Aggregate
Technical and Commercial losses (AT&C) in India has been of the order of
about 38 % which is abnormally high. It was realized that reduction of these
losses was essential for economic viability to the state utility. The
commercial losses are mainly due to low metering efficiency, theft and
pilferage, poor energy accounting and billing. Application of smart energy
meter which is accurate, intelligent and have capability to communicate is
essential. These meters involve application of modern technology and a
paradigm shift in energy accounting and billing where consumers and
supply company interests are at stake, accordingly a brief review of various
type of energy meters is presented.
Emerging Technology-Smart MeterProf. Rakesh Kumar
An is a device that measures the amount of
electrical energy produced by a power generating company or supplied to
consumers, The most common type of meter measures kilowatt hours.
When used in electricity distribution and retailing, the electric supply
companies record the values measured by these meters to generate bills for
electricity. The technology of energy meter has also under gone change with
the advancement in the field of electronics, computing and communication.
electric meter or energy meter
Electro mechanical Meter:
The electro mechanical induction meter operates by counting the revolutions of an aluminum disc which is made to rotate at a speed proportional to the power. The number of revolutions is thus proportional to the energy usage. It consumes a small amount of power, typically around 2 watts.
The metallic disc is acted upon by two coils. One coil is connected in such a way that it produces a magnetic flux which is proportional to the voltage and the other produces a magnetic flux in proportion to the current. The field of the voltage coil is delayed by 90 degrees using a lag coil. This produces eddy current in the disc and the effect is such that a torque exerted on the disc is proportion to the product of the instantaneous current and voltage. A permanent magnet exerts an opposing torque proportional to the speed of rotation of the disc. The equilibrium between these two opposing torques results in the disc rotating at a speed proportional to power being used. The disc drives a register mechanism which integrates the disc over time by counting revolutions, much like the odometer a car, This is the most prevalent meter being used till recent time.
Automatic Meter Reading (AMR):
AMR, is the technology of automatically collecting consumption, diagnostic,
and status data from energy metering devices and transferring that data to a
central database for billing, troubleshooting, and analyzing. These meters
mainly saves utility providers the expense of periodic trips to each physical
location to read a meter. Another advantage is billing can be based on near
real time consumption rather than on estimates based on previous or
predicted consumption. This timely information coupled with analysis, can
help both electricity provider and consumers.
AMR technologies include handheld mobile and network technologies
based on telephony platforms (wired and wireless), radio frequency (RF), or
power line transmission
4. Scale Resources to Meet Growing Support Demands: Rising e-
learning support requests tax current resources, and institutions might not
have the funds to expand them accordingly. Some clear-cut actions are to
turn every support request into an opportunity to promote technical self-
sufficiency or incorporate easy-to-use e-learning support tools. Some
share costs among institutions, using regional or system-wide
consortium-style licensing agreements for CMS, especial y when
upgrading to an enterprise version. Others leverage resources in
consortium, system, or open-source agreements, perhaps developing
online versions of the core courses that are offered across the university
system. Some develop common processes and tools to achieve
economies of scale, for example, a systematized process to develop and
maintain course systems or create the course framework and select its
content central y, giving the instructor the course materials to teach.
5. Implement Locally and Cultivate Grassroots Support: Institutions
can augment central resources at the departmental level, especial y by
adding local y based instructional designers to fulfil department-specific
pedagogical needs. Another potentially important resource is
grassrootssupport. Frequently it is more convenient and contextual y
relevant for an instructor to solicit help from col agues with advanced
technical skill s or e-learning experience. Other resources institutions can
employ to promote local or grassroots interaction include online faculty
“lounges” or bulletin boards, or department-sponsored instructor study
groups. As demand for e-learning support rises, a strong grassroots
support network can help off-load the central support load. To implement
these ideas, central support departments should work with department
heads to havean early user or core of early users in each department
trained in the institution's CMS.
6. Gain Administrative Support and Create Pro–E-Learning Policies:
Administrative leadership needs to create a cohesive institutional vision
and a set of policies for e-learning that foster adoption and cultural
change. Instructors may wish to try e-learning, but the required time
investment could dissuade them from doing so, especially if the
administrative climate does not recognize or reward instructors'
participation in terms of tenure and promotion.
USE AND BENEFIT :
The goal of this project is not to accommodate a complete localization of
content but rather make is easy to translate content to another language with
very little effort. In the XML file, language can be both edited and additional
language added. When additional language is available the system will be
able to provide a language selection menu. The advantages of this simple
approach are:
It will allow content translation with minimum effort
It will allow to add multiple languages to any single learning object
It will allow teachers and content developers more time to produce new
learning objects
It will allow a language to display properly by changing font size as
different language is presented properly at different size on screen
1.
2.
3.
4.
CONCLUSION :
E-learning has become a great teaching tool in this current technological
society. As more and more contents are developed they will become more
effective with proper multilingual support. The structure proposed in this
paper can be an effective guideline when developing these new contents.
Mostly we cannot run the e-services mentioned above efficiently or
smoothly, because of bandwidth shortage, delay and very high cost.
6
Santa Banta JokesTitanic was sinking.
"How far is land"?
2 KMs. Englishman jumped into sea.
Now, which direction? Downwards!
An Englishman asked Santa,
Santa:
Englishman:Santa:
How did Santa tried to kill a bird??
He took it to the top of a building and dropped it from there to die.
Santa:Doctor:Santa: Doctor:Santa:
I have swallowed a key. When? 3 months back! What were you doing till now?
I was using duplicate key, now I have lost it too.
Santa
"I luv u sister."
falls in love with a nurse... After much thinking, he finally writes a love letter to her:
Santa asked Banta:
Banta: PMAM
Why does Manmohan Singh go for a walk in evening?
Very simple, because he is not .
Pappu while filling up a form:
Very long...!
What should I write against mother tongue.? Santa:
Teacher:
Pappu:
What should be in a book to make it a bestseller?
A girl on the cover and no cover on the girl.
A Santa for repairing door bell. Santa doesn't turns up for 4 days. Lady calls again, I come daily for 4 days, I press the bell but no one comes out.
lady calls
Santa replies:
Multiple Tariff Meters:
Electricity supply companies may charge customers different tariffs at
different times of the day to better reflect the costs
of generation and transmission. Since it is not
generally possible to store electricity during a
period of low demand for use during a period of
high demand, costs will vary significantly
depending on the time of day. Low cost generation
capacity such as coal can take many hours to
reach peak efficiency from a cold start, meaning a
surplus in times of low demand, whereas high cost
but flexible generating capacity (such as gas
turbines) must be kept available to respond at a
moment's notice (spinning reserve) to periods of
peak demand, perhaps being used for a couple of
hours or even minutes per day. Which is very expensive.
Electronic Meters:
In addition to measuring electricity used, electronic meters can also record
other parameters of the load and supply such as maximum demand, power
factor, etc. They can also include electronic clock mechanisms to compute a
value, rather than an amount of electricity consumed, with the pricing
varying by the time of day, day of week, and seasonally. These meters also
display the power used on an LCD and can be read automatically.
Smart Meter:
Smart Grid smart grid.
A smart meter is an advanced electrical energy meter that identifies
consumption in more detail than a conventional meter; and communicates
that information via some Network back to the local electric supply company
for monitoring and billing purposes
Smart Meters involve a different technology mix, such as real-time or near
real-time sensors, power outage notification and power quality monitoring.
Smart meters are also believed to be a less costly alternative to traditional
interval or time-of-use meters and are intended to be used on a wide scale
with all customer classes, including residential customers. Interval and time-
of-use meters are more of a legacy technology that historically has been
installed to measure commercial and industrial customers. Smart meters
may be part of a but do not constitute a
Why Smart Meter:
Smart Meters provide an
economical way of measuring this
information, allowing price setting agencies
to introduce different prices for consumption
based on the time of day and the season.
The
change to smart meters is an answer to stop energy theft, low metering
efficiency, poor energy accounting and billing.
Since the inception of electricity deregulation driven pricing throughout the
world, government regulators have been looking for a means to match
consumption with generation. Traditional electrical meters only measure
total consumption and as such, provide no information of when the energy
was consumed.
Electricity pricing usually peaks at certain
predictable times of the day and the season.
In particular, if generation is constrained,
prices can rise significantly during these
times as more expensive sources of power
are purchased from other jurisdictions or more costly generation is brought
online. It is believed that billing customers by how much is consumed and at
what time of day will force consumers to adjust their consumption habits to
be more responsive to market prices.
The immediate implementation of Smart Meters in India is imperative to stop
power theft. Conventional meters can be manipulated to make them under-
register, effectively allowing power use without paying for it. Power
companies often install remote-reporting meters specifically to enable
remote detection of tampering, and specifically to discover energy theft.
7
GLOBAL WARMING
P. V. Kumar,Professor and Head,
Department of Mechanical Engineering
When sunrays fall on the earth, it is absorbed by the earth's surface except for a small portion which is reflected back into space. This heat is readily lost and it is emitted from the surface as infra-red (I.R.) radiation. Some of it is trapped by a number of gases-heat is allowed in but cannot go out-hence we have the Greenhouse Effect. This is the natural phenomon, otherwise the earth would be at least 30° C cooler, and life would not exist.
The major greenhouse gases are water vapour, carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, ozone, chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) and their replacements.
Recent human activities are enhancing the natural greenhouse effect. The concentration of certain greenhouse gases in the atmosphere are increasing, therefore more of the infra-red radiation emitted by the earth's surface is being trapped. The earth is losing less heat day by day and as a result. We are beginning to experience Global Warming.
Amount of carbon dioxide is increasing due to burning fossil fuels in power plants. Increasing number of automobiles also adds to this amount, Cutting of trees in the process of urbanization has added to this because trees absorb carbon dioxide. Oceans and soil also absorb carbon dioxide, but as mentioned above, amount of carbon dioxide is increasing at a much faster rate.
Any increase in global temperatures will increase amount of water vapor, because as air gets warmer it can hold more water vapor.
About a third of the atmospheric methane is from natural sources such as bogs and swamps. The remainder exists as a result of human activities such as waste disposal, fossil fuel mining, sewage treatment etc.
Concentration of Nitrous oxide is now rising, mainly as a result of fertilizer use.
Ground level ozone concentrations are increasing as a result of some industrial processes and spiraling transport use. Higher up in the atmosphere, the ozone layer is being depleted, which is not a good thing.
Chlorofluorocarbons(CFCs) and their replacements are synthetic, their contribution to global warming is entirely due to human activities
While the earth had been heating at the rate of 1 degree Celsius per
century until 1975, it has been warming at the rate of 4 degrees Celsius per
century in the last 25 years.
In the last 25 years, the surface waters in the eastern Pacific warmed by 3°C.
Warming that is causing the break up of Antarctic ice shelves has been detected in the deep oceans.
Ice plays a critical role in shaping our planet's environment. Ice in the form of sea ice, glaciers, ice caps and snow, reflects some of the sun's heat, cooling the planet. In contrast, the dark surfaces of the open sea and snow-free ground absorb heat. As ice disappears, the earth retains more of the sun's heat. And as the earth warms up, more ice melts. Through this feedback process, declining ice strengthens global warming.
INTRODUCTION:
REASONS:
EFFECTS:
(1)
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(3)
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(5)
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High above the oceans, most of Earth's glaciers are melting at accelerating rates. A 20 cm rise by 2030 and 50 cm rise by 2050 in the sea level is expected to result from glacial melting and from the thermal expansion of the oceans as water temperature rise. This may inundate some coastal regions, and increase the risk of serious flooding in many more. Most affected cities will be Mumbai, Rio de Janeiro and Shanghai. Last year flood in Mumbai was a warning.
Crop failure and famine will ensure throughout marginally productive regions of the world. Forestry will be affected.
Global rainfall patterns will change and the water management strategies of different regions will need to adapt to these changes. This will have serious global security implications and conflicts over water resources could well follow. Droughts and floods will become more common, while rising temperatures will increase domestic water demand.
Over the long term, there is likely to be an increase in the spread of certain diseases like malaria. Urban air pollution is likely to get worse and will result in ill health. Heat induced deaths are likely to increase, especially
among the elderly. Many human lives will be lost due to storms and floods.
Carbon dioxide emissions can be cut by reducing the use of fossil fuels, by utilizing renewable resources such as wind, solar and hydropower. Personal vehicles can be decreased by improving public transport systems. Diesel vehicles can be replaced by CNG vehicles. Use of generators should be banned after improving the power situation.
Since Carbon dioxide is consumed by plants and trees, reversing deforestation and implementing reforestation programs will reduce its level in the atmosphere.
Stricter emission norms should be imposed for the thermal power sector.
In India, Mumbai being most vulnerable to rise in sea level, the railway system should be elevated and the drainage system should be upgraded in order to reduce the threat from the sea level rise.
All should curtail electricity consumption. By using CFLs in place of bulbs and tube lights, Carbon dioxide emission can be reduced.
Electrical goods consuming less electricity should be purchased. Refrigerator should always be kept away from kitchen. It should be kept at a cooler place in the house.
Washing machines should be run when it is full to its capacity.
Wastes should not be disposed here and there. It should be used for composting.
MEASURES TO CURB GLOBAL WARMING:
8
CONCLUSIONS:It is the duty of all on this earth to think about this problem. It can be possible only if everybody feels concerned about it. This topic should be discussed in office, amongst friends and family members. Workshops should be arranged by different Institutions, Industries, Govt. bodies etc on this hot and alarming topic. Even the children should also be educated about this. We have to think for their future.
(9)
(10)
(11)
(12)
(13)
(14)
Vehicles should not be used for such work which be done by cycle or on foot.
Train journey should be preferred over aircraft journey.
When leaving room, all fans, lights and appliances should be switched off. Mobile charger should be unplugged as soon as it has done charging. T.V. and Music systems should be switched off from Main switch even though they have a stand by function. Some countries have made it mandatory for all new appliances to do away with the standby button.
Bottled water should be avoided. It has a big carbon footprint.
Solar water heaters and cookers should be used.
Imported fruits and vegetables should be avoided. Their transportation leaves a carbon trail.
IMPORTANT INTERNATIONAL MEASURES TO CURB GLOBAL
WARMING :(1) One way will be to replace completely the existing technology with a
cleaner one. But undertaking such conversions on a large scale demand a
lot of capital investment. The world community came up with a novel-market
based plan, called the Clean Development Plan Under this plan, an industry
in the developed world, which has a target to reduce emissions from its
production process, would fund the conversion of an industry in the
developing world (at a cheaper rate) and
take credit for the Carbon dioxide saved,
The developing world would get cleaner
technologies, the rich countries would meet
their targets and the world would be a cooler
place.(2) The measure of improvement would be
the tonnes of Carbon dioxide not released.
And for each tonne of Carbon dioxide that
any developing world industry saves, the
U.N. body on climate change gives a
certificate called Certified Emissions
Reductions (C.E.R.). The company can then
sale this certificate to any entity from the developed world which has targets
to meet at a mutually agreeable price. The developed world entity gets to
offset its targets against the certificate.
(3) The developed countries have historically been the biggest polluters so
far. As per Kyoto Protocol on climate change, developed countries (except
U.S. and Australia) have accepted to take on hard commitments to bring
down levels of greenhouse gases like Carbon dioxide. By 2012, they
committed to lowering down emissions to what once existed in 2000, which
meant developed country signatory and within those countries each
industry, which emits greenhouses gases, got fixed targets for emission
reductions. Recently American President has announced feeble roll-back of
his bailout on the Kyoto Protocol with a tentative new initiative to cut
greenhouse gases, a move that involves dragging India and China along.
Good Customer service: Bread and Butter of your business
Good customer service is the life blood of any business. You can offer promotions and slash prices to bring in as many new customers as you want, but unless you can get some of those customers to come back, your business won't be profitable for long. Good customer service is all about bringing customers back. And about sending them away happy – happy enough to pass positive feedback about your business along to others, who may then try the product or service you offer for themselves and in their turn become repeat customers.
Always answer your phone, make sure that someone is picking up the phone when someone calls your business.
Don't make promises unless you WILL keep them, reliability is one of the keys to any good relationship.
Listen to your customers, let them release their anger and tension. Let your guest talk and show him that you are listening by making the appropriate responses
Deal with complaints. Complaint is an opportunity to improve your grey areas.
Be helpful - even if there's no immediate profit in it. There is no harm in helping people who are not your immediate customers but instead by helping and by being courteous to them too, you can make them your future customers.
Train your staff to be ALWAYS helpful, courteous, and knowledgeable. Talk to them about good customer service. Most importantly, give every member of your staff enough information and power to make those small customer-pleasing decisions, so he never has to say, “I don't know.
Take the extra step. When you can show concern about what matters to your customer, that's Business to Customer Loyalty, and you can bet on it, you've just acquired a customer for life.
Throw in something extra. Whether it's a coupon for a future discount, additional information on how to use the product, or a genuine smile, people love to get more than they thought they were getting. And don't think that a gesture has to be large to be effective. The local art framer that we use attaches a package of picture hangers to every picture he frames. A small thing, but so appreciated.
If you apply these eight simple rules consistently, your business will become known for its good customer service. The irony of good customer service is that over time it will bring in more new customers than promotions and price slashing ever did.
1)
2)
3)
4)
5)
6)
7)
8)
Yash Raghav, Lecturer,
IEC-IHM, Greater Noida
SMS from Prof. A.K. Khare?
?
Growing Old is mandatory---but growing Up is optional.
Let us work for making things to happen---and not wait
for thing to happen.
9
P. V. KumarHOD Mechanical Engg.
B.Tech. (Mechanical Engineering)
OUR DEPARTMENT
The Department’s motto is to upgrade skills and knowledge of our young engineers to enable them to survive best in the present competitive world. State-of-art laboratories of the department provide ample opportunities to the students to complete meaningful projects apart from practice sessions of laboratory courses. Professional softwares in the CAD lab facilities this further. The department society, “ Aaruh” has been active in organizing technical and cultural progammes, quizzes, group discussions etc. personality development programmes offered by the professionals are arranged for the benefit of the students. The department stands accredited by the National Board of Accredition.
Our achievements are due ti team work, invite aspiring students and teachers to join us and cooperate to meet our cherished goals.
Mechanical Engineering continues to be a core branch of engineering for decades. During these decades , Mechan ica l eng ineer ing has strengthened itself with latest technologies and innovations. It has always been an ‘ Evergreen Branch’ which offers numerous job opportunities to students in all the industrial segments. Because of Globalization and relaxation in Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) policies, India is becoming Industrial hub with the result that Indian youth has lot of scope to be absorbed in technical jobs. Mechanical engineering jobs are considered to be most stable jobs in corporate world.Our programme prepares students to become top-notch Mechanical engineers with thorough knowledge both in theory as well as practical skills. The programme in initially broad based and specializes in the later years. The programme enables students just coming out of school to acquire very good technical knowledge and hence guide them to the ‘Road of Success’.The Mechanical engineering department at IEC-CET in one of the best department in terms of facilities, faculties, students and activities. Currently headed by Prof. PV Kumar, the department has been accredited by NBA through AICTE. In its journey the Mechanical engineering department continues to lead and expand its activities in various dimensions. Experimental and computational facilities of the department are continuously upgraded in tune with the latest technological innovations and industry standards. The department has a huge knowledge bank on thousand of books in its departmental library which helps students t increase their skills and knowledge without any limit. Department is equipment with all the laboratories with modern equipments. Department has state-of-the-art CAD/CAM lab, CNC machines ans a very well set workshop with all the facilities. The department is self contained in every respect and also has a seminar hall with multimedia teaching aids.
State-of-art laboratories (lab) are
available which can be classified as under:
The purpose of the Laboratory is to study the mechanical behavior of the structure and machines using theoretical, numerical and experimental methods and to provide teaching on this subject. Mechanical behavior is understood here to imply the statics, dynamics and stability of both rigid and deformable objects.
Laboratories:
Engineering Mechanics lab:
Material Science & Testing lab: Tit comprises of modern equipments such as metallurgical microscopes, muffle furnace, hydraulic press etc.
Engineering Mechanics lab: The purpose of the Laboratory is to study the mechanical behavior of the structure and machines using theoretical, numerical and experimental methods and to provide teaching on this subject. Mechanical behavior is understood here to imply the statics, dynamics and stability of both rigid and deformable objects.
Material Science & Testing lab:
Measurement & Metrology lab:
Mechanics of Machines lab:
Automobile Engg. lab:
Applied Thermodynamics lab:
Fluid Mechanics and Fluid Machinery lab:
Heat & Mass Transfer lab:
It comprises of modern equipments such as metallurgical microscopes, muffle furnace, hydraulic press etc.
The College has developed a well equipped Measurements & Metrology lab with requires equipments for carrying out the measurements. Equipments out the measurements. Equipments like slip gauge, sine bar. threaded micrometer, radius gauge, feeler gauge, bore gauge with dial indicator, vernier height gauge, bevel protractor etc. are also available.
The lab has equipments for Kinematics and Dynamics of Machines. It comprises working and nonworking models along with all required apparatus.
This lab consists of the test rigs of engines to carry out various experiments on fuel efficiency, break power test etc.
This lab consists of modern and sophisticated equipments. The experiments related with boilers, throttling calorimeter, condenser, turbine etc. are conducted on test rig. It is nothing but a mini steam power plant with 3 KW electricity generation capacities.
Fluid Mechanics Lab and Fluid Mechanics extension lab conduct courses and research Fluid Dynamics and Fluid Machinery. It provides facilities for undergraduate teaching, final year project and for research work leading to postgraduate degrees. This lab consists of several experimental setup for verifying the basis laws of fluid mechanics and some flow measuring devices. This lab houses experimental setup of a pelton wheel and a kaplan turbine which facilities the study and performance test of turbines. Experimental setup for several pumps also serve the same.
This lab is one of the strong laboratories in Mechanical Engineering department. Students are able to know about all the modes of heat transfer while performing sessional classes. Determination of thermal conductivity by Steady-State method, Radiation Heat Transfer, Thermal Contact-Condustance, Heat Transfer from
extended surface, Boiling Heat Transfer, Heat
Transfer by Forced Convection etc. are some major
fields where students perform their experiments.
Refrigeration and Air Conditioning lab provide
facility for undergraduate teaching in the field of
Refrigeration and Air conditioning system. The lab
chessists of several Refrigeration and Air
conditioning system like vapor compression, vapor
absorption type refrigeration system, capillary
tubes, quick ice maker, deep freezer, window type
air cooler, several air conditioning system, cooling
tower etc.
The Computer Aided Design and
Manufacturing laboratory in the Departments of
Mechanical Engineering, encompasses research in
geometric and solid modeling, CAD/CAM,
Computer aided process planning, solid freeform
fabrication, computer graphics and visualization,
virtual prototyping, and virtual reality.
. The
Institute has dedicated an area of 8000 sq.ft. for
workshop. The Central workshop of the Institute has
t h e f o l l o w i n g s h o p s , e q u i p m e n t a n d
accessories/tools: Machine Shop. Foundry
Shop Smithy Shop Welding shop (Arc and
Gas Welding) Fitting Shop Pattern making
shop Carpentry shop.
The Department has initiated steps
to start Post Graduate Courses which will ultimately
provide facilities for Doctoral Degree Program. Our
immediate plan is to further modernize the CAD and
other Laboratories by adding the latest equipment
and software which will facilitate early start of P.G.
programs in speific areas such as CAD/CAM and
Energy Engineering.
Refrigeration & Air Conditioning lab:
Computer Aided Design & Manufacturing
lab:
Workshop with Modern Machines :
Future Plans:
(1) (2)
(3) (4)
(5) (6)
(7)
Achievements:?
????
?
The department has been accredited by NBA through AICTE.Expansion of the workshop.Excellent Industry- institution interaction.Industrial based project.Active departmental socity of student Mech’lloyz.Selection of large no. of Student in public sector (BHEL, NTPC, ONGC, etc. 11
With the rapid growth and development of Indian industry-manufacturing and services, during the last 2-3 decades, the demand for professionally trained management graduates has also grown to provide professional management to large and medium enterprises for enhancing industrial productivity. To meet the demand, the university education in state sector was found to be inadequate and the Govt. adopted a liberal policy and allowed the entry of B-School in the private sector for providing management education. At present, a good number of management schools throughout the length and breadth of the country are operating to turnout management graduates (MBA & PGDM) without much regard to the quality of their product. During the last 2 years, the demand for management graduates has somewhat declined due to recessionary conditions at home and abroad and they have not been able to meet their expectations for desired salary. Only those management graduates who come out of IIMs and other reputed institutions get remunerative assignment and others are forced to accept salary as low as Rs. 1 lakh annually. Will it not be a good idea if such management graduates try their luck by setting up any business unit at their own and became self employed and earn more than want they can expect from out side employment. In this brief paper, the author has tried to trace the issues concerning the entrepreneurship development with a view to motivate at least those management graduates who have not been able to show excellence and grasp the management subject fully and as such have lost hope for an honorable salary.
Modern production is not possible without participation and cooperation of agents of production known as contributories of production. Traditionally, the economists have considered five factors of production such as land, labour, capital, organization and enterprise. Land is used in the sense of natural resources like coal, petroleum, metal & water resource, natural environment etc. Labour means human resource of various types-skilled, semi-skilled and unskilled labour. Capital means investible funds-owned or borrowed; organization represents the body of managers who are assigned the job of managing the affairs of the business unit for contractual compensation and enterprise means the entrepreneur who bear the risk of the business. According to the above classification, an entrepreneur is a person or body of individuals who performs variety of functions for which they get the surplus profit arising out of business activities after paying the contractual remuneration of all other factors of production. profit is the residual income which goes to entrepreneur for their services as entrepreneur. An entrepreneur is also defined as a risk-taking and uncertainty-bearing factor of production. Of course, entrepreneur also pocket the windfall gains, if any. An entrepreneur has to perform such functions which cannot be performed by any other contributory of production. Basic function performed by an entrepreneur may be listed below:
Creation of business ideas and identification of business opportunities. Take steps to translate the identified business opportunity into reality.
3. Evaluation of the business proposal to judge the techno-economic viability of the project.
Conduct benefit-cost analysis to ascertain the rate of expected return on investment.
Provision of invertible funds. Calculate the degree of risk and determine their risk taking capacity Decide the form of business organization and take steps to set up business unit.
Select necessary staff-technical, managerial and others to meet organizational needs.
Understanding the socio - economic, political and legal environment in which the unit will operate.
No ordinary person can discharge above functions; only person with extra-ordinary ability can do so. In order to be successful in his enterprise, the potential entrepreneur should possess the following qualities.
Visionary: the entrepreneur should be visionary to perceive future in right perspective and develop business plans accordingly.
Innovative/creative: This is a rare quality which he/she should possess to conceive newer products and techniques of production and doing business differently.
Confident: Should have confidence in his/her business plans based on feasibility report. The entrepreneur should also have full confidence in his managerial and other staff.
Adaptability: He/she should be capable of adjusting the business plans according to need of the market.
Artist: He should possess the art of dealing with bureaucracy and others in the Government to get the work done speedily.
Risk-taking capability: Hardly anybody can take unlimited risk. The entrepreneur should be willing to take reasonable degree of risk. No enterprise can come into existence without risk-takers. Risk-taking is a rare quality of entrepreneurship.
Ambition: Potential entrepreneur should be ambitioentify the important decisions made to make research an enjoyable experience.
Hard-work: Working hard is required in very activity for good results but it is all the more important in case of an entrepreneur who has so much at stake.
Optimistic: He/she should be optimistic and forward-looking and face boldly the contingencies, if any.
This is something concerning with feeling from within the desire to set up own business unit and become self-employed. In some person, this spirit already exists which may be considered as natural or God-given quality. Such persons go very high in life even without any formal management education. History is
Concept of Entrepreneurship:
FUNCTIONS
QUALITIES FOR EFFECTIVENESS:
ENTREPRENEURIAL SPIRIT:
1.2.
4.
5. 6.7. 8.
9.
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4.
5.
6.
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8.
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full of such persons. It will be useful here to give an example of Mr. Sunil Mittal, chairman and managing director of Bharti Group-India's largest GSM-based mobile phone service provider.
Mr.Sunil Mittal, a graduate of Punjab University started a small bicycle business in Ludhiana in partnership with his friend in 1970. Realizing that he will not be able to meet his ambition, he moved to Bombay and in 1982 started there the business of selling portable generators imported from Japan. When the import of generators was banned, he incorporated Bharti Telecom Ltd. in technical collaboration with Siemens AG of Germany for manufacture of electronic push button phones. Mr. Mittal was always in search of newer business opportunities. In 1992, he secured the license and formed Bharti Cellular Ltd to offer cellular services under the brand name Air Tel . Bharti became the first telecom company to cross 2 million mobile phone subscriber mark. Today, Mr. Sunil Mittal has the distinction of running the enterprise successfully with market capitalization of approximately $ 2 billion and employing more than 5,000 people. For his services, he has received many awards including IT Man of the year Award-2002 from Dataquest and CEO of the year -2002 award by World HRD Congress. Mr. Mittal possessed all the quality of a successful business entrepreneur. Such an entrepreneurship is rare. India needs an entrepreneurial class of people who can bring laurel to the nation. For this purpose we will have to generate entrepreneurship among our young management graduates.
Generation of entrepreneurship is very difficult and delicate task for the following reasons:
Management graduates join the management institute with a pre-determined mind that they will go in for employment in any corporate in public or private sector. It is very difficult to change their attitude and motivate them to become entrepreneur.
The young graduates are apprehensive for fear of loss and erosion of capital investment.
They do not have adequate finances for investment purpose.Lack of information and knowledge about profitable business propositions hinder the
growth of entrepreneurship. Lack of state support and assistance in financing and marketing also prevent the
growth of entrepreneurship.Discouragement due to abnormal delays in acquiring industrial plot/shades in
industrial estate, industrial licenses and other clearances from the slow-going bureaucracy.
Under the prevailing circumstances the solution to the problem of generating entrepreneurship on a bigger scale seems to be somewhat difficult. However, the entrepreneurial spirit can be generated among the management graduates by following the measures as suggested below:-
Persuation: This is the right way to generate entrepreneurship. The young graduates should be made to realize the benefits and gains of becoming an entrepreneur. They will get motivated only if they are convinced with the idea of entrepreneurship. Teaching of a course on Entrepreneurship in any management programme in traditional style does not bring any appreciable change in the attitude of students. The course should be designed and implemented with the involvement of the institutes set up by the government for developing entrepreneurship in small industry sector.
Training & Development: EDP Programs should be rightly conducted and during the course of these programs profitable business opportunities should be brought to the knowledge of the trainees.
Provision of Industrial Projects: Research-based detailed project reports should be made available to the trainees.
Govt. assistance and support in the form of financing at cheaper interest rate, land acquisitions, provisions of industrial shades, scarce raw material, liberal import licenses and other necessary facilities are highly important to encourage entrepreneurship. Since the adoption of liberal economic policies, the government has withdrawn or considerably reduced most of such facilities and left the weak small enterprises to face the market forces. Consequently, the sickness in small industry sector has increased as the entrepreneurs were not able to face the market competition for variety of reasons. The condition of small scale industry has proved deterrent to the generation of new entrepreneur. Since the small industry and other business organizations of smaller size are labour- intensive and capital-savings, they deserve government support not only for their personal growth but also for social benefits such as lessening the severity of unemployment, use of local resources, improving economic condition in poverty-ridden areas and development of tension-free social order.
Government and private sectors taken together are not a position to gainfully absorb the management graduates who are coming out of university and colleges every year. Therefore, the need of the hour is to generate entrepreneurship for self employment. The obstacles in the way of promoting entrepreneurship need to be removed and potential entrepreneurs identified and persuaded to become entrepreneurs by providing necessary training and monetary and other support as indicated in this paper. Once the potential entrepreneurs are convinced with the profitability and sustain ability of the project, they will come forward in large number to take up projects for the benefit of one and all.
A CASE OF SUCCESSFUL ENTREPRENEUR:
GENERATION OF ENTREPRENEURSHIP:
THE SOLUTION:
CONCLUDING REMARKS:
1.
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3.4.
5.
6.
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2.
3.
4.
10
Generating Entrepreneurial Spirit Among ManagementGraduates for Self Employment
By: Dr. Nisar Ahmad (Prof & Head, Deptt. of Management)
Introduction:
ADVANCES IN DRUG DELIVERY SYSTEMSYogeeta Sameer Goyal
Department of Pharmacy
Innovative pharmaceutical treatments require innovative methods of administration:
For most of the industry's existence, pharmaceuticals have primarily consisted of simple, fast-acting chemical compounds that are dispensed orally (as solid pills and liquids) or as injectable. During the past three decades, however, formulations that control the rate and period of drug delivery (i.e., time-release medications) and target specific areas of the body for treatment have become increasingly common and complex. Because of researchers' ever-evolving understanding of the human body and the explosion of new and potential treatments resulting from discoveries of bioactive molecules and gene therapies, pharmaceutical research hangs on the precipice of yet another great advancement. However, this next leap poses questions and challenges to not only the development of new treatments but also the mechanisms with which to administer them.
The current methods of drug delivery exhibit specific problems that scientists
are attempting to address. For example, many drugs' potencies and therapeutic
effects are limited or otherwise reduced because of the partial degradation that
occurs before they reach a desired target in the body. Once ingested, time-
release medications deliver treatment continuously, rather than providing relief of
symptoms and protection from adverse events solely when necessary. Further,
injectable medications could be made less expensively and administered more
easily if they could simply be dosed orally. However, this improvement cannot
happen until methods are developed to safely shepherd drugs through specific
areas of the body, such as the stomach, where low pH can destroy a medication,
or through an area where healthy bone and tissue might be adversely affected.
The goal of all sophisticated drug delivery systems, therefore, is to deploy
medications intact to specifically targeted parts of the body through a medium that
can control the therapy's administration by means of either a physiological or
chemical trigger. To achieve this goal, researchers are turning to advances in the
worlds of micro- and nanotechnology. During the past decade, polymeric micro
spheres, polymer micelles, and hydrogel-type materials have all been shown to
be effective in enhancing drug targeting specificity, lowering systemic drug
toxicity, improving treatment absorption rates, and providing protection for
pharmaceuticals against biochemical degradation. In addition, several other
experimental drug delivery systems show exciting signs of promise, including
those composed of biodegradable polymers, dendrites (so-called star polymers),
electro active polymers, and modified C-60 fullerenes (also known as “Bucky
balls”)
The earliest drug delivery systems, first introduced in the 1970s, were based on
polymers formed from lactic acid. Today, polymeric materials still provide the most
important avenues for research, primarily because of their ease of processing
and the ability of researchers to readily control their chemical and physical
properties via molecular synthesis. Basically, two broad categories of polymer
systems, both known as “microspheres” because of their size and shape, have
been studied: reservoir devices and matrix devices. The former involves the
encapsulation of a pharmaceutical product within a polymer shell, whereas the
latter describes a system in which a drug is physically entrapped within a polymer
Early research into biodegradable systems focused on naturally occurring polymers (collagen, cellulose, etc.) but has recently moved into the area of chemical synthesis. Examples of such polymers include polyanhydrides, polyesters, polyacrylic acids, poly (methyl methacrylates), and polyurethanes. As a result of extensive experimentation with these materials, several key factors have emerged to help scientists design more highly degradable polymers. Specifically, a fast-degrading matrix consists of a hydrophilic, amorphous, low-molecular-weight polymer that contains heteroatoms (i.e., atoms other than carbon) in its backbone and is grown either stepwise or through condensation reactions. Therefore, varying each of these factors allows researchers to adjust
the rate of matrix degradation and, subsequently, control
Other promising investigations into the use of polymer
matrixes as drug transport devices have also been studied.
For example, one method uses conducting, electroactive
polymers as a medium-sensing, bioactive molecule-
releasing system. Drug delivery with these conducting
polymer membranes is achieved through the controlled
ionic transport of counterions (dopants) in and out of the
membranes. Specifically, redox reactions regulate the
necessary electrochemical switching, thus allowing
electrostatically entrapped, anionic dopants (such as the
biological molecule ATP, which has been investigated for
various cardiovascular therapies) to be either retained or released. In fact, initial
studies involving a polypyrrole-based polymer membrane have proved quite
promising, with results indicating that the drug delivery rate, chemical sensing,
and electrochemical triggering can all be synthetically and precisely controlled.
network. Or, put differently, if a medication is analogous to a piece of solid
chocolate, a reservoir device is like a wrapped Hershey's Kiss, and a matrix
device is like a chocolate chip cookie.
Finally, recent research has shown that hydrogel-type materials
can be used to shepherd various medications through the stomach and into
the more alkaline intestine. Hydrogels are cross-linked, hydrophilic, three-
dimensional polymer networks that are highly permeable to various drug
compounds, can withstand acidic environments, and can be tailored to
“swell”, thereby releasing entrapped molecules through their weblike
surfaces. Depending on the gel's chemical composition, different internal
and external stimuli (e.g., changes in pH, application of a magnetic or
electric field, variations in temperature, and ultrasound irradiation) may be
used to trigger the swelling effect. Once triggered, however, the rate of
entrapped drug release is determined solely by the cross-linking ratio of the
polymer network.
References:
2001; 4:49-52.
2002; 62: 7-11.
2001:53:95-108.
1.
2.
3.
Collen T.Vogelson, Advances in drug delivery system. Journal of
Nanotechnology.
Robert Langer, Selected advances in drug delivery and tissue
engineering. Journal of control release
Annette Rösler , Guido W. M. Vandermeulen and Harm-Anton Klok et al.
Advance drug delivery reviews
SMS from Prof. A.K. Khare?
?
My wife’s menu consists of Two things: Take it or Leave
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The next thing that a man must do after winning an
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12
CONTRIBUTION OF NANOTECHNOLOGY BASED PRODUCTS IN PHARMACY
Yogeeta Sameer Goyal & Bhanu P. S. Sagar
Department of PharmacyologyIntroduction
Nanotechnology is the science of materials and devices whose structures
and components exhibit novel and significantly altered physical, chemical and
biological properties, phenomenon and processes due to their nanoscale size.
The most important applications of nanotechnology
in healthcare are diagnosis, drug delivery and
development of nano-medicines including
nanosurgical procedures. In the recent past,
pharmaceutical technology has initiated to take the
advantage of the advent of nanotechnology. Still
more research and teaching of this discipline in
pharmacy is highly needed. The present article
describes the importance and potential of
nanotechnology in pharmacy and to make aware
pharmacy professionals and academicians 1regarding its prospects in curriculum.
Tools of nanotechnology:Various nanotechnology-based tools having applications in diagnosis,
detection and treatment are as follows:
Dendrimer is a molecule having potential to link treatment with detection and
diagnostics. In case of drug delivery, it has the capability to hold therapeutic
substances such as DNA in their cavity. Most important applications of
dendrimers are solubilization, gene therapy, dendrimer-based drug delivery,
immunoassay and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) contrast agents.
Quantum Dots (QDs) are tiny-light emitting particles on the nanometer scale.
These are developed as a new class of fluorescence probes for molecular
imaging and medical diagnostics. QDs have large impact on some important
developments in different medical areas, in vitro and in vivo detection and
analysis of biomolecules, immunoassays, DNA hybridization, development of
non-viral vectors for gene therapy.
Cantilevers help in detection of cancer. In case of cancerous cells, they bind
to altered DNA proteins which result in altered surface tension and lead to
bending of cantilevers. By monitoring the bending of cantilever, cancer can be
detected easily and treated at early stages.
Nanoshells are developed for the targeted destruction of various cancers.
They act by absorbing light and successfully kill tumour cells while leaving
neighboring cells intact.
Nanotubes have a diameter half to that of DNA. Due to this, they help in
detection of DNA changes associated with cancer. They offer some distinct
advantages over other drug delivery and diagnostic systems due to very
interesting physicochemical properties.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Outcomes of nanotechnology in healthcare:Few of the fruitful outcomes of nanotechnology in healthcare are:
Albumin conjugated paclitaxel as a nanoparticle is used for treatment of
taxane-refractory metastatic breast cancer.
Anticancer drugs have been developed in the form of nanoencapsulation,
enclosing drugs in lipid nanocapsules and encapsulating drug in hydrogel
nanoparticles.
Targeted drug delivery with nanoparticles has been observed to be very
1.
2.
3.
effective e.g. PEG-coated nanoparticles.
Doxorubicin bound to polysorbate coated nanoparticles crosses blood brain
barrier (BBB) and is used in treatment of human glioblastoma.
Biocompatible polymeric micelles with polysorbate 80 for use in brain
targeting.
Nanoemulsions are used in drug delivery and in food industries for
the development of neutraceuticals.
Sunscreens are developed containing titanium dioxide and zinc
oxide nanoparticles.
Melgardt M. de Villiers, Pornanong Aramwit, Glen S.Kwonet al. Journal of nanotechnology 2008:655-662.
Prabodh Chander Sharma, Rakesh Pahwa, Sonia Yadav and DN
Mishra. Importance of incorporation of nanotech based topics in
pharmacy. Pharmabiz.com. July 2009.
Nicollas peppas, J Brook Thomas. Nanotechnology in
Therapeutics: Current Technology and Applications. Journal of
Nanomedicine 2009.
4.
5.
6.
7.
1.
2.
3.
References:
Microsoft designed Windows 7 to simplify the
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sleep and resume and make your PC more responsive help you get
more done.
13
4G Mobile Communication based on OFDM Technology
Sanjeev Saini, Senior Lecturer (ECE)
Theory:
In recent years, the rapid growth of wireless communications has resulted in an
increasing demand for high data rate communications in many applications, such
as wireless local area networks (WLANs), and worldwide interoperability for
microwave access (WiMax). The main challenge of all these applications is to
support high data rate with limited bandwidth and restricted power consumption.
Introduction:
ORTHOGONAL frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) technology is widely
adopted for wireless communication applications such as wireless local-area
networks, wireless personal-area networks, wireless metropolitan-area networks
and digital video broadcasting nowadays. OFDM is potential candidate for fourth
generation (4G) mobile cellular systems .It provides greater immunity to the
frequencies selective channels .Compared to conventional modulation
techniques such as single-carrier BPSK,QPSK or MSK, OFDM transmits
symbols having longer duration but a narrower bandwidth. Mostly, OFDM
modulation systems are designed such that each subcarrier is narrow enough in
bandwidth to experience approximately frequency-flat fading.Current 3G
wireless communications have successfully increased the bandwidth available
for new applications through the use of code division multiple access (CDMA) for
the physical-layer transmission. Unlike older schemes that multiplex data for
ind iv idual channels through
frequency or time divisions, CDMA
spreads data throughout the telecom
operator's spectrum, using the
constructive interference properties
of the codes associated with each
channel to perform the multiplexing.
CDMA has proven effective in the
packet-switched voice wireless
world and spread spectrum techniques have allowed a more efficient and flexible
use of bandwidth than previous systems. Regarding 4G standards, both major 3G
standards bodies, the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) and 3rd
Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2), have indicated that orthogonal
frequency division multiple access (OFDMA) is their choice for the physical-layer
transmission technology.
In OFDM, usable bandwidth is divided into a large number of smaller bandwidths
that are mathematically orthogonal using fast Fourier transforms (FFTs).
Reconstruction of the band is performed by the inverse fast Fourier transform
(IFFT). FFTs and IFFTs are well-defined algorithms that can be implemented very
efficiently when sized as powers of 2. Typical FFT sizes for OFDM systems are
512, 1024 and 2048, with the smaller 128 and 256 sizes also possibilities. Among
the bandwidths that will be supported are 5, 10 and 20 MHz. One beneficial
feature of this technique is the ease of adaptation to different bandwidths. The
smaller bandwidth unit can remain fixed, even as the total bandwidth utilization is
changed. For example, a 10-MHz bandwidth allocation may be divided into 1,024
smaller bands, whereas a 5-MHz allocation would be divided into 512 smaller
bands. These smaller bands are referred to as subcarriers and are typically on the
order of 10 kHz.
Figure 1: In OFDM, usable bandwidth is divided into a large number of smaller bandwidths, called subcarriers, that are mathematically
orthogonal. (Source: Wikipedia).
The block diagram of a wireless communication system with multiple
antennas at both the transmitter and receiver, known as a multiple-input multiple-
output (MIMO) system, is shown in Figure 1.1. It has been proven that the use of
multiple antennas at both ends of a wireless system has the potential of
drastically achieve a high capacity through spatial multiplexing techniques. If the
perfect channel-state information (CSI) is available at the receiver, the average
capacity grows linearly with the smaller number of transmit and receive antennas.
However, the system with high data rates in mobile communications typically is
affected by higher delay spread relative to the symbol duration. Moreover, a high
Doppler spread resulted from time-varying channels or mobile environments
make the data transmission less reliable. In conventional single-carrier
communication systems, multipath fading of wireless channels leads to inter-
symbol interference (ISI), which requires complex equalizers as the data rate
increases. Multi-carrier modulation is one of the transmission schemes that is
less sensitive to time dispersion of the channel. A basic multi-carrier transmitter
diagram is shown in Figure1.2. In multi-carrier systems, the transmission
bandwidth is divided into several narrow sub channels and data is transmitted
parallel in these sub-channels. Data in each sub-channel is modulated at a
relatively low rate so that the delay spread of the channel does not cause any
degradation as each of the sub-channels will experience a flat response in the
frequency domain. Although the principles have been known since the early
1960s, multi-carrier modulation techniques, especially Orthogonal Frequency
Division Multiplexing (OFDM), have gained more attention in the last ten years,
due to the increased powerful techniques of digital signal processing. The basic
idea of OFDM is to turn the wideband frequency selective wireless channel into a
set of frequency-flat narrowband channels. As a consequence, the complexity of
the equalization technique reduces considerably. Hence, the design of the
receiver is simplified significantly. Also, multi-carrier systems efficiently exploit the
transmission spectrum because they allow a spectral overlap among the
subcarriers. OFDM, as a multi-carrier modulation technique, overcomes the main
problem arising from high-data-rate communications, known as time dispersion.
In OFDM systems, the subcarrier frequencies are chosen in such a way that there
is no influence on other subcarriers in the detection of the information in a
particular subcarrier, when the orthogonality of the subcarriers is maintained. The
data-bearing symbol stream is split into several lower-rate streams and these
streams are transmitted on different subcarriers. Since this increases the symbol
period by the number of overlapping subcarriers, multipath echoes will affect only
a small
Figure 1.2: Block diagram of basic multi-carrier transmitter
Figure 1.1: Block diagram of a MIMO system
14
portion of the neighboring symbols. Remaining ISI can be removed by cyclically
extending the OFDM symbol. The length of the cyclic extension should be at least
as long as the maximum delay spread of the channel. In this way, OFDM reduces
the effect of multipath propagation encountered with high data rates and avoids
the need for complex equalizers. Although OFDM has proved itself as an efficient
modulation technique, it has its own challenges. Sensitivity to frequency offsets,
caused when a receiver's oscillator does not run at exactly the same frequency as
the transmitter's oscillator, is one of the major problems. This offset perturbs the
orthogonality of the sub-carriers, degrading the system performance. Another
problem is the large Peak-to-average Power Ratio (PAPR) of the OFDM signal,
which requires power amplifiers with large linear ranges. Hence, power amplifiers
require more back-off which in turn reduces the power efficiency. Some other
problems include phase distortion, Doppler spread and intercarrier interference.
Most standards employing OFDM do not utilize the available resources
effectively. Most of the time, systems are designed for the worst transmission
scenarios. The length of the cyclic prefix, for example, is chosen in such a way
that it is larger than the maximum expected delay spread of the channel, which
introduces a considerable amount of overhead to the system. However, if the
maximum excess delay of the channel is known, the length of the cyclic prefix can
be changed adaptively according to the channel conditions, instead of setting it
for the worst case. The information about the frequency selectivity of the channel
can also be very useful for improving the performance of the wireless radio
receivers through transmitter and receiver adaptation.
Figure 3.3: Block diagram of an OFDM transceiver
Benefits of OFDM:
One challenge in today's wireless systems is an effect called 'multipath.' Multipath
results from reflections between a transmitter and receiver whereby the
reflections arrive at the receiver at different times. The time span separating the
reflection is referred to as delay spread. This type of interference tends to be
problematic when the delay spread is on the order of the transmitted symbol time.
Typical delay spreads are
microseconds in length, which
are close to CDMA symbol
times. OFDMA symbol times
tend to be on the order of 100
m i c r o s e c o n d s , m a k i n g
multipath less of a problem. In
order to mitigate the effect of
multipath, a guardband of about
10 microseconds, called the
cyclic prefix, is inserted after
each symbol.
Figure 2: WiMAX technologies for LOS and NLOS environments (Source: WiMAX Forum).
Applications:
OFDMA is based on orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM). This
technology has been around for some time and has been used in ADSL, Wi-Fi
(802.11a/g), DVB-H and other high-speed digital transmission systems. It is not
surprising that the first foray of OFDM into the cellular wireless world was fixed-
access WiMAX 802.16d. This wireless standard has been used to provide high-
speed internet access either as a replacement for other access technologies like
ADSL or cable, or to provide service in regions where the other access
technologies were not deployed.OFDM is used as the modulation method for
Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) Terrestrial Digital Video Broadcasting (DVB-T)
in Europe, and in Asymmetric Digital Subscriber Line (ADSL). Wireless Local
Area Networks use OFDM as their physical layer transmission technique.
Different WLAN standards have been developed in Europe, USA, and Japan,
such as the European standard ETSI HiperLAN/2 , and the American standard
IEEE 802.11a/g, each has similar physical layer specifications based on OFDM.
The combination of MIMO and OFDM improves the quality of service (QoS) and
data rate of the system by exploiting the multiplexing gain and the diversity gain.
Evolving wireless standards, such as the mobile Wi-Fi (IEEE 802.11n) and
WiMax (IEEE 802.16e),employ multiple transmit and receive antennas with
OFDM technique for increased spectral efficiency and improvement of
performance
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Mr. Amit Kumar, System Analyst 15
In today's age of convenience, fast food needs no introduction. Everyone
from a 2-year-old toddler to a 60-year-old grandpa seems to be enjoying it every chance they get. And why not? It's delicious, it's filling, is really affordable, and readily available just any time of the day. Well, plenty – fast food is all good tasting, except that it is not nutritionally balanced and, therefore, unhealthy in the long run if consumed on a regular basis. Fast food is loaded with calories from refined sugar and fats (especially, the artery-clogging saturated and hydrogenated fats, which are repeatedly reheated to high temperatures for frying purposes). It is also very high in sodium, coming from common salt and other additives. On top of all this, fast food is deficient in cellulose and essential micro-nutrients like vitamins and mineralsTo make matters worse, heaps of fast food are normally taken with sugar-rich colas – which many fast-food restaurants serve free with food as an incentive.
To make a long story short, all this results in piling up of unused empty calories in the body, which get stored as body fat – till one day you look in the mirror and realize that your great figure has been replaced by this creature in the mirror.
And being physically inactive only adds to the problem of obesity. Not many people who love fast food are ready to acknowledge that obesity is not simply an eyesore – it is a major risk factor for a large number of deadly diseases like hypertension, diabetes, high cholesterol, heart disease, and even many types of cancers.
Recent scientific studies have shown that high-calorie foods rich in fats, refined sugar and salt could reconfigure the hormones in the body in such a way that they make you crave for such foods and always leave you as more.
In other words, fast food is kind of addictive; you get hooked on to it and continue consuming it in an uncontrolled way in spite of knowing that it is unhealthy. The situation is worse in case of children who from a very young age get hooked on fast food.
To sum up, consuming fast food on a regular basis leads to many health hazards. But bringing about changes in eating habits is not easy.
To start with, a simple change that one could make is to successively reduce the frequency of eating fast food and eat more frequently home-cooked food, with plenty of fresh foods and vegetables.
Slowly your taste will change and your body will respond with new found energy.
Sumit PantLecturer,IEC-IHM, Greater Noida
Fast Food :Effects on Health
Allium sativum commonly known as Garlic:
You either love it or hate it but you can never be indifferent to the galling grab of garlic. No one can imagine cooking without these pearly whites. Italian food without garlic? Chinese? French? Punjabi? No Way!
But Brahmin food? Kashmiri Pandit? Jain? do not use Garlic because of socialogical and religious beliefs “Indian legends has it that Garlic grew from drops of Blood that fell to the earth when Janardana decapitated Asura, the ruler of the Indian pantheon.
Garlic is grown globally, but China is by far the largest producer of garlic, with approximately 10.5 billion kilograms (23 billion pounds) annuallyGarlic may be applied to breads to create a variety of classic cuisines such as garlic bread, garlic toast, bruschetta, etc.
Oils are often flavored with garlic cloves. These infused oils are used to season all categories of vegetables, meats, breads and pasta.
In some cuisine, the young bulbs are pickled for 3–6 weeks in a mixture of sugar, salt, and spices. In eastern Europe, the shoots are pickled and eaten as an appetizer.
Garlic is claimed to help prevent heart disease, high cholesterol and high blood pressure and cancer. Animal studies, and some early investigational studies in humans, have suggested possible cardiovascular benefits of garlic.
Apparently, ancient Indians valued the medicinal properties of garlic and acknowledged it to be an amorous aphrodisiac—a kind of veggie Viagra, if you will. That belief, incidentally, is shared in many other parts of the world. According to Palestinian tradition for example, the bridegroom is made to wear a garland of garlics; the idea being to ensure a successful and memorable wedding night!
Some uncommon facts about Garlic:
increases sex power
Can be used as a cure from arthritis, asthma, toothaches to plague, cancer and cardiovascular disease.
The Dracula Connection came from a belief that rubbing Garlic on windows would discourage Vampires.
Ancient Egyptians and middle eastern cultures used garlic as a currency ndand if recorded is accurate, in the 2 century BC, 15 pounds of garlic could
purchase a healthy slave.
Egyptians freely used garlic in their burial chambers—believe to ensure prosperity in the after life and also as an ingredient for mummification.
In ancient Greece, people who had eaten garlic were forbidden to enter Temple of Cybele because its smell was considered offensive.
1.
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4.
5.
6.
Controversies, Uses, Benefits of garlic are endless and garlic has gone through quite a gadabout. But if you ask me – garlic is great, go get it!
Tom ThomasLecturer, IEC-IHM, Greater Noida
16
Scientific and Technological
NewsNature the top news this week was that a fossilized primate which got
extraordinary hype last spring, when a TV documentary declared it a direct
ancestor to humans and a “missing link,”
, after all. A new punched holes in the earlier
work, arguing that the 47-million-year-old primate was nowhere near
monkeys, apes, and humans on the primate family tree, but was instead part
of the lineage that led to lemurs. This corrective study is gratifying to many
evolutionary biologists who felt that the “missing link” study hadn't been
properly vetted, and was promoted so heavily
for the TV show. Nature also had two interesting neuroscience studies this
week. In the first, the were
corrected by reducing the levels of one particular enzyme in the mouse
hippocampus, the brain region involved in memory and learning. The
appears to point the way toward drugs for sleep-deprived humans, The
second brain-related identified, for the first time, a small group of
neurons that . Until now, researchers had
been mystified as to the function of these neurons, which make up about 5
percent of the neurons in the inner ear.
probably didn't play a major role in
the evolution of humans study
in order to raise an audience
memory problems of sleep-deprived mice
study
study
process painfully loud sounds
Fossilized primate:
Journal of the American Medical Association: An in JAMA kicked up a bit of fuss by questioning the effectiveness of
. The authors note that
prostate cancer screenings can turn up very slow-growing cancers that don't
pose a real threat, and say that treating such cancers can actually cause
more harm to patients than leaving them be. They note a similar trend with
the mammographies that screen for breast cancer. While the authors don't
go so far as to recommend the cessation of screening programs, they do ask
for a better discussion of benefits versus risks.
article
widespread screening for prostate and breast cancer
Amphibian populations are crashing around the world, and experts say that
the chytrid skin fungus is one of the major culprits–but until now, no one
understood how the fungus was killing frogs and toads and other creatures.
A new cracked the case by showing that the fungus interferes with
frogs' ability to absorb nutrients through their porous skin. The electrolytes
that frogs usually get from their watery environments play a crucial role in
muscle and nerve function; when their levels plummet,
. While the new findings don't offer any immediate hope for ways to
treat fungal infections in the wild, researchers are determined to gather all
the information they can about this killer.
study
the frogs' hearts shut
down
Science:
One of the most confounding stories in medicine over the past weeks has
been the frustrating tale of the HIV vaccine that either showed the first real
promise in preventing HIV infection, or was yet another dud–depending on
how you look at it. In late September, researchers of a
large clinical trial of the vaccine in Thailand, saying that people who received
the vaccine were 31 percent less likely to get HIV. While the vaccine's
protection seemed limited, there was much rejoicing. But within weeks,
that a different analysis of the trial's results
made it appear that the vaccine's benefits were a fluke. The two sides
this week at the AIDS Vaccine Conference, drawing fresh
evidence from the full trial results that were published in a in NEJM.
announced the results
other AIDS researchers declared
have
been hashing it out
study
New England Journal of Medicine:
Finally, on a lighter note: A new has determined that the testosterone levels of male John McCain supporters
, when Barack Obama soundly beat their candidate. Men who supported Obama's candidacy showed no corresponding boost in testosterone levels, and women's hormone levels also stayed steady. The results were based on saliva samples taken at regular intervals on election night, and a surveys also revealed that the McCain supporters felt submissive, controlled, and unhappy. Researchers say the findings are proof that politics can affect men in the same way that physical contests for dominance do.
(PhysOrg.com) -- The ability to store and retrieve data is an important component of today's computers, as well as other modern electronic devices such as cell phones, video game consoles, and camcorders. Since their invention in the 1950s, magnetic-based hard disk drives (HDDs) have been the primary method of nonvolatile storage. However, researchers are currently developing several new and promising nonvolatile memory (NVM) technologies, but for one of them to replace HDDs within the next decade, it will be a challenge.
studydropped dramatically on Election
Night 2008
What Comes After Hard Drives?
PLOS ONE:
How to learn
a foreign language online
By Elizabeth Landau
Free online learning:
With the boom in social media, it makes sense that learning a
language online would take on a Facebook-like component. The
general impression is that these are great ways to exchange
languages with people all over the world, but you might not
always get helpful feedback.
With , you get to learn the language of your choice
while helping others who want to speak your native tongue.
Once you complete a structured lesson, you submit your own
writing and audio recordings to other users for feedback.
Reading a sentence aloud and then sending my recording off
was pretty intimidating, but I got a response within 10 minutes
from a girl in Russia who gave it five stars and a "Good!!" --
although she was surely too kind.
Livemocha
Don't Miss
17
Bioinformatics with soft computingDNA
Badal Bhushan , Department of MCA
Bioinformatics: Bioinformatics can be defined as the application of
computer technology to the management of biological information i.e. a study
of the inherent genetic information, underlying molecular structure, resulting
biochemical functions,
and exhibited phenotypic properties. One need to analyze and interpret the
vast amount of data that are available, involving the decoding of around 24 000
- 30 000 human genes. Biological data mining is an emerging fild of research
and development, posing challenges and providing possibilities in this
direction. So that there are following topics are arise on Bioinformatics: Post-
Genome Applications, Bioinformatics and medicine, Bioinformatics and
biodiversity, Bioengineering, Gene Expression, Gene Network, Sequence
Analysis, Structure Network, and molecular Evolution.
Proteins constitute an important ingredient of living beings and are made up of
a sequence of amino acids. The determination of an optimal three-dimensional
(3-D) conformation constitutes protein folding. It is a highly complex process,
providing enormous information on the presence of active sites and possible
drug interaction. To establish how a newly formed polypeptide sequence of
amino acids finds its way to its correct fold out of the countless alternatives is
one of the greatest challenges in modern structural biology. Proteins in
different organisms that are related to one another by evolution from a common
ancestor are called homologs. This relationship can be recognized by multiple
sequence comparisons. A similar primary structure leads to a similar 3-D
struck- within the cell. Gene expression data being typically high dimensional,
it requires appropriate data-mining strategies like feature selection and
clustering for further analysis. Biological networks relate genes, gene
products, or their groups (like protein complexes or protein families) to each
other in the form of a graph, where nodes and edges correspond to molecules
and their existing interrelationships, respectively. Metabolic networks depict a
set of chemical reactions, mostly catalyzed by enzymes, and are extremely
important for gene expression profiling. This is because the link between the
gene regulatory control and the primary causative factors of diseases (like
altered protein activities or biochemical composition
DNA: The nucleus of a cell contains chromosomes that are made up of the
double helical DNA molecules. DNA
consists of two strands, each being a
string of four nitrogenous bases, viz.,
adenine, cytosine, guanine, and
thymine. DNA in the human genome is
arranged into 24 distinct chromosomes.
Each chromosome contains many
genes, the basic physical and
functional units of heredity. However,
genes comprise only about 2% of the
human genome; the remainder
consists of non-coding regions, whose
functions may include providing
chromosomal structural integrity and regulating where, when, and in what
quantity proteins are made. DNA is transcribed to produce messenger (m)-
RNA, which is then translated to produce protein. The m-RNA is single
stranded and has a ribose sugar molecule. There exist “Promoter” and
“Termination” sites in a gene, responsible for the initiation and termination of
transcription. Translation consists of mapping from triplets (codons) of four
bases to the 20 amino acids building block of proteins. Enzymes and hormones
are also proteins.
Biological Networks: Processes that generate mass, energy,
information transfer, and cell-fate specification, in a cell or microorganism, are
seamlessly integrated through a complex network of cellular constituents and
reactions. Such a metabolic network consists of nodes, i.e., substrates (genes
or proteins), that are interconnected through links, i.e., metabolic reactions in
which enzymes provide the catalytic scaffolds. The degree of interconnectivity
of the network may be characterized by its diameter, which is the shortest
biochemical pathway averaged over all pairs of substrates. The topology of a
network reflects a long evolutionary process molded for a robust response
toward internal defects and environmental fluctuations. Despite significant
variation of individual constituents and pathways, metabolic networks have the
same topological scaling properties and exhibit striking similarities to the
inherent organization of complex, robust nonbiological systems [10]. The
Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database provides a
public standardized annotation of genes.2 It is a knowledge base for
systematic analysis of gene functions in terms of the networks of genes and
molecules. The data objects in KEGG are represented as graphs, and various
computational methods are developed to detect graph features that can be
related to biological functions. For example, it can: 1) reconstruct biochemical
pathways from the complete genome sequence; 2) predict gene regulatory
networks from gene expression profiles, obtained by microarray experiments;
Soft Computing: the definition of soft computing is “Computational techniques
for management and analysis of biological data and knowledge “ Or “Using
computers to solve molecular biology problems”
Soft Computing: the definition of soft computing is “Computational
techniques for management and analysis of biological data and knowledge “
Or “Using computers to solve molecular biology problems”
The principal notion in soft computing is that precision and certainty carry a
cost, and that computation, reasoning, and decision-making should exploit
(wherever possible) the tolerance for imprecision, uncertainty, approximate
reasoning, and partial truth for obtaining low-cost solutions. A fuzzy set A in a
space of points R = {r}is a class of events with a continuum of grades of
membership, and it is characterized by a membership function ìA(r) that
associates with each element in R a real number in the interval with the value of
ìA(r) at r representing the grade of membership of r in A. FSs provide a natural
framework for the process in dealing with uncertainty or imprecise data. ANNs
are signal-processing systems that try to emulate the behavior of biological
nervous systems by providing amathematical model of combination of
numerous neurons connected in a network. The
learning capability and robustness of ANNs,
typically in data-rich environments, come in handy
when discovering regularities from large datasets.
This can be unsupervised as in clustering, or
supervised as in classification. The connection
weights and topology of a trained ANN are often
analyzed to generate a mine of meaningful
(comprehensible) information about the learned
problem in the form of rules. There exist different
ANN-based learning and rule-mining strategies,
with applications to the biological domain.
18
Ferromagnetism in graphite!!!
Ferromagnetism usually arises from transition metals rich
in 3d and 4f electrons. The occurrence of ferromagnetism
in pure carbon, which contains only s and p electrons, is
thus surprising—even controversial since the magnetic
signal is very weak and the Curie temperature (The
temperature below which a material behaves as a
ferromagnet) is well above the room temperature. Using
magnetic force microscopy and a superconducting
quantum interference (SQUID) device to probe the
surface and bulk magnetization of graphite, Netherlands
researchers Jiri Èervenka and Kees Flipse (Eindhoven
University of Technology) and Mikhail Katsnelson
(Radboud University) offer evidence that the
ferromagnetism arises from a two-dimensional network of
point defects at grain boundaries.
The breaking of the translational symmetry of the lattice
by the defects leads to localized electron states at the
Fermi level. Because of electron–electron interactions,
those
states become polarized, which, in turn, leads to the
formation of local magnetic moments. Grain-boundary
defects are more complicated than single vacancies: The
figure here shows a 2D plane of periodic defects, each an
extended zigzag discontinuity that propagates through
individual graphene sheets of the bulk crystal.
A magnetic moment can be associated with each defect;
and the step edge at the surface is a manifestation of the
grain boundary buried underneath it. The Curie
temperature deduced from experiment is, reassuringly,
comparable to the theoretical value based on weak
interlayer coupling.
Santosh Kumar Tripathy
Lecturer (Applied Science)
Some of the major ANN models include perceptron, multilayer perceptron
(MLP), radial basis function (RBF) network, Kohonen's self-organizing map
(SOM), and adaptive resonance theory (ART). There has been research in the
judicious integration of ANN and FSs, by augmenting each other in order to
build more intelligent information systems. The NF computing paradigm often
results in better recognition performance than that obtained by individual
technologies. This incorporates both the generic and application-specific
merits of ANNs and fuzzy logic into hybridization. The theory of RSes is a
major mathematical tool for managing uncertainty that arises from granularity
in the domain of discourse—that is, from the indiscernibility between objects in
a set. The intention is to approximate a rough (imprecise) concept in the
domain of discourse by a pair of exact concepts, called the lower and upper
approximations. The lower approximation is the set of objects definitely
belonging to the vague concept, whereas the upper approximation is the set of
objects possibly belonging to the same. Gas are adaptive and robust
computational search procedures, modeled on the mechanics of natural
genetic systems. They operate on string representation of possible solutions in
terms of individuals or chromosomes containing the features. The components
of a GA consist of a population
The research work is going on the above topic.
19
The traditional notion of intelligence, based on I.Q. testing, is far too limited. Dr. Howard Gardner
proposed eight different intelligences to account for a broader range of human potential in children
and adults. These intelligences are:
1. Linguistic intelligence (” word smart”)
2. Logical-mathematical intelligence (”number/reasoning smart”)
3. Spatial intelligence (”picture smart”)
4. Bodily-Kinesthetic intelligence (”body smart”)
5. Music intelligence (”music smart”)
6. Interpersonal intelligence (”people smart”)
7. Intrapersonal intelligence (”self smart”)
8. Naturalist intelligence (”nature smart”)
Are we corporate ready?
21
Self planned,Individual based
In a group where each member contributes individually and makes learning enjoyable. Team playing skills get honed.
In the corporate world every project is executed in teams. Hence, team paying skills become very Important.Group learning makes a student corporate ready while he/she is in the college.
Long durationdeadline
Short duration deadline given both to individuals and in group.
Collaboration in a shorter duration.
Corporate world works on short (daily/weekly)deadline vs. long duration deadline in a college.After learning are better equipped to adapt to the corporate life.
Last minutepreparation
Learning on a regular basis through group assignment’s and activities.
Helps students manage and groom themselves better.
In the corporate world, self development and grooming is a must to ensure sustainbility.Group learning nad self meneging traits prepares a student to adapt to the day-to-day work disciplines at corporate.
Answer to be gathered from various sources like Internet, Books, Journals or Peers by research
In a corporate world, exact solution is not available for the customer’s requirement. We need to evaluate solutions and articulate the same by being resourceful.
Answer available in text books
Assignments / home work based, on major loss on meeting the deadlines
Assignment and project based with not specific deadlines given.
As group provides a conducive environment for project completion. Adhering to deadline makes assignments or projects more challenging.
Employees may have to complete their a s s i g n m e n t s b y d o i n g R e s e a r c h -Seek/Explore. Huge impact on missing deadline.
Group learning and deadline-orientation takes place while the student is still in college.
Self planned,Individual based
In a group where each member contributes individually and makes learning enjoyable. Team playing skills get honed.
In the corporate world every project is executed in teams. Hence, team paying skills become very Important.Group learning makes a student corporate ready while he/she is in the college.
Traditional Learning
Group Learning
Corporate Ready
FACULTY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMME CONDUCTED BY WIPRO
OCTOBER 12-16, 2009
FDP STRESSES ON THE FACT THAT “ A TEACHER IS A LEARNER TILL HIS / HER DEATH”.
Paradigm Shift in Teaching/Learning. The need of the hour is to introduce innovative teaching techniques to bring about the
teaching- learning paradigm shift. There is a sufficient supply of fresh talent but they are not immediately employable and
innovative solutions can help us meet this challenge.
“The programme will enable the faculty to make students understand their subjects better as well as teach them key behavioral
skills that will include behavorial as well as interpersonal skills.'' A learner centric teaching facilitates students learning to higher
levels. In this mode of teaching the Faculty takes up the role of a Mentor, Guide, Coach, and a Facilitator for learning. This helps:
Wipro chairman Azim Premji said:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Develop oral communication skills among the students.
Stimulate critical thinking and helps students clarify idea
through discussions.
Use a team approach to problem solving while maintaining
individual accountability.
Promote a positive attitude towards the subject matter
5.
6.
7.
8.
Build self responsibility for learning among students.
Foster and develop interpersonal relationships
Build self esteem in students
Simulate real life situations
20
Promote Student-Faculty interaction and familiarity
Task Current Teaching Paradigm
Proposed Learning Paradigm
Preparation Collectively by Instructors (one time) Individually by Instructor for the class
Individually by students at their own pace
Collectively in the class as teams by students for group
Assignments and Instructor through exams
By Instructor
First exposure to content At the same time for all students
Understanding of the content Individually by the student
Testing this understanding By Instructor through exams
TEACHING IS CERTAINLY NOT
CHILD’S PLAY BUT MADE SO
INTERESTING THAT THE CHILD
PLAYFULLY LEARN ALL
Dr. Bloom simply classified forms and levels of learning “A love story”
Once upon a time, there was an island where all the feelings
lived: happiness, sadness, knowledge, richness, vanity &
all of the others including love. One day it was announced
to the feelings that island would sunk, so all repaired their
boats & left.
'love' wanted to presevere until the last possible
moment. When the island was almost sinking. love decided
to ask for help.
'richness' was passing by love in a grand boat. Love
said, “richness, can you take me with you?” richness
answered: “no, I can't. There is a lot of gold & silver in my
boat. There is no place here for you.”
love decided to ask 'vanity' who also passing by in
a beautiful vessel. “Vanity, please help me!” “I can't help u,
love. You are all wet & might damage by boat.” vanity
answered.
'Sadness' was close by so love asked for help.
“Sadness let me go with u.” sadness replied,
“Oh……….love, I am so sad that I need to be by myself!”
'Happiness' passed by love too, but she was so happy that
she didn't even hear when love called her!
Suddenly, there was a voice: “come love, I will take
u.” it was an elder. Love felt so blessed & overjoyed that he
even forgot to ask that elder his name. When they arrived at
dry land, the elder went his own way.
Love realizing how much be owned the elder, asked
another elder; “knowledge, who helped me?”
It was 'time', knowledge replied. “Time?” asked
love. “But why did time help me?”
Knowledge smiled with deep
wisdom & answered, “Because,
only time is capable of
understanding how great love is.”
Nitin Gupta ( Lecturer, Mechanical Engg. Dept.)
22
The human genome project was started in 1990 by the Department of Energy and the National Institute of Health and was completed in 2003.Around 18 countries have taken initiative. They are, Australia, Brazil, Canada, China, Denmark, European Union, France, Germany, Israel, Italy, Japan, Korea, Mexico, Netherlands, Russia, Sweden, United Kingdom, and the United States. The goals of the project Included:
To categorize all the genes in the of humans. To find out the series of 3 billion base pairs in one strand of humans.
To make a database of all the information collected. In order to find out accurate results, The human genome project first understood the hereditary structure of several non human organisms like escherichia coli, The fruit fly. and the laboratory mouse. Here some of the target that were planned and
, that were achieved
: DNA Sequence
Finish 95% of DNA sequence that contains genes up to 99% accuracy. Achieved: Finished 99% of DNA sequence that contains genes up to 99% accuracy.
Human Sequence Variation Planned: 100,000 mapped human SNPs Achieved: 3.7 million mapped human SNPs
Gene Identification
Full length Human cDNAsAchieved:15,000 full length human DNAs
Model Organisms
Complete Genome Sequences of E. coli, S. cerevisiae, C. elegans, and D.Melanogaster
Finished genome sequences of E. coli, S. cerevisiae, C. elegans, D. melanogaster, and also of others like C. briggsae, D. pseudo obscura,mouse and rat. The scientists accumulated blood (female) or sperm (male) samples from a huge variety of donors. They worked only on a small fraction of samples and made them the DNA sources. The donors' identities were guarded and even the scientists didn’t come to know about it. Otherwise many DNA clones were taken from already stored libraries. The human genome project was to be made available to public with the help of the following databases:
Find out genetic links as to why diseases like neurofibromatosis, Alzheimer's disease, and familial breast cancer occur.
U.S.
HGP
(20,000-25,000) DNA DNA
The human genome project was helpful in a number of areas like:
In medicine it helped to:
1.2.
Target
Planned :
Target:
Target:
Planned:
Target:
Planned:
Achieved:
NCBI Human Genome Sequencing Progress University of California at Santa Cruz Ensemble Genome Browser at Sanger Institute and EMBL’s European Bioinformatics Institute. EMBL-Bank – EMBL’s Nucleotide Sequence Database.
1. Medicine
2. Forensic Science
3. Agriculture
4. Evolution of humans
5. Health damage
1.
The Human Genome Project By Archana Verma
Assistant Professor ( Information Technology)
2.
3.
4.
In Agriculture it helped to:
In Evolution it helped to:
In health damage it helped to: 1.
2.
1.
2.
3.
4.
1. (A,C,T and G)
2.
Find out in general the causes of diseases and diagnosis can be done at an earlier stage and diseases treated at an earlier stage.
Drugs can be designed according to the genetic makeup of a person.
Damaged genes may be removed and new genes may be added via gene therapy.
Equate organs that are to be donated with the genetic makeup of the persons receiving them in transplantation of organs.
In Forensics science it helped to: Detect the individual humans who may be associated with the crime by inspecting the DNA sequences. Confirm paternity relationships
Release people who are mistakenly arrested for the crime.
Give people more healthy food, which is also pesticide free. Crops grown can be insect and drought tolerant. increase the growth of crops Decrease the loss in crops.
Find out the evolution of humans Compare humans with other organisms and find out the genes that are responsible for different diseases and disorders. Study the Y chromosome of males and its effect in evolution. Study the X chromosome in females and its effect in evolution.
Find out how some people get more affected by the same amount of radiations and others get less affected.
Find out the cancer causing toxins and their relations to different genetic make ups of individuals. Understand mutations.
Chromosomes, which are about 50 million to 250 million base pairs, are
cut into smaller pieces.
The smaller piece is taken as a template and fragments created that differ in length by a single base pair.
The fragments are separated by gel electrophoresis.
The final base at the end of each fragment is Identified. This process recreates.
The original sequence of AS, TS, CS, and GS for each small piece generated in first step:
The human genome is made up of 3164.7 Million chemical Nucleotide bases .
The largest gene has 2.4 Million base pairs but on an average a gene consists of about 3000 base pairs.
How was the Genome sequencing done is described below:
The Observations from the project were:
All humans have about 99.99 % similar gnomes. We still do not know the functions of about 50% of the genes that we have discovered. The proteins are made only from 2% of the entire genome. Repeated sequences which do not help in the making of proteins, also called “junk DNA” make up about 50% of the entire genome. This “junk DNA” seems to be responsible for providing structural support to the chromosomes. The regions of DNA which have genes are mainly composed of C and G nucleotides and the regions which do not have genes are mostly made up of A and T nucleotides. Chromosome 1 has the highest number of genes (2968), and the Y chromosome has the least number of genes (231). Other organisms have their genes uniformly spaced in comparison to the genes of a human which are randomly spaced. The human genome has 50% of repeated sequences in comparison to the worm or fly which have 7% and 3% respectively. There are about 1.4 million regions in the human genome which show differences in single base DNA (SNPs).
23
Guest Lectures ,Paper Presented and Conference attended by IEC CET Faculty
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
F.
G.
Prof. S.S.Chauhan, Professor in the department of Mechanical Engineering – The following two papers were accepted for publication :
“Biomechanics of the Knee Joint during Squatting” International Journal of Computational Intelligence and Bioinformatics” Vol.1 No.2 June 2009.
“Four-bar linkage mechanism above Knee Prosthesis for Walking and Squatting” International Journal of Mechanical Engineering” Vol.2 No.1 June 2009.
“Kinematics and Kinetics measurement of normal human locomotion through gait analysis”(IJMST 8)” International Journal of Medical Science and Technology.
“(JPO 07-78) original research article “Knee Forces consideration during squatting for Prosthetic Design”, Journal of Prosthetics and Orthotics, America.
Ms. Rashi Agarwal, Lecturer in MCA – The following papers were published online in the Springer Science + Business Media, LLC, August 2009.Effect of Stochastic Noise on Superior Julia Sets.A new Experimental Approach to study the stability of logistic map.Generation of Fractals from complex logistic map.
Prof. P.B.Mital, HOD –Electronics & Communication Engineering presented his Research paper on “An Inductorless realization of the double Scroll Chua's circuit based on Electronic Analogy” in the National Conference at Vidyalankar Institute of Technology, Wadla,
thMumbai on 5 October 2009.
Prof. Bhushan Mital's HOD –Electonics & Communication Engineering Research paper titled “Modelling & Simulation of fractional order Chaotic Systems using MATLAB/Simulink” has been accepted at Thapar Univeristy, Patiala.
Dr. Anamika Pathak presented a paper on “High rate vector Quantization in warped Linear Predictions coding” in the National Conference at Vidyalankar Institute of Technology, Wadla, Mumbai on
th5 October 2009.
8 papers were presented by students in the Technical Paper thPresentation on “Technical Issues and Recent Trends” held on 10
October 2009. This was organized by Mr. Amit Yadav of Computer Science Department. Faculty members present were, Head – CS, Head – IT, Head – MCA, Mr, Ashwani Kumar, Mr.,Devendra Kumar Mr.,Amit kumar and Mr.Rajesh Kr., Umanath.
Mr. Rajendra K.Sharma's, (HOD – IT) paper “Multimodal Biometrics System using multiple classifiers for Effective Human Recognition is accepted in the International Conference on Computer, Electrical, and Systems Science to be held in Venice, Italy from 28th to 30th October 09.
(I)
(ii)
The following two papers are under review : (I)
(ii)
(I) (ii) (iii)
d. Dr. A.K.Singh of Applied Science attended a International Environment Trade Conference on Indian Environment Summit 2009 (IES 2009) organized by the
th thIndian Recycle and Waste Management from 14 to 16 September 2009 at Delhi. The theme of the Summit was Sustainable Waste Management : Challenges and Opportunities.
FACULTY DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMMES
1. thFDP on Cryptography & Network Security was held on 25 September 2009 in
the Institute. 20 Faculty members participated in the FDP including 5 faculty
members from Galgotia College of Engineering & Technology, IIMT and Greater
Noida Institute of Technology, Greater Noida. The programme was organized by
Mr. Saurabh Chauhan & Mr.Navel Kishore Sharma.
2. Wipro organized FDP on Teaching Learning Process in IEC College of
Engineering & Technology Gr. Noida. This FDP was held from 12th Oct – 16th Oct
'09. Their were 31 faculties who participated in this program from different
colleges i.e. from Sharda University, Skyline Institute of Engineering &
Technology, Gr. Noida, & R.D Engineering College, Ghaziabad. 18 faculties from
IEC-CET have participated actively. Inaugural function took place on 12th Oct
with the speech of Prof (Dr) Ishan Ranjan Director IEC – CET Gr. Noida.
1.
2.
3.
Presentation by Mr. Rajesh Kumar Singh, Lecturer in Computer Science on JSP(JAVA SERVER PAGE) for the Computer Science and Information Technology
thfaculty was held on 5 October 2009.
Presentation by Mr. Umanath Vishwakarma, Lecturer in Computer Science on “GSM Technology Overview” for the Computer Science and Information
thTechnology faculty members was held on 5 October 2009.
Presentation by Prof. Nisar Ahmad, HOD – MBA on “ Formulation of Research rdproposal” was held for the faculty members of MBA on 23 October 2009.
PEER PRESENTATIONS
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
A lecture on `Enhancing Investor's Returns on Investments' by Mr.
Prabhash Chandra, National Head, Escorts Asset Management Ltd. was rdheld on 23 September 2009 for the MBA students.
held in Venice, Italy from 28th to 30th October 09.
A lecture on `How to be positive and motivated' by Shri Rakesh Mittal, stIAS Commissioner, Social Welfare, U.P.Govt, Lucknow was held on 31
August 2009.
A lecture by Mr. Aditya Sharma, HR-Wipro was held for the teachers and
students on 21st October 09 on placement techniques. Case studies were
also presented by the students. Mr. Sharma also interacted with the
Chairman and the Director.
A workshop on “Digital Image processing” by Mr. Ejaz Ahmad, Business
Development Engineer, Begapt Solution was held for Students and
teachers, on 8th October 2009. 6 faculty members and 45 students
attended the workshop. The Workshop was organized by the Department of
Computer Science and Information Technology.
A lecture on “Developing Entrepreneurship among Management
Graduates for Self Employment” by Mr. G.C.Motwani, Management thConsultant on 28 October 2009 in the Institute. The lecture was held for the
Management students.
Systems Science to be
Compiled by Anita Menon
INDUSTRIAL PRESENTATION/ GUEST LECTURES ORGANISED
PAPER PUBLICATION/ PAPER PRESENTATION
24
Faculty/ staff members who were sponsored/ allowed to attend the seminar/ conference/ Lecture
a.
b.
Mr. Ankur Saxena of Electronics & Communication Engg. Department attended a 3 days training programme on Six Sigma conducted at Indian Statistical
nd thInstitute, Delhi from 2 to 4 September 09.Prof. S.S.Chauhan and Mr. Vinay Gupta of Mechanical Engineering attended a Lecture series on “Industry-Academia cooperation in R&D : Some important factors for success and Successful approaches for Ph.D research completion”
thon 14 September 2009 organized by “Explorer Group” at IIT, Delhi.
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