Current Activities of TIFRInfrared Group & Plans for

Near Future

Swarna Kanti Ghosh, Bhaswati Mookerjea, Devendra Ojha

Scientific and Technical Staff :

S L D’Costa, M B Naik, S S Poojary, P Sandimani, C B Bakalkar, G S Meshram, D M Patkar, R B Jadhav

Central Research Theme

The study of Interstellar Medium The study of Interstellar Medium (ISM)(ISM) in in

relation to Star Formation in our Galaxy relation to Star Formation in our Galaxy

and nearby galaxiesand nearby galaxies

- Properties of interstellar dust and gas

- Multi-wavelength studies

Current Research Activities

Far Infrared (FIR) studies:

High angular resolution (~ 1') mapping of Galactic Star Forming Regions (GSFRs) using TIFR 100 cm balloon borne telescope (from TIFR Balloon Facility, Hyderabad) *

in two FIR bands (150 & 210 m ) * *

in astrophysically important [C II] line at 158 m using Fabry Perot Spectrometer, FPS (TIFR – Japan collaboration) *

Current Research Activities cont….Near Infrared (NIR), Optical & Radio continuum studies ofGSFRs (Ground-based) :

Using NIR imager (including TIFR 1 - 5 µm camera: TIRCAM) * *

Optical imagers / spectrometers from various ground based telescopes at the National observatories (at Mount Abu, Hanle, Nainital; GMRT) * * * *

H2 (1-0)S1 – rotational-vibrational line of molecular hydrogen (2.12 µm) (shocked gas) * * Br – hydrogen recombination line (2.16 µm) (Ionized gas) H, [S II], [O III],… narrow-band imaging: Ionized/shocked emission Optical spectroscopy: Ionizing source(s), Embedded PMS stars, Nebular characteristics Slitless Spectroscopy Surveys: Search for H emission stars of T Tauri and related types (TTSs) as well as of Herbig-Haro objects

Current Research Activities cont….

• International facilities (through competitive, peer-reviewed observing proposals and archival databases): VLT, UKIRT, SUBARU, SPITZER, MSX, ISO, AKARI, JCMT

• Numerical modelling: - Radiative transfer; - UIB emission from the MSX & Spitzer bands; - Model of stellar population synthesis of the Galaxy

In Near Future….. NIR imager for 2 meter NIR imager for 2 meter Himalayan Chandra TelescopeHimalayan Chandra Telescope (HCT), Hanle (Ladakh)(HCT), Hanle (Ladakh)

TIRCAM-II Upgradation of TIRCAM-I

A large format NIR array (Aladdin III quadrant InSb 512 x 512 pixels; 1 - 5 µm) has been procured from Raytheon, USA, to upgrade the TIRCAM-I (58 x 62 pixels). * * *

The upgradation work is nearly complete for the NIR imaging (PAH, nbL’, M-band) beyond 2 µm with 2 meter HCT in Hanle, Ladakh (altitude ~ 4,517 meter) *

Near Infrared Spectrometer Near Infrared Spectrometer (NIRSPEC) for Large Aperture (NIRSPEC) for Large Aperture

Indian Telescopes (DIndian Telescopes (Dteltel ≥ ≥ 2 meter)2 meter)

Plan to develop a NIR spectrometer

(with imaging capabilities) based on

1024 x 1024 HgCdTe focal plane array

(Rockwell HAWAII-I 1K PACE detector)

for use with large aperture (Dtel 2 meter)

ground-based Indian telescopes

NIRSPECNIRSPEC (General Specifications):

Optical Feeds :

ARIES, Nainital 3.6 meter (by 2012) *Optical design f#9 FOV 6.8 arcminutesPixel size ~0.4 arcseconds

Imaging :

1 - 2.5 micronsFilters : J, H, K, H2, Br Gamma, Kcont, CO, [Fe II] & few others

Spectroscopic mode :

Resolving power of 1,000 to 3,000Slit width of 0.8 and 1.2 pixelsSlit length > 4 arcminutesTwo Grisms (JH & HK wavelength range)

Sub-mm Astronomy from Hanle (Ladakh);Sub-mm Astronomy from Hanle (Ladakh);

Time sharing in large telescopes Time sharing in large telescopes (e.g., UKIRT, Gemini) ?(e.g., UKIRT, Gemini) ?

Thank You !

TIFR 100 cmBalloon BorneFar Infrared Telescope

(on Launch Arm) Primary : 100 cm

aluminium ;Mass ~ 850 KgNo. of launches : 20

“T100”payload

Final map resolution ~ 1.0 arc min (@ 200 m)

@ 0.3 K

RCW 106RCW 106Southern Galactic star forming regionDistance ~ 3.6 kpc23 discrete COLD sources (M ≥ 15 Msun)

TIFR - 150 μm TIFR - 210 μm

T ~ 20 - 40 K Peak optical depth ~ 0.10

Dust emissionin far infrared

Spatial distribution of dust temperature& optical depth

T150/210 210

~ 1.2 deg2

Fabry Perot Spectrometer (FPS)

ISAS (Institute of Space & Astronautical Science, Japan)

Tuned to [CII] line at 157.7 µm

Detector – Stressed Ge:Ga Photoconductor

Spectral Resolution – ~1700 (175 km/s)

Spectral Range – 157.41 µm to 158.57 µm

Spatial Resolution -- 1.4’

Detection Limit –3 x 10-5 ergs s-1 cm-2 sr-1

Far Infrared Spectroscopic mapping of Orion-A

( [C II] line at 158 m – most efficient coolant of the interstellar gas at ~ 100 K )

TIFR NEAR INFRARED CAMERA (SBRC 58 x 62 InSb FPA)

Fabry Perot Spectrometer (FPS) (developed at ISAS, Japan & adapted for T100)

Spectral Resolution (R) ~ 1700Spectral scanning range ~ 63.2 – 63.5 cm^-1 (157.4 m – 158.2 m)

Stressed Ge:Ga photoconductor (Spectral Response)

Scanning Fabry Perot

Basic configuration of the FPS

TIFR FIR 130 and 200 μm maps probe the cold dust T ~ 34 K (assuming λλ-2)

IRAS-HIRES 12 and 25 μm maps have been used to obtain T(12/25) and 25

(assuming λλ-1)

T(12/25)

Contours are 1, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90 and 95% of peak optical depth(0.001)

25

Isotherms are 100, 110, 120, 125, 135, 140, 150, 170 K

Spatial distribution of Dust Temperature , etc

Radio emission from ionised gas

Date of Observation - 28 Oct'01 Primary beam - 26.1’Synthesized beam - 7.5” x 3.8” Position angle - -34.4 o noise in map - 0.8 mJy/bm Cont. Bandwidth - 16 Phase calibrators - 2011-067

IRAS 19111+1048

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IRAS 19110+1045

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GMRT - 1280 MHz

Results from radiative transfer modeling

IRAS 19111+1048 IRAS 19110+1045

512 x 512 InSb Array (Aladdin III quadrant)

TIRCAM-II :TIRCAM-II : Preparation for MUX installation

TIRCAM-II (with MUX)TIRCAM-II (with MUX)

(Another view …)

(on the launch field …)

TIFR Balloon Facility, Hyderabad

(Another view of the TIFR Balloon Facility)

(High ceiling lab. to house T100; S-band telemetry antenna)

Balloon filling (with Hydrogen gas) in progress …

The launch …..

A few seconds after the launch …