current and future economics of deep storage: public vs...

Current and Future Economics of

Deep Storage: Public vs. Private Cloud

September 2015

Current and Future Economics of Deep Storage: Public vs. Private Cloud 2

Contents

Executive Summary .............................................................................................. 3

Section A – Public vs. Private Cloud ...................................................................... 3

Public Cloud ......................................................................................................... 3

Private Cloud ....................................................................................................... 5

Simplicity of installation and usage....................................................................... 6

Section B – Cost Comparisons BlackPearl vs. Amazon Glacier ................................ 7

Cost Model: Bandwidth and Equipment ............................................................... 7

Cost Model: Data Retrieval and Performance........................................................ 9

Cost Model: 2 Year and 5 Year Comparison ......................................................... 10

Conclusion ......................................................................................................... 11

Appendix A – 5 Year Total Cost of Ownership for Data Growth Environment ....... 13

Copyright ©2015 Spectra Logic Corporation. BlueScale, Spectra, SpectraGuard, Spectra Logic, TeraPack,

TFinity, and TranScale are registered trademarks of Spectra Logic Corporation. ArchiveGrade,

BlackPearl, IntraCloud, and nTier Verde are trademarks of Spectra Logic Corporation. All rights reserved

worldwide. All other trademarks and registered trademarks are the property of their respective

owners. All library features and specifications listed in this white paper are subject to change at any

time without notice.


EX E C U T I V E SU M M A R Y

The pe eptio of the loud p o idi g lo e ost, i eased se i es, a d ulti ate fle i ilit i storage is driving businesses, government agencies, colleges & Universities, and organizations to

carefully examine its viability. For long-term A hi al, Ba kup o Cold Data Storage (such as

Amazon Glacier) pricing of a penny a Gigabyte per month (or less) attract attention, and open

the door for cloud companies to get directly involved in what has traditionally been stored in on

premise data centers. Claims of guaranteed cost savings, additional services, and more reliable

operations in comparison to an in house data center have become commonplace, but the

details behind actual costs and the potential risks of cloud services has been elusive.

This white paper will look at these two models and how they address data storage needs to

examine the true numbers associated with the total cost of ownership (TCO) for both public and

private cloud and it will provide an accurate cost comparison between the two offerings over

the first five years of ownership. We will look at the comparison in two ways, first for

organizations that already have a large amount of data, and would need a large bandwidth pipe

for all their data to reach the cloud in the desired amount of time. Second, for organizations that

have a moderate amount of data with the intent for that data to grow over the coming years.

Fo the pu poses of this pape , a p i ate loud ill e defi ed as a lo al, o -site or a fully

owned and controlled, data center with a few specific characteristics:

Some combination of SSD, disk, and tape for Digital Preservation of valuable data

Some combination of NFS/CIFS and/or HTTP/S3 interface

Data center that is under the control of the organization

Equipment that does not require WAN bandwidth (and/or dedicated lines to

another wholly owned facility under a o ga izatio ’s control)

The interface to Cloud based Storage is Object Based. The defacto protocol is S3 (Simple

Storage Services) which was created by Amazon Corporation and deployed by its AWS division.

Nearly all cloud services (Google, IBM, Microsoft Azure and of course Amazon) have

implemented a version of S3. So for this paper we will assume that S3 is used for both public

and private cloud storage.

SECTI ON A – PUBLI C VS . PRIVATE CLOUD

PU B L I C CL O U D

Let’s take a look at oth se i es a d o side so e of the e efits a d d a a ks that eed to be thought through before making a final decision. First, we will examine public cloud storage


and Software as a Service (SaaS). Public clouds are provided by a variety of well-known vendors

including Microsoft, Rackspace, Symantec, Amazon, and others. Public cloud environments

utilize stacks of servers running virtual environments and are designed to provide the following

benefits to organizations:

CAPEX Savings - Cloud provider is supplying all the hardware, software, support,

security, and high availability for the infrastructure, the organization is only paying to

use the service thus saving a significant amount of money on capital expenditure.

Utility-Based Computing - Users only pay for the services they use, either by

subscription or transaction-based models. As the amount of data you are storing grows,

the cost associated with storing that data grow with it.

Scalability - Users have the ability to access additional compute resources on-demand in

response to increased application loads.

Shared Resources - By consolidating IT resources, multiple users share a common

infrastructure, allowing costs to be more effectively managed.

While the benefits mentioned above are key advantages of a public cloud, organizations still

need to be cautious before moving to a public cloud. The primary concerns around public clouds

today are:

Bandwidth Bottleneck – When you choose to store your data in the cloud you are

limited to the public network your organization subscribes to as your pipe to move data

to a d f o the loud. Whe ou o ga izatio ’s data g o s, so ust ou pipe to the cloud to accommodate the amount of data that you are sending and receiving. This is

often o side ed o e of the la gest hidde osts of loud sto age, a d a e o e extremely costly as your data sets grow.

Data Access – When utilizing Amazon Glacier, you have an average Service Level

Agreement (SLA) to retrieve your data of 4 hours. Some companies may find this

acceptable, but others may need their information more quickly and having an on-site

data center will allow you to have faster access. With a private cloud you can also set

ou o SLA’s storing your data on different storage tiers.

Data Control – The biggest aspect of data control is the security of the data that is

stored in the cloud vs. in your data center. Anytime you choose to store your data in the

cloud you are giving up control of your data and trusting it to an outside source. While

cloud providers make every effort to protect your data, hacking and internal access are


always a concern. The only way to truly guarantee data security is for you to own and

control all access to your data. What happens to your data, the life blood and perhaps

entire value of your organization, if circumstances do not allow you to pay your cloud

bill? Exactly how long until your company valuation goes to zero after the last bill is

paid?

Vendor lock In – Once an organization moves their data and applications to the cloud, it

can become very difficult to break away from that provider, setting up the potential for

extensive costs to migrate your data. Cloud providers charge you a premium to get your

data out of the cloud. If you need to use your data for business operations, or move

your entire data set to another cloud provider, your organization will be charged a

premium to access and transfer this data. This fee doesn’t exist when you own your

own data center.

Reliability –When you put your data into the cloud, you are relying on them maintaining

their equipment and policies around data management and retrieval. You are also

putting your data into the hands of a company you want to be around for as long as you

want to keep your data, which could be forever. The truth is machines fail, companies

go out of business, and policies can change. The only way to truly guarantee infinite

access to your data is if it is managed on-site.

Generally speaking, cloud storage is a viable option for companies who have small to medium

amounts of data, organizations who can function if they do not have immediate access to their

data, or organizations who can function if they lose part of their information being stored in the

cloud. If any of these risks sound less than ideal, then a private cloud should be considered.

PR I V A T E CL O U D

As the name suggests, private clouds are designed to be visible only to the organization that

creates them. They are essentially traditional data centers that an organization creates in house.

Private clouds provide many of the same benefits to the organization as a public cloud, but allow

the organization to maintain ownership of the data and equipment. Benefits include scalability,

metering, and flexible resource allocation without exposing any of the o ga izatio ’s assets to the public Internet. Private clouds also address some of the top concerns that prevent

organizations from moving to the cloud such as expensive bandwidth to the cloud, vendor lock-

in, expensive data retrieval costs, and regulatory compliance in third party infrastructure.

Private cloud service offers a number of advantages that make it a more viable solution.


Higher Performance - The private cloud is deployed inside the firewall on an

organization's intranet or backbone, meaning that transfer rates are dramatically

i eased i o pa iso to usi g the I te et. I additio , the e’s o o of slo data

access times that may happen with using a public cloud service. For a company to

achieve the same performance that can be achieved from a Spectra BlackPearl

connected to a T950 Tape Library, they would be forced to purchase a network package

costing upwards of $150,000 a month.

Greater Security and Control - Due to the fact that the hardware is on-site,

organizations have more control over their data. They maintain complete oversight of

their critical content and who has access to that data

Deeper Compliance – There are a lot of compliance and legal issues to consider when

weighing the benefits of a public or private cloud. Sarbanes Oxley, PCI DSS, and HIPAA

compliant data, when delivered through a public cloud service deployment, has the risk

of being accessed by illegal means. When you consider chain of custody requirements,

such as in video surveillance, the data may not be as detailed or customizable as legally

required. Also, in certain countries, your data is required to reside in that same country

and you have no control of location with a public cloud. These are just some of the

many examples to consider.

Who would use a private cloud? A private cloud service would likely be chosen when

organizations feel the need for greater control of business-critical data and applications or have

a large amount of data. A private cloud service is popular with highly regulated industries such

as financial institutions as they are more comfortable having their data hosted privately and

physically separated from other organizations. Genomics and Supercomputing industries are

data intensive organizations that find private cloud a preferred option. Other industries such as

Media and Entertainment, which generate massive amounts of data, also find private cloud data

centers to be the preferred choice.

S I M PL I C IT Y O F IN S T A L L A T IO N A N D U S A G E

A key feature of public cloud storage is that it offers a simpler approach to connectivity and

storage in general. Amazon pioneered the S3 http based RESTful interface for their Glacier

offering, which has gained widespread acceptance. The simple interface, ability to handle long

timeouts, location independence, and now nearly universal acceptance even with Amazon cloud

competitors, makes it the standard interface to any cloud storage. Most high level software

o pa ies ha e al ead i teg ated so e le el of S3 out i te fa e di e tl i to thei p odu ts allowing end users to directly access cloud storage for archive.


At the same time, tape libraries have traditionally required costly, complicated middleware

software. Tapes need to be written sequentially, metadata has to be managed, and the robotics

of a library have to be controlled. Middleware companies typically charge per slot per year for

this functionality.

Spe t a Logi ’s Bla kPea l Deep Sto age Gateway appliance takes away these complexities from

the end user by incorporating everything required to run a tape library in a simple appliance.

With an S3 input, software designed to interface with the public cloud can normally be

repointed to a BlackPearl Deep Storage Gateway to enable a private cloud with only minor

changes to client code. This solution brings together the simplicity of the public cloud – S3 – and

the economics, security, and benefits of the private cloud.

SECTI ON B – COST COMPARI S ONS

BLACKPE ARL VS . AMAZON GLACIE R

No let’s look at the ost o pa iso o e deepl . Public cloud companies have been

promising cost savings over in house data centers, but the true costs associated with the total

cost of ownership have been much more difficult to uncover. You must look at more than just

the comparison costs of on premise equipment and monthly fees. Bandwidth and operational

costs must be taken into consideration, as well as factoring in potential costs associated with

growth of your initial data.

For this cost comparison we are looking at Spectra Logi ’s Bla kPea l Deep Storage Gateway

paired with a standard Spectra T950 Library for our private cloud option and Amazon Glacier for

our public could option. For all of our comparison work, we assumed no data compression was

possible. If data is compressible it will benefit private as well as public cloud solutions equally.

CO ST MO D EL : BA N D WI D T H A N D EQ U I PM E N T

The key questions when comparing the cost of public to private cloud are how much data needs

to be stored and over what period of time? How do you move that data? And what is the direct

comparison made from all involved costs?

The e a e a fe ost o side atio s to take i to a ou t. Let’s sta t ith a d idth. When

comparing public and private cloud data storage options, a critical, yet frequently overlooked

item is the amount of throughput or bandwidth needed to fulfill a o ga izatio ’s needs. We

chose a baseline of 70 Terabytes (70TB) of non-compressible data a day for this comparison.


Note that 70TB per day is not the fastest rate possible with the T950 platform, but it presents a

good baseline to make comparisons. For this example, 70TB would represent the required data

move in a 24 hour period, due to either a backup window or some other constraint, and

therefore dictates required bandwidth. To accurately compare the Spe t a Bla kPea l’s throughput to common WAN speeds, 70TB a day needs to be converted into Gigabits per

second, the industry standard performance statistic used when discussing WAN. This is done

below:

Spe t a’s Bla kPea l 70TB/da th oughput o e ts directly to 0.65GigaBytes per second

(7GB/s), but a more common WAN speeds is roughly 7Gigibits/s. To support a consistent and

reliable WAN connection for organizations at this speed, an OC-192 line is required. Again for

this comparison we assume the data is uncompressible. Note, many companies do not consider

storage windows and severely underestimate required bandwidth. For instance, while you may

not need to move 70TB/day every day (the temptation being to average it out over an entire

month), even if incremental backups are relatively small, full backups normally have to happen

in the same window between snapshots with buffers added for any network anomalies. True

peak bandwidth requirements are frequently much higher than initial estimates.

The cost of leasing a connection to the internet to move this

amount of data is estimated at $150,000 and $250,000 per month.

We got this number by requesting competitive quotes to run a

connection f o Spe t a’s o po ate head ua te . Note that

Spe t a’s lo atio i Boulde is adja e t to ail oad li e he e optical fibre runs. Fo a gu e t’s sake, e a e hoosi g the lo e end of the range, or a cost of $150,000 price per month. This does

not include the cost of the LAN to WAN connectivity equipment.

The Spectra BlackPearl Deep Storage Gateway provides S3

connectivity through 10 and/or 40 Gigabit Ethernet ports. For high

capacity storage, the BlackPearl appliance is connected to a T950

Tape Library with 6 LTO-6 tape drives (see table A below for a breakout of costs). The

approximate price of the BlackPearl and T950 which includes equipment and media purchase,

installation, and configuration from Spectra is $278,371. This includes all support, media,

additional scale out and additional hardware (highlighted yellow cells are additional frame

purchases) needed in future years.

To achieve the same

performance as the

Spectra BlackPearl,

an OC-192 line, costing

a business $150,000

per month is required.


If you just look at the cost of equipment and bandwidth, the Spectra system would pay for itself

in two months—before cloud storage or retrieval costs. What also needs to be considered is

exponential data growth. If your organization expects the amount of data to be stored to grow

over time, then your bandwidth costs continue to increase exponentially as well.

CO ST MO D EL : DA T A RET R I E V A L A N D

PE R F O R M A N C E

When considering cloud storage, bandwidth cost is considerable, but the cost to actually store

and retrieve data is also a significant cost. The ability to store data at a penny per gigabyte

sounds like an inexpensive storage model, but organizations have to pay a premium to access

their data. Amazon charges its customers 10 times the storage cost per gigabyte to retrieve

data, meaning if an organization ever has to restore data being stored in the cloud, a large

retrieval bill will follow. For the complete cost comparison we are looking at data in this way.

Original amount of data = 150TB

Growth per month = 30TB

Retrieval / Get amount = 10% per month

Part# Qty Price Extended

T950 Tape Library 1 $86,150.00



BlackPearl Deep Storage Gateway 1 $38,000.00

Support 1 $7,500.00

SHIPINS 1 $1,119.94

SD Card 4 $4.00

Media - Access Slots 5 $875.00

Media 7 $3,500.00

LTO-6 Tape Drives 6 $113,700.00

Install / Professional Services 1 $10,500.00

Install / Professional Services 1 $6,000.00

Cables 12 $1,622.00

Total $278,370.94


The cost of retrieval is significant, but access time should also be considered. Cloud storage

services have a range of performance of 3 seconds (for Google) to 4 hours (the amount of time it

takes to esto e i fo atio fo A azo ’s Gla ie s ste . The T950 robotic tape library will

require approximately 2 minutes to access a file on tape.

The last piece of the cost puzzle we are considering is the labor costs to run your data center vs.

the cost of a cloud based operations (Salary found on Glassdoor.com).

CO ST MO D EL : 2 YE A R A N D 5 YEA R CO M P A R I SO N

*Full TCO Model can be found in Appendix A

*Full TCO Model can be found in Appendix A

Total Capacity in TB (Through Month 25) 900 TB Total Capacity in TB (Through Month 25) 900 TB

Hardware Cost 248,876.00$ Data Storage Fees 136,500.00$

Up-Front Media Costs 4,375.00$ Labor Costs 89,583.33$

Install / Professional Services 16,500.00$ Bandwidth Costs 105,000.00$

Shipping 1,119.94$ Retrieval Fees 135,000.00$

Support 7,500.00$

Labor Costs 89,583.33$

Rent for Data Center 36,000.00$

Additional Media and Hardware 58,312.00$

25 Month Total for Spectra Solution 462,266.27$ 25 Month Total For Amazon Glacier 466,083.33$

Private Cloud using Spectra Equipment Amazon Glacier

Total Capacity in TB (Through Month 69) 2220 TB Total Capacity in TB (Through Month 69) 2220 TB

Hardware Cost 248,876.00$ Data Storage Fees 829,500.00$

Up-Front Media Costs 4,375.00$ Labor Costs 247,250.00$

Install / Professional Services 16,500.00$ Bandwidth Costs 281,000.00$

Shipping 1,119.94$ Retrieval Fees 828,000.00$

Support 7,500.00$

Labor Costs 247,250.00$

Rent for Data Center 99,360.00$

Additional Media, Hardware, and Renewals 154,817.58$

69 Month Total for Spectra Solution 779,798.52$ 69 Month Total For Amazon Glacier 2,185,750.00$

Private Cloud using Spectra Equipment Amazon Glacier

Comparison after 5 Years


After examining the cost model for this very moderate data usage, it is clear that after only 2

years and one month (25 months) it is more cost effective to create your own data center. The

costs of creating your own data center are frontloaded, but if you plan on keeping your data for

more than two years it is clear that you save money after two years. When comparing over a 5

year span, it is clear that a private cloud is more cost effective.

To be clear, cloud storage has its place: small amounts of data, data that is intended to be stored but never

retrieved, and data that needs easy and instant worldwide sharing are perfect applications for public cloud.

For data sets over 50TB, that require real digital preservation, known tracking and ownership, and

accessibility – even if only needed once, are almost always better served by a private cloud. An honest total

cost of ownership analysis, as you have seen, shows the significant cost savings of this approach.

CO ST MO D EL GR A P H

CO N C L U S IO N

After carefully evaluating the two different models that address data storage needs, it is clearly

beneficial to construct your own private cloud vs. storing your data in a public cloud

e i o e t. Fo Cold sto age, lo g-term archival, and backup applications, organizations

who value their data will not only save money when constructing a private cloud, but also gain

superior performance.

303-449-6400 • 800-833-1132 • (Fax) 303-939-8844 • 6285 Lookout Road • Boulder, CO 80301 USA • spectralogic.com

Deep Storage Experts

Spectra Logic develops deep storage solutions

that solve the problem of long term storage for

business and technology professionals dealing

with exponential data growth.

Dedicated solely to storage innovation for more

than 35 years, Spe t a Logi ’s u o p o isi g product and customer focus is proven by the

largest information users in multiple vertical

markets globally.

Spectra enables affordable, multi‐decade data

storage and access by creating new methods of

managing information in all forms of deep

storage—including archive, backup, cold storage,

cloud, and private cloud.

For more information, please visit

http://www.spectralogic.com.

http://www.spectralogic.com/


A P P E N D I X A – 5 Y E A R T O T A L C O S T O F O W N E R S H I P F O R D A T A G R O W T H E N V I R O N M E N T

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Day 1 150 150 278,375.00$ -$ -$ 278,375.00$ 1,500.00$ -$ 5,000.00$ 6,500.00$

1 MO 30 180 2,494.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 285,892.83$ 1,800.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 1,800.00$ 17,683.33$

2 MO 30 210 2,481.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 293,397.17$ 2,100.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 2,100.00$ 29,466.67$

3 MO 30 240 2,467.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 300,888.00$ 2,400.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 2,400.00$ 41,850.00$

4 MO 30 270 2,454.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 308,365.33$ 2,700.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 2,700.00$ 54,833.33$

5 MO 30 300 2,440.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 315,829.17$ 3,000.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 3,000.00$ 68,416.67$

6 MO 30 330 2,427.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 323,279.50$ 3,300.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 3,300.00$ 82,600.00$

7 MO 30 360 2,413.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 330,716.33$ 3,600.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 3,600.00$ 97,383.33$

8 MO 30 390 2,400.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 338,139.67$ 3,900.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 3,900.00$ 112,766.67$ Indicates breakeven date

9 MO 30 420 2,386.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 345,549.50$ 4,200.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 4,200.00$ 128,750.00$

10 MO 30 450 2,373.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 352,945.83$ 4,500.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 4,500.00$ 145,333.33$

11 MO 30 480 2,359.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 360,328.67$ 4,800.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 4,800.00$ 162,516.67$ Amount of data on Day 1 of analysis

12 MO 30 510 2,346.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 367,698.00$ 5,100.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 5,100.00$ 180,300.00$

13 MO 30 540 2,332.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 375,053.83$ 5,400.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 5,400.00$ 198,683.33$

14 MO 30 570 2,319.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 382,396.17$ 5,700.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 5,700.00$ 217,666.67$

15 MO 30 600 2,305.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 389,725.00$ 6,000.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 6,000.00$ 237,250.00$

16 MO 30 630 2,292.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 397,040.33$ 6,300.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 6,300.00$ 257,433.33$

17 MO 30 660 2,278.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 404,342.17$ 6,600.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 6,600.00$ 278,216.67$

18 MO 30 690 2,265.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 411,630.50$ 6,900.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 6,900.00$ 299,600.00$

19 MO 30 720 2,251.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 418,905.33$ 7,200.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 7,200.00$ 321,583.33$

20 MO 30 750 2,238.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 426,166.67$ 7,500.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 7,500.00$ 344,166.67$

21 MO 30 780 2,224.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 433,414.50$ 7,800.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 7,800.00$ 367,350.00$

22 MO 30 810 2,211.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 440,648.83$ 8,100.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 8,100.00$ 391,133.33$

23 MO 30 840 2,197.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 447,869.67$ 8,400.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 8,400.00$ 415,516.67$

24 MO 30 870 2,184.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 455,077.00$ 8,700.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 8,700.00$ 440,500.00$

25 MO 30 900 2,170.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 462,270.83$ 9,000.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 9,000.00$ 466,083.33$

26 MO 30 930 2,157.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 469,451.17$ 9,300.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 9,300.00$ 492,266.67$

27 MO 30 960 2,143.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 476,618.00$ 9,600.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 9,600.00$ 519,050.00$

28 MO 30 990 2,130.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 483,771.33$ 9,900.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 9,900.00$ 546,433.33$

29 MO 30 1020 2,116.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 490,911.17$ 10,200.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 10,200.00$ 574,416.67$

30 MO 30 1050 2,103.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 498,037.50$ 10,500.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 10,500.00$ 603,000.00$

31 MO 30 1080 2,089.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 505,150.33$ 10,800.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 10,800.00$ 632,183.33$

32 MO 30 1110 2,076.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 512,249.67$ 11,100.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 11,100.00$ 661,966.67$

33 MO 30 1140 2,062.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 519,335.50$ 11,400.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 11,400.00$ 692,350.00$

34 MO 30 1170 2,049.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 526,407.83$ 11,700.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 11,700.00$ 723,333.33$

Indicates additonal frame purchase

for capacity


A P P E N D I X A – 5 Y E A R T O T A L C O S T O F O W N E R S H I P F O R D A T A G R O W T H E N V I R O N M E N T

C O N T I N U E D

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35 MO 30 1200 2,035.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 533,466.67$ 12,000.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 12,000.00$ 754,916.67$

36 MO 30 1230 2,022.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 540,512.00$ 12,300.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 12,300.00$ 787,100.00$

37 MO 30 1260 2,008.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 547,543.83$ 12,600.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 12,600.00$ 819,883.33$

38 MO 30 1290 1,995.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 554,562.17$ 12,900.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 12,900.00$ 853,266.67$

39 MO 30 1320 1,981.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 561,567.00$ 13,200.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 13,200.00$ 887,250.00$

40 MO 30 1350 1,968.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 568,558.33$ 13,500.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 13,500.00$ 921,833.33$

41 MO 30 1380 1,954.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 575,536.17$ 13,800.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 13,800.00$ 957,016.67$

42 MO 30 1410 1,941.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 582,500.50$ 14,100.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 14,100.00$ 992,800.00$

43 MO 30 1440 1,927.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 589,451.33$ 14,400.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 14,400.00$ 1,029,183.33$

44 MO 30 1470 1,914.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 596,388.67$ 14,700.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 14,700.00$ 1,066,166.67$ Indicates breakeven date

45 MO 30 1500 1,900.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 603,312.50$ 15,000.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 15,000.00$ 1,103,750.00$

46 MO 30 1530 1,887.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 610,222.83$ 15,300.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 15,300.00$ 1,141,933.33$

47 MO 30 1560 1,873.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 617,119.67$ 15,600.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 15,600.00$ 1,180,716.67$ Amount of data on Day 1 of analysis

48 MO 30 1590 1,887.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 624,030.00$ 15,900.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 15,900.00$ 1,220,100.00$

49 MO 30 1620 1,900.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 630,953.83$ 16,200.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 16,200.00$ 1,260,083.33$

50 MO 30 1650 1,914.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 637,891.17$ 16,500.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 16,500.00$ 1,300,666.67$

51 MO 30 1680 1,927.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 644,842.00$ 16,800.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 16,800.00$ 1,341,850.00$

52 MO 30 1710 9,478.08$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 659,343.41$ 17,100.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 17,100.00$ 1,383,633.33$

53 MO 30 1740 1,954.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 666,321.25$ 17,400.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 17,400.00$ 1,426,016.67$

54 MO 30 1770 1,968.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 673,312.58$ 17,700.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 17,700.00$ 1,469,000.00$

55 MO 30 1800 1,981.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 680,317.41$ 18,000.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 18,000.00$ 1,512,583.33$

56 MO 30 1830 1,995.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 687,335.75$ 18,300.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 18,300.00$ 1,556,766.67$

57 MO 30 1860 2,008.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 694,367.58$ 18,600.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 18,600.00$ 1,601,550.00$

58 MO 30 1890 2,022.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 701,412.91$ 18,900.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 18,900.00$ 1,646,933.33$

59 MO 30 1920 2,035.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 708,471.75$ 19,200.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 19,200.00$ 1,692,916.67$

60 MO 30 1950 2,049.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 715,544.08$ 19,500.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 19,500.00$ 1,739,500.00$

61 MO 30 1980 2,062.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 722,629.91$ 19,800.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 19,800.00$ 1,786,683.33$

62 MO 30 2010 2,076.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 729,729.25$ 20,100.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 20,100.00$ 1,834,466.67$

63 MO 30 2040 2,089.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 736,842.08$ 20,400.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 20,400.00$ 1,882,850.00$

64 MO 30 2070 2,103.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 743,968.41$ 20,700.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 20,700.00$ 1,931,833.33$

65 MO 30 2100 2,116.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 751,108.25$ 21,000.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 21,000.00$ 1,981,416.67$

66 MO 30 2130 2,130.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 758,261.58$ 21,300.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 21,300.00$ 2,031,600.00$

67 MO 30 2160 2,143.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 765,428.41$ 21,600.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 21,600.00$ 2,082,383.33$

68 MO 30 2190 2,157.00$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 772,608.75$ 21,900.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 21,900.00$ 2,133,766.67$

69 MO 30 2220 2,170.50$ 3,583.33$ 1,440.00$ 779,802.58$ 22,200.00$ 3,583.33$ 4,000.00$ 22,200.00$ 2,185,750.00$

Indicates additonal frame purchase

for capacity

current and future economics of deep storage: public vs...

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