current farming practices-probistip 2010
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EU Support to Partnership Actions
EU Environmental Policies and Strategies in South Eastern Europe: Capacity Building for the Implementation of EUEnvironmental Policies and Strategies in F.Y.R. of Macedonia, Montenegro and Serbia
Workshop
Building Capacity ± Supporting the Development and Implementation of
Agri-environment schemes
Current Farming practices in Macedonia ² are
they sustainable and why?
Prof. Dr. Suzana Kratovalieva
e-mail: [email protected]
Workshop "Building Capacity"25-26 Nov 2010 Probistip
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BackgroundBackground
� Agriculture is a traditional branch
of the Macedonian economy,because of its favorable climatic
conditions, rich natural resources,
and established production
experience.
� Out of the total land area of
Macedonia of 25,713 km2,agricultural land in the Republic of
Macedonia comprises around
50%, or 1.26 million hectares.
� Out of this, 560,000 hectares
(44%) are cultivated and 704,000
hectares are considered pastures.� As a key sector of the
Macedonian economy, agriculture
production contributes around 12%
to the national GDP (2008).
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Some facts, info¶s«Some facts, info¶s«
According to the MAFWE Farm Registry,
there are 80,000 households dealing with
agriculture� as the average farms are small
� production remains fragmented and
oftentimes inconsistent
� limiting their competitiveness and
profitability.
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� More than 80% of the land belongs to private
farms
� there are approximately 192,000 individualfarms on roughly 320,000 hectares
� An average farm size of 2.5 hectares
� The farm size is even smaller (ranging from 0.2 -1.0 hectares1) in the vegetable sector
� Regarding the significance of the different
agricultural sub-sectors, the contribution of the
livestock sector and crop production to the Agricultural Gross Production is around 21% and
79%, respectively
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Animal farming
� Animal production is an important segment of
Macedonian agriculture.
� Historically, livestock breeding has been carriedout on private farms (with the exception of pigs
and poultry) for a very long time
� In the last ten years, livestock production has
witnessed a downward trend, with livestockquantity decreasing
� However, milk production has increased
significantly since 2000Workshop "Building Capacity"
25-26 Nov 2010 Probistip
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Animal farming
Broiler Production
� Specialized broiler production is a relatively new
development, but is steadily increasing despite the large
imports of frozen broiler meat� Broiler production is organized on big farms of the
industrial type
� >30 smaller private farms organize broiler production
based upon on a cooperative principle, which providesonly 38% of the annual poultry meat demands in
Macedonia.
Workshop "Building Capacity"25-26 Nov 2010 Probistip
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Animal farming
Sheep Production
� T
he sheep breeding sub-sector has a long tradition,which has been supported by favorable natural
conditions (50% of the agricultural area consists of
pastures)
� The number of sheep, since an official animal registry
and tagging system does existed stands atapproximately 1.3 million sheep
Workshop "Building Capacity"25-26 Nov 2010 Probistip
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AgricultureAgriculture
Fruit farmingFruit farming
� Most of the traditional fruit production is located
in the C and SW parts of Macedonia
� Soft fruit production, such as with strawberries,are a relatively recent development in
Macedonia
� Due to their high value and high demand on
local markets, they may be a valuable alternativefor smaller Macedonian farmers.
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Workshop "Building Capacity"25-26 Nov 2010 Probistip
AgricultureAgriculture
Vegetable farmingVegetable farming
�Macedonia is a unique country where the land cultivated for
vegetables makes up about 50,000 hectares (10% of the total
arable land).
� Almost all of the vegetable production comes from individualfarms (97% of volume from 102,000 farms), while the remainder
is covered by company production (3% from 50 entities).
�From Y2000 onwards, vegetable production has been
continuously increasing, with the leading fresh crops being
peppers, tomatoes, melons, cabbage and cucumbers.
�The greenhouse cultivation of vegetables is considered a
profitable activity.
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Are they sustainable?
Sustainable farming practices, such as zero
tillage or integrated pest control, can
reduce the need for agricultural inputs like
chemicals or water, improve carbon
sequestration and help prevent land
degradation.
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Walking beyond the way , but towards
EU, there was appeared need of CAPreforms«
«and start with supports«
Subsidies per unit of product
Subsidies for the purchase of protectiveequipment, fertilizers, machinery«
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But, also of«But, also of«
Negative consequences
There was a poisoning and
allergies Genetically modified
organisms
The world depends on a few
crops
Pollution of soil and water
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Thereby«
Reform of the Common Agricultural Policy in 2003
Establishment of standards for quality and food safety
Nitrate directive - Good Agricultural Practice
Payments per unit area
Because « New Member States by 2016 should be 100% funded
by the EC Only those agricultural entities will abide by established
standards of the Common Agricultural Policy will be
able to take advantage of the support.
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What are Good Agricultural Practices (GAP)?
Good agricultural practice is accepted as an expression of good will of
all Member States. Refers to agricultural development by giving priority
to the protection of the environment and human health at national,
regional and global level.
Good Agricultural Practices are "practices that address environmental,
economic and social sustainability for on-farm processes, and result in
safe and quality food and non-food agricultural products" (FAO CO AG
2003 GAP paper).
GAP practices:
� ensuring safety and quality of produce in the food chain
� capturing new market advantages by modifying supply chain governance
� improving natural resources use, workers health and working conditions, and/or
� creating new market opportunities for farmers and exporters in developing countries.
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2007-1st version is made (inapplicable, too
large and complicated)
Recommendations:
-To develop a legal framework (Regulation on GAP)
-To prepare a manual of GAP
-To make thematic brochures on GAP (for farmers)
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( 25.08.2010)
IPARD , , ±
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GAP means«GAP means«
GAP may serve as a reference tool for deciding, at each
step in the production process, on practices and/or
outcomes that are environmentally sustainable and
socially acceptable. The implementation of GAP should
therefore contribute to Sustainable Agriculture and Rural
Development (SARD)
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Potential benefits of GAPPotential benefits of GAP
� Appropriate adoption and monitoring of GAP helps improve thesafety and quality of food and other agricultural products.
� It may help reduce the risk of non-compliance with national and
international regulations, standards and guidelines (in particular of
the Codex Alimentarius Commission , World Organisation for Animal
Health (OIE) and the International Plant Protection Convention IPPCregarding permitted pesticides, maximum levels of contaminants
(including pesticides, veterinary drugs, radionuclide and mycotoxins)
in food and non-food agricultural products, as well as other
chemical, microbiological and physical contamination hazards.
� Adoption of GAP helps promotes sustainable agriculture andcontributes to meeting national and international environment and
social development objectives.
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Challenges related to GAPChallenges related to GAP
� In some cases GAP implementation and especially record keeping and certification
will increase production costs. In this respect, lack of harmonization between existing
GAP-related schemes and availability of affordable certification systems has often led
to increased confusion and certification costs for farmers and exporters.
� Standards of GAP can be used to serve competing interests of specific stakeholders
in agri-food supply chains by modifying supplier-buyer relations.� There is a high risk that small scale farmers will not be able to seize export market
opportunities unless they are adequately informed, technically prepared and
organised to meet this new challenge with governments and public agencies playing
a facilitating role.
� Compliance with GAP standards does not always foster all the environmental and
social benefits which are claimed.
� Awareness raising is needed of 'win-win' practices which lead to improvements in
terms of yield and production efficiencies as well as environment and health and
safety of workers. One such approach is Integrated Production and Pest
Management (IPPM).
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