current situation and future plan of infra development in...

Current Situation and

Future Plan of Infra Development

in Myanmar

13 June 2016

Mr. Kyi Zaw Myint

Director

Expressway Unit

Department of Highway

2 History of DOH Myanmar

3 Road Classification in Myanmar

5 Long Term Arterial Road Network Development Plan For Myanmar

7 How to Finance Myanmar's Transport Infrastructure by ADB

8 SWOT Analysis of Myanmar Transport Sector by ADB

1 Myanmar Profile

4 Issue in Arterial Road Network Development in Myanmar

6 Finding Strategies

National data

Population - 54.6 millions

Land Area - 676,578 sq km

Coastal Line - 2800 km

Road Length - 162985 km (2015)

No of Registered - 5320608 (2015 Sept)

Vehicle

Neighbouring - China, Laos,Thailand,

Countries India ,Bangladesh,

6

Myanmar National Data

Official Language

Climate

Economy

•7 States & 7 Regions

•138 National Races

Composition

•Naypyitaw (Government)

•Yangon (Economic)

•Mandalay (Culture)

Capital City

•Myanmar

•Seasons ( Summer, Rainy, Winter)

•Temperature (Mean max: 31˚C)

•Humidity (Mean ~ 70 %)

•Avg. Annual rainfall (~ 1800 mm)

•Currency – Kyat ( 1 US $ ~ 1179 kyat ) on 6JUNE2016

•Per capita GDP – 700 US $ (December 2015)

Department

of Building

Department

of Bridge

Department of

Highways

Department

of

Urban and

Housing

DevelopmentDirector General Director General Director General

Director General

Minister’s Office

Union Minister

Permanent Secretary

Colonial Era (to 1948)

Parliament Democracy Era (1948 to 1962)

Myanmar Socialist Era (1962 to 1988)

State Peace and Development Council

(1988 to 2010)

Current (2010 to Now)

Colonial Era (to 1948)

PWD was established at 1861 after Second Anglo-Burmese war.

Engineers of PWD were assigned India Services of Engineer(ISE).

Responsibility for the Construction and Maintenance of

• Roads and Bridges

• Canals, Irrigation, River Training

• Harbours and marine-time facilities, eg: lighthouses

• Hospital and School Building

• Building of offices and Official residences

• Not including Railway Construction

At 1937, after separation from India, PWD Engineers became Burma services of

Engineers(BSE).

BSE ceased to exist after independence in January 1948.

Parliamentary Government Era (1948-1962)

Responsibility of PWD are Construction and Maintenance of

• Roads and Bridges

• Canals, Irrigation, River Training

• Harbours and marine-time facilities, eg: lighthouses

• Hospital and School Building

• Building of offices and Official residences

• Not including Railway Construction

The organization of PWD was nearly same with colonial Era PWD.

Myanmar Socialist Government Era (1962 to 1988)

In 1964, Government established Public Works Corporation with all Engineers

from all Government Departments.

PWD was the only department for National Infrastructure Development

Military Government Era (1988-2010)

In 1988, Democracy revolution was appeared and the Myanmar military attained

the Country and ruled by State Peace and Development Council (SPDC).

Changed the name of Ministry to Ministry of Construction

PWD is under the Ministry of Construction

The responsibility of PWD are Construction and Maintenance of Road and

Bridges.

For irrigation is under the Ministry of Agriculture.

For canal and river training are under the Ministry of Transportation.

All of the Ministries have owned Engineering Department.

Democratic Government (2010 to Now)

PWD is under the Ministry of Construction.

The main responsibility of PWD is Construction and Maintenance of Road and

Bridges and the development of National Infrastructure especially roads

Transport Sector.

At 2015, PWD was divided into three Departments as

• Department of Highways (DOH)

• Department of Bridges (DOB)

• Department of Building

Now Ministry of Construction plan to combine the DOH and DOB into one

Department.

Now DOH is planning to reform SOE by corporatization.

Organizations Concrete road

Bituminous + AC road

Metal road

Gravelroad

Earth road

Mule road

Total (km)

1 Ministry of Construction 934.421 20426.709 4625.359 5546.808 7874.62 720.58 40128.504

2 Ministry of Livestock, Fisheries and Rural

Development 348.02 4778.14 18680.46 4976.69 59344.56 - 88127.87

3 Ministry of Border Areas

607.53 4405.58 2693.84 684.57 6582.01 - 14973.53

4 Yangon City Development

Committee - 1604.31 1452.63 1582.79 - - 4639.73

5 Mandalay C D C 19.01 754.68 146.90 - 314.27 - 1234.86

6 Naypyitaw C D C 407.77 160.93 41.84 1035.81 177.03 - 1823.38

7 Directorate of Military Engineers

393.48 703.08 1204.19 170.59 8482.15 - 10953.49

8 Ministry of Electrical Power

86.70 88.51 542.15 96.36 290.28 - 1104.00

Grand Total (km) 2796.93 32921.94 29387.37 14093.62 83064.92 720.58 162-985.36

(As of January, 2015)

SrNo.

Budget YearConcrete

(km)

Bituminous

(km)

Metal

(km)

Gravel

(km)

Earth

(km)

Total

(km)

1 March. 2011 638 16623 5635 5561 9326 37785

2 March. 2012 661 17185 5740 5642 9855 39083

3 March. 2013 695 18286 5255 5793 9673 39702

4 March. 2014 934 20427 4625 5547 8596 40129

5 March 2015 1217 22990 4314 4963 7090 40574

45.6% 45.7%47.8%

53.2%

59.7%

Paved Ratio : 22 %

2%

20%

18%

9%

51%

0%

Total road length 162985 (March, 2015)

Concrete - 2796.8 km

Bituminous - 32922.1 km

Metalled - 29387.2 km

Gravel - 14093.6 km

Earth - 83064.8 km

Mule - 720.6 km

1. Planning Process

2. Development Planning Strategy

3. Transport Infrastructure Development

4. How to Develop Arterial Road Networks

1

2

3

4

1. Planning Issues

○ Not Extrapolation of Current Trends → Policies for the future

Planning Process

Goals / Objectives / Targets

Current Situations

Improvement Methods

Future Situations

Improvement Strategies

forecasting

by Policies

- how much ?

- how many ?

- how strong ?

Government’s Policies on Economic Development

are in the National Comprehensive Development Plan

Transport Infrastructure is a basis for Economic Development

Goals / Objectives ⇒ O.K.

Related Strategies ⇒ O.K.

How to make it implemented ?

Targets

⇒ Socio-Economic Indicators

Strategies

Implementation

Transport

Infrastructure

2. Development Planning Strategy

Transport Planning & Spatial Development Plans are closely related

⇒ Spatial development plans should be supported

by transport infrastructure

3. Transport Infrastructure Development

4. How to Develop Arterial Road Networks ?

Master Plan

- Long-term

- Comprehensive

- Priority

Financing Strategy

- Gov. Fund

- Loan

- Private Investment

Capacity Building within Legal Frameworks

Thinking the Future Acting by Phased Plans

⇒ Long-term Master Plan

Background and Objectives

Socio-Economic Indicators

Transport Demand Forecast

Arterial Road Network Development Planning

Phased Development Planning

1

2

3

4

5

1.1 Background

Myanmar has abundant natural resources and great potentials.

However, - Lack of road infrastructure

- Higher transport costs

It is necessary to establish a comprehensive & long-term plan for

arterial road network development for socio-economic development

1.2 Objectives

to set up an optimum transport system in order to stimulate

regional socio-economic activities in Myanmar

to prepare medium- and long-term plans for arterial road network

development 1) for accelerating economic growth and 2) for supporting

efficient and systematic development of arterial road networks

▪ Scenario 1 : extrapolating the growth rate during1983~2014

▪ Scenario 2 : reflecting life expectancy increase and birth rate decrease

▪ Scenario 3 : considering lower birth rates by national strategies

A. Scenario Setup for Growth Rate of Total Population

2.1 Population

B. Estimated Population by Scenario

Year Scenario 1 Scenario 2 Scenario 3

2014 51.42 51.42 51.42

2020 55.30 55.23 54.91

2025 58.76 58.48 57.71

2030 62.43 61.77 60.35

2035 66.33 65.08 62.81

2040 70.48 68.40 65.03

(Unit : Million)

☞ Increase : 17million persons up to 2040

C. Future Population

Total Population

- 2014 : 51,419 ,000

- 2040 : 68,404,000

( 16,985 ,000 )

Region & State Growth

Yangon 5,268

Mandalay 2,526

Shan 1,527

Bago 1,144

Rakhine 1,101

Sagaing 891

Naypyitaw 791

Tanintharyi 785

Ayeyarwady 783

Mon 647

Magway 548

Kachin 443

Kayin 346

Chin 105

Kayah 80

Total 16,985

(Unit : 1,000 people)

Yangon

Mandalay

Shan

Bago

Rakhine

Sagaing

Ayeyarwady

5.5 m

4.9 m

2.2 Growth Domestic Products (GDP)

Most of Asian countries have recorded over 7.0% growth rates

in GDP during 20 years’ economic growth period (except for Japan)

Year Japan Korea Thailand Malaysia Indonesia China Viet Nam

1970 209 9 7 4 10 91 3

1975 261 14 10 6 14 121 3

1980 324 21 14 9 21 166 4

1985 399 33 19 12 28 277 6

1990 509 53 30 16 39 404 7

1995 546 78 45 26 57 721 10

2000 569 100 47 33 59 1,090 14

2005 604 125 61 41 74 1,737 21

2010 614 151 73 51 98 2,954 29

2012 623 160 78 57 111 3,478 33

GrowthRate

’70~’90 4.5% 9.4% 7.3% 7.7% 7.1% 7.7% 4.6%

’90~’12 0.9% 5.1% 4.4% 5.8% 4.9% 10.3% 7.3%

’70~’12 2.6% 7.1% 5.8% 6.7% 5.9% 9.1% 6.0%

(Unit : US$ Billion)

Source : http://data.un.org

A. GDP Trends in Other Countries (Constant Prices in 1970)

B. Economic Growth Scenario

▪ To reflect the targeted economic growth rates of NCDP & NTDP

▪ To consider GDP growth trends of other countries : 7.7% ~ 7.1%

Classification NCDP-MNPED1) NTDP – JICA2) Modified Growth Rate

High Growth 8.4% 7.7% 8.0%

Moderate Growth 7.2% 7.2% 7.2%

Low Growth 5.67% 6.0% 6.2%

Source 1 : The 2nd Myanmar Development Cooperation Forum, January 2014, MNPED

Source 2 : The survey program for the National Transport Development Plan(final Draft),

June 2014, JICA

▪ Targeted Economic Growth Rates : 7.2% per year

< Comparison with Other National Plans >

3.1 Transport Analysis Zone

Myanmar Arterial

Road Master Plan

- Internal Zone :

333 zones by Township

- External Zone :

with considering

international road networks

- Internal Zone :

71 zones by District

- External Zone :

with considering

international road networks

Myanmar

National Transport

Master Plan

Zoning

4 Step

Modelling1) Trip Generation

2) Trip Distribution

3) Modal Choice

4) Traffic Assignment

3.2 Results of Traffic Assignment

ClassificationAssigned Volume

(veh/day)

0~2,000

~7,000

~17,000

~45,000

45,001~

Legend

□ 2020 □ 2025

□ 2030 □ 2035

ClassificationAssigned Volume

(veh/day)

0~2,000

~7,000

~17,000

~45,000

45,001~

Legend

Transport Demand :

☞ 5.39 times (people) up to 2035

☞ 5.65 times (freight) up to 2035

Needs to :

☞ Supply more Expressways

☞ increase Quality of

Union Highways, Regional/State Roads

Center to Center

Connection

Multimodal Transport

Connectivity

International Linkage

Hierarchical Road

Network Development

Topographical

Consideration

Current Proposal

Road Class Length

Expressway 9,470㎞

Main Arterial 13,224㎞

Sub Arterial 11,684㎞

Total 34,378㎞

Expressway Arterial RoadDevelopment by Phased

Phase 1-1 (2016-2020) Phase 1-2 (2021-2025)

Road Class2016~2020

Length Cost

Expressway 558 2,886

Main Arterial 2,794 5,784

Sub Arterial 347 525

Total 3,699 9,195

Road Class2021~2025

Length Cost

Expressway1,165

(364)

5,722

(871)


Sub Arterial 694 1,091

Total 3,921 10,268

Phase 2 (2026-2035) After 2035

Road ClassAfter 2035

Length Cost

Expressway3,879

(597)

18,424

(1,172)


Sub Arterial 2,429 4,824

Total 15,337 41,530

Road Class2026~2035

Length Cost

Expressway2,156

(233)

9,816

(301)


Sub Arterial 1,388 3,208

Total 7,717 22,067

Planning Summary

(unit : km, US$ mm)

Note : ( ) stands for the cost and the length for improvement of the existing expressway

Road ClassTotal 20yrs(2016~2035) P1 (2016~2020) P2 (2021~2025) P3 (2026~2035)

Length Cost Length Cost Length Cost Length Cost Length Cost

Expressway9,470

(597)

50,941

(1,172)

3,879

(597)

18,424

(1,172)558 2,886

1,165

(364)

5,722

(871)

2,156

(233)

9,816

(301)

Main Arterial 13,224 27,617 9,029 18,282 2,794 5,784 2,062 3,455 4,173 9,043

Sub Arterial 11,684 25,461 2,429 4,824 347 525 694 1,091 1,388 3,208

Sum 34,378 104,019 15,337 41,530 3,699 9,195 3,921 10,268 7,717 22,067

Proper Investment based on GDP: 41,106 8,349 9,331 23,427

▪ Arterial Road Networks are developed (for the next 20 years) :

- Expressway 3,879 km (41.0% of 9,470 km)

- Main Arterial 9,029 km (68.3% of 13,224 km) ~ Union Highways

- Sub Arterial 2,429 km (20.8% of 11,684 km) ~ Region/State Roads

- Sum 15,337 km [ 44.6% of the Sum 34,378km ]

US$ 41,530 million ⇨ could be evaluated as ‘positive development’ ☞ Positive development: Transport infrastructure is leading economic development

Project Costs

Funding Sources for Road Sector

Suggestions

1

2

3

1. Project Costs for the next 20 years

1,850

2,050

(2016~2020) (2021~2025) (2026~2035)

(US$ million)

US$ 9,195 mm

US$ 10,268 mm

US$ 22,067 mm

Expressway : US$ 18,424 million

Arterial Roads : US$ 23,106 million

Total : US$ 41,530 million

: 3,879 km

: 11,458 km

: 15,337 km

☞ ‘US$ 41.5 bn’ will need for the arterial road network development

for the next 20 years.

Internal

Fund

(tax,···)

External

Fund

General Account

Special Account

Overseas

Assistance

Loan

Private

Capital

Special Account : Transport Infrastructure Special Account

ODA(EDCF)

Grant(ODA)

Commercial Bank

PPP (Public-Private

Partnership)

*

*

☞ A Special Account (internal fund) is strongly recommended

to secure a stable funding source

for transport infrastructure development.

2. Funding Sources for Road Sector

MDB

Funding

Sources

for

Road Sector

Description Amount ratio

Project Costs 41,530 100.0%

Internal fund 13,840 33.3%

External

fund

Loan/Grant 13,845 33.3%

Private 13,845 33.3%

(unit : US$ million)

Internal Fund

(33.3%)

Loan(33.3%)

Private(33.3%)

3. Suggestions

5×7 = 13535 km

No NameLength

(Km)Remark

1

Express Way 10

Pathein - Kan Kone - Pan Ta Naw - Sar Ma Lout - Yangon -Bago -Tha Hton -

Hpa An - Naung Lon - Kyone Doe - Myawadi Express Way .

537

3

Express Way 30

Taunggote - Nyaungkyo - Oakshitpin -Pantaung - Sintae - Pyay - Paukkhung - Oaktwin -

Taungoo - Than Daung - Bawgali - Mawchee-Hpasoung Expressway

576

4

Express Way 40

Kyaukpyu - Maei - Ann - Padan - Minbu - Magway -Kanbyar - Myothit -Taungnyo -

Pyinmana - Kinthar - Koegway - Pinloung - Pekon - Loikaw Expressway

696

5

Express Way 50

Sittwe - Kyauktaw -Madupi - Mindat - Kanpelet -Chauk -Gwaycho - Kyaukpandaung -

Meiktila - Taunggyi - Kengtong - Tachileik - Kenglep Expressway

1681

6

Express Way 60

SarSiChauk - Hakha - Gangaw - Pale - Monywa - Myinmu - Sagaing - Mandalay -

Pyinoolwin - Lashio - Nahhu - Chinshwehaw Expressway

1104

7

Express Way 70

Tamu - Sittaung -Yaunghee - Pinlebu -Wuntho - Hteegyaing -Ngaoe - Ngabatkyee -

Sinkhan -Hanhtet - Sawunkahtaung-Mansi - Manweigyee - Namkham Expressway

569

Total ( KM ) 5483

No NameLength

(Km)Remark

1

Express Way 15

Taungpyo - Kyeinchaung - Maungdaw - Buthidaung - Kyauktaw - Myaukoo - Ann -

Maei-Taunggoup - Gwa - Pathein - Ngaputaw Expressway

950

2

Express Way 25

Tamu - Kale - Gangaw - Hteelin - Pauk - Kanpyar - Oakshitpin - Batye - Kwinkauk

- Myokwin-Hinthada - Zalun - Danubyu - Setkount - Maubin - Kyaiklat - Pyapon -

Amar Expressway

836

3

Express Way 35

Lahe - Khanti - Phongpyin - Thetkalkyin - Kalewa - Monywa - Mying - Pakokhu -

Chauk -Kanpyar - Magway - Minbu - Aunglan - Pyay - Paungde - Minhla - Taikgyi -

Yangon Express Way

1807

4

Express Way 45

Pansaung - Shinbwayyan - Tanai - Namati - Nanseaung - Indaw - Shwebo -

Sagaing - Mandalay - Yangon Express Way

1400

5

Express Way 55

Putao - Sumprabum - Myintkyina - Bamaw - Mawsikhwa - Lashio - Kyaukme -

Shwenyaung-Taunggyi - Hopon - Loikaw - Hpasaung - Papun - Natgyi - Bele -

Paung - Mawlamyine -Ye - Dawei - Tanintharyi - Bokpyin - Kawthoung Express

Way

3059

Total (Km) 8052

12×6 = 14774 km

No NameLength

(Km)Remark

1Main Arterial Road - 2

Tanintharyi - Thaephyu - Mawtaung Road

112


dawei - Heindu - Myitta - Sinphyutaing - Htesi Road

161


Thanbyuzayat - Taungzon - Mezali - Chaungsone - Three pagodas Road16

4

Main Arterial Road - 8

Ngayotekaung - Oakshitkwin - Ngaputaw - Myaungmya - Wakema -

Mawlamyainggun - Bogale - Pyapon - Daydaye - Kungyangone - Kautmhu - Dala

- Thanlyin - Thonegwa - Khayan - Thanatpin - Bago Road

410

5


Pathein - Kaungkone - Pantanaw - Sarmalout - Htandapin - Hmawbi - Bago -

Sittaung - Bele - Thaton - Hpaan - Jyaing - Kyondoe - Myawadi Road

561

6


Taunggup - Oakshitpin - Pantaung - Pyai - Paukkhaung - Oaktwin - Tangoo -

Taungtong - Mawche - Hpasaung Road

576

7


Kyaukphyu - Maei - Ann - Minbu - Magway - Taungtwingyi - Chaungnet -

Pyinmanar - Pinloung - Hpekhon - Loikaw Road

746

No NameLength

(Km)Remark

8


Sittwe - Ponnagyun - Kyauktaw - Paletwa - Madupi - Kanpetlet - Gazunma-

Chauk - Gwaycho - Kyaukpadaung - Meiktila - Kalaw - Taunggyi - Hopone -

Loilen - Namsang - Kunhein - Tarkaw - Mongpyin - Tontar - Kengtung -Mongma -

Monglar Road

1599

9


Sarsichauk - Haka - Gangaw - Pale - Monywa - Myinmu - Saging - Htonebo -

Pyinoolwin - Hsipaw - Lashio - Hseni - Kunlong - Nanghoo - Chinshwehaw

Road

986

10


Kalewa - Kyiekone - Thetkalkyin - Taze - Yeoo - Shwebo - Kyaukmyaung - Singu

-Latpanhla - Thapatekyin - Mongmite - Nangkham - Muse Road

708

11


Tamu - Pinlebu - Wuntho - Kyauktan - Hteegyaik - Myataung - Sinkhan - Mansi -

Nankham Road

558

12


Pansaung - Nanyon - Shinbyawyan - Tanaing - Namati - Myitkyina - Wynemaw -

Sadone - Kanpaikti Road

490

Total (KM) 6923

No NameLength

(Km)Remark

1


Bandulla - Buthidaung - Maungdaw - Ponnagyun-Pauktaw - Minbya - Kyarinntaung

- Ann - Maei -Taunggup - Thandwe - Kyaintali -Gwa - Chaungthar - Pathein Road

931

2


Tamu - Khanpat - Kyigone - Kale - Hanthawadi - Gangaw - Hteelin - Saw -Kanpyar

- Padan - Oakshitpin - Batye - Kwinkauk Road

1139

3


Nangmatie - Nanghsiaung - Nangthe -Wunkyi - Kawlin - Kyunnhla -Kanbalu -

Zigon - Karboe - Taze - Yeu - Monywa - Salingyi - Lingadaw - Myaing -Pakokku -

Latpanchipaw - Nyaungoo - Kyaukpadaung - Magway - Minbu -Minhla - Thayet -

Kamma - Pyay - Minhla - Taikkyi - Mhawbi -Yangon Road

1396

4


Myitkyina - Waingmaw -Bamaw - Sawankahtaung - Manwainlay - Ngarbatgyi -

Shwegu - Kyaydaw - Tagaung - Thabeikkyin - Mandalay - Kyaukse -Meikhtila -

Pyinmana - Taungoo - Nyaunglaybin - Bayargyi - Zayatkwin - Htaukkyant Road

1291

5


Muse - Nanpakha - Kutkai - Pangketu - Lai-cha - Loilen - Hopone - Hteesekhar -

Loikaw - Bawlakhe - Papun - Beelin - Mawlamyine - Dawei - Tanintharyi - Bokpyin -

Kawthaung Road

2345

6


Nanhoo - Mongmaw - Mongpouk - Mongkhat - Kengtung - Mongpayak - Talay-

Tachileik Road

749

Total (KM) 7851

• Myanmar’s GFCF has increased in last 10 years

• Transport spending has lagged behind and could soon limit growth potential.

• 8% GDP growth rate requires Myanmar to invest (GFCF) 30%+ of its GDP

• Fast growing Asian countries dedicated 10-15% of GFCF to transport (3-4% of GDP)

Source: Data ADB. 2015. Asian Development Outlook. Manila. National Transport Master Plan comparisons and targets for transport GFCF.

0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014

Sh

are

of

GD

P

GFCF Public capital expenditures Public transport investment

Source: ADB. 2016. Myanmar Transport Sector Policy Note. Manila . Estimates draw from National Transport Master Plan and Yangon Urban Transport Master Plan.

• Highways : $10.5 billion

• Rural roads : $ 5.4 billion

• Urban transport : $ 9.9 billion

• Railways : $ 4.9 billion

• Ports & airports : $ 4.6 billion

• River transport : $ 0.4 billion

Maintenance and

investment needs:

$35.7 billion

(2016-2025)

Source: ADB. 2016. Myanmar Transport Sector Policy Note. Manila . Estimates draw from National Transport Master Plan

and Yangon Urban Transport Master Plan.

$45 to $60 billion transport investment needs by 2030

Source: ADB. 2016. Myanmar Transport Sector Policy Note: How to Reform Transport Institutions. Manila.

$ m

illio

n $2.3 billion

financing gap by 2020

• Multiple priorities limit government ability to scale up own budget

• Private sector investments limited by lack of long-term financing, dearth of “good”

projects, and low cost-recovery

• SOE deficit (mainly MR) may widen unless addressed

Strengths Weaknesses

Sweeping political reforms are leading to resumption

of multilateral and bilateral development assistance for Myanmar's transport sector.

Transport sector is expected to be a priority area of assistance for development partners.

Staff in the transport sector are committed and

competent, and operate relatively effectively under difficult circumstances.

Transport system is in a poor state, providing a

relatively "clean slate" for formulating a sustainable

transport strategy and policies to meet future transport demand.

National integration policy has resulted in primary road network extending to most areas of the country.

There is little encroachment on highway rights-of-way.

Existing rail network connects most regions of the country.

There is an extensive navigable river network with inland water transport services.

The institutional structure is fragmented and

there is a lack of clarity in defining roles and responsibilities.

A comprehensive and integrated transport development strategy is lacking.

State enterprises operating on a noncommercial basis dominate the transport sector.

State transport enterprises in civil aviation, ports,

railways, and bus services are operating inefficiently.

Many transport prices are centrally set and controlled.

Budgetary subsidies compensate for low transport fares, distorting financial management.

There is a lack of familiarity with international

best practices for procurement, financial

management, and environmental and social safeguards.

Opportunities Threats

Political and economic environment is

improving rapidly.

Basic subsector structures are functional.

Staff resources of the responsible transport

ministries and agencies are committed and

work effectively.

Extensive assistance is required in all areas of

the transport sector.

Considerable scope exists for public- private

partnership initiatives.

Political reform fails to be sustained of

occurs more slowly than envisaged.

Political reform occurs too quickly, creating

a vacuum in policy and regulatory control.

Economic growth fails to materialize as

quickly as expected.

Subsector agencies are unable or unwilling

to transition from subsector operators to

subsector regulators and managers.

Externally supported transport investments

are uncoordinated.

Institutional restructuring and capacity

building is not addressed.

Invitation from Myanmar

We would like to invite you to invest for Myanmar's

infrastructure development (Transport Sector) especially in

Highway Construction Projects and Department of Highway

(DOH) will cooperate and collaborate with you.

current situation and future plan of infra development in...

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