current status of the building sector of...

CURRENT STATUS OF THE BUILDING

SECTOR OF THAILAND

DR. APICHIT THERDYOTHIN

KING MONGKUT’S UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY THONBURI, THAILAND

Thailand National Assessment on Building and Energy Sector Policies for Climate Mitigation

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Outline

1. Sector Overview

2. Energy Use in Residential and Commercial Sectors

- Current and forecasted

3. Policies & Measures

4. National priorities for buildings energy efficiency

5. Mitigation potential


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1 Sector Overview In 2000, The greenhouse gas emission by sources was shown in

Figure 1.1 The total net GHG emission in Thailand was 229 million tons CO2. The energy sector was the largest contributor at 65%.

65% 7%

21%

3% 4% Energy

Industrial process

Agricultural and livestock

Forestry

Waste management

Greenhouse gas emission in CO2 equivalent by sources in 2000


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1 Sector Overview

Share of Final Energy by sector 2013

Manufact-

uring

36%

Transportation

36%

Residential

15%

Commercial

7%

Agriculture

5% Mining &

Construction

1%


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1 Sector Overview

Building Sector

Residential Commercial

Building

Government Sector

Private Sector

Structure of Thailand Building sector


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2 Energy Use in Residential

and Commercial Sectors

The GHG emission from the electric power generation in Thailand

60%

1%

25%

14%

Year 2010 Natural Gas

Bunker Oil

Lignite

Coal

31%

0%

8% 61%

Year 2030 (Projection)

2.1 GHG Emission

Total power generation

152,954 GWh

CO2 in C 18,671,000 Ton,C

Total power generation

347,948 GWh

CO2 in C 30,386,300 Ton,C


Million

Year 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2020 2025 2030

Residential houses (RES)

Inside M 5.44 5.60 5.77 5.95 6.13 6.31 7.34 8.55 9.96

Outside M 8.05 8.01 7.96 7.91 7.86 7.80 7.43 6.91 6.23

Total 13.49 13.61 13.73 13.86 13.98 14.11 14.77 15.46 16.19

Small commercial buildings (SMC)

Inside M 1.59 1.64 1.69 1.74 1.80 1.85 2.15 2.51 2.92

Outside M 0.94 0.94 0.93 0.93 0.92 0.91 0.87 0.81 0.73

Total 2.54 2.58 2.62 2.67 2.72 2.76 3.02 3.32 3.65

RES&SMC 16.03 16.19 16.36 16.53 16.70 16.88 17.79 18.77 19.84

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and Commercial Sectors 2.2 Residential Sector

The projection where the buildings were categorized to residential houses and small

commercial buildings is shown in Table 2.1 Each type of the houses was categorized further to those located within municipality and outside municipality.

Number of household within and outside municipal areas

Current Situation


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and Commercial Sectors

Greenhouse gas emission from residential sector

2.2 Residential Sector

0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000

CO

2 E

mis

sio

n (

kT

on

, C

)

Year 2010

Projection (BAU Case)

Projection (EE case)


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and Commercial Sectors 2.3 Commercial Sector

Electricity and fuel consumptions and GHG emission from

commercial building

0

1,000

2,000

3,000

4,000

5,000

6,000

7,000

Year 2010 Projection (BAU Case) Projection (EE Case)

2,802

6810

3,348

CO

2 E

mis

sion

(k

Ton

, C

)

36%

12% 6%

14%

6%

7%

12%

7%

22%

7%

4%

26%

4%

17%

15% 5%

19%

6%

4%

28% 5%

20%

14% 4%

2030(EE) 2010 2030 (BAU)


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3 Policies &Measures

3.1 Climate Change Policy

Structure of Thailand Climate Change Policy


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Alternative Energy Development Plan

(2012-2021)

This plan also supports researches, developments and

promotions of Thailand renewable energy technologies.

Target : Renewable energy increasing from 7,413 ktoe in

2012 to 25,000 ktoe in 2021 (25% of total energy

consumption.)


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Energy Efficiency Development Plan

(2011-2030)

EEDP was approved by the National Energy Policy Council

(NEPC) on 30 November 2011. This plan targets on 25 percent

reduction of energy intensity (ratio of energy consumption to GDP) of the country within 20 years (2011-2030).

5 strategic approaches:

1. Mandatory Requirements via Rules, Regulations and Standards.

2. Energy Conservation Promotion and Support.

3. Public Awareness (PA) Creation and Behavioral Change.

4. Promotion of Technology Development and Innovation. 5. Human Resources and Institutional Capability Development.


EEDP and REDP

For Buildings

Large commercial buildings Residential buildings

Approach: Mandatory requirements via rules, regulations and standards

Enforcement of the ministerial regulation on

building design for energy conservation,2009

Development of mandatory building energy

efficiency labeling for new government Bldg.

Development of compulsory mechanism for

large commercial building to install solar hot

water system

Approach: Energy conservation promotion and support

Support for voluntary building energy-

efficiency labeling

Encourage home energy labeling,

particularly in the housing estate

business

Encourage the use of high energy-

efficiency equipment/appliance, e.g.

CFL , high efficiency LPG stoves, etc.


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Large commercial buildings Residential buildings

Approach: Promotion of technology development and innovations

Support the construction of demonstration

buildings to be energy-saving building

prototypes (e.g. government buildings)

Promote R&D on high energy-efficiency

equipment/appliances, e.g. LED light

bulbs, heat-pump water heaters, etc.

Promote installation of solar cooling/

heating systems (e.g. government

buildings)

Support the design and construction of

demonstration of energy-saving homes

Develop a low-cost solar water heating

system for household application

Approach: Human resources and institutional capability development

Promotion of the development of

professionals in building energy efficiency

and in building design inspection

EEDP and REDP

for Building


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4 National priorities for

buildings energy efficiency

The Government has revised EEDP 2011-2030 to Strategic EEDP 2015-2036 in November 2014

Strategic EEDP 2015-2036

1.Integration of compulsory and voluntary program

2.Using high impact measures for Behavior change

3.Consider Private sector as a key Partner

4.Promote professional consultancy and ESCO

5.Technology and EE Products development

6.Increase Energy Efficiency in Every Sectors

7.Promote Energy Conservation seriously for Energy

Secuirity


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buildings energy efficiency

Commercial Building Method : building energy code for minimum performance Building sector shares 8% of total final energy

Targets

Reference : Ref.

Building energy code : Code

Higher performance standards : HEPS

Economic building : Econ

Net Zero energy building : ZEB

BEC:Present

From BEC to Econ in 2010

BEC to Econ

and ZEB in 2010

2010 2030 2036 3,500 ktoe 5,700 ktoe


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buildings energy efficiency Residential & Small commercial Building

Method : Increase share of energy efficiency equipment

Small commercial Building share 15% of total final energy

Targets

Present

35% Air label 5, T8

70% Air label 5., T5, CFL

2010 2030 2036

3,300 ktoe 5,000 ktoe

100% Air label 5, 100% LED


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5 Mitigation potential

Emission Mitigation Potential Table 5.1 Summary of the GHG emission from building sector for BAU case in 2010 and 2030 and for energy efficiency case in 2030.

National Assessment Report on Building and Energy Sector

Policies for Climate Mitigation

Case Building

GHG emission

CO2 CH4 N2O NOX CO NMVOC

Ton, C Ton Ton Ton Ton Ton

BAU 2010

Large commercial 2,802 35 59 1,226 149 42

Residential 7,133 396 597 61,524 6,721 1,705

Total 16,782 2,995 1,218 122,628 90,057 6,598

BAU 2030


Residential 11,103 162 178 196 29 8

Total 17,913 253 347 3,693 455 127

EE 2030


Residential 7,886 95 101 112 16 5

Total 11,234 155 243 3064 376 106

GHG

emission

mitigation

Large commercial 3,462 31 27 545 66 18

Residential 3,217 67 77 84 13 3

Total 6,679 98 104 629 79 21


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Proposed action

6.1 Concept of NAMAs in Building Sector

• Analysis the present status of New and Existing

building • Set up KPI and criteria • Set up economic and appropriate level of design or

renovation • Demonstration project • Set as a government policy or standard

• Evaluate other building based on the proposed

criteria • Promote mechanism for continuity

Thailand National Assessment on Building and Energy Sector Policies for Climate Mitigation 20

Thank You

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