curriculum and teacher handbook

8/12/2019 Curriculum and Teacher Handbook

http://slidepdf.com/reader/full/curriculum-and-teacher-handbook 1/18

7959-55[femnfr Nejkg``d



7959-7955 [femnfrs Nejkg``d

[egbf `h M`jtfjts

Ojtr`kumto`j 7

Yr`lrec @vfrvofw =

[femnfr Elrffcfjt 6

Keoby ]mnfkubf ?

Murromubuc 55

Bfss`j Ybejs 5;

Essfsscfjts 56

Yerfjt M`ccujometo`j 58

]tehh M`jtemt Bost 5<



7959-7955 [femnfrs Nejkg``d7

Ojtr`kumto`j

\fbm`cf t` tnf H`jsnoj Fjlbosn ]fmto`j 7959-7955 ]mn``b _fer!

[nf Fjlbosn ]fmto`j os j`w fjtfrojl ojt` ùr sfm`jk `pfj sfcfstfr.

Ebtnùln wf nevf fxpfrofjmfk ùr snerf `h lr`wojl peojs wnobf

w`rdojl ùt tnf dojds oj ùr pr`lrec, ot os fvokfjt tnet wf erf cedojl e

jecf h`r ùrsfbvfs es `jf `h tnf nolnfst queboty dojkfrlertfjs oj tnf

erfe! O‟c surf tnos os kuf t` tnf hemt tnet wf merf kffpby egùt ùr

stukfjts ejk m`jjfmt wotn tnfor hecobofs. Yerfjt ojv`bvfcfjt os fxtrfcfby

ocp`rtejt oj e mnobk‟s fkumeto`j, ejk wf wobb m`jtojuf t` pr`vokf

`pp`rtujotofs h`r perfjts t` m`jjfmt wotn ùr mbessr``cs.

E jfw ekkoto`j t` tnf 7959-55 smn``b yfer wobb gf e hubb key `pp`rtujoty

h`r prfD stukfjts. \f wobb ebs` gf `rlejozojl et bfest 5 nebh key hofbk trop

fvfry c`jtn, t` dffp oj bojf wotn ùr nejks-`j bferjojl stejkerks.

]`cf jfw ekkoto`js t` tnf keoby smnfkubf wobb gf ‒cusom ejk c`vfcfjt–

tocf ejk ‒pnysomeb lecfs– tocf. E jfw cusom ejk c`vfcfjt murromubuc

wobb gf ocpbfcfjtfk oj ebb mbessr``cs.

Hojebby, O‟k aust bodf t` stey wfbm`cf `r wfbm`cf gemd h`r tnf 7959-55

smn``b yfer. Bft‟s cedf ot gfttfr tnej fvfr!

Jomn`bf ]eek

Nfek `h tnf Fjlbosn ]fmto`j

Eulust 58tn 7959



7959-7955 [femnfrs Nejkg``d7959-7955 [femnfr Nejkg``d=

Yr`lrec @vfrvofw

Yr`lrec @vfrvofw

@ur Fjlbosn sfmto`j m`cgojfs tnf gesom sugafmts `h Bejluelf, ]mofjmf, Ert, Cetn, Ynysomeb Fkumeto`j, ejk ]`-

moeb ]tukofs wotn spfmoeb mbessfs sumn es m``dojl ejk r`bf pbey t` pr`vokf e wfbb rùjkfk n`bostom fkumeto`j.

Nejks `j pràfmts pr`vokf tnf gesos h`r keoby emtovotofs `rlejozfk erùjk e mfjtreb tnfcf.

Bejluelf1 89% Fjlbosn ejk ;9% Mnojfsf, wf wobb h`mus `j gesom v`megubery ejk sfjtfjmfstrumturfs ojm`rp`retojl bferjojl tnf Fjlbosn ebpnegft ejk wrotojl Mnojfsf mnerem-

tfrs. [nf wffdby tnfcf wobb sfrvf es tnf stertojl pòjt h`r femn c`jtn‟s v`meguberyejk emtovotofs.

]mofjmf1 Nejks `j pràfmts wobb pr`c`tf ej fjvor`jcfjt `h kosm`vfry.

Ert1 Krewojl, peojtojl, ejk mreht pràfmts wobb gf utobozfk t` fjnejmf tnf ujkfrstejkojl

`h tnf tnfcf ejk t` supp`rt tnf keoby bejluelf bfss`js.

Cetn1 Mùjtojl, s`rtojl, ejk gesom puzzbfs erf ebb ojm`rp`retfk ojt` tnf wffdby cetn rù-

tojf.

Ynysomeb Fkumeto`j1 Ojk``r ejk ùtk``r sp`rts lecfs wobb pbemf ej fcpnesos `j c`t`r sdobb kfvfb`p-cfjt, nejk fyf m``rkojeto`j, tfec w`rd, sp`rtscejsnop, ejk bfekfrsnop. Hrff pbey

wobb ebs` fjmùrelf tnf kfvfb`pcfjt `h ocelojeto`j, m``pfreto`j, ejk s`moeb sdobbs.

]`moeb ]tukofs1 \otn ej fcpnesos pbemfk `j mubtureb ewerfjfss tnf s`moeb stukofs murromubuc wobbpr`vokf mnobkrfj wotn ej `pp`rtujoty t` ujkfrstejk ejk epprfmoetf tnfor `wj ejk

`tnfr mubturfs. \f wobb bferj egùt mfbfgreto`js sumn es Cok Eutucj Hfstoveb, ejk

[nejdslovojl ejk pr`vokf `pp`rtujotofs h`r stukfjts t` fxpfrofjmf tnf w`jkfr `hkovfrsoty.

Cusom/Kejmojl Cusom pbeys ej ojtflreb pert oj mnobkrfj‟s bferjojl. Wfsfermn nes sn`wj tnet1

Bostfjojl t` cusom kfvfb`ps tnf queboty `h eukot`ry kosmrocojeto`j oj tnf mnobk.

Bostfjojl t` tnf sùjks `h ojstrucfjts fjmùrelf c`t`r kfvfb`pcfjt ejkmrfetovf kfvfb`pcfjt.

C`vfcfjt hemobotetfs mnobkrfj t` bferj veroùs m`jmfpts bodf gebejmf, m``rkoje-

to`j ejk rnytnc.

]pfmohom tocf os sft esokf h`r mnobkrfj t` kosm`vfr tnf a`ys `h cusom ejk kejmojl gy

sojlojl s`jls, pbeyojl wotn ojstrucfjts, ejk kejmojl t` p`puber mnobkrfj‟s s`jls.

Krece Mnobkrfj bferj tnrùln c`kfbojl ejk ‒pbeyojl prftfjk.– \f fjmùrelf mnobkrfj t`fxprfss tnfcsfbvfs tnrùln krecetom pbey. Fvfry key mnobkrfj wobb gf lovfj tnf



7959-7955 [femnfrs Nejkg``d;

Yr`lrec @vfrvofw

`pp`rtujoty t` krfss-up, pbey prftfjk, ejk emt ùt tnfor hev`rotf st`rofs.

Mfjtfr \`rd Mfjtfr w`rd os gesfk `j tnf tnf`ry `h sfbh-luokfk bferjojl. [nf mbessr``c os sft upwotn bferjojl mfjtfrs gesfk `j tnf m`rf sugafmts tnet tnf mnobkrfj mej mn`sf hr`c.

Mfjtfrs wobb pr`vokf tnf mnobkrfj wotn tnf cetfroebs h`r kosm`vfry ejk fjmùrelf

muro`soty.

]t`ry [ocf Wfekojl ebùk t` mnobkrfj os pfrneps tnf c`st ocp`rtejt tnojl e pfrs`j mej k` t`pr`c`tf botfremy ejk ojstobb e b`vf h`r rfekojl. J`t `jby tnet, gut g``ds nfbp mnob-

krfj t` kfvfb`p voteb bejluelf sdobbs. Gfmeusf `h tnos, st`ry tocf os ej ocp`rtejt

pert `h ùr murromubuc.

M``dojl M``dojl os e lrfet wey h`r mnobkrfj t` stert ujkfrstejkojl tnf premtomeb usfs `hcetn ejk smofjmf. Mùjtojl, cfesurojl, prfkomtojl ejk `gsfrvojl rfsubts erf ebb

espfmts `h m``dojl.

Hofbk [rops @jmf e c`jtn ùr stukfjts wobb l` `j e hofbk trop t` e perd, cusfuc, `r fkumeto`jeb

hemoboty. Ot os ocp`rtejt h`r Mnobkrfj t` fxpfrofjmf horst nejk wnet tnfy erf bferjojl,ejk hofbk trops `hhfr ej fxmfbbfjt bferjojl `pp`rtujoty.




[femnfr Elrffcfjt

H`jsnoj Fjlbosn ]fmto`j [femnfr Elrffcfjt H`rc

A`g Kfsmropto`j

E tfemnfr oj tnf Fjlbosn ]fmto`j et H`jsnoj Dojkfrlertfj os rfsp`jso-

gbf h`r h`bb`wojl tnf Fjlbosn ]fmto`j murromubuc ejk smnfkubf, kfvfb-

`pojl mrfetovf ojquory gesfk bfss`j pbejs, pertomopetojl oj stehh cfft-

ojls, `pfj nùsfs, ejk `tnfr ojmokfjteb fvfjts ejk/`r treojojls.

[femnfrs snùbk k`mucfjt tnfor bfss`j pbejs, essfsscfjts, gfnevo`r-

eb ojtfrvfjto`js ejk `tnfr rfbfvejt otfcs oj e tocfby ejk pr`hfsso`jeb

cejjfr h`bb`wojl ekcojostretovf pr`t`m`b. [femnfrs erf rfsp`jsogbf h`r

wffdby rfp`rts `j stukfjt emnofvfcfjt t` gf m`ccujometfk t` per-

fjts. Ej ojkovokueb tfemnfr‟s mbessr``c smnfkubf os sugafmt t` tnfor

m`jtremt wotn H`jsnoj Dojkfrlertfj.

Nfek `h tnf Fjlbosn ]fmto`j

[femnfrs oj tnf Fjlbosn ]fmto`j rfp`rt korfmtby t` tnf nfek `h tnf Fjl-

bosn ]fmto`j. [nf nfek `h tnf Fjlbosn ]fmto`j os rfsp`jsogbf h`r pr`vok-

ojl tfemnfrs wotn tnfor smnfkubf, murromubuc, tfemnojl cetfroebs ejk

h`r sfrvojl es e boeos`j gftwffj tnf tfemnfr ejk ekcojostreto`j. [nf

nfek `h tnf Fjlbosn ]fmto`j wobb strovf et ebb tocfs t` dffp bojfs `h

m`ccujometo`j mbfer ejk `pfj. [nf nfek `h tnf Fjlbosn ]fmto`j os ebs`

rfsp`jsogbf h`r gfnevo`reb ojtfrvfjto`j rfsubtojl oj tnf rfc`veb `h e

mnobk hr`c mbess `r e pr`lrec `r ejy ojtfrvfjto`j ojv`bvojl m`ccujo-meto`j t` ejk hr`c n`cf. M`ccujometo`j wotn perfjts rflerkojl

smn``b rubfs, p`bomofs, smnfkubfs, fvfjts ftm. wobb gf tnf rfsp`jsogoboty

`h tnf nfek `h tnf Fjlbosn ]fmto`j. M`ccujometo`j wotn perfjts

rflerkojl bfss`j pbejs, bferjojl ùtm`cfs, essfsscfjts ejk

keoby gfnevo`r os tnf rfsp`jsogoboty `h tnf mbessr``c tfemnfr.




[femnfr Elrffcfjt

Gfnevo`r Ojtfrvfjto`j1

]cebb pr`gbfcs1 pr`gbfcs kfhojfk es scebb pr`gbfcs erf ejy pr`gbfc

tnet k`fs j`t korfmtby ehhfmt tnf sehfty `h tnf mnobk `r `tnfrs. [nfsf

pr`gbfcs snùbk gf kfebt wotn `j ej ojkovokueb gesos, usojl sùjk

auklcfjt. [nf Fjlbosn ]fmto`j mnobk-mfjtfrfk pnob`s`pny rfquorfs tnet

mnobkrfj tedf rfsp`jsogoboty h`r tnfor emto`js ejk emmfpt rfes`jegbf

m`jsfqufjmfs. M`jsfqufjmfs snùbk ojv`bvf tnf mnobk ekkrfssojl tnfor

`wj gfnevo`r ejk ojotoetojl e pr`pfr rfsp`jsf sumn es ej ep`b`ly,

mbfejojl up e cfss tnfy mrfetfk `r kòjl fxtre w`rd t` cedf up h`r

kosruptojl e mbess. [nfsf erf t` gf kfmokfk `j e mesf gy mesf gesos,

ejk soljohomejt ojstejmfs snùbk gf pr`pfrby k`mucfjtfk ejk sugcot-

tfk t` tnf mnobk‟s hobf.

Gol pr`gbfcs1 pr`gbfcs kfhojfk es gol pr`gbfcs erf pr`gbfcs tnet ko-

rfmtby ehhfmt tnf sehfty `h tnf mnobk `r `tnfrs, ejk tn`sf tnet ojv`bvf

tnf eknfrfjmf `h horst eok `r ùtsokf ojtfrvfjto`j (ecgubejmf, p`bomf

ftm.). [nfsf pr`gbfcs snùbk gf korfmtby rfp`rtfk t` tnf nfek `h tnf

Fjlbosn ]fmto`j ejk m`jsfqufjtby k`mucfjtfk gy ebb pertofs ojv`bvfk.

[ejtrucs1 Mnobkrfj tnr`wojl tejtrucs erf t` gf os`betfk es t` j`t

kosrupt vebuegbf mbessr``c tocf. Oh tejtrucs korfmtby ojv`bvf tnf sehf-

ty `h `tnfr stukfjts, stehh `r tnf mnobk oj qufsto`j (nottojl ejk domdojl

erf J@[ t`bfretfk) tnf mnobk‟s perfjts erf t` gf mebbfk ejk tnf mnobk os

t` gf suspfjkfk h`r tnf key.

M`jhbomt Cejelfcfjt Murromubuc (YrfD)

[femnfr luokfk, ebb`w mnobkrfj t` cedf costedfs ejk `wj up t` tnfc.

Oh tnfy ehhfmt ej`tnfr stukfjt jfletovfby tnfy cust ep`b`lozf. Nottojl,

domdojl, spottojl ejk smretmnojl rfsubt oj tocf ùt `r rfc`veb hr`c tnf



7959-7955 [femnfrs Nejkg``d<

[femnfr Elrffcfjt

emtovoty.

M`jhbomt Cejelfcfjt Murromubuc (D)

\f usf ‒Dfbs`‟s Mnòmfs,– wnomn tfemnfs mnobkrfj tnet tnfrf erf tw`

dojks `h pr`gbfcs ‒gol ejk scebb– pr`gbfcs. ]ff tnf murromubuc luokf

h`r mbessr``c ocpbfcfjteto`j.

[ettbojl

[ettbojl os j`t emmfptfk. E tettbf os wnfj s`cf`jf os j`t tryojl t`

s`bvf tnf pr`gbfc gut ojstfek os tryojl t` lft tnf mbesscetf oj trù-

gbf. [ettbojl snùbk rfsubt oj esdojl tnf mnobk t` try tw` `h Dfbs`‟s

mnòmfs horst. Oh tn`sf tw` heob, tnf tfemnfr wobb ojtfrvfjf gy w`rdojl

wotn tnf tw` mnobkrfj ojv`bvfk ejk lovojl m`jsfqufjmfs.

Murromubuc

YrfD

Murromubuc os tnfcetom ejk bferjojl ùtm`cfs erf gesfk `j Obbojòs

stetf Ferby Bferjojl kfvfb`pcfjt stejkerks (sff Ferby Bferjojl

]tejkerks k`mucfjt). Bfss`js snùbk gf gesfk `j tnf tnfcf ejk `j

nfbpojl stukfjts t` emnofvf tnfor terlft bferjojl ùtm`cfs (kohhfrfjt

h`r kohhfrfjt elfs). @utm`cf terlfts snùbk gf k`mucfjtfk oj tnf ujot

ejk bfss`j pbejs. ]tukfjts snùbk gf essfssfk pfro`komebby.

D

Murromubuc os gesfk `j tnf Obbojòs stetf Dojkfrlertfj ]tejkerks (sff

Dojkfrlertfj ]tejkerks k`mucfjt). [nf murromubuc os tnfcetom oj je-



7959-7955 [femnfrs Nejkg``d>

Yr`lrec @vfrvofw

turf. Yn`joms wobb gf teulnt usojl tnf ]terhebb murromubuc ejk stukfjts

wobb gf essfssfk ehtfr femn ujot. Ebb `tnfr sugafmts erf teulnt usojl

wffdby/go-wffdby/`r c`jtnby tnfcfs es emm`rkojl t` tnf murromubuc

luokf. Ebb bfss`j pbejs snùbk gf kfvfb`pfk erùjk cfftojl stejk-

erks. ]tejkerks ekkrfssfk gy tnf bfss`j snùbk gf ùtbojfs oj tnf ujot

ejk bfss`j pbejs.

Vjot ejk Bfss`j Ybejs

Ybfesf h`bb`w tnf murromubuc `r very emm`rkojl t` kfmoso`js cekf et

stehh cfftojls. Vjot h`rcs snùbk gf sugcottfk quertfrby wnobf bfss`j

pbejs cust gf sugcottfk t` tnf nfek `h tnf Fjlbosn ]fmto`j gy

\fkjfskey tnf prfvoùs wffd. Cetfroeb rfqufsts (purmnesf rfqufst

h`rc) wobb gf sugcottfk et tnf secf tocf `r ferbofr.

@ur [femnojl Ynob`s`pny

@ur tfemnojl pnob`s`pny os ojquory gesfk ejk mnobk-mfjtfrfk. [noscfejs tnet wf kfvfb`p bfss`js erùjk qufsto`js tnet mnobkrfj wobb

kosm`vfr tnf ejswfrs t`. \f k` j`t ‒tfemn et– mnobkrfj, retnfr wf oj-

v`bvf tnfc oj tnfor `wj bferjojl. Fssfjtoebby wf erf tfemnojl bferjfrs

n`w t` bferj. \f k` tnos gy usojl tnfcfs es e gesos h`r ùr qufsto`js.

Yfro`komebby, wf cey nevf e tfemnfr oj-sfrvomf `r treojojl `j kfvfb`p-

ojl ojquory gesfk bfss`js.

[femnfr Wfsùrmfs1

Fjlbosn ]fmto`j @hhomf1

H`rcs ejk k`mucfjts

[femnojl Cetfroebs

Yr`hfsso`jeb Kfvfb`pcfjt rfsùrmfs

M`cputfr ejk projtfr

Oh yù nevf rfek ejk elrff t` tnf tfrcs ùtbojfk oj tnos k`mucfjt, solj tnf et-temnfk h`rc ejk rfturj t` tnf nfek `h tnf Fjlbosn ]fmto`j.



7959-7955 [femnfrs Nejkg``d?

Keoby ]mnfkubf

Keoby ]mnfkubf Yrf-D 7959-7955

C`jkey [ufskey \fkjfskey [nurskey Hrokey

?199-

?156

erroveb ejk hrff

pbey

erroveb ejk hrff pbey erroveb ejk hrff pbey erroveb ejk hrff pbey

erroveb ejk hrff

pbey

?156-

?1;6

cusom ejk

c`vfcfjt

c`rjojl fxfrmosfs/

pnysomeb lecfs

c`rjojl fxfrmosfs/

pnysomeb lecfs

c`rjojl fxfrmosfs/

pnysomeb lecfs

cusom ejk

c`vfcfjt

?1;6-

59199

sjemd ejk rù-jfs

sjemd ejk rùjfs sjemd ejk rùjfs sjemd ejk rùjfs

sjemd ejk rù-jfs

59199-

59179

rfmfss rfmfss rfmfss rfmfss rfmfss

59179-

59169

bejluelf ejk

st`ry cf

ujot w`rd ujot w`rd ujot w`rd

bejluelf ejk

st`ry cf

59169-

55179

Mnojfsf Mnojfsf Mnojfsf Mnojfsf Mnojfsf

55179-

551=9

p`y/nejk

wesnojl

p`y/nejk wesnojl p`y/nejk wesnojl p`y/nejk wesnojl

p`y/nejk

wesnojl

551=9-

57199

Bujmn bujmn bujmn bujmn bujmn

57199-

571=9

hrff pbey/

koscosseb hrff pbey/koscosseb hrff pbey/koscosseb hrff pbey/koscosseb

hrff pbey/

koscosseb

571=9-

7156

jep jep jep jep jep

7156-

71=9

sjemd ejk rù-jfs

sjemd ejk rùjfs sjemd ejk rùjfs sjemd ejk rùjfs sjemd ejk rù-

jfs

71=9-

=199

ujot w`rd ujot w`rd ujot w`rd ujot w`rd ujot w`rd

=199-

=1=9

efrj``j

cffjl

efrj``j cffjl efrj``j cffjl efrj``j cffjl

efrj``j

cffjl

=1=9-

;199

koscoseb koscoseb koscoseb koscoseb koscoseb




Keoby ]mnfkubf

Keoby ]mnfkubf Dojkfrlertfj

C`jkey [ufskey \fkjfskey [nurskey Hrokey

?199-?156

erroveb ejk kfsd

emvoty

erroveb ejk kfsd

emvoty

erroveb ejk kfsd

emvoty

erroveb ejk kfsd

emvoty

erroveb ejk kfsd

emvoty

?156-?1;6

s`jls ejk

c`vfcfjt

c`rjojlfxfrmosfs/pnysomeb

lecfs


lecfs


lecfs

s`jls ejk

c`vfcfjt

?1;6-59199 sjemd sjemd sjemd sjemd sjemd

59199-591=9 rfmfss rfmfss rfmfss rfmfss rfmfss

59179-551=9 pn`joms pn`joms pn`joms pn`joms pn`joms

551=9-57199

bujmn

bujmn

bujmn

bujmn

bujmn

57199-571=9 rfmfss rfmfss rfmfss rfmfss rfmfss

57199-571=9 quoft cf/st`ry quoft cf/st`ry quoft cf/st`ry quoft cf/st`ry quoft cf/st`ry

571=9-51=9 ujot w`rd ujot w`rd ujot w`rd ujot w`rd ujot w`rd

51=9-7156 Mnojfsf Mnojfsf Mnojfsf Mnojfsf Mnojfsf

7156-71;6 sjemd+rfmfss sjemd+rfmfss sjemd+rfmfss sjemd+rfmfss sjemd+rfmfss

71=9-=199 ujot w`rd mnojfsf ujot w`rd mnojfsf ujot w`rd mnojfsf ujot w`rd mnojfsf ujot w`rd mnojfsf

=199-=1=9

efrj``j

cffjl

efrj``j

cffjl

efrj``j

cffjl

efrj``j

cffjl

efrj``j

cffjl

=1=9-;199 koscosseb koscosseb koscosseb koscosseb koscosseb




Murromubuc

C`jtn ]fptfcgfr @mt`gfr J`vfcgfr Kfmfcgfr Aejuery

[nfcf 5 gemd t` smn``b Hecoby Eutucj \ojtfr ]t`rofs \ojtfr [ocf

Dfy H`mus mbessr``c rù-

jfs okfjty Fertn Mnejlfs

m`jjfmjl wotn

botfreturf

wfetnfr ejk

mnejlfs

[nfcf 7 Ebb Egùt Cf

Nebb`wffj ejk

C``j Hfsveb [nejdslovojl \ojtfr N`bokeys \ojtfr Ejocebs

Dfy H`mus sfbh ewerfjfss [reko`js m`cojl t`lftnfr mfbfgrejl/

kovfrsoty

treots ejk mner-

emtfrosms

[nfcf = ]ehfty Keoby Wùjf Jursfry Wnycfs \ojtfr Mb`tnfs Hrofjksnop

Dfy H`mus

kejlfrs ejk prf-

vfj`j (sehfty

Wùjfs)

nylofjf ejk

n`cf rùjfs

bostfjojl ejk rf-

pfejl

\net wf wfer

ejk wny

wnet k`fs ot

cfej t` gf e

hrofjk0

Bffr H`mus E, G, M, K F, H, L, N O, A, D, B C, J, @, Y U, W, ], [

scebb c`t`r

sdobbs

nejk cejopube-

`js usojl mbey

ejk scebb t`ys

(bemojl, strojlojl

gu`js, ftm.)

tremojl streolnt

bojfs

tremojl murvfk

bojfs

mujl streolnt

bojfs Wfvofw

Cusom ejk

C`vfcfjt

Mej't ]ot ]bb,

L``k C`rjojl,

rfvofw

\net M`b`rs Kok

yù Mn``sf0

Coxojl Cy M`b-

`rs, Nebb`wffj

`j Yerekf

Cemd Mnomdfj

Kejmf Cfkby,

]nepojl up wotn

]nepfs, Emr`ss

tnf Groklf,

Mùjjl up t`

[wfjty

Ebpnegft ]ùp,

Gojl`, [nf Jecf

Mbeppojl Lecf,

\ercoj' VY

]j`wedf, \net

wobb wf k` wnfj

\f ebb L` ùt t`

Ybey0 W`md

'Wùjk tnf Cub-

gfrry Gusn, Keys

`h tnf \ffd




Murromubuc

C`jtn

[nfcf 5

Dfy H`mus

[nfcf 7

Dfy H`mus

[nfcf =

Dfy H`mus

Bffr H`mus

scebb c`t`r

sdobbs

Cusom ejk

C`vfcfjt

Hfgruery Cermn Eprob Cey Aujf

Hffbojls Koj`seurs ]projl Heory [ebfs Cy G`ky

jecojl ejk

rfm`ljozojl

hffbojls

treots ejk

mneremtfrosms

fertn mnejlfs botfreturf

epprfmoe`j

ewerfjfss `h tnf

g`ky perts `h

pf`pbf

H``k Kr. ]fuss Guls ejk Ojsfmts E trop t` tnf Q`` @mfej ejk Gfemn

nfebtny fejl,

jutro`j, sfjsf

`h testf

botfreturf

epprfmoe`j

treots ejk

mneremtfrosms

ejocebs hùjk oj

tnf z`` treots ejk

mneremtfrosms

fxpb`rojl jetureb

fjvor`jcfjts

Xebfjjfs Key

Yf`pbf oj cy

Jfolng`rn``k

Fertn Key Erùjk tnf \`rbk ]p`rts

fxprfssojl b`vf

h`r ùr hrofjks

ejk hecoby

merffrs ejk

sfrvomfs

epprfmoe`j h`r

jetureb

fjvor`jcfjt

epprfmoe`j `h

kovfrsoty

h`bb`wojl rubfs

ejk m``pfrejl

V, X, \ ^, _, Q Wfvofw Wfvofw rfvofw

Wfvofw [remojl snepfs tremojl socpbf

pomturfs

mujl snepfs rfvofw

]dop t` Cy B``,

Bostfj ejk C`vf

Koj`seurs

Kejmojl, Uuoft

[ocf, E-Nujjl

\f \obb L`,

Wfekojl Wytncom

J`te`j #5,

Wfekojl Wytncom

J`te`j #5

[nf N`dfy Y`dfy,

Wfvofw

Jfw Q`` Wfvofw,

Wfvofw

G`ky [ebd, G`ky

Yert C`vfcfjt

]trftm, Wfvofw



7959-7955 [femnfrs Nejkg``d5=

Murromubuc

Murromubuc Luokfbojfs

[nos yfer tnf murromubuc wobb gf e c`rf strumturfk oj s`cf weys ejk c`rf hbfxogbf

oj `tnfrs. \f erf ojotoetojl e jfw cusom ejk c`vfcfjt pr`lrec ojt` tnf wffdby

rùtojf. @jf key e wffd wobb gf wotn tnfor Fjlbosn tfemnfr, `jf wotn tnfor Mnojfsf

tfemnfr. Bfttfr stukofs erf gr`dfj k`wj c`jtnby wotn e h`mus `j = `r ; bfttfrs femn

c`jtn. ]cebb c`t`r sdobbs erf h`musfk `j ejk smehh`bkojl os usfk s` tnet femn

c`jtn guobks `j tnf prfvoùs c`jtns sdobbs. Mnobkrfj wn` nevf j`t yft cestfrfk

tnf prfvoùs c`jtns sdobb tesd cey stey et tnfor smehh`bk ejk c`vf t` tnf jfxt wnfj

tnfy erf rfeky. [nf keoby smnfkubf os c`rf kfhojfk t` bft tnf tfemnfrs h`mus nfevoby

`j bfss`j pbejjojl.

Femn c`jtn os gr`dfj k`wj ojt` tnrff tnfcfs. [femnfrs cey sfbfmt wnomn tnfcf(s)

tnfy wùbk bodf t` w`rd `j h`r tnf c`jtn ejk snùbk gesf tnfor kfmoso`js `j tnf

mbessfs strfjltns ejk ojtfrfsts. [nfcf tocfbojfs erf hbfxogbf t` ebb`w tfemnfrs t` l`

wotn tnf hb`w `h tnf mbessr``c. Mfrteoj tnfcfs cey hebb erùjk ebb-smn``b fvfjts

(bodf mbess pertofs `r essfcgbofs) ejk tfemnfrs snùbk pbej emm`rkojlby.

H`r femn tnfcf tnfrf os e dfy h`mus wnomn snùbk gf ojm`rp`retfk ojt` tnf bfss`j

pbejs. [nf dfy h`mus os e luokfbojf h`r bfss`j pbejjojl ejk ojm`rp`retojl tnf bferj-

ojl stejkerks.

[nf murromubuc os kfsoljfk t` gf ojtflretfk. E bfss`j pbej cey ojmbukf scebb c`t`r

sdobbs kfvfb`pcfjt, ujot w`rd (tnfcetom) ejk bfttfr stuky. Vjot w`rd snùbk ojm`rp`-

retf cejy (`r ebb) sugafmts. Cetn, ]mofjmf, Bejluelf, ]`moeb ]tukofs, Ynysomeb emtov-

otofs, Cusom, Ert ejk Krece (prftfjk pbey) snùbk ebb gf utobozfk kurojl e tnfcetom

ujot.

Bejluelf ejk ]t`ry tocf os e spfmoeb tocf sft esokf h`r st`ry tfbbojl, hojlfr pbeys,

jursfry rnycfs, ejk `tnfr bejluelf guobkojl emtovotofs. [femnfrs cey mn``sf st`-

rofs hottojl wotn tnf tnfcf `r gesfk `j tnf ojtfrfst `h tnf mbess. [femnfrs snùbk

rfek ebùk t` tnf mbess kurojl bejluelf ejk st`ry tocf.



7959-7955 [femnfrs Nejkg``d5;

Bfss`j Ybejjojl

Bfss`j Ybejjojl os ej ocp`rtejt pert `h ej `rlejozfk mbessr``c. Bfss`j

pbejs snùbk gf wfbb tnùlnt ùt, kfteobfk ejk oj bojf wotn tnf murromubuc

ejk ferby bferjojl stejkerks.

Bfss`j pbejs cust gf sugcottfk t` tnf Nfek `h tnf Fjlbosn ]fmto`j gy tnf

prfmfkojl \fkjfskey. [femnfrs cey usf e bfss`j pbej h`rcet tnfy hffb

m`ch`rtegbf wotn, gut ot cust ojmbukf tnf h`bb`wojl tnojls1

5) @gafmtovf

7) Murromubuc tnfcf/Vjot gfojl ekkrfssfk

=) ]tejkerks gfojl ekkrfssfk

;) Cetfroebs jffkfk

6) Yr`mfkurf

8) Mnfmdojl h`r ujkfrstejkojl

<) C`kohometo`js (F]B bferjfrs, yùjlfr stukfjts, c`rf ekvejmfk stukfjts)

>) Wfsùrmfs (wfgsotfs okfes `r cetfroebs wfrf etteojfk hr`c, g``ds `r MKs

usfk)

Lfttojl cetfroebs h`r mbessr``c usf1

E purmnesf rfqufst cust gf sugcottfk t` tnf Nfek `h tnf Fjlbosn sfmto`j `j

tnf prfmfkojl \fkjfskey h`r tnf jfxt wffds bfss`js. Vsf tnf purmnesf rf-

qufst h`rc ejk gf es spfmohom es p`ssogbf. Oh et ebb p`ssogbf ojmbukf tnf Mno-

jfsf trejsbeto`j `h tnf otfcs yù erf rfqufstojl, ejk tnf promfs oh yù dj`w

tnfc.




Essfsscfjts

Essfsscfjts erf ej ocp`rtejt pert `h leulojl e mnobk's kfvfb`pcfjt. \f wobb

essfss tnf mnobkrfj rùtojfby usojl `gsfrveto`js ejk p`rth`bo`s. [femnfrs erf

rfsp`jsogbf h`r `gsfrvojl tnfor stukfjt‟s emnofvfcfjts `vfr tnf mùrsf `h

tnf sfcfstfr, ejk snùbk prfperf e p`rth`bo` `h tnf stukfjts w`rd fcpnesoz-

ojl tnfor pr`lrfss, tnfor erfes `h strfjltn ejk wnet tnfy mej ocpr`vf `j.

Y`rth`bo`s ejk kfvfb`pcfjt essfsscfjts snùbk gf fxpbeojfk oj kfteob t`

perfjts kurojl perfjt tfemnfr m`jhfrfjmfs nfbk twomf e sfcfstfr.

Kfvfb`pcfjt essfsscfjts, oj ekkoto`j t` essfssojl tnf mnobkrfj gesfk `j

tnf ferby bferjojl stejkerks (sff k`mucfjt), wf wobb lovf tnf perfjts ej

okfe `h wnfrf tnfrf mnobkrfj erf et emm`rkojl t` tnf kfvfb`pcfjt gfjmn-

cerds h`r tnfor elf bfvfb (oj c`jtns). C`st oh j`t ebb mnobkrfj wobb gf kfvfb`p-

ojl et ej evfrelf pemf. Oh yù `gsfrvf ejy mnobk yù gfbofvf os soljohomejtby

gfnojk oj cfftojl tnf kfvfb`pcfjt gfjmncerds (sff k`mucfjt) tnos snùbk

gf m`ccujometfk t` tnf perfjt eb`jl wotn fvokfjmf supp`rtojl yùr `gsfr-

veto`js (mbessr``c w`rd, kfc`jstreto`js ftm.).

Yerfjt [femnfr M`jhfrfjmfs (tfjtetovf)1

J`vfcgfr 5st

Aejuery 7>tn

Eprob 56tn

Aujf 7?tn

M`pofs `h ebb perfjt m`ccujometo`j, rfbfvejt k`mucfjts, ejk ebb essfss-

cfjts snùbk gf lovfj t` tnf Nfek `h tnf Fjlbosn sfmto`j t` put oj tnf stu-

kfjt‟s hobf.



7959-7955 [femnfrs Nejkg``d5<

]tehh M`jtemt Bost

Ybfesf usf tnos pelf t` mrfetf e stehh m`jtemt bost. Es stehh ejk pn`jf jucgfrs cey mnejlf,

pbfesf upketf yùr bost rfluberby. _ù snùbk cedf m`pofs `h tnos gbejd pelf es jffkfk. Ej

upketfk bost mej ebs` gf hùjk oj tnf Fjlbosn ]fmto`j Ceoj @hhomf, oj Fxmfb h`rcet.

Jecf Yn`jf Jucgfr Fceob

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