curso de ingles 23 de 30

8/8/2019 Curso de Ingles 23 de 30

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p . 37UNIT 23 1

A Loaf of Bread

Marg. - What awful weather! And we are in the middle of summer!It seems impossible!

Tom - Yes. I t reminds me of a summer day when I was a boy offourteen. We didn t l ive in New York then, but in a quiet

l i t t le town in Cal i fornia.

Marg. - How awful ! I detest quiet l i t t le towns!

Tom - Well , I l iked i t very much. I had so many fr iends there.

Marg. - Al l r ight dear. Go on!Tom - Well , one summer evening, about eight oclock, a storm

began. And i t was a real storm! - With thunder, l ightning

and hai l . I t was the worst storm that I can remember.

Suddenly my mother said, We have no bread in the

house! One of you boys must go and buy a loaf at once,

before the shops close! Which of you wants to go?

Wel l , of course I d idn t want to go. So I looked at my

brother James. And he looked at me. And I was sorry for

him because he had a bad cold.

Marg. - The poor boy!

Tom - So I said, Al l r ight, mom. And I went off on my bicycle.

Marg. - I can t imagine you on a bicycle!

Tom - Well , I went into the stormThe l ightning nearly bl inded me. And the thunder deafened

me. At last I fe l l off the bicycle! And in that moment i t

began to rain! Torrents of r ain! I was almost drowned!

Marg. - My poor darl ing!

Tom - But I went on my way, pushing the bicycle, because i t wasimpossible to r ide i t , in al l that rain. But I d idn t care. I fe l t

so proud. I thought, Tom, my boy, - you are a hero!

Marg. - And you were a hero, darl ing!

(continua)

C a r me l o M a nga no h t t p : / / w w w . e ng l i s h f o r i t a l i a n s . c om f o r p r i va t e o r a c a de mi c u s e on l y .


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UNIT 23 2

(continuation) A Loaf of Bread

Tom - But the rain wasn t my only trouble. When I reached theshops, I found them al l c losed! At last I found one - just

one - st i l l open and i t was a bakers shop!

Marg. - What good luck!

Tom - I t certainly was! Wel l , I bought the only remaining loaf inthe shop - and turned back home.

I can t describe the journey back! I fe l l off the bicycle

again - and dir t ied al l my clothes with mud, of course.Marg. - Oh! You poor darl ing!

Tom - But I d idn t worry about that. I was too busy thinking aboutmy return home. I imagined al l the fami ly embracing me

and saying, Our Tom is a hero!

Marg. - Yes, dear! And I can imagine how proud of you they al lwere when you arr ived home!

Tom - Well , when at last I reached home, I d idn t say a word. I just put the loaf on the table - and waited modestly for

the applause and the embraces

Marg. - You darl ing!

Tom - But my mother just gave one look at the loaf. Then shesaid, The fool ! He bought brown bread instead of whi te!

Verbos irregulares usados en el dilogo A Loaf of Bread.

Base Form Past Past Part ic ip le

begin bigin began bigAn begun bign empezar

say sei said sed said sed decir

go gou went went gone gn i r

fall f:l fe l l fel fa l len f:lEn caer

feel fi: l fe l t felt fe l t felt sentir

think iNk thought :t thought : t pensarf ind faind found faund found faund encontrar

buy bai bought b:t bought b:t comprar

put put put put put put poner

give giv gave geiv given givn dar



3/37

UNIT 23 3

regular verbs = verbos regulares

En la Unit 22 hemos dicho que el Past y el Past Participle de los

verbos regulares se forman aadiendo ed o bien d a la base form.

base form past past participle

work worked worked

l ive l ived l ived etc.

Si buscamos un verbo en un diccionario, podemos ver s i es regular o

irregular .

Si buscamos to work encontramos:

to work (pt y p.p. worked) trabajar Regular

***

i rregular verbs = verbos irregulares

Los verbos irregulares no forman el past y e l pastparticiple

con ed o d.

base form past past participlego went gone

come came come etc.

Si buscamos to go, encontramos:

to go (pt went , p.p. gone ) i r Irregular

To go es irregular porque el past y el past participle no se forman

aadiendo ed a la base form.

Nota En el past s imple de los verbos regulares y de los irregulares

todas las personas son iguales .

past simple (regular ) past simple ( irregular )

I worked we worked I went we went

you worked you worked you went you went

he worked they worked he went they went



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UNIT 23 4

in the middle of = a mediados de; en medio de

Tom

- One evening, in the middle of summer, there was a terr ib le

storm.

In the middle of the storm, my mother said, Tom, go and buy

a loaf of bread!

But Mom, I answered - In this storm? And it s too far! The

bakers shop is in the middle of the town!

to remember = acordarse de, recordar

to forget = olvidar

Abel

When I forget to put my room in order or to make my bed, my

mother often says to me, I t s more convenient to forget than to

remember.

She says this because I only forget , or pretend to forget , what I

don t l ike to do.

So my mother is always saying to me:

- Remember to put your clothes in the wardrobe. Don t leave

them al l over the room.

- Don t forget to clean your shoes before going to school .

- Remember to turn off the l ights before leaving your room. And

so on, and so on.

Of course she needn t te l l me:

- Remember to telephone Barbara, or, don t forget that on

Sunday you have an appointment wi th your fr iends to play

footbal l .

Mom is r ight; I only forget what is boring and unpleasant.

===to pretend

wardrobe

to turn off

= f ingir

= armario

= apagar

l ights

appointment

unpleasant

= luces

= c i ta

= desagradable

she neednt tell me = no hace falta que me diga



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UNIT 23 5

to remind = recordar a, recordarle a

Remind me to go to the bank . = Recurdame de

Remind me that I must go to the bank. = Recurdame que

Tom and Margaret

Tom - Margaret!Marg. - Yes, dear?

Tom - I f I forget, p lease remind me to telephone my brotherJames to wish him a happy bir thday.Marg. - Oh, yes, dear! That reminds me that I have to send him a

present.

Tom - And remind me that I must go to the bank to changesome dol lars.

Marg. - Yes, darl ing.Tom - And please remind me that on Friday I have an

appointment wi th the dentist.

Marg. - Of course, dear.

to remindof

You remindme of your mother. = Me recuerdas a tu madre.

Tom and Margaret

Tom - Margaret, when you smi le you remind me of your mother.Marg. - Do I look l ike Mother?Tom - Yes, dear. Especial ly when you smi le.

***

Tom - Margaret, your fr iend Carol ine reminds me of a zoo.Marg. - What do you mean?Tom - Well , when she laughs, she reminds me of a hyena

and when she talks, she reminds me of a monkey.

Marg. - Oh, Tom! How can you say such things?!===zoo = zoo monkey = mono

hyena = hiena such = tal



6/37

UNIT 23 6

to remind = recordar a, recordarle a

to remember = acordarse de, recordar

( Tom and Margaret )

Tom doesn t remember that Margaret has a l i t t le niece. He

has a bad memory.

Margaret reminds him that she has a l i t t le niece. She says to

him, You know that my sister has a l i t t le daughter. Li t t le

Al ice.

Yes. Now I remember, says Tom.

Wel l , says Margaret, as your memory is so bad, I hope that

you won t forget that we are engaged! I shal l remind you

every morning that I am your f iance.

Oh no, darl ing, laughs Tom, i t wi l l never be necessary to

remind me of that. I remember i t every minute of the day.

1. then = entonces

- This ice cream is del ic ious, Tom!- Then have another.

2. then = luego, despus

- Waiter! I l l have soup, then fr ied f ish, then a steak, thencoffee.

3. then = en aquel entonces ( in those days)

Robert and Mill ie

Mill ie - Robert! You always say that I am si l ly! I f I am so si l ly,why did you marry me?

Rob. - You were di f ferent then.Mill ie - Oh, Robert! You were di f ferent then, too! You never said

cruel th ings to me then. You were never rude to me then!You were romantic then!

Rob. - Romantic! Ha ha ha !



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UNIT 23 7

one

one day (morning, afternoon, evening, night )

Cuando hablamos de un t iempo en e l pasado o en el futuro usamos one.

Abel

One of these days I must buy some good stereo

headphones, so I can l isten to music even at midnight, wi thout

being punished.

One morning, last week, I was dressing and l istening tosome nice rock music. I assure you, the volume was qui te low,

but my father came into the room q ui te angry and scolded me.

Then, one evening, I was studying and l istening to some

jazz music to keep me company, but my mother came into the

room very i rr i tated and said that the music was making her

nervous. So I had to stop.

One day, when I have my own house, I wi l l buy a very

powerful stereo set and I wi l l put two loudspeakers in each

room, even in the bathroom, so I can l isten to music day and

night, in every part of the house.===

headphones = auriculares to keep me = para tenerme

to punish = castigar my own = mi propia

to assure = asegurar powerful = potente

to scold = regaar loudspeaker = altavoz

sudden = repentino

suddenly = de repente, de pronto

Tom

One summer evening, i t suddenly began to rain. Ten

minutes later the rain stopped and i t suddenly began to

thunder. Suddenly my mother said, We have no bread in the

house! One of you boys must go and buy a loaf of bread.



8/37

UNIT 23 8

Go and buy = ( l i t . Ve y compra) Ve a comprar

Come and see me. = Ven a verme. Ven a vis i tarme.

Try and eat more frui t . = Intenta comer ms fruta.

I l l t ry and do i t . = Intentar hacerlo. Procurar hacerlo.

En ingls es muy corrie nte encontrar dos imperati vos o dos futuros unidos

por and.

Abel and his Mother

Mother - Abel!Abel - Yes, mummy!Mother - Come and si t next to me. I want to tel l you something.Abel - Yes, mummy.Mother - What were you doing, dear?Abel - I was just learning a piece of poetry by heart.Mother - Al l r ight. When you f in ish, go and buy your fathers

newspaper.

Abel - Al l r ight, mom. May I take the dog with me?Mother - Of course. And when you come back, try and put some

order in your room.Abel - I l l t ry and do i t before going to bed.Mother - And don t forget to go and see Mr. Wi lson. He has

telephoned twice already.Abel - Yes, mom. I l l go and see him this evening, after dinner.

===

by heart

may I take?

= ( l i t . por corazn) de memoria

= puedo l levar?

mayCuando se pide un permiso, es ms form al usar may en lugar de can.

May I come in? = Puedo entrar?

May I go out? = Puedo salir?

May I si t down? = Puedo sentarme?

May I open the window? = Puedo abrir la ventana?



9/37

UNIT 23 9

thunder = trueno

Para decir un trueno, dos truenos etc. no se puede decir:

one thunder, two thunders

Se debe decir: a clap of thunder, two claps of thunder etc.

o bie n: a thunderclap, two thunderclaps etc.

l ightning

Para decir un relmpago, dos relmpagos se dice:

a flash of l ightning, two flashes of l ightning etc.

immediately = inmediatamente

at once = inmediatamente

Come here at once !

Stop that at once !

Robert and Mill ie

Rob. - Well , I must go to work. I t s late. Have you i roned myblue shir t?

Mill ie - Just a minute, Robert! I m i roning i t now. I ve nearlyf in ished.

Rob. - But I must go out at once! Do you understand? At once!AT ONCE!Mill ie - But can t you wait for just one minute, dear?Rob. - No! When I say At once! - I mean AT ONCE!

===iron = hierro; plancha (para la ropa)

to iron = planchar

nearly = casi



10/37

UNIT 23 10

1. cold = fro

I t is cold . = ( l i t . El lo es f r o . ) Hace fr o.

I m cold . = ( l i t . Yo estoy fr o . ) Tengo fr o.

In December and in January, when the weather is cold, you

usual ly hear expressions l ike these:

- I t s so cold today!

- I t s bi t ter ly cold!- I feel so cold!

2. cold = resfr iado

I have a bad cold . = Tengo un mal res fr iado.

I have caught a cold . = He cogido un resfr iado.

In winter lots of people catch colds .

===to catch - caught - caught = coger; agarrar

Robert and Mill ie

Mill ie - Oh Robert! I t is so cold today! And I feel so i l l ! I have aterr ib le cold.

Rob. - Well , in winter, you catch a cold every month.Mill ie - Yes, I know. But this t ime I have caught a fr ightful cold.Rob. - Dont exaggerate! Don t make a fuss! A cold isn t a

serious thing. I t won t k i l l you.

===frightful

Dont make a fuss!

= terr ible; espantoso

= No hagas un escndalo!

to kill = matar



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UNIT 23 11

off

to go off = marcharse

Tom went off on his bycicle.

to keep off = mantenerse alejado de

Keep off the grass! = Prohibido pisar el csped!

to take off = quitarseTake off your coat! = Qutate la chaqueta!

to get off = bajarse de

to get off a bus, a train, a plane

Cuando ests enfadado con alguien y quieres decir l e que se vaya, puedes

usar las expresiones:

Buzz off! Clear off! Pero, ten cuidado, son ms bien ofensivas .

Nota

Cuando encontramos off en un mquina o en un aparato electr ico,

s ignif ica apagado.

El opuesto de off es on.

Observa como las preposiciones modif ican el s ignif icado de los verbos.

TO GO

to go in ( l i t . i r adentro ) entrar

to go out ( l i t . i r fuera ) salir

to go up ( l i t . i r arriba) subir

to go down ( l i t . i r abajo) bajar

to go back ( l i t . i r atrs ) volver

to go away ( l i t . i r le jos) irse



12/37

UNIT 23 12

1. the last = el l t imo

December is the last month of the year.

Tom was the last of the class in French.

Tom bought the last loaf of bread in the shop.

2. last = pasado

Last week - last month - last year

3. at last = por f in

At last Tom fel l off the bicycle.

Robert was real ly impossible yesterday! At lunch t ime hecomplained about the food.

In the aft ernoon Mi l l ie s mother telephoned and disturbed his

afternoon nap, so he complained about that, too.

At last Mi l l ie said, Robert, when you marr ied you made a big

mistake.

And do you know what he answered? - At last you havesaid something intel l igent!

open = abierto (adjetivo)

The window is open . = La ventana es t abierta.

Tom found only one shop st i l l open.

In summer I l ike to sleep with my bedroom window open.

The bank is open from 9 to 2.

opened = abierto ( participio pasado )

- Why have you opened the window?

- Because I feel hot.

Nota The window is opened. Error!

The window is open. Correcto !



13/37

UNIT 23 13

to arrive = l legar To arr ive at the stat ion.

To arr ive inLondon.

To arr ive there.

To arr ive on t ime. = Llegar a t iempo.

To arr ive home.

Every morning George gets up early. He does everything in

a hurry because he doesn t want to arr ive at the stat ion late.When he arr ives there, he waits patiently for the train.

When the train arr ives on time George smi les happi ly.

After an hour or so, he arr ives in London. (or so= aprox.)

Before start ing work he usual ly has a glass of mi lk and a

sandwich.

At midday he has a very l ight lunch, so when he arr ives

home in the evening he is qui te hungry.

to reach = alcanzar; l legar

When Tom reached the shops he found them al l c losed.

When James reached the age of eighteen, he changed completely.

Observa la diferencia de construccin entre to arrive y to reach.

To reach the stat ion. To arr ive at the stat ion.

To reach London. To arr ive in London.

To reach there . To arr ive there . ( igual)

To reach on t ime. To arr ive on t ime. ( igual)To reach home . To arr ive home . ( igual)

to push = empujar

Tom pushed his bicycle because he couldn t r ide i t .Don t push! = No empujes!

to pull = t irar



14/37

UNIT 23 14

word formation = formacin de palabras

deaf = sordo

to deafen = ensordecer

dark = oscuro

to darken = oscurecer

Aadiendo -en a cier tos nombres y adjetivos se forman algunos verbos.

He aqu un elenco de l os ms corrientes:

deep profundo to deepen profundizar

fat gordo to fatten engordar

hard duro to harden endurecer -se

height altura to heighten realzar , aumentar

length longitud to lengthen alargar

quick rpido to quicken acelerar

sharp afi lado; to sharpen afi lar;

con punta sacarle punta a

short corto to shorten acortar

strength fuerza to strengthen reforzar

sweet dulce to sweeten endulzar

weak dbi l to weaken debi l i tar

to r ide - rode - r idden = montar (a caballo) , andar (en bicicleta, moto)

to r ide a horse, a bicycle, a motorcycle

to r ide on a horseetc.

to drive - drove - driven = conducir

to drive a car, a bus, a lorry lorry = camin

When Tom was a boy of fourteen he l iked to r ide a bicycle.

When he was sixteen he rode a motorcycle.

But from eighteen on, he only wanted to dr ive cars.



15/37

UNIT 23 15

saxon genit ive

El saxon geni t ive se puede usar tambin para hablar de la casa o del

lugar de trabajo de una persona.

the bakers = panadera

the butchers = carnicera

the hairdressers = peluquera

the barbers = barbera

the dentists = consulta de un dentis ta

the chemists = farmacia

the doctors = consulta de un mdico

Es decir : The bakers shop. - The butchers shop. etc .

Nota En el ingls moderno, es tas expresiones se usan a menudo s in s .

Lydia goes to the hairdresser twice a week.

care = cuidado; atencin

to care about = preocuparse de

Lydia onlycares aboutclothes and jewels.

to take care = tener cuidado

Take care! = Cudate!

Take carewith that dog! = Ten cuidado con ese perro!

to take care of somebody = cuidar de alguien

Mothers take care of their chi ldren.

Nurses and doctors take care of their patients.

Nota En frases interrogativas y negativas s igni f ica: ser i ndiferente .

W hocares? = Qu importa?

I dont care. = Me da igual .

I couldnt care less. = Me t iene s in cuidado.



16/37

UNIT 23 16

IVAN

Dear cousin Abel ,

I hope you, my sweet cousin Debra, Uncle Giuseppe

and Aunt Vivian are in good heal th.

espero

Forgive me for not having wri t ten before. I have been

very busy.

he estado

Abel, you wi l l not bel ieve i t ! At last I have found a job

that I love! I work for an organization that helpsrefugeesto obtain pol i t ical asylum in America.

he encontrado

ayuda re fugiados

The job I had before, besides paying very l i t t le, was

also very boring. Imagine, making beds, putt ing in order

hotel rooms and cleaning toi lets!

adems de

l impiar

I don t make m uch money where I work now, but I enjoy

what I m doing.

As you know, for many years I have been a member of

the WWF (World Wi ldl i fe Fund), the famous organizationthat for so many years has worked for the protection of

nature.

como sabes

proteccin

naturaleza

Well some of my fr iends and relat ives kept saying that

al l I cared about was animals and the environment. You

know very wel l that th is is not true! I care about people,

too, especial ly chi ldren and old people.

medio ambiente

no es c ierto

This is the main reason why I love my new job. Now I

take care of refugees. T hese poor unfortunate people who

must leave their countr ies and often their fami l ies

because their l ives are in danger.

principal

desafortunadas

en pe l igro

Most of them are pol i t ical and rel ig ious refugees. They

come from countr ies where they must be careful about

what they say or do. Many of them have been tortured

and have l ived for many years in jail .

torturados

carce l

(turn over)



17/37

UNIT 23 17

(continuation) IVAN

When I started working for th is organization, my boss

said to me, Ivan, be careful what you do. Your work is

very important; the happiness of many people depends on

you.

me di jo

You know that many people have wrong ideas about

me, just because I didn t want to go to universi ty and

because of my long hair . a causa de

Where I work now nobody could care less about myhair and st i l l less about my earr ings. They only care

about the way I work, and so far everybody is satisf ied

wi th me.

hasta ahora /

sa t is fecho

Often, when I g o back home, I take some work wi th me,

so that I can go on working for a few hours. Of course, I

take care not to misplace any documents, because they

are al l very important.

Of course not everybody is satisf ied wi th my new job.

They say that I don t make enough money. But who

cares? I am happy with what I am doing. And I don t care

what people say.

When you come to America you must help me with my

Spanish, because some of these refugees come from

Spanish speaking countr ies, and most of them can t

speak Engl ish.

ex trav iar

lo que

My gir l fr iend Rosy is f ine, but I don t see her often,

because she is very busy, too. Besides her work, she

must help her mother wi th the housework and she must

take care of her younger sister.

Important news: I have bought a new computer. As

soon as I am connected to the Internet, I m going to send

you an e-mai l . Take care!

tan pronto como

Love, saludos

Your cousin Ivan



18/37

UNIT 23 18

MILLIE

The weather was terr ib le yesterday! First i t ra ined, and

then a terr ib le storm began. I t was the worst storm that I

can remember - thunder, l ightning, rain and hai l ! The

thunder almost deafened me! I am so afraid of thunder.

Robert always says that I am si l ly, because i t is only the

l ightning that can hurt you. Not the thunder. But the

thunder makes so much noise . And Im afraid of noise.

The l ightning doesn t make any noise. But when I say that

to Robert, he always says, You are the si l l iest woman in

the world!

empez

tengo miedo

Well , in the morning Robert didn t go to the factory

because the weather was so bad. I went to the market, of

course, because poor Robert must eat, good weather or

bad weather.

So I went off to the market in my old raincoat, and with

Robert s umbrel la. (My umbrel la is broken.)

impermeable

roto

Oh, the rain! I t nearly drowned me! And I just can t

describe the journey back! I had so many parcels that I

couldn t open the umbrel la. I had bought meat, potatoes,

tomatoes, lettuces, spinach, oranges, bread, chocolates,

sugar, coffee, tea, jam and biscui ts.

me ahogaba

camino

comprado

lechugas

The packet of biscui ts fel l into the mud! And when at

last I reached home I was so t i red that I couldn t speak a

word. But Robert didn t care about that. He was too busy

opening al l the parcels. Suddenly he said, You havebought oranges instead of apples! Why can t you

remember that I prefer apples? Go back to the market at

once!

barro

But Robert! , I said, In al l th is rain? I shal l be

drowned!

(turn over)



19/37

UNIT 23 19

(continuation) MILLIE

But he just laughed and said, You always exaggerate!

A l i t t le water won t hurt you. Don t be r id iculous! And

don t waste t ime! Go back to the market at once, i f you

want to f ind good apples!

Wel l , I have always known that Robert hasn t got a very

kind heart. And every day that passes i t getsworse. But I

couldn t bel ieve that his cruel ty could reach this point.

sabido

se vue lve peor

crue ldad / punto

Without answering I went to the ki tchen and began to

put the vegetables in the refr igerator. After a moment

Robert came into the ki tchen, and with his mouth ful l of

chocolate said in a nasty tone of voice, What about the

apples? I d idn t say a word. When I f in ished putt ing

everything in order, I calmly went towards the bathroom.

Robert fol lowed me without speaking. When I reached the

bathroom door I opened i t , got in, and locked the door

behind me.

hacia

me sigui

cerr con l lave

After a moment I heard Robert s voice shouting, What

about the apples? - I hesi tated for a moment, then I

said in a strong, clear voice, I f you want your stupid

apples, take the umbrel la and go to the market yoursel f !

o

dud

c lara

t mismo

I general ly take a shower very quickly, because I have

always so many things to do, and also because I don t

want to waste hot water. But th is t ime I decided to take a

nice hot bath instead of a shower.

decid

bao

An hour later I came out of the bathroom and went tothe bedroom, put on some warm clothes, took a nice

book, sat down in a comfortable armchair and began to

read.

ropa que abriga



20/37

UNIT 23 20

Irregular Verbs

Los verbos irregulares tienen formas propias que se deben aprender de memoria.

Damos una lista de los verbos ms comunes. Al final del libro hay un elenco

ms completo.

El past si mple traduce el pretrito perfecto y el pretrito imperfecto.

Por lo tanto, I wen t puede significar = yo fu i o bien yo iba.

Base Form Past Simple Past Participle

be bi: was/were wz- w: been bi:n ser , es tar

begin bigin began bigAn begun bign empezar

blow blou blew blu: blown bloun soplar

break breik broke brouk broken broukEn romper

bring briN brought br: t brought br: t traer

buy bai bought b:t bought b:t comprar

choose tSu:z chose tSouz chosen tSouzn eleg ir

come km came keim come km venir

cost kst cost kst cost kst costar

cut kt cut kt cut kt cortar

dig dig dug dg dug dg cavar

do du: did did done dn hacer

dream dri :m dreamt dremt dreamt dremt soar

drink driNk drank drANk drunk drNk beber

drive draiv drove drouv driven drivn conducir

eat i : t ate eit eaten i : tn comer

(turn over)



21/37

UNIT 23 21

(continuation)Base Form Past Simple Past Participle

fall f:l fe l l fel fa l len f:lEn caer -se

feel fi: l fe l t felt fe l t fel t tocar , sentir

f ind faind found faund found faund encontrar

f ly flai f lew flu: f lown f loun volar

forget fEget forgot fEgt forgotten fEgtEn olvidar -se

get get got gt got gt conseguir ,volverse

give giv gave geiv given givn dar

go gou went went gone gn ir -se

have hAv had hAd had hAd haber; tener

hear hiE heard h:d heard h:d or

know nou knew nju: known noun saber , conocer

lead l i :d led led led led dir igir; l levar

learn l:n learnt l:nt learnt l:nt aprender

leave l i :v lef t left lef t lef t dejar; salir

l ie lai lay lei la in lein echarse,acostarse

make meik made meid made meid hacer

meet mi:t met met met met encontrar -se

pay pei paid peid paid peid pagar

put put put put put put poner , meter

read ri:d read red read red leer

r ing riN rang rAN rung rN sonar

say sei said sed said sed decir

( turn over )



22/37

UNIT 23 22

(continuation)

Base Form Past Simple Past Participle

see si : saw s: seen si :n ver

send send sent sent sent sent enviar

shine Sain shone Sn shone Sn br i l lar

shut St shut St shut St cerrar -se

sing siN sang sAN sung sN cantar

si t si t sat sAt sat sAt sentar -se

sleep sl i :p s lept slept s lept slept dormir

speak spi :k spoke spouk spoken spoukEn hablar

spend spend spent spent spent spent gastar; pasar

stand stAnd stood stud stood stud estar de pie

swim swim swam swAm swum swm nadar

take teik took tuk taken teikEn tomar -se

te l l tel to ld tould to ld tould decir; contar

think iNk thought :t thought : t pensar

wake weik woke wouk woken woukEn despertar -se

wear weE wore w: worn w:n l levar (puesto)

write rait wrote rout writ ten r i tn escribir

understand understood understood comprender

ndEstAnd ndEstud ndEstud



23/37

UNIT 23 23

Esta lectura ha s ido e scrita para practicar el past simple.A la derecha se encuent ra la traduccin del past s imple de los

verbos irregulares solamente.

El past s imple de los verbos regulares termina s iempre en -ed.

Abel

When I went to America last summer, I had a real ly

wonderful t ime.

fui / tuve

Every day began with a nice breakfast and ended witha big bowl of chocolate ice cream. My grandpa always

keeps his freezer wel l stocked with ice cream.

empezaba

A few days before we arr ived in America, he went

shopping and bought about ten six-packs of my fathers

favouri te beer, and six hal f gal lons of chocolate ice

cream.

When he came back home and put al l those bott les of

beer and al l that ice cream on the ki tchen table, mygrandmother couldn t stop laughing. But my grandpa said,

Don t laugh, don t laugh, we are going to eat and dr ink

everything. Then he took a glass, sat down, and began

dr inking his f i rst beer.

fue

compr

volvi puso

di jo

cogi / se sent

empez

We stayed in America for f ive weeks, and the freezer

was never wi thout chocolate ice cream. Grandpa never

forgot to buy i t . olvidaba

In the evening before going to bed, he always wrote a

l ist of what he had to do the next day. Ice cream was

always at the top of the l ist. He thought that I couldn t

l ive wi thout i t . And he was r ight.

escriba

pensaba

(turn over)



24/37

UNIT 23 24

(continuation) Abel

Besides eating and dr inking we did lots of other things.

One day, my sister Debra, my uncle David and I went to

Washington to see the Space Museum. You can t imagine

how happy I fe l t when I saw the aeroplane that the Wright

brothers used in making the worlds f i rst f l ight; and the

rocks that the astronauts brought back from the moon.

hic imos

fuimos

sent / v

trajeron

===

bowl = cuenco at the top of = el pr imero de

freezer = congelador besides = adems de

well stocked = bien provis to space = sit io , espacio

six-pack = confeccin de

6 botellas / latas

f l ight

rock

= vuelo

= piedra

half gallon = 2 l i tros aprox. pilot = pi lo to

l i s t = lis ta to pilot = pilotar

Wilbur and Orvi l le Wright invented the f i rst aeroplane. On December17, 1903, they made the worlds f i rst f l ight. O rvi l le pi loted the plane.



25/37

UNIT 23 25

En la columna de la derec ha hemos puesto la base form de losverbos irregulares .

Copia en un cuaderno es ta lectura y rellena con un lapiz los espacios

vacos con los verbos correspondientes en pasts imple. Luego mira

la lectura precedente, para ver s i has cometido algunas faltas .

Abel

When I .. to America last summer, I .. a real ly

wonderful t ime.

go / have

Every day .. with a nice breakfast and ended with abig bowl of chocolate ice cream. My grandpa always

keeps his freezer wel l stocked with ice cream.

begin

A few days before we arr ived in America, he . shopping

and .. about ten six-packs of my fathers favouri te

beer, and six half gal lons of chocolate ice cream.

When he .. home and .. the beer and the ice

cream on the ki tchen table, my grandmother couldn t

stop laughing. But my grandpa .. , Don t worry, we are

going to eat and dr ink everything. Then he .. a glass,.. , and .. drinking his f i rst beer.

go

buy

come back / put

say

takesit down / begin

We stayed in America for f ive weeks, and the freezer

was never wi thout chocolate ice cream. Grandpa never

.. to buy i t . forget

In the evening before going to bed, he always .. a

l ist of what he had to do the next day. Ice cream was

always at the top of the l ist. He .. that I couldn t l ive

without i t . And he was r ight.

write

th ink

Besides eating and dr inking, we .. lots of other

things. One day, my sister Debra, my uncle David and I

. to Washington to see the Space Museum. You can t

imagine how happy I .. when I .. the aeroplane that

Orvi l le Wr ight used in making the f i rst f l ight; and the

rocks that the astronauts .. back from the moon.

do

go

feel / see

bring



26/37

UNIT 23 26

Esta lectura ha s ido e scrita para practicar el past simple.A la derecha se encuent ra la traduccin del past s imple de los

verbos irregulares solamente.

El past s imple de los verbos regulares termina s iempre en -ed.

George and Lydia

A Happy Weekend

Lydia was preparing breakfast when she heard the

doorbel l r inging. The bel l rang three t imes, so she

understood that her fr iends had arr ived. She immediately

ran to the door happi ly and when she opened i t she saw

the smi l ing faces of her two best f r iends: Flora and Erica.

oy

son

comprendi

corri / v i

After embracing and kissing them, she led them to the

ki tchen. On the ki tchen table there was already hot tea,

coffee, mi lk and biscui ts. The three ladies sat down and

began to have breakfast. They were in a hurry, so hal f an

hour later they left the house.

las l lev

se sentaron

empezaron

dejaron

As soon as they got into the car, they turned on theradio to l isten to the weather forecast. - They were

lucky! The weather was going to be f ine for the whole

weekend.

entraron

fueron

Erica was an expert dr iver. She drove better than any

man, so everybody was relaxed and happy. During the

whole journey to Bath, where they were going to spend

their weekend, they talked, laughed and sang al l k inds of

songs. Erica loved to dr ive, and she never got t i red. From

time to t ime she even told some funny stor ies to keep her

fr iends in a jo l ly mood.

conduca

cantaron

contaba

Have a nice t ime, ladies!

***

(turn over)



27/37

UNIT 23 27

(continuation) George and Lydia

A Happy Weekend

When George came back home at eight oclock in the

evening and went into the ki tchen, he found the dir ty

plates, cups, glasses, spoons and forks st i l l on the table.

So he patiently put everything in the sink and began to

wash them. But he soon stopped. I t was nearly hal f past

eight and he fel t very hungry.

volv i

fue / encontr

puso / empez

se sent a

He went to the ki tchen cupboard, but he only found

some bread and a packet of biscui ts. So he went to the

refr igerator hoping to f ind his dinner there, but in the

fr idge there was only a piece of cheese, two smal l apples,

two bott les of mi lk and an egg.

fue / encontr

He knew that Lydia was going to spend the weekend

with her fr iends in Bath. But before leaving she could

have prepared something for his dinner, thought poor

George. Surely she was in a hurry and forgot to prepare

i t , he said to himsel f . So he opened the fr idge again and

got out the cheese, a bott le of mi lk and t he egg. But when

he put them on the table, the egg began to rol l , fe l l of f

the table and broke, of course.

saba

pens

olv id

se d i jo

sal i

empez / cay

se rompi

Poor George! He ate a piece of bread and cheese, and

drank hal f a glass of mi lk. But he st i l l fe l t hungry, and

sad, very sad.

comi

bebi / se sent a

Ten minutes later he went to the bedroom, took off his

jacket, took off h is shoes and lay down on the bed. He

was so t i red that in a few minutes he fel l asleep.

se qui t

se tumb

se durmi

Half an hour later he woke up. He fel t cold and, of

course, hungry! What could he do? - He thought for

about ten minutes, then he had a br i l l iant idea. He took

the phone and rang up his col league, Oscar.

se despert

pens

tuvo / cogi

te le fone

(turn over)



28/37

UNIT 23 28

(continuation) George and LydiaA Happy Weekend

When Oscar heard George asking him to go out for

dinner, he couldn t bel ieve his ears. Oscar was single and

he spent most of his evenings going to pubs and

restaurants. He l iked George very much, because he was

honest and a hard worker. He had often invi ted him to go

out, but George seldom accepted.

oy

pasaba

I t was a beauti fu l evening. A big si lver moon shone

over Glumvi l le. A cool autumn wind gently blew the dry

leaves from one side of the street to the other. George

wore his favouri te blue sui t , h is grey overcoat and his

black hat. He was qui te elegant. He shut the front door of

his house and went to the corner of the street to wai t for

Oscar.

bri l laba

soplaba

l levaba

cerr

fue

While he stood there wai t ing for his fr iend, he began to

think about his work, and his l i fe. He had to do something

to change i t .

estaba

tena

Oscar was very punctual . At hal f past nine they were

already si t t ing in a very elegant restaurant. A nice wai ter

brought them the menu. They ordered their dinner, and

Oscar chose the wine.

t ra jo

e l ig i

While they were wait ing for their dinner Oscar asked,

Where did you buy that elegant sui t? I bought i t at

Sel fr idges. I know i t is elegant but i t , re lat ively l i t t le,

answered George.

compr

cost

When dinner was served Oscar began to talk about his

last hol iday in Costa Rica. He told George what a

fantastic t ime he had there. He slept t i l l ten, got up, had

breakfast and went to the beach. The beach was a

beauti fu l sol i tary place. The sea was emerald green.

Every morning he swam for a couple of hours, then he lay

under an umbrel la and read a book for the rest of the

morning.

empez

cont

dorma

nadaba

le a

(turn over)



29/37

UNIT 23 29


A Happy Weekend

While in Costa Rica, he never read the newspapers,

and he never watched television. Twice a week he wrote a

card and sent i t to his parents to tel l them that he was al l

r ight.

le a

escrib a

enviaba

When dinner was over and the waiter brought the bi l l ,

Oscar paid for both and he also gave the waiter a good

tip.

t ra jo

pag / di

While they were going back home, Oscar learnt f rom

George that Lydia was in Bath wi th her fr iends Flora and

Erica, so he insisted on taking George to a night club.

aprendi

What a beauti fu l p lace i t was! Poor George didn t even

know that such a place existed in Glumvi l le.

In the night club they met another col league who sat at

their table. The three of them drank beer and whisky,

spoke about footbal l , to ld jokes and laughed the wholenight.

encontraron

bebieron

hablaron

I t was hal f past four in the morning when Oscar took

George back home. His head was spinning a l i t t le. He

knew that he had drunk too much. But he fel t real ly

happy.

l lev

saba

He slept soundly t i l l twelve oclock, and he dreamt that

he was in Costa Rica.

durmi / so

That Sunday instead of working in his l i t t le garden as

he usual ly did, he went to a pub to have lunch. Then he

cal led Oscar and they both spent the afternoon bowl ing.

Li fe wasn t so tough after al l , thought poor George.

haca

pasaron

pens

===

weather forecast = pronstico del t iempo

to s leep soundly = dormir profundamente



30/37

UNIT 23 30

En la columna de la derec ha hemos puesto la base form de losverbos irregulares .

Copia en un cuaderno es ta lectura y rellena con un lapiz los espacios

vacos con los verbos correspondientes en pasts imple. Luego mira

la lectura precedente, para ver s i has cometido algunas faltas .

A Happy Weekend

Lydia was preparing breakfast when she .. the door

bel l r inging. The bel l .. three t imes, so she .. that her

fr iends had arr ived. She .. to the door happi ly and

when she opened i t she .. the smi l ing faces of her twobest fr iends: Flora and Erica.

hear

ring / understand

run

see

After embracing and kissing them, she .. them to the

ki tchen. On the ki tchen table there was already hot tea,

coffee, mi lk and biscui ts. The three ladies .. and ..

to have breakfast. They were in a hurry, so hal f an hour

later they .. the house.

lead

sit down / begin

leave

As soon as they .. the car, they turned on the radio

to l isten to the weather forecast. - They .. lucky! The

weather was going to be f ine for the whole weekend.

get into

be

Erica was an expert dr iver. She .. better than any

man, so everybody was relaxed and happy. During the

whole journey to Bath, where they were going to spend

their weekend, they talked, laughed and .. al l k inds of

songs. Erica loved to dr ive, and she never got t i red. From

time to t ime she even .. some funny stor ies to keep her

fr iends in a jo l ly mood.

drive

sing

tel l

Have a nice t ime, ladies!

***When George .. home at eight oclock in the evening

and .. into the ki tchen, he .. the dir ty plates, cups,

glasses, spoons and forks st i l l on the table. So he

patiently .. everything in the sink and began to wash

them. But he soon stopped. I t was nearly hal f past eight

and he .. very hungry.

come back

go / f ind

put

feel

(turn over)



31/37

UNIT 23 31


A Happy Weekend

He .. to the ki tchen cupboard, but he only .. some

bread and a packet of biscui ts. So he .. to the

refr igerator hoping to f ind his dinner there, but in the

fr idge there was only a piece of cheese, two smal l apples,

two bott les of mi lk and an egg.

go / f ind

go

He .. that Lydia was going to spend the weekendwith her fr iends in Bath. But before leaving she could

have prepared something for his dinner, .. poor George.

Surely she was in a hurry and .. to prepare i t , he ..

to himsel f. So he opened the fr idge again and .. the

cheese, a bott le of mi lk and the egg. But when he ..

them on the table, the egg began to rol l , .. the table

and .. , of course.

know

think

forget / say

get out

put

fall off

break

Poor George! He .. a piece of bread and cheese, and

.. half a glass of mi lk. But he st i l l fe l t hungry, and sad,

very sad.

eat

drink

Ten minutes later he went to the bedroom, .. his

jacket, took off h is shoes and .. on the bed. He was so

ti red that in a few minutes he .. .

take off

l ie down

fall asleep

Half an hour later he .. . He fel t cold and, of course,

hungry! What could he do? - He .. for about ten

minutes, then he .. a br i l l iant idea. He took the phone

and .. his col league, Oscar.

wake up

think

have

ring up

When Oscar .. George asking him to go out for

dinner, he couldn t bel ieve his ears. Oscar was single and

he .. most of his evenings going to pubs and

restaurants. He l iked George very much, because he was

honest and a hard worker. He had often invi ted him to go

out, but George seldom accepted.

hear

spend

(turn over)



32/37

UNIT 23 32

(continuation) George and LydiaA Happy Weekend

I t was a beauti fu l evening. A big si lver moon .. over

Glumvi l le. A cool autumn wind gently .. the dry leaves

from one side of the street to the other. George .. his

favouri te blue sui t , h is grey overcoat and his black hat.

He was qui te elegant. He .. the front door of his house

and .. to the corner of the street to wai t for Oscar.

shine

blow

wear

shut

go

While he .. there wai t ing for his fr iend, he began to

think about his work, and his l i fe. He .. to do something

to change i t .

stand

have

Oscar was very punctual . At hal f past nine they were

already si t t ing in a very elegant restaurant. A nice wai ter

.. them the menu. They ordered their dinner, and

Oscar .. the wine.

bring

choose

While they were wait ing for their dinner Oscar asked,

Where did you buy that elegant sui t? I .. i t at

Sel fr idges. I know i t is elegant but i t .. relat ively l i t t le,

answered George.

buy

cost

When dinner was served Oscar .. to talk about his

last hol iday in Costa Rica. He .. George what a

fantastic t ime he had there. He .. t i l l ten, got up, had

breakfast and .. to the beach. The beach was a

beauti fu l sol i tary place. The sea was emerald green.

Every morning he .. for a couple of hours, then he ..

under an umbrel la and .. a book for the rest of themorning.

begin

tel l

s leep

go

swim

lie / read

While in Costa Rica, he never .. the newspapers,

and he never watched television. Twice a week he .. a

card and .. i t to his parents to tel l them that he was al l

r ight.

read

write

send

(turn over)



33/37

UNIT 23 33


A Happy Weekend

When dinner was over and the waiter .. the bi l l ,

Oscar .. for both and he also .. the wai ter a good

tip.

bring

pay / give

While they were going back home, Oscar .. f rom

George that Lydia was in Bath wi th her fr iends Flora and

Erica, so he insisted on taking George to a night club.

learn

What a beauti fu l p lace i t was! Poor George didn t even

know that such a place existed in Glumvi l le.

In the night club they .. another col league who ..

at their table. The three of them .. beer and whisky,

.. about footbal l , to ld jokes and laughed the whole

night.

meet / s i t

drink

speak

I t was hal f past four in the morning when Oscar ..

George back home. His head was spinning a l i t t le. He ..that he had drunk too much. But he f el t real ly happy.

take

know

He .. soundly t i l l twelve oclock, and he .. that he

was in Costa Rica.

sleep / dream

That Sunday instead of working in his l i t t le garden as

he usual ly .. , he went to a pub to have lunch. Then he

cal led Oscar and they both .. the afternoon bowl ing.

Li fe wasn t so tough after al l , .. poor George.

do

spend

think



34/37

UNIT 23 34

Translation1. Traduceoralmente.

2. Copiatoda la pgina.

1. - There is a table in the middle of the room

2. There is a book in the middle of the table

3. - Dont ta lk nonsense! The shops are closing. Go and buy aloaf of bread!

4. - But I am in the middle of my French translat ion -

5. - Your French isn t so important. Go! At once!

6. - But, mother! I t is raining!

7. You know that I a lways fal l off my bicycle in the rain.

8. - Oh, mother! I am afraid of the storm!

9. The thunder deafens me!

10. - Then go off to bed!

11. - But I m afraid that t he l ightning wi l l b l ind me!12. - Dont be si l ly! - Oneof you boys must buy the loaf.13. - Wel l , I can t go because I must do my French translat ion,

and he can t go because he has a cold.

14. - Then I am very sorry, but there wi l l be no bread fordinner.

16. - We l ived in London for many years

17. but now we l ive in a quiet l i t t le town.

18. In winter i t is very cold here, but the summers are

wonderful .

19. There are people who l ike to l ive in t he mountains.

20. There are others who l ike to l ive near the sea.

21. Some people l ike to l ive in a big ci ty

22. But l i fe in a quiet l i t t le town is the best of al l .

23. There is no smoke, no noise nothing worr ies us al l is

peace and quiet.



35/37

UNIT 23 35

Translation

1. - Hay una mesa en medio de la habi tacin

2. Hay un l ibro en medio de la mesa

3. - No digas tonteras! Las t iendas estn cerrando. V ycompra una hogaza de pan!

4. - Pero yo estoy en medio de mi traduccin de francs.5. - Tu francs no es tan importante. V! Inmediatamente!

6. - Pero, mam! Est l loviendo!

7. T sabes que yo siempre (me) caigo de mi bicicleta en lal luvia. (con la l luv ia)

8. - Oh, mam! Tengo miedo de la t ormenta!

9. El trueno me ensordece!

10. - Entonces vte a la cama!

11. - Pero yo temo que el relmpago me ciegue!12. - No seas tonto! Uno de vosotros muchachos debe

comprar la hogaza.

13. - Bien, yo no puedo i r porque tengo que hacer mitraduccin de francs, y l no puede i r porque t iene un

resfr iado.

14. - Entonces lo siento mucho, pero no habr pan para ( la)cena.

16. - Nosotros vivmos en Londres por muchos aos

17. Pero ahora vivmos en un tranqui lo puebleci to.

18. En inverno hace mucho fr o aqu, pero los veranos sonmaravi l losos.

19. Hay personas a quienes les gusta vivi r en las montaas.

20. Hay otras a quienes les gusta vivi r cerca del mar.

21. A algunas personas les gusta vivi r en una grande ciudad.

22. Pero la vida en un tranqui lo pueblo es lo m ejor de todo.

23. No hay ningn humo, ningn ruido nada nos

preocupatodo es paz y tranqui l idad.



36/37

UNIT 23 36

Vocabulary

almost : lmoust casi

applause Epl:z aplauso

at last Et la:s t finalmente

at once Et wns inmediatamente

awful :ful terrible

baker beikE panadero

began bigAn empez

bicycle baisikl bicicletato blind tu blaind cegar

bought b:t compr

certainly sE: tEnl i ciertamente

to close tu klouz cerrar

to deafen tu defn ensordecer

to describe tu diskraib describir

dirty dE:t i sucio

to drown tu draun ahogar -se

fell fel ca

felt felt me senta

fool fu: l tonto (substantivo)

foolish fu: l iS tonto (adjetivo)

found faund encontr

gave geiv me di

hail heil granizo

hero hiErou hroe

to imagine tu imAdZin imaginar

journey dZE:ni viaje

l ightning lai tniN relmpagos

loaf louf hogaza, loncha

look luk mirada

luck lk fortuna, suerte

(turn over)



37/37

UNIT 23 37

Vocabulary

middle midl medio

mud md barro

proud praud orgulloso

to push tu push empujar

quiet kwaiEt tranquilo

to reach tu r i : tS alcanzar

remaining rimeiniN que quedaba

to remind tu rimaind recordar a, recordarle a to ride tu raid montar (a caballo); andar (en

bicicleta, moto)

said sed dijo

to seem tu s i :m parecer

storm st:m temporal

thought : t pens

thunder ndE trueno

torrent trEnt torrente

trouble t rbl problema

to turn back tu tE:n bAk volver

way wei camino

went off went f me fui


curso de ingles 23 de 30

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