cuts, scrapes, & bruises community first aid & safety
TRANSCRIPT
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Cuts, Scrapes, & Bruises
Community First Aid & Safety
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Cuts, Scrapes, & Bruises
Blood- 60,000 miles of blood vessels
Heart
Arteries
Veins
Capillaries
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Stitches
Uncontrollable bleeding
Wounds that show muscle, bones, joints
Large and deep puncture wounds
Embedded objects
Human / animal bites
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Types of Wounds
Contusion (bruise)
Abrasion (scrape)
Incision (cut / laceration)
Avulsion
Puncture
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Contusion (Bruise)
Damage to soft tissues & blood vessels causes bleeding under the skin
At first it may appear red
Turn purple
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Scrape (abrasion)
Most common type of wound caused by skin that has been rubbed or scrapped awayUsually painful because scraping away of outer skin exposes nerve endings
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Incision (cut / laceration)
May be jagged or smooth edges
Commonly caused by sharp objects
Can also be caused by a blow from a blunt object
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Avulsion
A cut in which a portion of the skin or other soft tissue is partially / completely torn away
May hang like a flap
Severed (finger)
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Puncture
Caused when a pointed object pieces the skin (nail, tack, bullet)
An object that remains embedded in the wound is called an impaled object
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Signs of Infection
Swollen / redness
Warm / throb / pain
Pus discharge
Fever, feel ill
Red streaks
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Care for Infection
Antibiotic ointment (Neosporin)
Soak in warm water
Elevate
Change coverings
If persists or worsens- seek a physician
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Caring for Soft Tissue Injuries
Closed Wound (internal injuries)Apply something cold to control swellingSignals of Internal Bleeding Tender, swollen, bruised Rapid / weak pulse Skin (cool, moist, pale, bluish) Vomiting / coughing up blood Excessive thirst Confused, faint, drowsy or unconscious
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Caring for an Open Wound
Control bleeding (sterile dressing-direct pressure)Raise / elevate above heart (if no broken bone is suspected)Apply bandage snugly over dressing (if bleeding does not stop apply additional dressing)If bleeding cannot be controlled, put pressure to supplying artery
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Continued
Call EMS
Care for shock
Wash hands after care
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Shock
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Signals of Shock
Restlessness / irritability
Altered consciousness
Nausea
Pale, cool, moist skin
Rapid breathing
Rapid pulse
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Caring for Shock
Have victim lie down, elevate legs about 12” (unless you suspect head, neck, back injuries)Call 9-1-1Control any external bleedingHelp victim maintain body temperatureDo not give food or drinkReassure victim
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Special Situations
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Severed Body Part
Wrap the part completely in gauze or a clean towel. Wet the towel with cool water. Place the wrapped body part in a plastic bag & seal it shut.Place the sealed bag in to another bag or bucket filled with ice. Take the bag with the amputated body part to the hospital with the victim.
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Embedded Objects
Do not remove it
Place several objects around object to support it
Eye-cover both eyes
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Organs that Break Through the Abdomen
Carefully remove clothing from around the move
Cover organs with a moist, sterile / clean dressing
Cover dressing with plastic wrap
Place a folded towel / cloth to keep warm
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