California State Parks supports equal access. Prior to arrival, visitors with disabilities who need assistance should contact the park at (760) 765-3020. This publication is available in alternate formats by contacting:

CALIFORNIA STATE PARKSP.O. Box 942896

Sacramento, CA 94296-0001For information call: (800) 777-0369

(916) 653-6995, outside the U.S.711, TTY relay service

www.parks.ca.gov

Discover the many states of California.™

Our MissionThe mission of California State Parks is to provide for the health, inspiration and education of the people of California by helping to preserve the state’s extraordinary biological diversity, protecting its most valued natural and cultural resources, and creating opportunities for high-quality outdoor recreation.

© 2010 California State Parks

Cuyamaca Rancho State Park13652 Highway 79Julian, CA 92036(760) 765-3020

Cuyamaca Rancho State Park

Hidden waterfalls and

more than 100 miles of

trails through forest

and meadow silently

witness the regrowth of

Cuyamaca Rancho

State Park.

E ast of San Diego, Cuyamaca Rancho State Park offers respite from the dry Southern California landscape. The park’s 24,700 acres of oak and conifer forests and expansive meadows are broken by running streams.

Located in the Peninsular Range of mountains, Cuyamaca Peak, at 6,512 feet, is the second highest point in San Diego County. From the peak, visitors can see Anza-Borrego Desert State Park to the east or the Pacific coastline to the west. Over half of the park's acreage is designated as state wilderness.

HISTORY

Native PeopleThe ancestors of today’s Kumeyaay Indians occupied the Cuyamaca mountains from antiquity into the historic period. Their village sites are located throughout the

state park, including Ah-ha’ Kwe-ah-mac’ (”what the rain left behind”), Iguai’ (“the nest”), Wa-Ku-Pin’ (“warm house”), Mitaragui’ (“crooked land”), Pilcha’ (“basket bush”) and Guatay’ (“big house”). Historic mention of the Cuyamaca Kumeyaay begins in 1782 when Spanish Lt. Col. Pedro

Fages noted that the villagers “approached me very pleasantly and I gave them some beads.” However, the Kumeyaay did not want to give up their independence, and resisted missionization. In 1837 a Mexican expedition attacked the villagers of Ah-ha’ Kwe-ah-mac’ after the Kumeyaay raided two ranchos to the south, eventually exacting a promise from the Kumeyaay to leave the settlers alone.

Augustin Olvera of Los Angeles obtained the Rancho Cuyamaca grant in 1845. Olvera intended to harvest timber but his contractor, Cesario Walker “being afraid of the Indians, who made a kind of revolution, abandoned the place.”

By 1857, few Kumeyaay remained. James Lassator reportedly bought 160 acres in Green Valley from the last hereditary chief of the region. Lassator’s family maintained a home, hay fields and a way-station there, supplying those using the area's early overland trails until after his death in 1865.

Gold Mining in CuyamacaThe 1869 discovery of gold near today’s town of Julian triggered a brief but frenzied rush to the Cuyamaca mountains. The southernmost and most profitable of the mines was the Stonewall, located south of the Laguna Cuyamaca. By 1872, this profitable hard-rock mine supported a permanent worker’s camp and mill. In 1886 mining entrepreneur and soon-to-be California Governor Robert W. Waterman purchased and expanded the Stonewall’s operations. At its peak from 1886 to 1891, the mine produced over 7,000 pounds of gold while regularly employing 200 men and housing their families at its company town, Cuyamaca City. Financial problems ensued after Waterman’s death, and by 1892 hard-rock mining had ended.

Spring wildflowers bloom in expansive meadows.

Kumeyaay dwellingSketch by J.W. Audubon, 1849

Stonewall Peak offers panoramic summit views.

Later owners separated remaining gold from previously milled ore tailings with cyanide leaching until final closure in 1906. After the miners left, Cuyamaca City continued for several years as a mountain resort.

Becoming a State ParkCapitalist Ralph M. Dyar bought the rancho in 1923, along with partners planning resort development for the lakefront's northern half. Dyar also built his family a beautiful second home in Green Valley, using local stone and salvaged materials from the Stonewall Mine ruins. The Dyar House later served as park headquarters and visitor center until the 2003 Cedar Fire reduced it to ruins.

The Great Depression ended Dyar’s development plans; in 1933 he sold the property to California for its new State Park System. Cuyamaca Rancho State Park was doubly benefited in the 1930s by the placement of two Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) camps that provided National Park Service designers and CCC labor to develop the park’s initial and distinctive “park rustic” facilities, including many of today’s popular campgrounds and trails.

NATURAL HISTORY

The Cedar FireOn October 25, 2003, a lost hunter lit a signal fire, hoping to be found. That signal fire quickly burned out of control and became the biggest wildfire in California’s recorded history. The fire took nearly two weeks for containment and burned a total of 280,278 acres, including 90% of Cuyamaca Rancho's 24,700 acres.

ReforestationThe slow rate of forest regeneration has prompted a reforestation project to replant a portion of the park

using grants and donations from private companies.

Severely burned areas may take years to regenerate, but grasses, shrubs and some conifers have already begun the recovery process.

Wildfires are still a threat. Please be careful to observe the park rules regarding fires, and report any fires you see to the nearest ranger station.

Vegetation and WildlifeToday the rich forest lands at Cuyamaca Rancho are returning at a slow rate.

The trees include magnificent oaks, willow, alder and sycamore. Conifers like incense cedar, white fir and Coulter, sugar, ponderosa and Jeffrey pine are also making a comeback.

You may see a gray fox, badger, bobcat or mountain lion. Park amphibians include the Pacific and the canyon tree frogs, and reptiles like the mountain king snake, striped racer and rattlesnake. More than 100 bird species live in the area, including acorn woodpeckers, northern flickers, redtailed hawks and sage sparrows. A bird list is available at park headquarters.

RECREATION

Trails—Cuyamaca Rancho State Park has more than 100 miles of riding and hiking trails. The popular 3.5-mile hike up Lookout Fire Road to Cuyamaca Peak offers spectacular 360-degree views of the ocean, the desert, the Salton Sea and across the border into Mexico. The 2-mile trail to the top of Stonewall Peak—only moderately difficult

Pacific tree frog The scars of the Cedar Fire

may be visible, but recreation opportunities still abound.

due to many switchbacks—climbs from 4,800 to 5,700 feet in elevation to overlook the old mine site. The nine-mile Harvey Moore Trail is a difficult hike beginning near the Sweetwater River Bridge north of Green Valley. The round trip takes eight hours. The restored Paso Picacho Self-Guided Nature Trail gives a brief overview of the role of change in nature. The visitor center has hiking trail maps available.Interpretive programs—The Stonewall Mine site exhibits a pictorial history of this Southern California gold mine. The park’s visitor center features regional plant and animal exhibits; it also describes Kumeyaay native life before European settlement.Picnicking—Developed picnic areas at Paso Picacho and Green Valley have tables, barbecue stoves and accessible restrooms. The group picnic area at Paso Picacho will accommodate up to 75. Camping—Family campsites with tables and fire rings are available, with accessible restrooms nearby. Trailers are limited to 30 feet long. Motor homes up to 24 feet may use Paso Picacho; Green Valley fits RVs up to 27 feet. Six rudimentary camping cabins with wooden bunks and nearby restrooms at Paso Picacho are reservable year-round.

Equestrian groups may camp at Los Vaqueros Group Horse Campground, near the California Riding and Hiking Trail. Sixteen developed sites have metal corrals.

Primitive trail camps are located at Granite Springs and Arroyo Seco, with family campsites for up to eight people. A group site will accommodate up to 16 people.

Horse corrals are available, but equestrians should pack in feed because grazing is not allowed. To use the trail camp, register at park headquarters, the Paso Picacho contact station, or the Green Valley campground. Primitive sites are located in an unlighted, remote area, so check in with enough time to reach your campsite well before dark.

Reserve cabins and campsites by calling (800) 444-7275 or visit the park's website at www.parks.ca.gov.

PLEASE REMEMBER

• Please pay fees for camp and picnic sites at the self-pay stations.

• Build fires only in the park fire rings provided. Ground fires pose a serious threat, and leave unsightly scars.

• All natural and cultural park features are protected by law and may not be disturbed or removed. Please tell park staff about any artifacts you may find, but leave them in place.

• Dogs must be kept on a six-foot- maximum leash and remain in your tent or vehicle at night. Dogs are allowed in picnic areas and in the campgrounds (except the primitive trail camps), but they are not allowed on trails or in park buildings. Please clean up after your pet.

Camping cabins are available by reservation.

Horse trails and camping facilities make this area ideal for equestrian recreation.

ACCESSIBLE FEATURES Live Oak cabin and some restrooms at the family campgrounds and picnic areas are accessible. For accessibility updates, visit http://access.parks.ca.gov.

NEARBY STATE PARKS• Anza-Borrego Desert State Park 200 Palm Canyon Drive, Borrego Springs

(760) 767-5311

• Palomar Mountain State Park 19952 State Park Drive, Palomar Mountain

(760) 742-3462• San Pasqual Battlefield State Historic Park 15808 San Pasqual Valley Road,

Escondido, CA 92027 (760) 737-2201

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From Los Vaqueros

EQUESTRIAN TRAILS

TO:

BIKING TRAILS

From Visitor Center to:

No Horses on Lookout Fire Road

Please Note: Every effort has been made to ensure the accuracy of this map. However, occasionally portions of trails may be closed or otherwise restricted. Please observe all posted orders.

All Distances in MilesAzalea Spring 3.9Dyar Spring 6.2Sweetwater Bridge 6.5Granite Springs 7.2Arroyo Seco 8.5South Border on CA 11.9 R&H TrailWilliam Heise County 6+ Park on Kelly’s Ditch Trail

Stonewall Creek Fire Road .8Soapstone Grade Fire Road 3.1Stonewall Mine 4.6Milk Ranch Road 6.2Sweetwater Turnout 1.4

From Milk Ranch Road to:

Middle Peak (top) 2.7Azalea Spring 2.3Cuyamaca Peak (hard climb) 4.3

From Sweetwater Turnout to:

East Mesa Fire Road 1.3Granite Springs 5.8Deer Park Trail (park boundary) 8.4

Japacha Spring 2.5 6.5Arroyo Seco 1.5 8Airplane Monument 2 6Merigan Parking 4.2 -Granite Springs 4.5 7.5Stonewall Peak 7 2Azalea Spring 7 1Azalea Glen 8 1.2Cuyamaca Peak 8 3.5Middle Peak 9 4

From GreenValley

From Paso Picacho

HIKING TRAILS

TO:

This park receives support in part through a nonprofit organization. For more

information, contact: Cuyamaca Rancho State Park Interpretive Association

• P.O. Box 204 • Descanso, CA 91916 • www.cuyamaca.us