C.W. ShelmerdineIntroduction to Greek 2nd edition(Newburyport, MA: Focus, 2008)

Chapter 12

Shelmerdine Chapter 123rd declension nouns: stems in More uses of the article Compounds of , beConditions Simple conditions Contrary-to-fact conditions

Shelmerdine Chapter 123rd declension nouns: stems in More uses of the article Compounds of , beConditions Simple conditions Contrary-to-fact conditions

Shelmerdine Chapter 121. 3rd declension nouns: stems in -Recall that the combination is generally forbidden in Greek.Consequently, in the nominative singular the - disappears and the preceding vowel lengthens to make up for the lost - ( , ). In the dative plural, the disappears instead, with no compensatory lengthening.

Shelmerdine Chapter 121. 3rd declension nouns: stems in Thus the forms of , leader singularNom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Voc. = nom.pluralNom. Gen. Dat. Acc. Voc. = nom.nom. sg.: dat. pl.:

Shelmerdine Chapter 123rd declension nouns: stems in More uses of the article Compounds of , beConditions Simple conditions Contrary-to-fact conditions

Shelmerdine Chapter 122. More uses of the article Because the article by itself establishes attributive position, the noun it agrees with might be omitted. In such cases, the gender of the article provides a clue about the missing noun:masculine man, men, peoplefeminine woman, womenneuter thing, things

Shelmerdine Chapter 122. More uses of the article Because the article by itself establishes attributive position, the noun it agrees with might be omitted. the [things, affairs] of the fatherland the [people] of Greece the wise [man, person] the [men, people] over there the [women] in the old days the [things] in the house

Shelmerdine Chapter 123rd declension nouns: stems in More uses of the article Compounds of , beConditions Simple conditions Contrary-to-fact conditions

Shelmerdine Chapter 12singular I am you are() (s)he, it isplural we are you/yall are() they arepresent tense indicative activeExcept for the 2nd person singular,all forms are enclitic.

Shelmerdine Chapter 12singular () plural () present tense indicative activeIn a compound, the enclitic forms throw their accent back to the prefix.

Shelmerdine Chapter 123rd declension nouns: stems in More uses of the article Compounds of , beConditions Simple conditions Contrary-to-fact conditions

Shelmerdine Chapter 124. Conditions A condition consists of two parts:The protasis () = the if-statement, a subordinate clause.In Greek, it begins with if use to express notThe apodosis () = the conclusion, then-statement, the main or independent clause.In Greek, use to express not

Shelmerdine Chapter 123rd declension nouns: stems in More uses of the article Compounds of , beConditions Simple conditions Contrary-to-fact conditions

Shelmerdine Chapter 125. Simple Conditions Simple conditions referring to the past or present work the same in both Greek and English:(protasis) , If the child is not good,(apodosis) .I pity the father.

Shelmerdine Chapter 125. Simple Conditions Simple conditions referring to the past or present work the same in both Greek and English: , .If the child is not good, I pity the father. , .If the general was wise, he did not trust his guide.

Shelmerdine Chapter 123rd declension nouns: stems in More uses of the article Compounds of , beConditions Simple conditions Contrary-to-fact conditions

Shelmerdine Chapter 116. Contrary-to-fact Conditions A contrary-to-fact condition refers to a situation which does not or did not exist:If I were rich [but Im not], I would be happy [but Im not].If it had not rained [but it did], I would have gone out [but I didnt].In Greek, the apodosis of a contrary to fact condition contains the word , but never as the first word of the clause (postpositive).

Shelmerdine Chapter 126. Contrary-to-fact Conditions A contrary-to-fact condition refers to a situation which does not or did not exist: , .If he were a slave [but hes not], he would not be doing well [but he is].Greek uses the imperfect tense to refer to the present time.

Shelmerdine Chapter 126. Contrary-to-fact Conditions A contrary-to-fact condition refers to a situation which does not or did not exist: , .If the general had guarded the camp [but he didnt], the prisoners or war would not have escaped [but they did].Greek uses the aorist tense to refer to past time.

Shelmerdine Chapter 126. Contrary-to-fact Conditions A contrary-to-fact condition refers to a situation which does not or did not exist: , . If the Athenians had not pursued the Persians out of Greece [but they did], they would now be slaves [but they arent].Greek uses the imperfect tense to refer to the present time.Greek uses the aorist tense to refer to past time.

Sarcophagus with story of Alcestis

Pherae

Shelmerdine Chapter 12 , , , , .

Shelmerdine Chapter 12 , , , , .

Shelmerdine Chapter 12 , , , , .

Shelmerdine Chapter 12 .

Shelmerdine Chapter 12 .

Shelmerdine Chapter 12 .

Shelmerdine Chapter 12 .

Shelmerdine Chapter 12 .

Shelmerdine Chapter 12 .

Shelmerdine Chapter 12 , , . , , . wash up the truth by force

Shelmerdine Chapter 12 , , . , , . wash up the truth by force

Shelmerdine Chapter 12 , , . , , . wash up the truth by force

Shelmerdine Chapter 12Friedrich Heinrich FgerAlcestis Gives Her Life for Admetus

Death takes Alcestis Hercules with swordvase painting, Classical period

Hermes, Hercules and Alcestis

Alcestis with Hercules in Hades (wall painting in the Christian Catacomb, Via Latina, 4th century AD)

Alcestis while Hercules wrestles Death (Frederick Leighton)

Shelmerdine Chapter 12 , field earth = , "sky" (neut nom/acc pl) "all (always in predicate position) - - "winged" "form, mold"

Shelmerdine Chapter 12 , , ' . , . "fill up" +gen. in place of (acc) "woman", , "one", - "trance" "throw on" "build" (), "bone" - "rib" , "flesh" "put to sleep"

Shelmerdine Chapter 12 , , . , . "she will be called" (nom) (acc) "woman" two "s/he said", , "one" "was taken "because of this" "leave behind" "my" (), "bone" "will stick to", "flesh (neut. nom. sg.) this

*************************************Beazley 212127**(cf. A. Grabar, The Beginnings of Christian Art, p. 228, pl. 251)****