cyber war - bmbs.org · 2019. 11. 30. · been hacked! change your password joebob right now! i...
TRANSCRIPT
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Cyber war
• country vs. country
• business, political, or criminal
• official vs condoned vs independent
• before-fact vs after-fact
KINDS
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©The New Yorker, 1993
ALL made easier because …
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Forms Distributed Denial of ServiceDDOS
good user
Many Famous cases:BBCSonyPayPalNetflix
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Potential impact: Interrupt any public or private service that uses the internet, including SCADA
Infrastructure!!!!Essential services!!!!THINGS THAT WE NEED!!!!!
Supervisory Control and
Data Acquisition
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“Much of the U.S. critical infrastructure is potentially vulnerable to cyberattack.”
-- U.S. Congressional Research Serviceand
many, many, many other experts
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ATTACK
• 3 weeks (May)• Disrupt services• Leaked NSA tool
(NSA denies)• “Eternal Blue”• Ransom, harass• $18.2m cost
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Even weapons systems are not safe
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Forms DNS Hijacking
aka DNSpionage
Attack “Domain Name System” servers so that …
• You enter “bigbank.com”
• Usually DNS servers point you to 64.233.191.255
• But after hack, they send you to 126.434.1.045
BADGUYS.COM
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Forms Hacker theft
Famous cases:U.S. OPM (21 million files!!)EquifaxYahooLinkedInTargetMany major companies
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Now common …
November 2018 report
Hackers stole
• 500 million customer records
• Names, addresses, credit cards, passports
• From Starwood reservation system
• Since 2014
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MOST COMMON PURPOSE:
RANSOM … EXTORTION … INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY ROBBERY
RANSOM … EXTORTION … INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY ROBBERY
RANSOM … EXTORTION … INFO SUPERHIGHWAY ROBBERY
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With detailed instructions on how to pay the ransom … get the key … and decrypt.
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From: [email protected] <[email protected]>
Subject: [email protected] - this account has been hacked! Change your password joebobright now!
I made a full dump of your disk (I have all your address book, history of viewing sites, all files, phone numbers and addresses of all your contacts).
I am strongly belive that you would not like to show these pictures to your relatives, friends or colleagues. I think $745 is a very small amount for my silence.
Don't be mad at me, everyone has their own work.
Trying to Make it Personal
Nov 2018
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Forms Political manipulation
1) Manipulation of “Social Media”
2) Stolen and leaked e-mails
3) Direct penetrations of voting hardware
4) Deep fakes
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Let’s start with the newest (and potentially scariest)
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University of Washington
Artificial Intelligence to map face to sound
“Ground Truth” video →→→→→ Fake Video
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What to do?
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Often difficult to determine specific cases, but … safe to say:
“Everyone does it”
Who’s doing cyber ops?
• Russia• China• North Korea• Others
• USA?????
Some examples …
“But some do it more than others”
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Meet … Melvin Redick
• Harrisburg, Pennsylvania, USA
• Avid internet user
• Active in Facebook and Twitter
• Overall good guy
Trolls and Bots
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Studied at Indiana University of PennsylvaniaWent to Central High School (Philadelphia)Lives in Harrisburg, Pennsylvania
“New terrible US-led coalition chemical (chlorine) attack against civilians in Syria (Kafrzita, Hama). It is horrible war crime!”
Link to “evidence”
“Donald Trump has already distinguished himself as a war criminal!”
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Melvin Redick
“These guys show hidden truth about Hillary Clinton, George Soros and other leaders of the US. Visit #DCLeaks website. It’s really interesting!”
Trolls and Bots
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Melvin Redick
The same morning … “Katherine Fulton” and “Alice Donovan” also praised #DCLeaks, while attacking Open Society Foundation
Trolls and Bots
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They are “trolls.”
Melvin Redick
DO NOT EXIST !!!
PROBLEM IS …
Alice DonovanKatherine Fulton
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The man and girl in the photos …
Charles David Costacurta, 36, of Jundiaí in southeastern Brazil, and his 3-yr-old daughter
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• Ebola outbreak in Atlanta
• Police shoot an unarmed African-American woman
• Gay activists take over Sunday school
• Teachers are carrying guns in school
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Exploiting any issue that divides us
Facebook confirms: Part of Russian campaign
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INFORMATION
INFLUENCE
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FI
CA
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Even children’s health – vaccinations – are not off-limits
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MISSION OBJECTIVE ….
• Sow chaos or discontent
• Undermine credibility of services and systems
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Hot-Button Issues
A tiny grain of truth
Exploiting biases
Sowing doubt
Fueling anger
Undermine confidence
SUCCESSFUL COVERT OPERATION!!
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Joseph GoebellsNAZI propaganda minister beginning 1933
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EXPERTS ADVISE …
Be as wary of sources you want to
agree with …
as with those you don’t like
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WHO ARE THE TROLLS???
WHERE ARE THEY???
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Who was doing the covert operations in the West??
St. Petersburg
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“Trolls”
Perhaps … at one point … “could be somebody sitting on their bed that weighs 400 pounds”
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Typical Troll
• 20-30 years old
• In office with 5-6 others
• Two 12-hour days in a row, then two days off
• About US$775 per month
• Quota during each set of shifts:
5 political posts
10 nonpolitical posts
150-200 comments on colleagues’ posts
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Topics:
Sometimes pro-Russia, pro-Putin
Sometimes attacks on opposition in Russia
Often attacking/supporting foreign leaders
Disinformation to support operational priorities
Sow confusion and doubt
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Thousands (or tens of thousands) of BOTS are …
• “Hidden hands” of persons with undisclosed intentions
• MANY run by … foreign intelligence organizations (or businesses)
Example of typical mission Forward messages that support a particular political objective
admit …
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RESEARCH SHOWS …
REPETITION WORKS.
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Political Interference Ops
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FUNNY NAMES … NOT-FUNNY SPONSORS
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DNC and related intrusions …
• Theft of thousands of party e-mails
• Attempted extortion or blackmail of party officials
• Public release through WikiLeaks
• GOAL: Tensions, acrimony, partisanship, public confusion
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GRU
Hack DNC
On-line personas
Hack Clinton
team
Three main operations(March-October 2016)
“Guccifer 2.0”“DC Leaks”“Fancy Bears”
WikiLeaks
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July 2018: U.S. indicts 12 Russian intel officers
• Mueller investigation
• Election meddling (not just troll farm)
• 2 sigint units involved in cyber operations to influence 2016 election
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19 October 2018: Another Indictment
• Russians “interfering in U.S. mid-term elections”
• Elena Khusyaynova, 44, paid by senior Putin aide
• “Sow discord in the U.S. political system” by pushing divisive political issues
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19 October 2018: Another Indictment
• Russians “interfering in U.S. mid-term elections”
• Elena Khusyaynova, 44, paid by senior Putin aide
• “Sow discord in the U.S. political system” by pushing divisive political issues
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PROJECT LAKHTA …
• Studies U.S. news and “fake news”
• Pushes lines on BOTH sides
DNI Coates:
• “Campaigns” targeting 2020 elections also
• Warning lights are “blinking red”
❑ Special Counsel Mueller is “puppet of establishment” who’s “damaging the country”
❑ “If Trump fires Mueller … our democracy is at stake”
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Target just one party?
Ya think so?!?!?!
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Technique: Spearphishing
Get your prey to download software that gives YOU control
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Example of situations in 21 U.S. states:
Company providing voter check-in software was allegedly penetrated by Russians
• VR SystemsNSA says GRU sent “phishing” e-mails from fake VR to 122 local jurisdictions
Interfering in actual voting??
Concerns deepen … and democracy relies on faith.
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Def Con 26in August 2018
“White Hat” hacking conference
• Kids (6-17 yrs old) able to hack into replicas of election board websites
• 11-yr-old changed a Florida website
Subsequent reports caution hacked sites weren’t as vulnerable in real life.
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Interfering in actual voting??
One solution … Return to paper ballots
• In U.S., many states previously electronic have returned to paper
• But 14 states will still have no paper record
Fight between vendors and security advocates gumming up debate.
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What can we do ?!?!?!?!?!
So …
Bad guys can disrupt our businesses and public services.
Bad guys can steal our info and hold it hostage.
Bad guys can sow confusion, discontent among us.
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Defense Actions
As individuals …
Monitoring and Detection
Firewalls and Blocks
Defensive deployments
Offense and Counterattacks
Deterrence
As countries …
(next conversation)
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USCYBERCOM
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JOINT WARNINGOctober 2019
Hacks in 35 countries that appeared to be from Iran …were actuallyRUSSIAN.
“False flag ops”
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But …
This is just the beginning.
Government can only do so much.
Individual responsibility will be key.