U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey

CyberGIS Progress and Perspectives in the Context of USGS

E. Lynn Usery

http://cegis.usgs.gov

usery@usgs.gov

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Outline

USGS needs for CyberGISThe National Map and other USGS datasets

Progress to datePerspective for the future of CyberGIS at USGS

3DEPAlaskaMaps and analysis on demandSome example problems for CyberGIS

Conclusions

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USGS Needs for CyberGIS

Multiple nationwide datasets at high resolutionComplex calculations for geospatial dataIntegration of multiple datasetsCreating Resource Description Framework (RDF) and

semantics from legacy USGS datasets in geodatabase and image formats

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Current State

Layer-based approachGeneration of new topographic maps – US Topo

3 year cycle; 18,000 maps per year, 100 maps per dayViewer access with display, download, mashups with

other data

Problems – rapid display and delivery; relies on tile cache schemeUses single CPU computer technology

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Dataset Geometry/ Format

Attribution/ Scaling URL

National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) Vector Discrete/nominal http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/nhd.html?p=nhdNational Transportation Dataset Vector; tables Discrete/nominal http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/

http://gisdata.usgs.net/website/MRLC/viewer.htmNational Boundaries Dataset Vector Discrete/nominal http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/National Structures Dataset Vector Discrete/nominal http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/Geographic Names Information System (GNIS) Vector Discrete/nominal http://geonames.usgs.gov/domestic/download_data.htmNational Elevation Dataset (NED) Raster Continuous/ratio http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/

http://seamless.usgs.gov/website/seamless/viewer.htmNational Digital Orthophotos Raster Continuous/

intervalhttp://www.ndop.gov/data.html; http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/http://gisdata.usgs.net/website/MRLC/viewer.htm

National Land Cover Dataset (NLCD) Raster Discrete/nominal http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/http://gisdata.usgs.net/website/MRLC/viewer.htm

Global Land Cover Dataset Raster Discrete/nominal http://landcover.usgs.gov/landcoverdata.phpLiDAR Point Continuous/ratio http://viewer.nationalmap.gov/viewer/Satellite images Raster Continuous/interval http://edcsns17.cr.usgs.gov/NewEarthExplorer/; http://glovis.usgs.gov/Hazards (Earthquakes, Volcanoes) Graphics Multiple forms http://earthquake.usgs.gov/hazards/; http://volcanoes.usgs.gov/activity/status.phpMinerals Vector; text Discrete/nominal http://mrdata.usgs.gov/; http://tin.er.usgs.gov/mrds/

http://tin.er.usgs.gov/geochem/; http://crustal.usgs.gov/geophysics/index.htmlEnergy Vector; databases Multiple forms http://energy.usgs.gov/search.htmlLandscapes and Coasts Reports Discrete/nominal http://geochange.er.usgs.gov/info/holdings.htmlAstrogeology Databases Discrete/nominal http://astrogeology.usgs.gov/DataAndInformation/Geologic Map Database Vector; maps; text Discrete/nominal http://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Geologic Data Digital Data Series Maps; tables Discrete/nominal http://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-060/National Water Information System Graphics; tables Continuous/ratio http://wdr.water.usgs.gov/nwisgmap/Floods and High Flow Graphics; tables Continuous/ratio http://waterwatch.usgs.gov/new/index.php?id=wwDrought Graphics; tables Continuous/ratio http://waterwatch.usgs.gov/new/index.php?id=wwMonthly Stream Flow Graphics; tables Continuous/ratio http://waterwatch.usgs.gov/new/index.php?id=wwGround Water Vector; tables; Continuous/ratio http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/gw/; http://groundwaterwatch.usgs.gov/Water Quality Graphics Continuous/ratio http://waterdata.usgs.gov/nwis/qw/; http://waterwatch.usgs.gov/wqwatch/National Biological Information Infra- structure (NBII)

Graphics; vector; geodatabases

Multiple forms http://www.nbii.gov/portal/server.pt/community/nbii_home/236

Vegetation Characterization Vector; databases Multiple forms http://biology.usgs.gov/npsveg/Wildlife Vector; text;video Multiple forms http://www.nwhc.usgs.gov/Invasive Species Vector; databases;

graphics, imageMultiple forms http://www.nbii.gov/portal/server.pt/community/invasive_species/221

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The 8 Layers of The National Map

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Datasets of The National MapNational Land Cover Dataset (1992, 2000, 2006, 2011 in work)National Elevation Dataset (1,1/3,1/9 arc-sec)National Digital Orthophoto Dataset (multiple dates, multiple

resolutions, 1 m, 1/3 m urban areas) National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) (Medium, High, Local

resolution)Geographic Names Information System (GNIS)National Structures DatasetNational Boundaries Dataset (US, state, county, minor civil

divisions, governmental units)National Transportation Dataset (TIGER and others)

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Progress to date – Focus on complex computation for map projections

pRasterBlaster development continuingpRasterBlaster Version 1.0 released 01 April 2012Identified two substantive I/O bottleneckspRasterBlaster Version 1.5 soon (fix identified bottlenecks;

parallel I/O Library)Iterative testingmapIMG 4.0 (dRasterBlaster -- to be released this fall) Library of core functions shared by both dRasterBlaster &

pRasterBlaster (libRasterBlaster -- almost complete)

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Progress to date – Data Availability for CyberGIS

National Elevation DatasetCurrent 10 m resolution available for access through cyberGIS

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Perspective for the future of CyberGIS at USGS

National Enhanced Elevation Assessment (NEAA)http://nationalmap.gov/3DEP/neea.html

The results of the assessment indicate that a national-level enhanced-elevation-data program has the potential to generate from $1.2 billion to $13 billion in new benefits annually.

Review of and feedback on 3DEP: program recommendation of Quality Level 2 data and 8 year cycle

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Elevation Quality Levels (QL)

Source

Point Density (pts/m2)

Nominal Pulse Spacing (NPS)

(m)

DEM Post Spacing (arc-

sec, m)

Vertical RMSEz

(cm)

Equivalent Contour

Accuracy (ft)

QL1 lidar 8 0.35 1/27, ~1 9.25 1

QL2 lidar 2 0.7 1/27, ~2 9.25 1

QL3 lidar 1 - 0.25 1 - 2 1/9, ~3 ≤ 18.5 2

QL4 images 0.04 5 1/3, ~10 46.3 - 139 5 - 15

QL5 IfSar 0.04 5 1/3, ~10 92.7 - 185 10 - 20

NEEA Quality Levels

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Current Status of the Nation’s Elevation Data NEEA Inventory Results

1996 -201128% coverage -49 states15% coverage –Alaska30+ year replacement cycleProgram is well coordinated –less than 10% overlap of coverageData quality variable

Why is this a problem?Remaining 72% coverage is 30 or more years old.Alaska –very poor qualityMeets 10% of reported needs Current and emerging needs require higher quality data

Map depicts public sources of LiDAR in all states plus IfSAR data in Alaska

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3DEP – 3-Dimensional Elevation Program

New program result of NEAATrying to get support from multiple Federal and State

agencies to produce nationwide coverageCommunicate that the program is more than bare earth

elevation –point cloud and other basic derivatives (TBD) will be distributed and archived

3DEP gives you the perspective to see more than just what’s on the surface

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United States Interagency Elevation Inventory

Joint project of USGS, NOAA, and FEMA

http://www.csc.noaa.gov/inventory/#

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Alaska Mapping

Mapping Alaska at 1:24,000 (or 1:25,000) scaleState wide SPOT images (2.5 m resolution) are being acquiredStatewide IfSar at 5 m post spacing are being acquiredThe National Geospatial Program begins map production in FY

2013 (400 maps planned)Limited to producing maps where SPOT and IfSar are available

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Alaska Mapping ProblemsHydrography

Current National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) from1:63,360 scale cannot be used

Generate hydrography from IfSar; match to imagesTransportation

No current source; some availability from Census, Open Street Map, and commercial contract

Names – standard and variants; need sourcesBoundaries – multiple conflicting sourcesLand cover – from National Land Cover Dataset

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Maps and Analysis On Demand

Currently use 7.5 min quadranglesNeed to provide user any arbitrary area by name

(county for example), user specified area (polygon)Major shift to realtime processing of requested areasNot work with current production of over 100 maps per

day using GIS software

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Some Example Problems – Data Generation

Hydrography from IfSar and 3DEPIdentify geomorphic features for entire United States

from current NED or 3DEP when available and imagesOne possible approach: Use Ontology Design Patterns, geomorphic, and spectral signatures with neural net or other classifiersExample: craters

Preprocessing for generalization of hydrography and transportation

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Some Example Problems Data Conversion and Delivery

Massively parallel conversion of legacy geospatial databases to RDFExamples for automatic conversion that require high performance computing: NHD, NTD, NBD, NSD

Feature identification and conversion from raster datasets: elevation, imagery, land cover

Tile caching for viewerMoving data to cloud and delivery will be from there

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Some Example Problems – Science Applications

Extract hydrography from lidar in 3DEP; match to current NHD to find problems; add streams found from extraction that are not in current NHD: supports water modeling applications

Data integration of The National Map with other USGS nationwide datasetsMagnetic, gravity, and geologic data

Similar integration with water and biologic datasets

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Some Example Problems – Science Applications

Geospatial data integration for intermediate economic resiliency modelingIntegration of geospatial data and its derivatives with cultural,

transportation, infrastructure and economic data to model urban supply chains

Integration of natural hazard, meteorological, hydrologic data and natural disaster data of model optimizing the resiliency of supply chain elements

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Conclusions

USGS geospatial and map databases can benefit from CyberGIS for production applications

Potential for new science with cyberGIS using nationwide high resolution datasets processed as single units

U.S. Department of the InteriorU.S. Geological Survey

CyberGIS Progress and Perspectives in the Context of USGS

E. Lynn Usery

http://cegis.usgs.gov

usery@usgs.gov