Cyberspace and Social Computing

Jianhua Ma

MUSE Lab (Multimedia Ubiquitous Smart Environment)

Faculty of Computer and Information Sciences, Hosei University, Japan

URL: http://cis.k.hosei.ac.jp/~jianhua/

Cyber & Cyber Space

• Cyber

– Cyber first appeared in the word cybernetics, coined by Norbert Wiener in his book of that name in 1948. Wiener derived it from the Greek for steersman and the idea of control is central to it

• Cyber Space

– William Gibson is best known for using it in his 1984 novel Neuromancer, but actually invented it two years previously in a short story in Omni

– Its original sense in Neuromancer was of electronic space as perceived by what we would now call virtual reality: the brain and senses were directly linked with the world of computers and communications and so could experience it as an actual landscape

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberneticshttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neuromancer

– (Obama, 2009) The globally-interconnected

digital information and communications

infrastructure known as “cyberspace”

underpins almost every facet of modern

society and provides critical support for the

economy, civil infrastructure, public safety,

and national security

• Cyber Space (General IT-related definition)

– A global domain within the information

environment consisting of the interdependent

networks of information technology

infrastructures, including the Internet,

telecommunications networks, computer

systems, and embedded processors and

controllers common to global control and

communications

Cyber & Cyber Space (cont.)

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberspace

Computing on Cyber Space

• Internet/Web/Cyber Computing, Service Computing (SC)- Cross/Intersection of WbS, Semantic Web, P2P, Grid, EaaS, Cloud, etc.

Cloud

P2P Grid

Cyber Space

Computer/Internet/Web

SC - Service Computing

EaaS/Cloud

WbS

SmW

Cyber/Web Computing

e-Thing & e-Activity in Cyber World

In Cyber World on Cyber/Web spaces in digital/virtual form

Computers & Networks/Internet

Web, WbS, SmW, Grid, P2P, EaaS, Cloud

e-Thing

e-Activity

Cyber World Physical World

Physical Thing

Real Activity

Technology Trends and u-Things

Two Fundamental Technology Trends

Continuing miniaturization of devices (Moore’s law, new material, nanotech., …)

Available interconnections by ubiquitous/pervasive wired and wireless networks

u-Things: Physical things with some kind of Attachment, Embedment, Blending

– AEB of computers, sensors, tags, networks, and/or other devices

0.15x0.15 mm, Hitachi/06

Ubiquitous/Pervasive Networks

u-Things Internet/Web of Things

Ubiquitous/Pervasive Computing

u-Things in Physical/Real World

Physical World

u-Thing

Everyday Activity

Sensor/M/NEMS, Comps & Per. Nets

UC, ID, Context, Emb. Sys., etc.

In Real World on physical-cyber spaces in physical-digital form

e-Thing

e-Activity

Cyber World

Computers & Networks/Internet

WbS, SmW, Grid, P2P, EaaS, Cloud

Smart u-Things - Essential Elements in Smart World with u-Intelligence

Smart Object (Smart u-Object, Smartifact)- A physical object with AEB devices and some smartness/intelligence- Handheld, card, label, sensor, artifact, appliance, goods, furniture, textile, robot, ……

Smart Space/Environment (Smart u-Space/u-Environment)- A physical spatial environment integrating smart u-objects &/ usual devices- Smart u-Services via these objects/devices and their commun./cooperation

Smart System (Smart u-System)- May be a real system/network for management, monitoring, emergence, …- May be a platform or middleware for smart u-objects/environments/services

Ubicomp/Percomp Computing of Smart u-ThingsTowards a Smart World and Ubiquitous Intelligence, JPCC, 1(1) March 2005.

Smart u-Things – Challenging Real World Complexity, IPSJ Symp-S, No.19, 2005

1st Int’l Workshop on Ubiquitous Smart World (USW-05, Taiwan, March 2005)2nd Int’l Sym on Ubiquitous Intelligence & Smart World (UISW-05, JP, Dec. 2005)3rd Int’l Conf on Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing (UIC06, China), UIC07 (HK)

UIC08 (Norway), UIC09 (Australia), UIC10 (Xi’an)

Plant talks, IEEE Spectrum, May/09

Smart Grid, IEEE Spectrum, July/09

link/1-1-6-Ma2236.pdflink/Smart_u-things-2005.pdfusw05/index.htmuisw05/index.htmluic06/UIC-06.htmuic07/Welcome to UIC 2007.htmUbiPerCom/IEEE Spectrum New Device Lets Plants Talk.htmUbiPerCom/IEEE Spectrum Special Report The Smart Grid.htm

Relations of Computing and Worlds

Districomp

Webcomp

Mobicomp

Ubicomp

Cyber

World

Smart

World

Hyper World (HW)

in Hyper Space

(Percomp)

(IDC)

Virtual

Real

Smart e-Things

(CW, digital/virtual)

(SW, physical/real)

Smart u-Things

(Internet/Web of Things/Web3.0)

Smart Planet, IBM (2008)

Smart Ubiquitous Society (2009)

Found Workshop on Ubiquitous Smart Worlds in 2004

M. Weiser

T.B-LeeInform./Res. Sharing & Collaboration

Comp. Embedment & Context-aware

Co-found Int’l Conference on Cyber Worlds in 2002

Moving

ibm/IBM's vision of 'Smart Planet', expects sensors and software to launch era of Smart Infrastructure.htmuJapanNext/000025474.pdf

Hyperspace

• Cyber – computation, communication, and control that

are discrete, logical, and switched

• Physical – natural and human-made systems governed by

the laws of physics and operating in continuous time

• Social – socially produced space, serves as a tool of

thoughts, action, mind, sense, interaction,

communications, etc.

Hyperspace = Cyber Space + Physical Space + Social Space

Cyber space

Physical Space

Social Space

Cyber networks

Physical

networks

Social networks

Cyber Space

Physical Space

Social Space

Social networks

Physical

networks

Cyber networks

Social Comuting

(Internet of People)

u-Human-Computer

Interface (BCI)

U-Things

(Internet of Things)

u-systems/services

Pervasive/Ubiquitous Intelligence

(ubi-intelligence, u-intelligence)

+ Web/Cyber Intelligence

Hyperspace

Vehicles with

Sensors & Wireless

Hospital with

Embedded Monitoring

Robot Teams

Smart Public Space

Autonomous Wireless Clusters

(“ecosystems”)

Network Connectivity

& Computation

Autonomous software agents

Application Management & Control Software

Control Module

Control ModuleSocial Space

From Sensors

Virtualized physical

world object

Content & Location

Aware Routers

Computation

& StorageProtocol

module

Ambient interfaces

Cognitive Intelligence Module

Global Pervasive Network

(Future Internet)

Multiple radio standards,

Cognitive radios

Cyber Space

Physical Space

http://www.mpimf-heidelberg.mpg.de/bildobjekte/itGruppe/server/computeServer/01/Web_Zoom.jpg

Relations of Computing and Worlds

Districomp

Webcomp

Mobicomp

Ubicomp

Cyber

World

Smart

World

Hyper World

(Percomp)

(IDC)

Virtual

Real

Smart e-Things

(CW, digital/virtual)

(SW, physical/real)

Smart u-Things

Found Workshop on Ubiquitous Smart Worlds in 2004

Ubiquitous Intelligence & Computing (UIC) from 2006

M. Weiser

T.B-Lee

HW, hyper/hybrid

(Cyber+Phy+Social)

Inform./Res. Sharing & Collaboration

Comp. Embedment & Context-aware

Co-found Int’l Conference on Cyber Worlds in 2002

Wksp on Cyber Physical & Social Computing, 7/2009IEEE SocialCom, 8/2009IEEE/ACM CPSCom2010

Moving

The Cyber/Web is evolving to a social computing platform thatcan be viewed an ecosystem of social participation.

The value of this ecosystem will be typically created by theaggregation of many individual user contributions.

The Social Trend of Cyber/Web

Social Media/Space on Cyber/Web

Social software and social middleware are emerging rapidly,and play more and more important roles in connecting peoplefor their daily life and work.

Cyberspace and Social Space Converge

Cyberspace

Web Space

SocialComputing

Social Space

Human Space

Cyberspace increases the speed

and force of social change.

Social forces shape technologydevelopment and custom applications.

A social structure in which technology puts

power in individuals and communities, not

institutions

Social Computing (Wikipedia)

• Social computing is a general term for an area of computer science that is concerned with the intersection of social behavior and computational systems.

• (weaker sense) Social computing - supporting any sort of social behavior in or through computational systems. It is based on … use of software and technology. Thus, blogs, email, instant messaging, social network services, wikis, social bookmarking and other instances … called social software.

• (stronger sense) Social computing … supporting “computations” … by groups of people, … book “The Wisdom of Crowds”. Examples include collaborative filtering, online auctions, prediction markets, reputation systems, computational social choice, tagging, and verification games.

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social_computing

Social Computing (Wikipedia, cont.)

• Social computing begins with the observation that humans — and human behavior — are profoundly social. … people are remarkably sensitive to the behavior of those around them, and make countless decisions that are shaped by their social context.

• The premise of social computing is that it is possible to design digital systems that support useful functionality by making socially produced information available to their users.

• Definition - Social Computing refers to systems that support the gathering, representation, processing, use, and dissemination of information that is distributed across social collectivities such as teams, communities, organizations, and markets.

• Increasingly used in entertainment and

games.

• Typical systems ：

– Interactive ground projection system

– Wii games

– Interaction of tangible object

Social and Cyber Interactions

SNS Profiles: Dashboards for Social Life

Tweet Wheel• Tweet Wheel is a web-based visualization tool that shows your

twitter contacts in a circular manner. It also shows how your contacts are connected with each other.

http://www.tweetwheel.com/

My Real Social Graph is Much More Complex

Converge of Cyber, Physical & Social Spaces

Cyberspace

Web Space

Hyper Space

Social Space

Human Space

Physical Space

Real Space

Behavior Recognition

• Principle: continuously collecting data from micro accelerations which are carried with different parts of person, then using pattern recognition to identify user action.

• Sensors: carrying 5 accelerometers, where respectively locates at ankle, thigh, wrist, arm, waist.

• Experiment: recognizing 20 common activities in daily life

MIT Media Lab2004

• Typical Products

– Cell phones: iPhone (equipped with accelerometer , light intensity sensor, vicinity sensor)

– Game console sweeping the world : Nintendo Wii (equipped with accelerometer, infrared sensor)

• Principle: Using sensors (accelerometer, infrared sensor, light intensity sensor, Micro-gyroscope, pressure sensor and etc.) with pattern recognition technology to identify user activities

Activity Recognition

Mining Reality (Sensing Social Networks)

• Better Social Service (Prediction and Proactive Service)

– identify distinct classes of behaviors

– resource management, transportation, and public health

– used for recycling company

– traffic monitoring, accidents, emergency

– health checkup is magically scheduled just as you begin to get sick

– the bus comes just as you get to the bus stop, and there is never a line of waiting at city hall

• Company– building customer relationship,predicting consumer response

– Personalize recommendations and advertisements

• Personal Life– Where is everybody like me right now

– Hot spot in night life

Mapping the People

• Market forces have caused an explosion in the number of Internet connected

location-enabled devices:

– A government safety initiative, E-911, mandated that mobile phones must be

locatable in case of an emergency call

– Massive demand for navigation services and real-time traffic information

(Location data is everywhere. Cars, buses, taxis, mobile phones, cameras, and personal

navigation devices all beacon their locations thanks to network-connected positioning

technologies such as GPS, WiFi and cell tower triangulation.)

• understand and manage human groups, corporations, and entire societies;

mining studies of voice, communications, and mobility, patterns

One Day of Cell Tower IDsGROUP BEHAVIOR VISUALIZATION

Ibn Sina

Humanoid

Robots

Hyper World and Human

Hyperworld (1995)- “Hyperworld Modeling”, Keynote in VIS, Melbourne, Feb. 1996 (Kunii, Ma, Huang)- “Its basic characteristic is direct mapping between virtual and real worlds via

active devices including sensors, actuators, micro-machines, robots, etc.” - 1996- “A Study on a Hyperworld System of One-to-Many Interaction”, ICAI’97 (Weiser’s 1-to-m relationship)- “Towards Direct Mapping between Information Worlds and Real Worlds”, LNCS1306, 1997

Hyper World = Digital/Virtual Cyber World + Physical/Real Smart World

How about human and human’s existence in the hyper world?

Smart e-Thing

e-Service

Cyber World Smart World

Smart u-Thing

u-Service

Hyperworld

Cyber-Physical-Social Spaces

Web-Intelligence

WI

Brain Informatics

BI

Ubi-Intelligence

UI

Cyber Individual

CI

THANK YOU32