CYBORGA true revolution in human futuristic……!!!

Presented By- Swikruti Das(Production Engineering)Ragini Raj(Electrical and

Eelectronics Engineering)

Introduction to a cyborg-• In this presentation we basically want to throw light on how

exactly the cyborgdom is achieved and what are the future aspects and prospects?

• Are we witnessing a true revolution in human futuristic or is it going to be just a flight of fantasy?

• In the years ahead we will witness machines with intelligence more powerful than that of humans. This will mean that robots, not humans, make all the important decisions. It will be a robot dominated world with dire consequences for humankind. The question is - Is there an alternative way ahead?

What is a Cyborg?• A cyborg, short for "cybernetic organism", is a

being with both biological and artificial (e.g. electronic, mechanical or robotic) enhancements.

• The term was coined by Manfred E. Clynes and Nathan S. Kline in 1960 to refer to their conception of an enhanced human being who could survive in extra-terrestrial environments and the advantages of self regulating human-machine systems.

Applications in diferrent fields• In MedicineThere are two important and different types of cyborgs: the restorative and the enhanced. Restorative technologies "restore lost function, organs, and limbs". The key aspect of restorative cyborgization is the repair of broken or missing processes to revert to a healthy or average level of function. On the contrary, the enhanced cyborg "follows a principle, and it is the principle of optimal performance: maximising output (the information or modifications obtained) and minimising input(the energy expended in the process)". Thus, the enhanced cyborg intends to exceed normal processes or even gain new functions that were not originally present.Although prostheses in general supplement lost or damaged body parts with the integration of a mechanical artifice, bionic implants in medicine allow model organs or body parts to mimic the original function more closely

• Identity ReproductionThe celebrity is an example of the production of identity through technology. One's identity can be endlessly reproduced and distributed. One perfect moment can be stretched out over a long period of time.

• Celebrity as CyborgThe celebrity is the ultimate form of cyborg. It exists on an Actor Network of technosocial connections attached to a system of production, reproduction and distribution. The celebrity consists of a series of perfect moments augmented by makeup, lighting, and video that are expanded to take up space and time in the minds of consumers. Many celebrity networks are made up of many identity-producing agents, each having expertise in a specific area of identity production: hairstylists and producers, creative directors and billboard designers, agents, filmmakers and directors, advertisers and salespeople make up this network. The other part of the network is the viewer network, or fan network. The fans do not see the unprocessed human at any moment. Rather, they see the cybernetically produced product formatted specifically for their consumptive pleasure.

• In popular cultureCyborgs have become a well-known part of science fiction literature and other media. Although many of these characters may be technically androids, they are often referred to as cyborgs. Examples include RoboCop, Terminators.

• In the militaryMilitary organizations' research has recently focused on the utilisation of cyborg animals for the purposes of a supposed tactical advantage. DARPA has announced its interest in developing "cyborg insects" to transmit data from sensors implanted into the insect during the pupal stage. The insect's motion would be controlled from a Micro-Electro-Mechanical System (MEMS) and could conceivably survey an environment or detect explosives and gas. Similarly, DARPA is developing a neural implant to remotely control the movement of sharks. The shark's unique senses would then be exploited to provide data feedback in relation to enemy ship movement or underwater explosives.The initial success of the techniques has resulted in increased research and the creation of a program called Hybrid-Insect-MEMS, HI-MEMS. Its goal, according to DARPA’s Microsystems Technology Office, is to develop "tightly coupled machine-insect interfaces by placing micro-mechanical systems inside the insects during the early stages of metamorphosis 

• In ArtWafaa Bilal is an Iraqi-American performance artist who had a small 10 megapixel digital camera surgically implanted into the back of his head,Bilal says that the reason why he put the camera in the back of the head was to make an "allegorical statement about the things we don't see and leave behindMachines are becoming more ubiquitous in the artistic process itself, with computerized drawing pads replacing pen and paper, and drum machines becoming nearly as popular as human drummers. This is perhaps most notable in generative art and music.

• In body modificationAs medical technology becomes more advanced, some techniques and innovations are adopted by the body modification community. , technological developments like implantable silicon silk electronics, augmented reality and QR codes are bridging the disconnect between technology and the body

Advantages• Cyborg is a Cybernetic Organism, part human part

machine; it thrives on the inputs both from the living senses and from the machine interface, which acts as an enhancement module.

• Harnesses the ever increasing abilities of machine intelligence, to enable extra sensory input and to communicate in a much richer way, using thought alone.

• Supplements lost or damaged body parts with the integration of a mechanical artifice.

• Bionic implants in medicine allow model organs or body parts to mimic the original function more closely..

Lacunas• Donna Haraway's cyborg is an attempt to break away from Oedipal

narratives and Christian origin doctrines like Genesis; the concept of the cyborg is a rejection of rigid boundaries, notably those separating "human" from "animal" and "human" from "machine."

• In the Cyborg Manifesto, she writes: "The cyborg does not dream of community on the model of the organic family, this time without the oedipal project. The cyborg would not recognize the Garden of Eden; it is not made of mud and cannot dream of returning to dust.

• Collapse of several dichotomies: life/death, artificial/natural, virtual/real, male/female, space/place, human/animal/computer, and the like.

• Heightened dependence on the technology.• Maintenance of the cyborg device.• Appearance issues.

Real life examples• In 2002, Canadian Jens Naumann, also blinded in adulthood, became the first

in a series of 16 paying patients to receive Dobelle’s second generation implant, marking one of the earliest commercial uses of BCIs. The second generation device used a more sophisticated implant enabling better mapping of phosphenes into coherent vision. Phosphenes are spread out across the visual field in what researchers call the starry-night effect. Immediately after his implant, Jens was able to use his imperfectly restored vision to drive slowly around the parking area of the research institute.

• In 2002, under the heading Project Cyborg, a British scientist, Kevin Warwick, had an array of 100 electrodes fired in to his nervous system in order to link his nervous system into the Internet. With this in place he successfully carried out a series of experiments including extending his nervous system over the Internet to control a robotic hand, a loudspeaker and amplifier. This is a form of extended sensory input and the first direct electronic communication

between the nervous systems of two humans.

Jens Naumann being interviewed for his vision BCI on CBN The

Early Show.

In 2004, under the heading Bridging the Island of the Colorblind Project, a British and completely color-blind artist, Neil Harbisson, started wearing an eyeborg on his head in order to hear colors. His prosthetic device was included within his 2004 passport photograph which has been claimed to confirm his cyborg status. In 2012 at TEDGlobal, Harbisson explained that he didn't feel like a cyborg when he started to use the eyeborg, he started to feel like a cyborg when he noticed that the software and his brain had united and given him an extra sense.

Neil Harbisson is sometimes clamied to be a cyborg.

Dr. Steve Mann, Canadian technologist and teacher, is a living laboratory for the cyborg life-style. He is one of the leaders in WearComp (wearable computing) and helped found the Wearable Computers group at the MIT Media Lab

Present researches • A brain-computer interface, or BCI, provides a direct path of

communication from the brain to an external device, effectively creating a cyborg. Research of Invasive BCIs, which utilize electrodes implanted directly into the grey matter of the brain, has focused on restoring damaged eyesight in the blind and providing functionality to paralyzed people, most notably those with severe cases, such as Locked-In syndrome. This technology could enable people who are missing a limb or are in a wheelchair the power to control the devices that aide them through neural signals sent from the brain implants directly to computers or the devices. It is possible that this technology will also eventually be used with healthy people.

• In current prosthetic applications, the C-Leg system developed by Otto Bock HealthCare is used to replace a human leg that has been amputated because of injury or illness. The use of sensors in the artificial C-Leg aids in walking significantly by attempting to replicate the user's natural gait, as it would be prior to amputation. Prostheses like the C-Leg and the more advanced iLimb are considered by some to be the first real steps towards the next generation of real-world cyborg applications.

Breaking down binaries• Human/

nonhuman• Culture/nature• Male/female• Technology/

biology• Divine /man

made• Reality/

representation• Subject/ object

Vs.

Conclusion• Days have come to witness hybrids of machine and organism, a

creature of social reality as well as a creature of fiction.• People are rapidly shifting from the stereotyped views to acquire a

state of trans-human and next the superhuman.• The ethics and desirability of "enhancement prosthetics" have

been debated; their proponents include the trans-humanist movement, with its belief that new technologies can assist the human race in developing beyond its present, normative limitations such as aging and disease, as well as other, more general incapacities, such as limitations on speed, strength, endurance, and intelligence.

• Opponents of the concept describe what they believe to be biases which propel the development and acceptance of such technologies; namely, a bias towards functionality and efficiency that may compel assent to a view of human people which de-emphasizes as defining characteristics actual manifestations of humanity and personhood, in favour of definition in terms of upgrades, versions, and utility.

Thank You…!!