CYBORG

Contents

1. What is a Cyborg?

2. Brief Introduction

3. History

4. Cyborg model and structure

5. Science Fiction movie examples of Cyborgs

6. Real world examples of Cyborgs

7. Applications

8. Conclusion

9. References

WHAT IS A CYBORG?

cyborgˈsʌɪbɔːɡ/

noun

a person whose physical abilities are extended beyond normal human limitations by mechanical elements

built into the body.

In other terms,

A Cyborg is a cybernetic organism, part human part machine; it thrives on the inputs both from the living senses and

from the machine interface, which acts as an enhancement module.

BRIEF INTRODUCTION

One thing makes today's cyborg fundamentally different from its mechanical ancestors - Information. Cyborgs are information

machines.

Cyborg intelligence is dedicated to integrating AI with biological intelligence by tightly connecting machines and biological

beings, for example, via brain-machine interfaces (BMIs).

BMI’s operate at the nexus of thought and action, exploiting the brain’s electrical signals to maneuver external machine

actuators and feeding the machine-coded neural information back to the brain to regulate the brain’s behaviors.

HISTORY

1950 1953 1958 1960

Worlds first cyborgA rat, fitted with a tiny osmotic

pump in Rockland State Hospital,

NY,USA

Heart PacemakerA 43-year-old man received the

first heart pacemaker implant

Heart Lung Machine

A heart-lung machine was used to

control the blood circulation of an

18-year-old girl during an operation

Insulin DripsInsulin drips had been used to

regulate the metabolisms of

diabetics

First CoinedThe term “cyborg” was first coined

by NASA scientists, Nathan Kline

and Manfred Clynes in 1960.

ROBOTS vs. CYBORG’S

• A robot doesn't necessarily have to resemble ahuman.

• It can be in the shape of a dog, or one of thosegiant arms in a car factory.

•Cyborgs are beings that are part mechanical and part organic.

•It can be anyone whose body relies on a form of machinery in

order to survive - such as a pacemaker or an insulin pump - to be

a cyborg.

Cognitive Science

Information Technology

Nanotechnology

Netherlands Bio-Informatics Center (NBIC) introduced tetrahedron shown in figure below in the exploratory research on human performance represented through:

CYBORG MODEL AND STRUCTURE

Bio Technology

Synergy between humans and cyborgs:

The figure shows how humans and cyborg devices can interact converting different signals.

INTERACTION IN A NUTSHELL

• Models administered through complex data management

influence the analytics on the human performance due to

the fact that the investigation on the human actions is

incredibly complex.

• These include conceptual, statistics based predictive

models, predictive models based on cause and effect, and

data models shown in figure below.

MODELS

APPLICATIONS

In Body modifications:

As medical technology

becomes more advanced,

some techniques and

innovations are adopted

by the body modification

community. Machines

can be created to

replace missing or

disabled body parts.

In the Space:

Sending humans to space is a dangerous task in

which the implementation of various cyborg

technologies could be used in the future for risk

mitigation. Cyborgs can be sent into space which

can be controlled by human brains at the base

station.

In the military:

Military organizations' research has recently

focused on the utilization of cyborg animals

or humans for the purposes of a supposed

tactical advantage. The cyborgs can be used

to develop advanced body armors, detect

explosives etc.

In medicine:

In medicine, there are two important and different types of cyborgs: the Restorative and the Enhanced. Restorative technologies "restore lost function, organs, and limbs“ and the Enhanced cyborg intends to exceed normal processes or even gain new functions that were not originally present.

DISADVANTAGESADVANTAGES

• Long life of the mechanical parts, compared to biological parts.

• Gives a part of the body back

• Improves the quality of life

• Expensive

• Cyborg have no problem thinking of the world around

them in wider dimensions (multiple) where as

human beings are more restricted in that sense.

SCI-FI MOVIE EXAMPLES OF CYBORGS

TERMINATOR IRON MANROBOCOP THE DARK KNIGHT

REAL WORLD EXAMPLES OF CYBORGS

NIGEL ACKLAND JENS NAUMANN NIEL HARBISSON STEPHEN HAWKING

After losing part of his arm during an

accident at work, Nigel Ackland got an

upgrade.

His incredibly advanced robotic prosthetic

hand might be the closest thing to “The

Terminator” that exists today.

After a pair of horrific accidents, Jens

Naumann was struck blind in both

eyes.

That dream became a reality when,

in 2002, Naumann became the first

person in the world to receive an

artificial vision system.

His electronic eye is connected

directly to his visual cortex through

brain implants.

.

Although artist Neil Harbisson was

born with achromatopsia, or extreme

colorblindness he is now capable of

experiencing colors beyond the

scope of normal human perception.

Harbisson is equipped with a

specialized electronic eye, or

eyeborg, which renders perceived

colors as sounds on the musical

scale. .

Hawking has a rare early-onset slow-

progressing form of amyotrophic lateral

sclerosis (ALS), also known as motor

neurone disease or Lou Gehrig's disease,

that has gradually paralysed him over the

decades.

He is equipped with a machine which

communicates with movements of his

cheek muscles.

.

VIDEO DEMONSTRATION

NIGEL ACKLAND HUGH HERR

• Cybernetics does hold a promise of taking human existence to a very different plane of consciousness.

• Cybernetics is a new domain of engineering and is moving forward at a fast pace where engineers are working on building

better and safer cyborg technologies.

• Cyborgs are being integrated in medical and military field are proving to be extremely helpful for the disabled.

• We are eventually moving towards a faster, better and a greener future.

CONCLUSION

[1] Norbert Wiener, Donna Haraway. Cybernetics and Society-A Literature Survey. Free Association Books: London, 1989.

[2] W. Ross Ashby. An Introduction to Cybernetics. Chapman & Hall Ltd.: London, 1999.

[3] Cheng Hsu. Cyborg Intelligence-Brain Machine Interfaces(BMI),Neuromorphic Computing. World Scientific Publishing:

Singapore, 2009, pp.75–116.

[4] N Katherine Hayles. How We Become Posthuman – Virtual Bodies in Cybernetics, Literature, and Informatics. The

University of Chicago Press: Chicago, 1999, pp. 247-256.

[5] Manfred E. Clynes and Nathan S. Kline. Cyborgs and Space. Astronautics, 1960.

REFERENCES

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