Cycles™

t y p e s p e c i m e n

Z

t e x t s i z e s

Cycles Eleven

Cycles Nine

Cycles Seven

Cycles Five

d i s p lay s i z e s

Cycles Eighteen

Cycles Twenty-four

Cycles Thirty-six

Bjuglans press

rumsey, california

2006

contents

Acknowledgements

Introduction 4

cyclestextsizesspecimens 5

cyclestextsizescomparisons 31

cyclestextsizesfeatures 36

cyclesdisplaysizesspecimens 37

notes 47

Genealogy 48

Bibliography 49

Publications 50

AcknowledGements

thecyclespilgrimagehashadthreewisetypographerguides—Jackstau∂acher,chuckByrne,andAlvineisenman.theyhavemy deepest gratitude, and for his godfather-like support ofcycles,aspecialwordofthankstoJack.Alsomanythankstothecycles users, supporters, and commentators:Henrik Birkvig,max caflisch, cope cumpston, Robert dalrymple, charlesellertson,lanceHidy,michaelkeller,cameronPoulter,thelateJamesRobertson,christopherstinehour,kinasullivan,laurieszujewska,Billtroop,andBrianwu.Ithankallthosewhohaveparticatedindiscussionsabouttabularfiguresandthelike,andthosetypographerswhohavesentmetheirworkusingcycles.seeingbooksmadewiththetypefaceshasbeenaninspiration.

4

IntRoductIon

Intypographythereisafundamentalrelationshipbetweenthephysicalimageofthetextandthevisualapparatusofthereader.πFor 2600 years ofmaking and re-making, the breeding of theRomanletterhasbeenunderway.traditionaltypesizesaretheproductofa lengthyaccumulationofhumanattention. likeastar crystallized out of the heavens, like a species of creature,eachsizeoftypeisrelativelyabsolute.Itrepresentsareduction,acookingdownofthereadingandwritingexperienceofmanygenerations. cycles’ sizes follow in this tradition, a traditionwhichhasatitsbaseanunwaveringdevotiontothelegibilityofthetext.

cyclesfive

cyclesseven

cyclesnine

cycleseleven

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cycleseighteen

cyclestwenty-four

cyclesthirty-six

Sumner Stone

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cycles text s I zes

s Pec Imens

cycleseleven

cyclesnine

cyclesseven

cyclesFive

5

cycles eleven

sPec Imen

6

cIceRoagainstverres

Judges,at thisgravecrisisinthehistoryofourcountry,youhavebeeno∂eredapeculiarlydesirablegift,agiftalmosttooopportunetobeofhumanorigin:italmostseemsheaven-sent.Foryouhavebeengivenauniquechancetomakeyoursenatorialorderlessunpopular,andtosetrightthedamagedreputationofthesecourts.Abeliefhastakenrootwhichishavingafatale∂ectonournation–andwhichtouswhoaresenators,inparticular,threatensgraveperil.thisbeliefisoneveryone’stongue,atRomeandeveninforeigncountries.Itisthis:thatinthesecourts,withtheirpresentmembership,eventheworstcriminalwillneverbeconvictedprovidedthathehasmoney.that,then,isthedangerouscrisiswithwhichyourorder

andyourcourtsarefaced.speecheshavebeenprepared,lawsdrafted,withthepurposeofinflamingstillfurtherthishatredthatalreadyragesagainstthesenate.AndatthisveryjunctureGaiusverres1hasbeenbroughttotrial.Hereisamanwhoselifeandactionstheworldhasalreadycondemned–yetwhoseenormousfortune,accordingtohisownloudlyexpressedhopes,hasalreadybroughthimacquittal!I,gentlemen,amhisprosecutor,andthepeopleofRomearestronglyandconfidentlyonmyside.toincreasetheunpopularityofyourorderisveryfarfrommyintention.onthecontrary,Iameagertoremoveyourbadreputation–whichisasmuchmineasyours.AndthedefendantwhomIamprosecuting,beingthemanheis,providesyouwithyouropportunitytorecoverthelostprestigeofthesecourtsandtoregainthefavourofRomansandtheoutsideworldalike.verreshassackedthetreasury.HehasdevastatedAsiaand

Pamphylia.Histenureofthecity-praetorshipwasarecordofrobberies;andtheprovinceofsicilyfoundhimanannihilatingpestilence.Pronounceajustandscrupulousverdictagainstverres,andyouwillkeepthegoodnamewhichoughtalwaystobeyours.letusimagine,ontheotherhand,thathisgreatwealthsucceedsinunderminingtheconscienceandhonestyofthejudges.well,eventhenIshallaccomplishonething.Forthegeneralconclusionwillnotbethatthejudgesfailedtofindaguiltydefendant–orthatthedefendantlackedacompetentprosecutor.onthecontrary:thedeductionwillbethattherearenogoodjudgesintheland. 11/14 Cycles Eleven

7

cIceRoagainstverres

Judges, at this grave crisis in the history of our country, youhave been o∂ered a peculiarly desirable gift, a gift almost tooopportune to be of human origin: it almost seems heaven-sent. For you have been given a unique chance to make your Senatorial Order less unpopular, and to set right the damaged reputation of these courts. A belief has taken root which is having a fatal e∂ect on our nation – and which to us who are Senators, inparticular, threatens grave peril. This belief is on everyone’s tongue, at Rome and even in foreign countries. It is this: that in these courts, with their present membership, even the worst criminal will never be convicted provided that he has money.

That, then, is the dangerous crisis with which your Order and your courts are faced. Speeches have been prepared, laws drafted, with the purpose of inflaming still further this hatred that already rages against the Senate. And at this very juncture Gaius Verres1 has been brought to trial. Here is a man whose life and actions the world has already condemned – yet whose enormous fortune, according to his own loudly expressed hopes, has already brought him acquittal! I, gentlemen, am his prosecutor, and the people of Rome are strongly and confidently on my side. To increase the unpopularity of your Order is very far from my intention. On the contrary, I am eager to remove your bad reputation – which is as much mine as yours. Andthe defendant whom I am prosecuting, being the man he is,provides you with your opportunity to recover the lost prestige of these courts and to regain the favour of Romans and theoutside world alike.

Verres has sacked the Treasury. He has devastated Asia and Pamphylia. His tenure of the city-praetorship was a record of robberies; and the province of Sicily found him an annihilating pestilence. Pronounce a just and scrupulous verdict against Verres, and you will keep the good name which ought always to be yours. Let us imagine, on the other hand, that his great wealth succeeds in undermining the conscience and honesty of the judges. Well, even then I shall accomplish one thing. For thegeneral conclusion will not be that the judges failed to find a guilty defendant – or that the defendant lacked a competent prosecutor.On the contrary: the deduction will be that there are no good judges in the land. 11/14 Cycles Eleven Italic

8

C i C e roagainstverres

Judges, at this grave crisis in the history of our country, youhave been o∂ered a peculiarly desirable gift, a gift almost tooopportune to be of human origin: it almost seems heaven-sent. For you have been given a unique chance to make your Senatorial order less unpopular, and to set right the damaged reputation of these courts. A belief has taken root which is having a fatal e∂ect on our nation – and which to us who are Senators, inparticular, threatens grave peril. This belief is on everyone’s tongue, at rome and even in foreign countries. it is this: that in these courts, with their present membership, even the worst criminal will never be convicted provided that he has money.

That, then, is the dangerous crisis with which your order and your courts are faced. Speeches have been prepared, laws drafted, with the purpose of inflaming still further this hatred that already rages against the Senate. And at this very juncture Gaius Verres1 has been brought to trial. Here is a man whose life and actions the world has already condemned – yet whose enormous fortune, according to his own loudly expressed hopes, has already brought him acquittal! i, gentlemen, am his prosecutor, and the people of rome are strongly and confidently on my side. To increase the unpopularity of your order is very far from my intention. on the contrary, i am eager to remove your bad reputation – which is as much mine as yours. Andthe defendant whom i am prosecuting, being the man he is,provides you with your opportunity to recover the lost prestige of these courts and to regain the favour of romans and theoutside world alike.

Verres has sacked the Treasury. He has devastated Asia and Pamphylia. His tenure of the city-praetorship was a record of robberies; and the province of Sicily found him an annihilating pestilence. Pronounce a just and scrupulous verdict against Verres, and you will keep the good name which ought always to be yours. Let us imagine, on the other hand, that his great wealth succeeds in undermining the conscience and honesty of the judges. Well, even then i shall accomplish one thing. For thegeneral conclusion will not be that the judges failed to find a guilty defendant – or that the defendant lacked a competent prosecutor.on the contrary: the deduction will be that there are no good judges in the land. 11/14 Cycles Eleven Semibold

9

commentaryoncicero

whiletheprovincialgovernorregardeditasaperquisiteofhiso∑cetodespoilhisprovince,itscompleteexploita-tionwasduetothesystemwhichplacedthecollectionofprovincialtaxesinthehandsofprivateindividuals.thefinanciersandbusinessmen,whoconstitutedtheequestrianorder,securedatanauctionheldinRometherighttofarmthetaxesofAsia;andthelargesta∂ofagentsmaintainedforthepurposeintheprovince,whilesupportedbyalltheresourcesofRome,wereresponsibleonlytothe“company”whichemployedthem.The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.2

10/13 Cycles Eleven, Italic, Small Caps

whiletheprovincialgovernorregardeditasaper-quisiteofhiso∑cetodespoilhisprovince,itscompleteexploita-tionwasduetothesystemwhichplacedthecollectionofprovin-cialtaxesinthehandsofprivateindividuals.thefinanciersandbusinessmen,whoconstitutedtheequestrianorder,securedatanauctionheldinRometherighttofarmthetaxesofAsia;andthelargesta∂ofagentsmaintainedforthepurposeintheprovince,whilesupportedbyalltheresourcesofRome,wereresponsibleonlytothe“company”whichemployedthem.The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provin-cials.210.5/13.5 Cycles Eleven, Italic, Small Caps

whiletheprovincialgovernorregardeditasaperquisiteofhiso∑cetodespoilhisprovince,itscompleteexploitationwasduetothesystemwhichplacedthecollec-tionofprovincialtaxesinthehandsofprivateindividuals.thefinanciersandbusinessmen,whoconstitutedtheequestrianorder,securedatanauctionheldinRometherighttofarmthetaxesofAsia;andthelargesta∂ofagentsmaintainedforthepurposeintheprovince,whilesupportedbyalltheresourcesofRome,wereresponsibleonlytothe“company”whichemployedthem.The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.211/14 Cycles Eleven, Italic, Small Caps

10

commentaryoncicero

whiletheprovincialgovernorregardeditasaperquisiteofhiso∑cetodespoilhisprovince,itscompleteexploitationwasduetothesystemwhichplacedthecollec-tionofprovincialtaxesinthehandsofprivateindividuals.thefinanciersandbusinessmen,whoconstitutedtheequestrianorder,securedatanauctionheldinRometherighttofarmthetaxesofAsia;andthelargesta∂ofagentsmaintainedforthepurposeintheprovince,whilesupportedbyalltheresourcesofRome,wereresponsibleonlytothe“company”whichemployedthem.The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.2

11/14 Cycles Eleven, Italic, Small Caps

whiletheprovincialgovernorregardeditasaperquisiteofhiso∑cetodespoilhisprovince,itscompleteexploitationwasduetothesystemwhichplacedthecol-lectionofprovincialtaxesinthehandsofprivateindividu-als.thefinanciersandbusinessmen,whoconstitutedtheequestrianorder,securedatanauctionheldinRometherighttofarmthetaxesofAsia;andthelargesta∂ofagentsmaintainedforthepurposeintheprovince,whilesupportedbyalltheresourcesofRome,wereresponsibleonlytothe“company”whichemployedthem.The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.211.5/14.5 Cycles Eleven, Italic, Small Caps

whiletheprovincialgovernorregardeditasaperquisiteofhiso∑cetodespoilhisprovince,itscom-pleteexploitationwasduetothesystemwhichplacedthecollectionofprovincialtaxesinthehandsofprivateindi-viduals.thefinanciersandbusinessmen,whoconstitutedtheequestrianorder,securedatanauctionheldinRometherighttofarmthetaxesofAsia;andthelargesta∂ofagentsmaintainedforthepurposeintheprovince,whilesupportedbyalltheresourcesofRome,wereresponsibleonlytothe“company”whichemployedthem.The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.212/15 Cycles Eleven, Italic, Small Caps

11

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cycles n Ine

sPec Imen

13

C i C E roagainst verres

Judges, at this grave crisis in the history of our country, youhave been o∂ered a peculiarly desirable gift, a gift almost tooopportune to be of human origin: it almost seems heaven-sent. For you have been given a unique chance to make your Senatorial Order less unpopular, and to set right the damaged reputation of these courts. A belief has taken root which is having a fatal e∂ect on our nation – and which to us who are Senators, inparticular, threatens grave peril. This belief is on everyone’s tongue, at Rome and even in foreign countries. It is this: that in these courts, with their present membership, even the worst criminal will never be convicted provided that he has money.

That, then, is the dangerous crisis with which your order and your courts are faced. Speeches have been prepared, laws drafted, with the purpose of inflaming still further this hatred that already rages against the Senate. And at this very juncture Gaius Verres has been brought to trial. Here is a man whose life and actions the world has already condemned – yet whose enormous fortune, according to his own loudly expressed hopes, has already brought him acquittal! I, gentlemen, am his prosecutor, and the people of Rome are strongly and confidently on my side. To increase the unpopularity of your Order is very far from my intention. On the contrary, I am eager to remove your bad reputation – which is as much mine as yours. Andthe defendant whom I am prosecuting, being the man he is,provides you with your opportunity to recover the lost prestige of these courts and to regain the favour of Romans and theoutside world alike.

Verres has sacked the Treasury. He has devastated Asia and Pamphylia. His tenure of the city-praetorship was a record of robberies; and the province of Sicily found him an annihilating pestilence. Pronounce a just and scrupulous verdict against Verres, and you will keep the good name which ought always to be yours. Let us imagine, on the other hand, that his great wealth succeeds in undermining the conscience and honesty of the judges. Well, even then I shall accomplish one thing. For thegeneral conclusion will not be that the judges failed to find a guilty defendant – or that the defendant lacked a competent prosecutor.On the contrary: the deduction will be that there are no good judgesintheland. 9/12 Cycles Nine

14

C i C E roagainst verres

Judges, at this grave crisis in the history of our country, youhave been o∂ered a peculiarly desirable gift, a gift almost tooopportune to be of human origin: it almost seems heaven-sent. For you have been given a unique chance to make your Senatorial Order less unpopular, and to set right the damaged reputation of these courts. A belief has taken root which is having a fatal e∂ect on our nation – and which to us who are Senators, inparticular, threatens grave peril. This belief is on everyone’s tongue, at Rome and even in foreign countries. It is this: that in these courts, with their present membership, even the worst criminal will never be convicted provided that he has money.

That, then, is the dangerous crisis with which your Order and your courts are faced. Speeches have been prepared, laws drafted, with the purpose of inflaming still further this hatred that already rages against the Senate. And at this very juncture Gaius Verres has been brought to trial. Here is a man whose life and actions the world has already condemned – yet whose enormous fortune, according to his own loudly expressed hopes, has already brought him acquittal! I, gentlemen, am his prosecutor, and the people of Rome are strongly and confidently on my side. To increase the unpopularity of your Order is very far from my intention. On the contrary, I am eager to remove your bad reputation – which is as much mine as yours. Andthe defendant whom I am prosecuting, being the man he is,provides you with your opportunity to recover the lost prestige of these courts and to regain the favour of Romans and theoutside world alike.

Verres has sacked the Treasury. He has devastated Asia and Pamphylia. His tenure of the city-praetorship was a record of robberies; and the province of Sicily found him an annihilating pestilence. Pronounce a just and scrupulous verdict against Verres, and you will keep the good name which ought always to be yours. Let us imagine, on the other hand, that his great wealth succeeds in undermining the conscience and honesty of the judges. Well, even then I shall accomplish one thing. For thegeneral conclusion will not be that the judges failed to find a guilty defendant – or that the defendant lacked a competent prosecutor.On the contrary: the deduction will be that there are no good judges in the land. 9/12 Cycles Nine Italic

15

C i C e roagainst verres

Judges, at this grave crisis in the history of our country, youhave been o∂ered a peculiarly desirable gift, a gift almost tooopportune to be of human origin: it almost seems heaven-sent. For you have been given a unique chance to make your Senatorial Order less unpopular, and to set right the damaged reputation of these courts. A belief has taken root which is having a fatal e∂ect on our nation – and which to us who are Senators, inparticular, threatens grave peril. This belief is on everyone’s tongue, at Rome and even in foreign countries. It is this: that in these courts, with their present membership, even the worst criminal will never be convicted provided that he has money.

That, then, is the dangerous crisis with which your Order and your courts are faced. Speeches have been prepared, laws drafted, with the purpose of inflaming still further this hatred that already rages against the Senate. And at this very juncture Gaius Verres has been brought to trial. Here is a man whose life and actions the world has already condemned – yet whose enormous fortune, according to his own loudly expressed hopes, has already brought him acquittal! I, gentlemen, am his prosecutor, and the people of Rome are strongly and confidently on my side. To increase the unpopularity of your Order is very far from my intention. On the contrary, I am eager to remove your bad reputation – which is as much mine as yours. Andthe defendant whom I am prosecuting, being the man he is,provides you with your opportunity to recover the lost prestige of these courts and to regain the favour of Romans and theoutside world alike.

Verres has sacked the Treasury. He has devastated Asia and Pamphylia. His tenure of the city-praetorship was a record of robberies; and the province of Sicily found him an annihilating pestilence. Pronounce a just and scrupulous verdict against Verres, and you will keep the good name which ought always to be yours. Let us imagine, on the other hand, that his great wealth succeeds in undermining the conscience and honesty of the judges. Well, even then I shall accomplish one thing. For thegeneral conclusion will not be that the judges failed to find a guilty defendant – or that the defendant lacked a competent prosecutor.On the contrary: the deduction will be that there are no good judges in the land. 9/12 Cycles Nine Semibold

16

c O m m e n TA Ry O n c I c e RO

while the provincial governor regarded it as a perquisite of his o∑ce to despoil his province, its complete exploitation was due to the system which placed the collection of provincial taxes in the hands of private individuals. The financiers and business men, who constituted the equestrian order, secured at an auction held in Rome the right to farm the taxes of Asia; and the large sta∂ of agents maintained for the purpose in the province, while supported by all the resources of Rome, were respon-sible only to the “company” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.28/10.5 Cycles Nine, Italic, Small Caps

whiletheprovincialgovernorregardeditasaperquisite of his o∑ce to despoil his province, its complete exploita-tion was due to the system which placed the collection of provincial taxes in the hands of private individuals. The financiers and business men, who constituted the equestrian order, secured at an auction held in Rome the right to farm the taxes of Asia; and the large sta∂ of agents maintained for the purpose in the province, while supported by all the resources of Rome, were responsible only to the “company” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.28.5/11 Cycles Nine, Italic, Small Caps

whiletheprovincialgovernorregardeditasa perqui-site of his o∑ce to despoil his province, its complete exploitation was due to the system which placed the collection of provincial taxes in the hands of private individuals. The financiers and busi-ness men, who constituted the equestrian order, secured at an auction held in Rome the right to farm the taxes of Asia; and the large sta∂ of agents maintained for the purpose in the province, while supported by all the resources of Rome, were responsible only to the “company” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provin-cials.29/11.5 Cycles Nine, Italic, Small Caps

17

c o m m e n ta ry o n c i c e ro

while the provincial governor regarded it as a per-quisite of his o∑ce to despoil his province, its complete ex-ploita-tion was due to the system which placed the collection of provin-cial taxes in the hands of private individuals. The financiers and business men, who constituted the equestrian order, secured at an auction held in Rome the right to farm the taxes of Asia; and the large sta∂ of agents maintained for the purpose in the province, while supported by all the resources of Rome, were responsible only to the “company” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provin-cials.2

9/12 Cycles Nine, Italic, Small Caps

while the provincial governor regarded it as a perquisite of his o∑ce to despoil his province, its complete exploitation was due to the system which placed the collec-tion of provincial taxes in the hands of private individuals. The financiers and business men, who constituted the equestrian order, secured at an auction held in Rome the right to farm the taxes of Asia; and the large sta∂ of agents maintained for the purpose in the province, while supported by all the resources of Rome, were responsible only to the “company” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.29.5/12.5 Cycles Nine, Italic, Small Caps

while the provincial governor regarded it as aperquisite of his o∑ce to despoil his province, its complete exploitation was due to the system which placed the col-lection of provincial taxes in the hands of private individu-als. The financiers and business men, who constituted the equestrian order, secured at an auction held in Rome the right to farm the taxes of Asia; and the large sta∂ of agents maintained for the purpose in the province, while sup-ported by all the resources of Rome, were responsible only to the “company” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.210/13 Cycles Nine, Italic, Small Caps

18

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19

cycles seven

sPec Imen

20

C i C e ro

Ag A i n s t V e r r e s

Judges, at this grave crisis in the history of our country, youhave been o∂ered a peculiarly desirable gift, a gift almost tooopportune to be of human origin: it almost seems heaven-sent. For you have been given a unique chance to make your senatorial order less unpopular, and to set right the damaged reputation of these courts. A belief has taken root which is having a fatal e∂ect on our nation – and which to us who are senators, inparticular, threatens grave peril. this belief is on everyone’s tongue, at rome and even in foreign countries. it is this: that in these courts, with their present membership, even the worst criminal will never be convicted provided that he has money.

that, then, is the dangerous crisis with which your order and your courts are faced. speeches have been prepared, laws drafted, with the purpose of inflaming still further this hatred that already rages against the senate. And at this very juncture gaius Verres has been brought to trial. Here is a man whose life and actions the world has already condemned – yet whose enormous fortune, according to his own loudly expressed hopes, has already brought him acquittal! i, gentlemen, am his prosecutor, and the people of rome are strongly and confidently on my side. to increase the unpopularity of your order is very far from my intention. on the contrary, i am eager to remove your bad reputation – which is as much mine as yours. Andthe defendant whom i am prosecuting, being the man he is,provides you with your opportunity to recover the lost prestige of these courts and to regain the favour of romans and theoutside world alike.

Verres has sacked the treasury. He has devastated Asia and Pamphylia. His tenure of the city-praetorship was a record of robberies; and the province of sicily found him an annihilating pestilence. Pronounce a just and scrupulous verdict against Verres, and you will keep the good name which ought always to be yours. Let us imagine, on the other hand, that his great wealth succeeds in undermining the conscience and honesty of the judges. Well, even then i shall accomplish one thing. For thegeneral conclusion will not be that the judges failed to find a guilty defendant – or that the defendant lacked a competent prosecutor.on the contrary: the deduction will be that there are no good judges in the land. 7/10 Cycles Seven

21

C i C e ro

Ag A i n s t V e r r e s

Judges, at this grave crisis in the history of our country, youhave been o∂ered a peculiarly desirable gift, a gift almost tooopportune to be of human origin: it almost seems heaven-sent. For you have been given a unique chance to make your Senatorial Order less unpopular, and to set right the damaged reputation of these courts. A belief has taken root which is having a fatal e∂ect on our nation – and which to us who are Senators, inparticular, threatens grave peril. This belief is on everyone’s tongue, at Rome and even in foreign countries. It is this: that in these courts, with their present membership, even the worst criminal will never be convicted provided that he has money.

That, then, is the dangerous crisis with which your Order and your courts are faced. Speeches have been prepared, laws drafted, with the purpose of inflaming still further this hatred that already rages against the Senate. And at this very juncture Gaius Verres has been brought to trial. Here is a man whose life and actions the world has already condemned – yet whose enormous fortune, according to his own loudly expressed hopes, has already brought him acquittal! I, gentlemen, am his prosecutor, and the people of Rome are strongly and confidently on my side. To increase the unpopularity of your Order is very far from my intention. On the contrary, I am eager to remove your bad reputation – which is as much mine as yours. Andthe defendant whom I am prosecuting, being the man he is,provides you with your opportunity to recover the lost prestige of these courts and to regain the favour of Romans and theoutside world alike.

Verres has sacked the Treasury. He has devastated Asia and Pamphylia. His tenure of the city-praetorship was a record of robberies; and the province of Sicily found him an annihilating pestilence. Pronounce a just and scrupulous verdict against Verres, and you will keep the good name which ought always to be yours. Let us imagine, on the other hand, that his great wealth succeeds in undermining the conscience and honesty of the judges. Well, even then I shall accomplish one thing. For thegeneral conclusion will not be that the judges failed to find a guilty defendant – or that the defendant lacked a competent prosecutor.On the contrary: the deduction will be that there are no good judges in the land. 7/10 Cycles Seven Italic

22

C o m m e n tA ry o n C i C e ro

While the provincial governor regarded it as a perquisite of his o∑ce

to despoil his province, its complete exploitation was due to the system

which placed the collection of provincial taxes in the hands of private

individuals. the financiers and business men, who constituted the

equestrian order, secured at an auction held in rome the right to farm the

taxes of Asia; and the large sta∂ of agents maintained for the purpose in

the province, while supported by all the resources of rome, were respon-

sible only to the “company” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.2 6/9

Cycles Seven, Italic

While the provincial governor regarded it as a perquisite of his o∑ce to despoil his province, its complete exploitation was due to the system which placed the collection of provincial taxes in the hands of private individuals. the financiers and business men, who constituted the equestrian order, secured at an auction held in rome the right to farm the taxes of Asia; and the large sta∂ of agents maintained for the purpose in the province, while supported by all the resources of rome, were responsible only to the “company” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.2

6.5/9.25 Cycles Seven, Italic

While the provincial governor regarded it as a perquisite of his o∑ce to despoil his province, its complete exploitation was due to the system which placed the collection of provincial taxes in the hands of private individuals. the financiers and business men, who constituted the equestrian order, secured at an auc-tion held in rome the right to farm the taxes of Asia; and the large sta∂ of agents maintained for the purpose in the province, while supported by all the resources of rome, were responsible only to the “company” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.2

7/9.5 Cycles Seven, Italic

23

C o m m e n tA ry o n C i C e ro

While the provincial governor regarded it as a perquisite of his o∑ce to despoil his province, its complete exploitation was due to the system which placed the collection of provincial taxes in the hands of private individuals. the financiers and business men, who constituted the equestrian order, secured at an auction held in rome the right to farm the taxes of Asia; and the large sta∂ of agents maintained for the purpose in the province, while supported by all the resources of rome, were responsible only to the “company” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.2

7/9.5 Cycles Seven, Italic

While the provincial governor regarded it as a perquisite of his o∑ce to despoil his province, its complete exploita-tion was due to the system which placed the collection of provincial taxes in the hands of private individuals. the financiers and business men, who constituted the equestrian order, secured at an auction held in rome the right to farm the taxes of Asia; and the large sta∂ of agents maintained for the purpose in the province, while sup-ported by all the resources of rome, were responsible only to the “company” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.2

7.5/10 Cycles Seven, Italic

While the provincial governor regarded it as a perqui-site of his o∑ce to despoil his province, its complete exploitation was due to the system which placed the collection of provincial taxes in the hands of private individuals. the financiers and business men, who constituted the equestrian order, secured at an auction held in rome the right to farm the taxes of Asia; and the large sta∂ of agents maintained for the purpose in the province, while supported by all the resources of rome, were responsible only to the “company” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.2

8/10.5 Cycles Seven, Italic

24

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25

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26

CICEro

agaINSt vErrES

Judges, at this grave crisis in the history of our country, you

have been offered a peculiarly desirable gift, a gift almost too

opportune to be of human origin: it almost seems heaven-sent.

For you have been given a unique chance to make your Senatorial

order less unpopular, and to set right the damaged reputation

of these courts. a belief has taken root which is having a fatal

e∂ect on our nation – and which to us who are Senators, in

particular, threatens grave peril. this belief is on everyone’s

tongue, at rome and even in foreign countries. It is this: that in

these courts, with their present membership, even the worst

criminal will never be convicted provided that he has money.

that, then, is the dangerous crisis with which your order

and your courts are faced. Speeches have been prepared, laws

drafted, with the purpose of inflaming still further this hatred

that already rages against the Senate. and at this very juncture

gaius verres has been brought to trial. Here is a man whose life

and actions the world has already condemned – yet whose

enormous fortune, according to his own loudly expressed

hopes, has already brought him acquittal! I, gentlemen, am his

prosecutor, and the people of rome are strongly and confidently

on my side. to increase the unpopularity of your order is very

far from my intention. on the contrary, I am eager to remove

your bad reputation – which is as much mine as yours. and

the defendant whom I am prosecuting, being the man he is,

provides you with your opportunity to recover the lost prestige

of these courts and to regain the favour of romans and the

outside world alike.

verres has sacked the treasury. He has devastated asia and

Pamphylia. His tenure of the city-praetorship was a record of

robberies; and the province of Sicily found him an annihilating

pestilence. Pronounce a just and scrupulous verdict against

verres, and you will keep the good name which ought always to

be yours. Let us imagine, on the other hand, that his great wealth

succeeds in undermining the conscience and honesty of the

judges. Well, even then I shall accomplish one thing. For the

general conclusion will not be that the judges failed to find a guilty

defendant – or that the defendant lacked a competent prosecutor.

on the contrary: the deduction will be that there are no good

judges in the land.

5/8 Cycles Five

27

CICEro

agaINSt vErrES

Judges, at this grave crisis in the history of our country, youhave been o∂ered a peculiarly desirable gift, a gift almost tooopportune to be of human origin: it almost seems heaven-sent. For you have been given a unique chance to make your Senatorial Order less unpopular, and to set right the damaged reputation of these courts. A belief has taken root which is having a fatal e∂ect on our nation – and which to us who are Senators, inparticular, threatens grave peril. This belief is on everyone’s tongue, at Rome and even in foreign countries. It is this: that in these courts, with their present membership, even the worst criminal will never be convicted provided that he has money.

That, then, is the dangerous crisis with which your Order and your courts are faced. Speeches have been prepared, laws drafted, with the purpose of inflaming still further this hatred that already rages against the Senate. And at this very juncture Gaius Verres has been brought to trial. Here is a man whose life and actions the world has already condemned – yet whose enormous fortune, according to his own loudly expressed hopes, has already brought him acquittal! I, gentlemen, am his prosecutor, and the people of Rome are strongly and confidently on my side. To increase the unpopularity of your Order is very far from my intention. On the contrary, I am eager to remove your bad reputation – which is as much mine as yours. Andthe defendant whom I am prosecuting, being the man he is,provides you with your opportunity to recover the lost prestige of these courts and to regain the favour of Romans and theoutside world alike.

Verres has sacked the Treasury. He has devastated Asia and Pamphylia. His tenure of the city-praetorship was a record of robberies; and the province of Sicily found him an annihilating pestilence. Pronounce a just and scrupulous verdict against Verres, and you will keep the good name which ought always to be yours. Let us imagine, on the other hand, that his great wealth succeeds in undermining the conscience and honesty of the judges. Well, even then I shall accomplish one thing. For thegeneral conclusion will not be that the judges failed to find a guilty defendant – or that the defendant lacked a competent prosecutor.On the contrary: the deduction will be that there are no good judges in the land. 5/8 Cycles Five Italic

28

c O m m e n TA Ry O n c I c e RO

While the provincial governor regarded it as a perquisite of his o∑ce to

despoil his province, its complete exploitation was due to the system which

placed the collection of provincial taxes in the hands of private individuals.

the financiers and business men, who constituted the Equestrian order,

secured at an auction held in rome the right to farm the taxes of asia; and

the large sta∂ of agents maintained for the purpose in the province, while

supported by all the resources of rome, were responsible only to the “com-

pany” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.2

5/8 Cycles Five, Italic

While the provincial governor regarded it as a perquisite of his o∑ce to despoil his province, its complete exploitation was due to the system which placed the collection of provincial taxes in the hands of private individuals. the financiers and business men, who constituted the Equestrian order, secured at an auction held in rome the right to farm the taxes of asia; and the large sta∂ of agents main-tained for the purpose in the province, while supported by all the resources of rome, were responsible only to the “company” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the utter-most farthing from the provincials.2

5.5/8.25 Cycles Five, Italic

While the provincial governor regarded it as a perquisite of his o∑ce to despoil his province, its complete exploitation was due to the system which placed the collection of provincial taxes in the hands of private individuals. the financiers and business men, who constituted the Equestrian order, secured at an auction held in rome the right to farm the taxes of asia; and the large sta∂ of agents maintained for the purpose in the province, while supported by all the resources of rome, were responsible only to the “company” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.2

6/8.5 Cycles Five, Italic

29

cyclesfive

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Z

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30

comPARIsons

31

1 0 0 p o i n t

a a a a g g g ge e e e

elevenninesevenfive

32

t e n p o i n t

whiletheprovincialgovernorregardeditasaperquisiteofhiso∑cetodespoilhisprovince,itscompleteexploita-tionwasduetothesystemwhichplacedthecollectionofprovincialtaxesinthehandsofprivateindividuals.thefinanciersandbusinessmen,whoconstitutedtheequestrianorder,securedatanauctionheldinRometherighttofarmthetaxesofAsia;andthelargesta∂ofagentsmaintainedforthepurposeintheprovince,whilesupportedbyalltheresourcesofRome,wereresponsibleonlytothe“company”whichemployedthem.The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.2

10/13 Cycles eleven, italic, small Caps

while the provincial governor regarded it as aperqui-site of his o∑ce to despoil his province, its complete exploitation was due to the system which placed the collection of provincial taxes in the hands of private individuals. The financiers and business men, who constituted the equestrian order, secured at an auction held in Rome the right to farm the taxes of Asia; and the large sta∂ of agents maintained for the purpose in the province, while supported by all the resources of Rome, were responsible only to the “com-pany” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.210/13 Cycles nine, italic, small Caps

33

e I G H T P O I n T

While the provincial governor regarded it as a per-quisite of his o∑ce to despoil his province, its complete exploitation was due to the system which placed the collection of provincial taxes in the hands of private individuals. the financiers and business men, who constituted the equestrian order, secured at an auction held in rome the right to farm the taxes of Asia; and the large sta∂ of agents maintained for the purpose in the province, while supported by all the resources of rome, were responsible only to the “company” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.2

8/10.5 Cycles seven, italic

While the provincial governor regarded it as a perqui-site of his o∑ce to despoil his province, its complete exploitation was due to the system which placed the collection of provincial taxes in the hands of private individuals. The financiers and business men, who constituted the Equestrian order, secured at an auction held in Rome the right to farm the taxes of Asia; and the large sta∂ of agents maintained for the purpose in the province, while supported by all the resources of Rome, were responsible only to the “company” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.28/10.5 Cycles nine, italic

34

S I X P O I n T

While the provincial governor regarded it as a perquisite of his o∑ce to despoil his province, its complete exploi-tation was due to the system which placed the collection of provincial taxes in the hands of private individuals. the financiers and business men, who constituted the Equestrian order, secured at an auction held in rome the right to farm the taxes of asia; and the large sta∂ of agents maintained for the purpose in the province, while sup-ported by all the resources of rome, were responsible only to the “company” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the pro-vincials.2

6/8.5 Cycles Five, Italic

While the provincial governor regarded it as a perquisite of his o∑ce to despoil his province, its complete exploitation was due to the sys-tem which placed the collection of provincial taxes in the hands of private individuals. the financiers and business men, who constituted the equestrian order, secured at an auction held in rome the right to farm the taxes of Asia; and the large sta∂ of agents maintained for the purpose in the province, while supported by all the resources of rome, were responsible only to the “company” which employed them. The sole object of such a company was to extract the uttermost farthing from the provincials.2

6/8.5 Cycles Seven, Italic

35

cyclestextFeAtuRes

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tabularoldstylefiguresfontsareavailableincyclesnine.Afittedfigure1forlFfontsisavailableintheposition

ofthe“logicalnot”character.

Z

fractionsfontsNumerators: keystrokes 1234567890 = characters 1234567890

Denominators: keystrokes abcdefghij = characters abcdefghij

Fraction Bar: slash ( / )

Z

ligaturesfi fl ∂ ∑ ∏ are available in the character set.

Keystrokes or settings for accessing them vary by platform, font format and application.Look for them with the keyboard map, or turn on the “Ligature” option.

Z

pre-spacedsmallcapitalsSmall capitals have had an appropriate amount of space added to them.

They do not require extra tracking.

Z

36

Z

cycles d I sPlAy s I zes

s Pec Imens

cyclesthirty-six

cyclestwenty-four

cycleseighteen

37

cycles tH IRty- s Ix

sPec Imen

38

C i C e roPrimum mihi videturde genere belli, deinde

de magnitudine, tum deimperatore deligendo

esse dicendum.3

36/37 Cycles thirty-six

I think it is best to dealfirst with the nature ofthe war, next with its

magnitude and lastlywith the choice of a

commander.36/37 Cycles thirty-six italic

39

cyclesthirty-six

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40

cycles twenty-FouR

sPec Imen

41

c i c e roCausa quae sit, videtis:

nunc, quid agendum sit,considerate. Primum mihi

videtur de genere belli,deinde de magnitudine,

tum de imperatoredeligendo esse dicendum.3

24/25 Cycles twenty-four

You see what the situation is:now consider what is to be done.I think it is best to deal first withthe nature of the war, next with

its magnitude and lastly withthe choice of a commander.

24/25 Cycles twenty-four italic

42

cyclestwenty-four

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Q R S T Ü V W X Y Z & Æ Œ Ø

Å B C D É F G H Î J K L M N Õ P

Q R ST Ü V W X Y Z & Æ Œ Ø

Z

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43

cycles e IGHteen

sPec Imen

44

c i c e rocausa quae sit, videtis:

nunc, quid agendum sit,considerate. primum mihi

videtur de genere belli,deinde de magnitudine, tum

de imperatore deligendoesse dicendum.3

18/19 Cycles eighteen

You see what the situation is:now consider what is to be done.I think it is best to deal first withthe nature of the war, next with

its magnitude and lastly withthe choice of a commander.

18/19 Cycles eighteen italic

45

cycleseighteen

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Z

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46

notes

1 Verres retired in exile after this speech, but like cicero himself, he was exe-cuted by the Second Triumvirate (43 bce); the story was that Antony wanted one of his works of art. This translation and note are from the 1971 edition of Cicero: Selected Works, Penguin, translated by michael Grant.

2 Cicero in twenty-eight volumes, Cicero ix, translation by H. Grose Hodge, The Loeb classical Library, Harvard University Press, 1927–1990. This pas-sage is from Hodge’s introduction.Verres had been the provincial governor of Sicily.

3 Cicero in twenty-eight volumes, Cicero ix, translation by H. Grose Hodge, The Loeb classical Library, Harvard University Press, 1927–1990. This passage is from Pro Lege Manilia (66 bce).

47

cyclesGeneAloGy

the story of cycles begins with the story of Print. Print, thetype,isthriftyandfit.Itisgoodforsprints,andperhapsmiddledistances.cyclesisforthemarathon.Atfullstrideitisnotcon-cernedaboutmerematerialwealth.therealmofcyclesisoneinwhichthewrittenwordisking.Printhasbeenfertile.Parentnotonlyofcyclesinitsvarious

sizes,butalsotheimperialeArepo,andtogetherwithcycleshasgivenlifetoSfpl,amulti-purposepetit romain.cycleshasalreadyseenproductiveyears.now,aftercuttings,

grafts, transplants, a little compost, a littlewater, new shootshave become trees. the cycles orchard has grown here onAlphabetFarm.

14 February 2004

48

BIBlIoGRAPHy

Max Caflisch, Schriftanalysen 1. “cycles und Arepo.” Typotron, 2003.michael Karner, “cycles: eine digitale Schrift in Bleisatzqualität.” Graphische

Revue Österreichs, February, 2006.

49

set Incycles

typography by jack stauffacher

Cooking by Hand, Paul Bertolli. clarkson Potter/Publishers, new york, 2003. Photographs by Gail Skoff and Judy Dater.

Inscriptions at the Old Public Library of San Francisco, edited by Jack W. Stauffacher. The Book club of california, San Francisco Public Library, 2003.

The Artists’ Books in the Modern Era 1870-2000: The Reva and David Logan Collection of Illustrated Books, Robert Flynn Johnson. essay by Donna Stein. Fine Arts museum of San Francisco, 2001 .

A typographic journey: The History of the Greenwood Press and Bibliography, 1934-2000, Jack Werner Stauffacher, bibliography by Glenn Humphreys. The Book club of california, 1999.

Type: A Journal of the Association Typographique Internationale, edited by Sumner Stone, 1997, 1998.

Facing Eden: 100 Years of Landscape Art in the Bay Area, Stephan A. nash. The Fine Arts museums of San Francisco, University of california Press, Berkeley, 1995.

Porter Garnett: Philosophical Writings on the Ideal Book, compiled by Jack Stau∂acher. The Book club of california, San Francisco, 1994.

Cycles. Photographs by Judy Dater. Publisher: Kodansha, Tokyo, 1992, Japanese and english. Printing and sponsorship: Toppan.

typography by chuck byrne

John Galen Howard and the University of California: The Design of a Great Public University Campus, Sally B. Woodbridge. University of california Press, 2002.

Speeches & Statements 1992-2000, Gerhard casper, President, Stanford University. Board of Trustees of Leland Stanford Junior University, 2000, limited edition.

Momentary Bliss: An American Memoir, W.B. carnochan. Stanford University Libraries, 1999.

Sunset Magazine: A Century of Western Living 1898-1998. Historical Portraits and Bibliography. Stanford University Libraries, 1998.

Stanford University Libraries 1994-95 Biennial Report. Stanford University Libraries, 1996.

Berkeley Landmarks: An Illustrated Guide to Berkeley, California’s Architectural Heritage, Susan Dinkelspiel cerny. Berkeley Architectural Heritage Association, Berkeley, first ed., 1994; second ed., 2001

En Charette/On Deadline: An Architectural History of North Gate Hall. University of california, Berkeley. The Graduate School of Journalism, University of california, Berkeley, 1993.

typography by alvin eisenman

Daedalus: Journal of the American Academy of Arts & Sciences. cambridge, ma. Beginning with the Winter 2002 issue .

50

more cycles typography

E∑gies & Ecstasies: Roman Baroque Sculpture and Design in the Age of Bernini. edited by Aidan Weston-Lewis. national Galleries of Scotland, edinburgh, 1998. Book design: Robert Dalrymple.

Catching the light, Remembering Wallace Stegner.Edited by Page Stegner and mary Stegner. Stanford University Libraries, 1996. Book design: James and carolyn Robertson, yolla Bolly Press, covelo, california. Printed letterpress.

The Geography of Hope: A Tribute to Wallace Stegner.Edited by Page Stegner and mary Stegner. Publisher: Sierra club Books, San Francisco, 1996. Book design: James Robertson.

Intimations of Paradise, Photographs by Christopher Burkett, essays by James Reid and Vincent Rossi, Introduction by James Alinder. West Wind Arts, Vernonia, Oregon, 1999 . Book design by christopher Stinehour.

51

t y p e s p e c i f i c at i o n s

title page title: cycles Thirty-six 36 pt.title page sub-title: cycles eighteen 18 pt.main text, subtitles: cycles eleven 11/14.5

notes, &c.; small subtitles: cycles nine 9/12ornaments: Leaves & Straw

&c.: cycles Seven 7/9.5

BPublished by Juglans Press

Alphabet Farm, Capay Valley, California, 2006Cycles™ is a trademark of stone type Foundry inc.

© sumner stone 2004, 2006