Cytoplasm

Cytoskeleton

NucleusNucleolus

Ribosomes

Rough E.R.

Smooth E.R.

Plasma Membrane

Golgi Apparatus

Mitochondria

Vacuole

Lysosome

Plasma Membrane

The Plasma Membrane of cells are made up of a PHOSPHOLIPID BILAYER

Hydrophilic Head

Hydrophobic Tails

“water-loving”

“water-fearing”

PHOSPHOLIPID

The Plasma Membrane of cells also have

PROTEINS and CHOLESTEROL• Help movement

across the membrane

• Detect materials outside the cell

• Help keep the membrane fluid and wavy

___IN___Nutrients- sugars (glucose)- proteins- fatsSaltsO2

H2O

___OUT___Waste- ammonia- salts- CO2

Products- Proteins

H2O

INSID

EO

UTSID

E• Uncharged smaller particles can pass through the

membrane• Charged particles (+/-) or large particles cannot

LIPIDS O2CO2

SALT+/-

WASTES

STARCH GLUCOSE

Large and/or charged particles must use Transport Proteins or Protein Channels to pass through the plasma membrane

Simple Diffusion vs. Facilitated Diffusion

• Move from HIGH to LOW through a transport protein

• Move from HIGH to LOW directly through the lipid bilayer

Passive Transport: diffusion occurs down the Concentration Gradient

Sometimes, transport needs to occur AGAINST the Concentration Gradient

Example: Glucose

Cells must use ACTIVE TRANSPORT to go against the gradient

Active Transport uses ATP Energy to push materials from LOW to HIGH concentration

Simple Diffusion

Facilitated Diffusion

Passiv

e

Tran

sp

ort

Active Transport

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=prfMUwjobo8

How does endocytosis and exocytosis work?

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XdCrZm_JAp0