czasowniki frazowe. język angielski phrasal verbs

LangenscheidtCzasowniki frazowe

Język angielski

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Język angielski Czasow

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LangenscheidtCzasowniki frazowe

Język angielski• Czasowniki frazowe na poziomie A1-C1 uporządkowane

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• Różnorodne ćwiczenia utrwalające wraz z kluczem odpowiedzi

• Testy sprawdzające, przykłady i słowniczki

• Praktyczne wskazówki i zabawne rysunki, dzięki którym łatwiej zapamiętać nowe informacje

ISBN 978-83-7476-594-7

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• klasówką

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Warszawa

Langenscheidt

Czasowniki frazowe

Język angielski

Elżbieta Mańko

konsultacja językowa

James Todd

Tytuł: Czasowniki frazowe. Język angielskiAutor: Elżbieta Mańko

Redaktor prowadzący: Joanna Szeligowska

Konsultacja językowa: James ToddRedakcja: Klaudyna CwynarKorekta: Krystyna Luto-Lach, Magdalena Lech, Agnieszka Łodzińska

Okładka: Grażyna FicenesIlustracje: Marzenna Dobrowolska Skład i łamanie: Marzenna Dobrowolska

© for the Polish edition: 2009 Langenscheidt Polska, Sp. z o.o., Warszawa

Langenscheidt Polska Sp. z o.o. 02-548 Warszawaul. Grażyny 13

www.langenscheidt.pl

ISBN 978-83-7476-939-6

www.langenscheidt.pl

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Drogi Czytelniku!

Jak wiadomo, angielskie czasowniki złożone (phrasal verbs) przysparzają nam wielu kłopotów. Tymczasem w żywej mowie i języku potocznym są używane bardzo często. Czasami łatwiej jest nam zapamiętać formę oficjalną danego czasownika np. postpone/delay niż formę potoczną put off. To dlatego język angielski w wy-konaniu Polaków brzmi często chłodno i zbyt oficjalnie, a między rozmówcami tworzy niepotrzebny dystans. Ta książka pomoże to zmienić.

Znajdziesz w niej:• 365 czasowników złożonych uporządkowanych alfabetycznie• minisłowniczek na każdej stronie• przykład użycia czasownika w zdaniu z tłumaczeniem na język polski• ćwiczenia utrwalające• klucz odpowiedzi• 30 testów sprawdzających na końcu książki

Książka ta przeznaczona jest dla wszystkich uczących się języka angielskiego: zarówno na poziomie podstawowym jak i zaawansowanym. Według Europejskiego Systemu Kształcenia Językowego publikacja z zakresu A1-C1 wspaniale nadaje się dla uczniów szkół ponadpodstawowych i studentów oraz nauczycieli przygotowujących się do zajęć. Słowem dla wszystkich, którzy chcą udoskonalić lub sprawdzić swoją znajo-mość języka angielskiego.

Życzymy powodzenia! Autorka i Wydawnictwo

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ask after sb inquire about sb’s health pytać o czyjeś zdrowie, rozpytywać o kogośask around request information popytać w celu zasięgnięcia informacjiask for request sb or sth prosić (o kogoś lub o coś) ask sb in invite sb inside zaprosić kogoś do środka (aby wszedł) ask sb out (eg. to dinner) invite sb to go out zapraszać kogoś (np. na obiad do restauracji)

Jim asked after your mother. Jim pytał o twoją matkę.I’ll ask around where they sell organic food. Popytam, gdzie sprzedają żywność ekologiczną.Helen asked me for help. Helena prosiła mnie o pomoc.He has never asked me in. Nigdy mnie nie zaprosił do domu.John often asks Mary out to dinner. John często zaprasza Mary na obiad do restauracji.

ASK after | around | for | in | out

Your turn now!Replace the verb in bold with a suitable phrasal verb from the box above.1. Jack invited Molly to dinner in a restaurant, but she refused, so he went with someone else.2. I’ve never seen the inside of his flat. He never invites me into it.3. The police were seeking information about you. What’s up?4. There’s a man at the door. He wants to talk to you.

Complete the sentences with the right preposition.1. We spend every evening watching TV. Why don’t you ask me ______ tonight?2. Jeffrey moved to a new flat but hasn’t asked us ______ to his new place yet.3. He’s got what he deserves. He asked ______ it!4. Molly was here. She was asking ______ you. Very kind of her, isn’t it?

Translate the following sentences into English. Use suitable phrasal verbs.1. Poprośmy twoich rodziców o pożyczkę. ______________________________________________2. Zaprośmy Wagnerów na kolację do restauracji. _________________________________________3. Popytaj o miejscową szkołę w tej wsi. ________________________________________________4. Jakiś podejrzany typ rozpytywał o ciebie. _____________________________________________

Answer Key 1.Jack asked Molly out to dinner, but she refused, so he went with someone else. 2.He never asks me in. 3.The police were asking after you.

4.He is asking for you. 1.out, 2.in, 3.for, 4.after; 1.Let’s ask your parents for a loan. 2.Let’s invite the Wagners out to supper. 3.Ask around the local school in that village. 4.A suspicious guy was asking after you.

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BLOW off | out | over | up

blow off (away) carry away by the wind zerwać (przez wiatr) blow out extinguish fire by blowing zdmuchnąć, ugasićblow over (down) fall because of the wind poprzewracać się na wietrzeblow over pass, stop przeminąć, ucichnąć, uspokoić się blow up destroy with an explosion wysadzić (w powietrze), wybuchnąć to start suddenly zerwać się, wybuchnąć inflate nadmuchać make a photo bigger powiększyć zdjęcie

The storm was so fierce that the roof blew off. Burza była tak silna, że zerwało dach.Jeff blew out all the candles on his birthday cake. Jeff zdmuchnął wszystkie świeczki na swoim urodzinowym torcie.The rubbish bins have blown over and plastic Kosze na śmieci poprzewracały się na wietrze bags are scattered all over the lawns. i plastikowe torby leżą porozrzucane na trawnikach.Don’t worry, the storm will soon blow over. Nie martw się, burza wkrótce minie.The terrorists blew up the railway station. Terroryści wysadzili dworzec kolejowy.

Your turn now!Replace the verb in bold with a suitable phrasal verb from the box above.1. He had to inflate the mattress before he went to sleep.2. The angry voices became quieter and the argument gradually stopped.3. The fence surrounding our house fell down in the wind.4. Can you make the photo a little bit bigger?5. Her balloon got carried by the wind.

Complete the sentences with the right preposition.1. Little Johnny wasn’t able to blow ______ the three candles at one go.2. Guy Fawkes wanted to blow ______ the Houses of Parliament.3. The storm blew ______ in the afternoon.4. Some pot plants on the balcony blew ______ in the gale and demolished a car parked in the street.5. When we were in the middle of the lake, a gale blew ______ unexpectedly.

Answer Key 1.He had to blow up the mattress before he went to sleep. 2.The angry voices became quieter and the argument gradually blew over.

3.The fence surrounding our house blew over. 4.Can you blow up the photo a little bit? 5.Her balloon blew off (away). 1.out, 2.up, 3.up, 4.off (away), 5.up;

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BREAK away from | down | in/into

break away from separate from wyłamać się, oddzielić, oderwaćbreak down stop working zepsuć się lose control of one’s emotions stracić panowanie nad sobą, załamać siębreak in/into enter a place in order to steal włamać siębreak in interrupt przerwać

The cyclist broke away from the pack. Kolarz oderwał się od peletonu.His car broke down unexpectedly. Jego samochód popsuł się niespodziewanie.Helen broke down and started to cry. Helena załamała się i zaczęła płakać.Somebody broke into my car yesterday Ktoś wczoraj włamał się do mojegoand stole my GPS. samochodu i ukradł GPS.The waitress broke into our chat Kelnerka przerwała naszą pogawędkę and took our order. i przyjęła zamówienie.

Your turn now! Choose the right preposition to complete the sentence.

1. Helen broke away/down and confessed everything.2. The dog broke away/down from its lead. 3. The burglar broke down/in through the kitchen door.4. When her computer broke away/down, she started to panic.5. The boss broke down/in the talks to answer the phone.

Join the broken sentences.1. The lift has broken down a) so we are going to call the police.2. Somebody has broken into our flat b) and start a new party.3. They decided to break away c) so we have to walk up the stairs.4. On hearing the news d) she broke down and burst into tears.

Match the sentences with the pictures.a) He’s going to break into the car.b) His car has just broken down.

Answer Key 1.down, 2.away, 3.in, 4.down, 5.in; 1.c, 2.a, 3.b, 4.d; 1.b, 2.a;

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Your turn now!Replace the verbs in bold with a suitable phrasal verb from the box above.1. World War II began on 1st September 1939. 2. When do schools in England close for summer holidays? 3. They argue a lot so I think they’re going to stop going out. 4. Did you hear? Tim and Anne decided to finish their relationship.5. The thieves escaped from the prison on Sunday night.

Choose the suitable preposition to complete the sentences.1. A fierce argument broke ______ in my neighbours’ flat last night. a) off b) up c) out2. Riots broke ______ in the streets of Belfast. a) up b) out c) off3. The family managed to break ______ from the flooded area. a) out b) off c) in4. The couple decided to break ______ after ten years of their relationship. a) down b) off c) in5. When does school break ______ in your country? a) out b) up c) down

Answer Key 1.World War II broke out on 1st September 1939. 2.When do schools in England break up for summer holidays? 3.They argue a lot so I think

they’re going to break up/off. 4.Tim and Anne decided to break up/off. 5.The thieves broke out from the prison on Sunday night. 1.c, 2.b, 3.a, 4.b, 5.b;

BREAK off | out | up

break off end a relationship zerwać z kimś break out begin suddenly wybuchnąć escape from a place uciec (skądś) break up end a relationship zerwać z kimś close a school for holidays zamknąć szkołę na wakacje

Jack broke off with Mary when he got Jack zerwał z Mary, gdy dostał pracę w Irlandii.a job in Ireland. A fire broke out in the attic and spread Pożar wybuchł na strychu i szybkoquickly through the entire building. rozprzestrzenił się na cały budynek.Their marriage finally broke up. Ich małżeństwo w końcu się rozpadło.Stella has broken up with her boyfriend. Stella zerwała ze swoim chłopakiem.School breaks up on 23rd June. Wakacje szkolne zaczynają się 23 czerwca.

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BRING along | back | on

bring (sb/sth) along take (sb/sth) with you przyprowadzić (kogoś), przynieść (coś) bring back cause memories or feelings przywoływać (wspomnienia) to return to your mindbring on (sth) cause something powodować coś (usually unpleasant) (zwykle coś niemiłego)

Come to my place and bring Anne along. Wpadnij do mnie i przyprowadź Annę.This photo brings back memories of my childhood. To zdjęcie przywołuje wspomnienia z mojego dzieciństwa.His allergy brought on that attack. Jego alergia spowodowała ten atak.

Your turn now! Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition from the box below.

along | back | on1. Pop in tomorrow and don’t forget to bring your son ______. 2. The damp, chilly weather brought ______ his bronchitis.3. European soldiers returning from Asian missions bring ______ antibiotic resistant bugs.4. Is there a song that brings ______ memories from when you were a teenager?

Match the broken sentences.1. If I can’t get a babysitter for my daughter, a) which must have brought on her illness.2. The shock of losing all his money b) I’ll have to bring her along to work. 3. She got cold and wet in the rain c) brought back memories of my teenage years.4. The documentary d) brought on a stroke.5. The school reunion party e) brought back the drama of that time.

Translate into English.1. Przynieś ze sobą niezbędne dokumenty. _____________________________________________2. Trzęsienie ziemi spowodowało wybuch epidemii. _______________________________________ 3. Jak radzić sobie ze stresem spowodowanym atakami terrorystycznymi? ______________________4. Żałował, że nie wziął ze sobą komórki. _______________________________________________

Answer Key 1.along, 2.on, 3.along, 4.back; 1.b, 2.d, 3.a, 4.e, 5.c; 1.Bring along the necessary documents. 2.The earthquake brought on the

outbreak of epidemic. 3.How can we deal with stress brought on by terrorist attacks? 4.He wished he had brought along his mobile.

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Your turn now!Match the broken sentences.1. Mary brings up three children a) splashing water on her face.2. The European Commission decided b) so they’ve brought forward their to bring forward wedding a month. 3. Peter is being transferred to Canada in June c) the subject of noise pollution soon.4. They tried to bring her round d) a single anti-discrimination directive.5. They’re going to bring up e) on her own.

Read the sentences and choose the most suitable reply.1. She fainted when she heard the news! a) Oh dear! Did you manage to bring her round? b) Oh dear! Who brought her up?2. It’s too late to have a party at midnight. a) Shall we bring it round then? b) Shall we bring it forward then?3. I’m going to give a speech at the conference. a) Great! Are you going to bring up the issue of teaching grammar to young children? b) Great! Are you going to bring forward your speech?

Answer Key 1.e, 2.d, 3.b, 4.a, 5.c; 1.a, 2.b, 3.a;

BRING forward | round | up

bring forward change the date of an event przyśpieszyć so that it happens earlier produce, present pokazać, zaprezentować, przedłożyćbring (sb) round make somebody cucić (kogoś), doprowadzać conscious again do przytomnościbring up raise wychowywać mention, introduce a topic wspomnieć, poruszyć temat

The match has been brought forward Mecz odbędzie się wcześniej, from 7 p.m. to 5 p.m. o 17.00, zamiast o 19.00.A group of MPs decided to bring forward Grupa posłów postanowiła przedłożyć their plans of new bills. plany nowych ustaw.She fainted and we tried to bring her round. Zemdlała i próbowaliśmy ją ocucić.He is a single parent who brings up On jest samotnym ojcem, który wychowuje two children. dwoje dzieci.The boss said the issue would be brought up Szef powiedział, że temat będzie poruszony at the next meeting. na następnym spotkaniu.

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CALL back | off | on | up

call back telephone sb in response oddzwonićcall off cancel odwołaćcall on pay a short visit wpaść (do kogoś) call up telephone sb zadzwonić do kogoś

I must call him back as soon as I have Muszę do niego oddzwonić, jak tylko będę a spare minute. mieć wolną chwilę.The flight has been called off due to the fog. Lot został odwołany z powodu mgły.As we were in London, we called on my cousin. Gdy byliśmy w Londynie, wpadliśmy do mojego kuzyna.I’ll call you up as soon as I know the results. Zadzwonię do ciebie, jak tylko będę znał wyniki.

Your turn now! Do the crossword.

Across 1. cancel2. telephone somebodyDown 1. return a phone call2. pay a short visit

Complete the sentences with the right preposition.1. Mrs Smith will call you ______ as soon as she is free.2. The game was called ______ because of the torrential rain.3. Shall we call ______ your brother when we are in London?4. I would have called you ______ if I knew your phone number.

Translate into English.1. Oddzwonię do pani, gdy przemyślę sprawę. ___________________________________________2. Wpadnij do mnie, gdy będziesz w Warszawie. __________________________________________3. Musieliśmy odwołać imprezę. ______________________________________________________4. Zadzwoń do mnie po egzaminie. ___________________________________________________

Answer Key Across: 1.call off, 2.call up; Down: 1.call back, 2.call on; 1.back, 2.off, 3.on, 4.up; 1.I’ll call you back when I have thought the matter

over. 2.Call on me when you are in Warsaw. 3.We had to call off the event. 4.Call me up when the exam is over.

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carry off succeed in doing sth dać radę coś zrobić, poradzić sobie win a prize zdobyć nagrodę cause death, die of a disease spowodować śmierć, umrzeć remove from a place wynieśćcarry on continue kontynuowaćcarry out do (a task) dokonywać, prowadzić, realizować (zadanie) carry through succeed in putting sth into practice wprowadzić

Ralph carried off the project perfectly. Ralf doskonale poradził sobie z tym projektem.Jenny carried off most of the awards. Jenny zdobyła większość nagród.Yellow fever carried him off two years ago. Żółta febra zabrała go dwa lata temu.After a short break, the teacher carried on Po krótkiej przerwie nauczyciel kontynuował his lecture. wykład.Some urgent repairs of the roads are being Obecnie prowadzone są na drogach pilnecarried out at the moment. prace naprawcze.The government carried the tax reforms Pomimo trudności rząd wprowadził through despite difficulties. reformy podatkowe.

CARRY off | on | out | through

Your turn now!Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition.1. She carried ______ the first prize in the competition.2. He looked confused for a while but managed to carry ______ his speech.3. We’ll need a qualified and experienced engineer to carry ______ the project.4. They are planning to carry ______ a survey nationwide.

Match the broken sentences.1. They managed to carry the project through a) the Oscar for best actor this year?2. It seems she has too many duties b) despite difficulties.3. Who will carry off c) to carry out.4. The troops d) carried out the mission successfully.

Complete the tongue-twister (caption) next to the picture with the right preposition.“It wasn’t the cough that carried him ______, it was the coffin they carried him ______ in.”

Answer Key 1.off, 2.on, 3.through, 4.out; 1.b, 2.c, 3.a, 4.d; off, off;

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catch on understand and learn załapać, zrozumieć, połapać się become popular przyjąć się, stać się popularnymcatch out discover sb doing sth wrong przyłapać kogoś na czymś or making an errorcatch up with become even with someone dorównać, dogonić learn something that many people zrozumieć, załapać already understand Everybody knew what was going on, Każdy wiedział co się dzieje, ale Harry potrzebował but it took Harry ages to catch on. więcej czasu, aby się połapać.Chinese herbs are catching on in the US. Chińskie ziółka stają się popularne w Stanach.Fingerprint checking helps catch out Sprawdzanie odcisków palców pomaga złapaćrepeat offenders. notorycznych przestępców.Mark is finally catching up with his Mark nareszcie dorównuje swojemu older brother. starszemu bratu.My grandmother is trying to catch up with Moja babcia próbuje załapać, o co chodzi the Internet. z internetem.

CATCH on | out | up with

Your turn now! Choose the right sentence that has a similar meaning.

1. Mark has to work hard to catch up with the rest of the class.a) Mark is a weaker student than the rest of the class.b) Mark has worked hard and now he is the best student in his class.

2. I must catch up with (on) my work.a) I don’t need to work faster.b) I am late with my work.

3. They caught him out when they phoned his previous employer.a) They discovered that he was lying.b) They found him a reliable person.

4. Organic food has caught on as consumers are now more health-conscious.a) Organic food is becoming more and more popular.b) Organic food is hardly available on the market.

Translate into English.1. Przyłapałem go na kłamstwie. ______________________________________________________2. W końcu zrozumiał reguły gry. _____________________________________________________3. Opuściłem kilka lekcji i muszę teraz nadgonić z materiałem. ________________________________

Answer Key 1.a, 2.b, 3.a, 4.a; 1.I’ve caught him out lying. 2.Eventually/Finally, he caught on to the rules of the game. 3.I missed some lessons and now

I must catch up with the material.

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check in arrive (e.g. at the hotel) zameldować się, zgłosić się do odprawycheck sth off make sure a name or an item sprawdzić na liście, odhaczyć, zweryfikować is on the list, tick off, verifycheck out pay the bill and leave wymeldować się (z hotelu)check up on find information about sb sprawdzić (osobę, firmę); zajrzeć, upewnić się, że wszystko w porządku

When you get there, check in at the reception. Gdy tam dotrzesz, zamelduj się na recepcji.I’ll check your name off on the list. Odhaczę twoje nazwisko na liście.Remember to check out before 11 a.m. Pamiętaj, żeby się wymeldować przed 11-tą.Can you check up on the baby while you’re Czy możesz zajrzeć do dziecka, gdy będziesz upstairs? na górze?

CHECK in | off | out | up on

Your turn now!Choose the right preposition to complete the sentences.1. It’s time to check ______ on dental health.2. Before going on holiday, check ______ your to-do list.3. If you don’t check ______ before 11, you will have to pay for another night.4. What time should you be at the airport to check ______?

Complete the sentences with suitable phrasal verbs.1. How to ____________ (sprawdzić) a Life Insurance Company?2. I went to the hotel to meet Jeff but he had already ____________ (wymeldował się) .3. I’ll ____________ (sprawdzę) Lisa right away and tell you what she is doing.4. Go to the reception and ____________ (zamelduj nas) while I park the car.

Translate the following sentences into English using suitable phrasal verbs.1. Musisz zgłosić się do odprawy co najmniej dwie godziny przed odlotem._____________________________________________________________________________2. Czy sprawdzasz imprezy, na które chodzą twoje nastoletnie dzieci?_____________________________________________________________________________3. Proszę odhaczyć każde nazwisko na liście._____________________________________________________________________________4. Thomsonowie wymeldowali się dziś rano i pojechali do Francji._____________________________________________________________________________

Answer Key 1.up, 2.off, 3.out, 4.in; 1.check up on, 2.checked out, 3.check up on, 4.check in; 1.You have to check in at least two hours before your

flight. 2.Do you check up on the parties your teenage children go to? 3.Please check off each name on the list. 4.The Thomsons checked out this morning and left for France.

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chop down cut a tree with an axe ściąć drzewochop off cut sth off with scissors or a knife odciąć, odrąbaćchop up cut into small pieces or cubes siekać, kroić

Six 200-year-old oak trees are to be chopped down Sześć dwustuletnich dębów zostanie in West Hunsbury. ściętych w West Hunsbury. This photo is too big for the frame so I’ll probably To zdjęcie jest za duże do tej ramki, chop off the bottom of it. więc chyba odetnę dół.Skin the tomatoes and chop them up. Obierz pomidory ze skórki i pokrój je na kawałki.

CHOP down | off | up

Your turn now! Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition.

1. Peel the potatoes and chop them ______, will you?2. His finger was chopped ______ in the accident.3. Some organizations try to protect the Amazon and prevent deforestation by paying locals not to chop ______ trees.4. The forest has been depleted as the villagers have chopped ______ most of the trees for fuel.

Match the questions with the replies.1. What shall I do with those diseased trees? a) Chop it up finely and use for your salad.2. This branch is too long. What shall I do with it? b) Wear goggles and a mask then!3. What shall I do with this onion? c) Tell your husband to chop them down.4. I hate these long trousers. d) Why don’t you chop it off?5. My eyes are watering when I chop up onions. e) Why don’t you chop them off at the knee to make Bermuda shorts?

Choose the right caption for the picture.A. I’m going to chop down this tree!B. I’m going to have a barbecue under this tree!

Answer Key 1.up, 2.off, 3.down, 4.down; 1.c, 2.d, 3.a, 4.e, 5.b; A;

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clean down clean and wash sth wyczyścić coś porządnie, wytrzeć, wyszorowaćclean out clean sth and remove everything wysprzątać that is not wantedclean up make tidy sprzątnąć

The new plastic table is easy to clean down Ten nowy plastikowy stolik jest łatwy after each meal. do wyczyszczenia po każdym posiłku.We spent the whole day cleaning out the cellar. Spędziliśmy cały dzień sprzątając piwnicę.We can go out as soon as I’ve cleaned up Możemy wyjść, jak tylko sprzątnę kuchnię.the kitchen.

CLEAN down | out | up

Your turn now!Re-arrange the words in the right order to make proper sentences.1. I cleaning cupboard these photos when found I was out the in my bedroom. _____________________________________________________________________________2. Make properly down the surface of the sure table is cleaned and wiped over._____________________________________________________________________________3. The cleaned pictures of the frames have been and repainted down._____________________________________________________________________________

Do the crossword.Across 1. You should ____ down the surface before you paint it.2. When you have ____ out the attic, you’ll have a spare bedroom.4. It’s your turn ____ clean up the kitchen.5. I’m ____ to clean up the bathroom.Down 1. I found these books when I was ____ out the cupboard.3. I had to clean ____ the rack because it got rusty.

Answer Key 1.I found these photos when I was cleaning out the cupboard in my bedroom. 2.Make sure the surface of the table is cleaned down and

wiped over properly. 3.The frames of the pictures have been cleaned down and repainted. Across: 1.clean, 2.cleaned, 4.to, 5.going; Down: 1.cleaning, 3.down;

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clear away remove things that are not wanted usunąć (np. talerze), posprzątać ze stołu anymore (like dishes from the table) pass przeminąć, ustąpić leave a place odejśćclear out remove unwanted things opróżnić, zabrać niepotrzebne rzeczy, wysprzątać leave somewhere odejść, wynieść sięclear up tidy things (and put them away) uporządkować, posprzątać improve polepszyć (się) Notice that clear away and clear out sometimes have similar meanings: remove things or go away from a place.

After dinner she cleared away the dishes. Po obiedzie sprzątnęła naczynia ze stołu.We had to wait until the fog cleared away. Musieliśmy czekać, aż mgła ustąpi.We were told to clear away from the scene Powiedziano nam, abyśmy usunęli się of the accident. z miejsca wypadku.I cleared out my wardrobe and threw away Wysprzątałam szafę i wyrzuciłam zniszczoneworn out clothes. ubrania.Soldiers told them to clear out immediately. Żołnierze kazali im natychmiast się wynieść.They packed their things and cleared up the mess. Spakowali swoje rzeczy i uporządkowali miejsce.The argument didn’t last long and things Kłótnia nie trwała długo i sprawy szły were clearing up. ku lepszemu.

CLEAR away | out | up

Your turn now! Replace the part of the sentence in bold with the suitable phrasal verb and write it on the right.

1. Just sit down, I’ll take the dishes to the kitchen. ____________2. Students must empty their lockers by the end of term. ____________3. Remember to remove snow from roofs and balconies. ____________

Decide which sentence has a similar meaning to the one above.1. Please clear away your toys so I can a) The toys are scattered all over the carpet. vacuum the carpet. b) The toys are dirty and dusty.2. The fog gradually cleared away. a) The weather is good. b) It is foggy and rainy.3. All rental lockers must be cleared out a) The lockers must be emptied before 1st June. by 1st June. b) The lockers must be removed by 1st June.4. Eventually, the weather cleared up. a) The weather worsened.

b) The weather improved.

Answer Key 1.Just sit down, I’ll clear away. 2.Students must clear out their lockers by the end of term. 3.Remember to clear away snow from roofs and

balconies. 1.a, 2.a, 3.a, 4.b;

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close down stop operating zlikwidować, zamykaćclose off prevent people from entering zamykaćclose up stop operating/doing business zamykać lock the door zamykać drzwi

They are planning to close down the factory. Planują zamknąć fabrykę.The police have closed off the area. Policja zamknęła teren.All the shops in the town closed up for Wszystkie sklepy w mieście zamknięto the weekend. na weekend.Don’t forget to close up the door. Nie zapomnij zamknąć drzwi na klucz.

Notice that close, close down and close up have similar meanings: stop operating.

Answer Key 1.Police have closed down an illegal internet cafe. 2.Some local music shops have closed up since 2005. 3.Council Parks staff have closed off

the walking tracks on Green Hill due to the danger caused by many falling trees. Across: 1.down, 2.able, 4.bomb, 5.closed; Down: 1.due, 3.before, 6.off;

Your turn now!Put the words in the right order to make proper sentences.1. Police cafe down illegal closed internet have an. ________________________________________2. Some 2005 have up shops music closed since local. _____________________________________3. The falling Council Parks caused many walking have on off to by the closed due Green Hill the danger tracks trees staff. _______________________________________________________________

Do the crossword.Across 1. The authorities have closed ____ many charity organizations.2. Most companies closed down because they weren’t ____ to withstand competition.4. Police in Coventry have closed off part of the road following the discovery of a WWII ____.5. Officials have ____ off beaches in Brighton due to water pollution.Down 1. In the first six months of this year, several shops closed down ____ to the economic crisis.3. Remember to close up the doors and windows ____ you leave.6. Police units have closed ____ all roads leading to the area.

CLOSE down | off | up

1

2 3

4

5 6

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come across find sth/sb by accident natknąć się na kogoś/coścome at make a threatening move towards sb iść/ruszyć na kogoś, atakować kogoścome by visit wpaść (do kogoś) get, obtain, acquire dostać, wejść w posiadanie

While I was cleaning the attic, I came across Gdy sprzątałam na strychu, natknęłam się these old photos. na te stare zdjęcia.Suddenly a bear came at us but luckily Nagle niedźwiedź ruszył na nas, ale na szczęście we managed to escape. udało nam się uciec.I’ll come by after work and see if you Wpadnę po pracy i zobaczę, czy czegoś neeed anything. nie potrzebujesz.How did you come by that old typewriter? Jak weszłaś w posiadanie tej starej maszyny do pisania?

Answer Key 1.a, 2.c, 3.d; 1.come by, 2.came across, 3.come by, 4.come by;

Your turn now! Match the pictures with the sentences. There are more sentences than you need.

a. Good jobs are hard to come by these days.b. She came by this afternoon just for a chat.c. He came at me and wanted my wallet.d. I came across my old teacher when I was shopping in the supermarket.

Replace the verbs in the sentences with a suitable phrasal verb from the box above.1. He claims he’s ____________ (got) his collection of paintings from his grandfather.2. My daugher ____________ (found by chance) my old school reports when she was clearing out a cupboard in the attic.3. Meat contains many important nutrients that are hard to ____________ (obtain) from other sources.4. I have ____________ (acquired) this information from their website, so it must be true.

COME across | at | by

1 2 3

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come down with become ill rozchorować się, dostać (+ nazwa choroby) come into inherit odziedziczyćcome off fall off sth spaść z czegoś leave sth (e.g. a plane) zejść, wyjść (np. z samolotu) succeed, happen as planned dziać się, odbywać zgodnie z planem stop taking (medicine or drugs) zaprzestać brania (lekarstw lub narkotyków)

Lucy has come down with pneumonia and Lucy dostała zapalenia płuc i bierze antybiotyki.is taking antibiotics.Mark came into a large fortune when his Mark odziedziczył wielki majątek, gdy zmarł childless American uncle died. jego bezdzietny wujek z Ameryki.Mary came off her new bike and broke her arm. Mary spadła z roweru i złamała rękę.David came off Mt. Everest due to bad David zszedł z Mount Everest z powodu weather conditions. trudnych warunków pogodowych.Did the show come off all right? Czy przedstawienie się udało?Martha came off those painkillers eventually. Marta w końcu przestała brać środki przeciwbólowe.

Your turn now!Replace the verbs in italics with a suitable phrasal verb from the box above.1. She ____________ (fell off ) her horse and hurt her knee.2. The performances ____________ (went) wonderfully due to our numerous rehearsals.3. After the treatment, he managed to ____________ (stop taking) those drugs.4. Daisy ____________ (got) a fortune on her 18th birthday, according to her grandpa’s last will.

Read these remarks by different people and then decide whether the statements below are true (√) or false (x).Alice: I’ve come down with flu.John: I came into these books after my grandfather’s death.Mary: The party didn’t quite come off, as not all the people we’d invited arrived.Tim: I nearly fell down when I was coming off the plane. True False1. Alice said she was suffering from flu. 2. John’s grandfather didn’t leave him anything in his will. 3. Mary thinks the party was good. 4. Tim didn’t fall down when he was leaving the plane.

COME down with | into | off

Answer Key 1. came off, 2.come off, 3.come off, 4.come into; 1.true, 2.false, 3.false, 4.true;

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come out leave a room or a building wyjść reveal, say publicly (e.g. that you are gay) ujawnić, wyjść na jaw, powiedzieć publicznie (np. że jest się homoseksualistą) be published, appear, to become known być opublikowanym, ukazać się, disappear (of a stain) zniknąć, zejść (o plamie) come out in (e.g. a rash) be covered in spots due dostać wysypki to allergy or illnesscome round visit sb odwiedzić kogoś, wpaść do kogoś become conscious odzyskać przytomność (również: come to)

The truth came out during the interrogation. Podczas przesłuchania, prawda wyszła na jaw.Her latest book has just come out. Właśnie ukazała się jej ostatnia książka.The stain will come out when you soak your Ta plama zejdzie, gdy namoczysz na 20 minutblouse for about 20 minutes in this liquid. bluzkę w tym płynie.I came out in a rash after I ate some nuts. Po zjedzeniu orzechów dostałem wysypki.I have a lot of work to do so I can’t come out Mam masę pracy, więc nie mogę dziś wyjść.with you today. Don’t phone, just come round. I have Nie dzwoń, po prostu wpadnij. Mam domowe ciasto.a home-made cake. We sprinkled cold water over his face Spryskaliśmy mu twarz zimną wodą and then he came round. i wtedy odzyskał przytomność.

Your turn now! Choose the right preposition to complete the sentences.

1. Everything will come ______ in court.2. She came ______ to her parents and of course they were shocked.3. He came ______ soon after he got the injection.

Match the questions with the answers.1. When do you expect your poem to be published? a. Jenny came round for a cup of coffee.2. When was the secret revealed? b. I came out in a rash after I applied this lotion.3. When will the exam results be known? c. It should come out next month.4. Are you allergic to something? d. They should come out next Monday.5. Has anybody been here? e. It came out during the wedding party.

COME out | out in | round

Answer Key 1.out, 2.out, 3.round; 1.c, 2.e, 3.d, 4.b, 5.a;

22

come through survive przetrwać, przeżyć, przeprawiać się arrive (a message), become known przyjść (wiadomość), ogłosićcome up mention poruszyć (problem, kwestia), wspomnieć (coś), pojawić się, paść approach, come nearer podejść (bliżej) come up with suggest sth zasugerować coś, wyjść z jakimś pomysłem, wymyślić coś

Most of the soldiers came through the battle Większość żołnierzy przetrwała bitwę unharmed. bez ran.The question of where to go on holiday has Sprawa, gdzie pojechać na urlop nigdy never come up. się nie pojawiła./Nigdy nie zastanawialiśmy się, dokąd pojechać na urlop.A stranger came up to us and began to sing. Nieznajomy podszedł do nas i zaczął śpiewać.During our last meeting Mike came up with Podczas naszego ostatniego spotkania Mike a very clever idea. wyszedł z bardzo sprytnym pomysłem.

Your turn now!Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition.1. A terraced house in my street came ______ for sale last week.2. Unexpectedly, Jeff came ______ a great idea.3. Our house came ______ the flood without much damage.4. The exam results have just come ______.

Join the broken sentences. 1. The minister came up with an interesting suggestion a) the fighting unharmed.2. Something urgent has come up at work b) breaking the locks.3. Most of the soldiers came through c) how to solve the problem of school uniforms.4. The thief came up and started d) so I’ll be late for dinner tonight.

Translate into English using suitable phrasal verbs.1. Faks przyszedł w piątek o 9.00. _____________________________________________________2. Adam wystąpił z pomysłem zorganizowania konkursu. ___________________________________3. Przetrwaliśmy najcięższy okres. ____________________________________________________4. Podczas rozmowy kwalifikacyjnej mogą paść tego typu pytania. ____________________________5. Sprawa twojej podwyżki nie była poruszona. __________________________________________

COME through | up | up with

Answer Key 1.up, 2.up with, 3.through, 4.through; 1.c, 2.d, 3.a, 4.b; 1.The fax came through on Friday at 9.00. 2.Adam came up with an idea of

organizing a competition. 3.We came through the most difficult time. 4.This type of question may come up during the interview. 5.The issue of your pay-rise hasn’t come up.

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count down wait, count backwards czekać, odliczaćcount in include wliczać, przyłączać sięcount on expect liczyć na

We have begun counting down to the end Zaczęliśmy odliczać dni do końca roku of the school year. szkolnego.We’re organizing a party; can we count you in? Organizujemy imprezę; przyłączysz się?We’re counting on you! Liczymy na ciebie!

Your turn now! Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition.

1. Don’t count ______ him, he’ll refuse to help.2. Sure, count me ______. I’ll be happy to go with you.3. Everybody started to count ______ to the New Year.4. We’re counting ______ the days till the end of the exams.

Do the crossword.Across 2. They can no longer count ____ her to look after their dog while they’re away.4. If I were you, I ____ count on her help.5. She ____ always count on her mother for support.7. Let’s count ____ the ratings from 20 to number 1.Down 1. Let’s ____ down the days till we say farewell to this place.2. Do you think the ____ person you can count on best is yourself?3. The coach has ____ him in for the next match.6. She told me to count her ____ for the tour.

COUNT down | in | on

Answer Key 1.on, 2.in, 3.down, 4.down; Across: 2.on, 4.wouldn’t, 5.can, 7.down; Down: 1.count, 2.only, 3.counted, 6.in;

1

2

3

4

5

6

7

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cut back (on) reduce zmniejszać, redukować, ograniczać cut down chop down ścinać reduce, use less zmniejszać, redukować, ograniczać kill zabić, zastrzelićcut off disconnect odłączyć remove odciąć, odkroićcut out cut sth from a magazine wyciąć coś z czasopisma fit (by nature) nadawać się (z natury) desist, stop doing sth, exclude wyciąć, zaprzestać, wykluczyć

Change your cooking style and cut back on meat. Zmień swój styl gotowania i ogranicz mięso.They are going to cut down all the trees Wytną wszystkie drzewa na ulicy.in the street. Doctors told her to cut down on the amount Lekarze kazali jej ograniczyć ilość słodyczy.of sweets she ate. Many soldiers were cut down during the battle. Wielu żołnierzy zostało zabitych podczas bitwy.The Internet has been cut off because we Internet został odłączony, ponieważ didn’t pay the bill. nie zapłaciliśmy rachunku.She cut off a big piece of meat. Odkroiła duży kawałek mięsa.I’ve cut some pictures out from a magazine Wycięłam kilka ilustracji z czasopisma, to use them in class with my students. aby użyć ich na lekcji.I’m not cut out to be a doctor. Nie nadaję się na lekarza.I must cut out salt from my diet. Muszę wyeliminować sól z mojej diety.

Answer Key 1.down/back, 2.out, 3.down, 4.off; 1.You should cut down/back on smoking. 2.Cut off the sleeves of this blouse. 3.Cut out chocolate from

your diet 4.We’ve been cut off from the electricity supply./The electricity supply has been cut off.

Your turn now!Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition.1. I’m trying to cut ______ on the amount of coffee I drink during the day.2. He is cut ______ to be an actor.3. Let’s cut ______ the bushes in front of the terrace to have a better view over the garden..4. The telephone operator has cut us ______ so we can’t make any calls for the time being.

Translate into English using the phrasal verbs given above.1. Powinieneś ograniczyć palenie. ____________________________________________________2. Odetnij rękawy od tej bluzki. ______________________________________________________3. Wyeliminuj czekoladę ze swojej diety. _______________________________________________4. Odcięto nam prąd. ______________________________________________________________

CUT back | down | off | out

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die away gradually disappear, cease wyginąć, ustać, ucichnąćdie down become quieter, less strong or less violent wygasnąć, uspokoić się, przycichnąćdie off become extinct, die in a short period of time wyginąć, wymrzeć, uschnąćdie out become extinct, disappear wyginąć, wymrzeć, zaprzestać

When the applause died away, he started to sing. Gdy ucichły oklaski, zaczął śpiewać.When all the fuss dies down, I’ll try to talk to him. Kiedy to całe zamieszanie się uspokoi, spróbuję z nim porozmawiać.The eagle may die off if we ruin their habitats. Orły mogą wyginąć, jeśli będziemy niszczyć ich środowisko.Some scientists claim that dinosaurs died out Niektórzy naukowcy twierdzą, że dinozaury when a comet hit the Earth and the wymarły, gdy kometa uderzyła w Ziemię climate changed. i nastąpiła zmiana klimatu.

DIE away | down | off | out

Your turn now! Join the broken sentences.

1. Her scream gradually died away a) and it began to snow.2. The rumours will soon die down b) when Dutch elm disease arrived.3. The wind slowly died away c) so don’t worry about your reputation.4. The interest gradually died down d) and there was silence again.5. Most of the elm trees in the area died off e) after it had been on the front pages for a few days.

Do the crossword.Across 2. Many Indian communities are ____ out.5. Many traditions have died out ____ the last 60 years.6. The panda is in ____ of dying out.7. The rain is expected ____ die out overnight.8. The flowers have died ____ and the lawn looks sad.10. You should leave for a while ____ the fuss dies down.Down 1. Why does the wind usually ____ down at night?2. The wind has ____ down at last.3. The sound of his footsteps ____ died away.4. Let’s wait for the laughter to die ____.7. I drive at night when the ____ dies away.9. Unfortunately, this tradition died ____ before WW II.

Answer Key 1.d, 2.c, 3.a, 4.e, 5.b; Across: 2.dying, 5.during, 6.danger, 7.to, 8.away, 10.until; Down: 1.die, 2.died, 3.gradually, 4.down, 7.traffic, 9.out;

1

2 3 4

5

6

7

8

9

10

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do away with eliminate, abolish, get rid of pozbyć się, skończyć z czymś, znieść coś kill sb skończyć z kimś, zabićdo sb in kill sb zabić exhaust, make tired, ruin wykończyć, zmęczyć, zrujnowaćdo out clean sprzątać decorate (e.g. a room) udekorować (np. pokój), urządzić

The death penalty has been done away with Kara śmierci została zniesiona w wielu krajach.in many countries.People think he’s done away with his wife. Ludzie myślą, że on zabił swoją żonę.Working long hours really did me in. Praca do późnych godzin naprawdę mnie wykończyła.Somebody did him in to get his money. Ktoś go zabił dla jego pieniądzy.I’ll do out the kitchen while you go shopping. Posprzątam kuchnię, kiedy ty pójdziesz na zakupy.The room was beautifully done out Pokój był pięknie urządzony w wiejskim stylu.in country-house style.

DO away with | in | out

Your turn now!Which of the sentences has the closest meaning to the one above?1. I’m going to do out the bathroom with blue tiles.

a) I’m going to clean the tiles in the bathroom.b) I’m going to have new tiles put in the bathroom.

2. They should do away with all that paperwork and red tape in this country.a) There is too much bureaucracy in this country.b) People need more time to fill the forms and questionnaires.

3. Most parents think schools should do away with long summer breaks.a) Most parents are against long summer school breaks.b) Most parents are for long summer school breaks.

Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition.1. Huge losses on the stock market did many investors ______.2. My cat ate a whole bar of chocolate and I was terrified that it would do him ______.3. Before I moved to Glasgow, I had to do ______ with all the stuff I wasn’t going to take along.4. Computerization made it possible to do away ______ a lot of paperwork.5. I’ll do ______ the balcony in the meantime.

Answer Key 1.b, 2.a, 3.a; 1.in, 2.in, 3.away, 4.with, 5. out;

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do over do sth again zrobić ponownie, przerobić steal things from a place obrabować, „zrobić”do up fasten zapiąć (guziki, zamek błyskawiczny) repair or redecorate sth naprawić, odnowićdo without manage (without) poradzić sobie (bez), obejść się

The composition was full of mistakes and Wypracowanie było pełne błędów, więc musiał he had to do it over. napisać je jeszcze raz.When I opened the door I immediately Gdy otworzyłam drzwi, od razu zauważyłam, noticed that the flat had been done over. że mieszkanie zostało obrabowane.Do up your shirt. Zapnij koszulę.We had to do up the flat before we could move in. Musieliśmy wyremontować mieszkanie, zanim mogliśmy się wprowadzić.She can’t do without TV. Ona nie może obejść się bez telewizji.

DO over | up | without

Your turn now! Join the broken sentences.

1. Can you do without milk and cheese a) because they have relied on it for so long.2. The teacher told him his assignment was very poor b) and still have strong bones?3. I wonder how they will do without their c) and he had to do it over. grandparents’ help4. The flat was so ruined d) that I had to do up all the rooms.

Complete the sentences with a suitable preposition.1. As there was no Internet cafe in the village, we had to do ______ the Internet for three weeks.2. I spent the whole summer doing ______ the flat and it looks quite cosy now.3. Do ______ your shoelaces before you fall down.4. Soon after they had left for work, their place was done ______ and their computer got stolen.

Translate into English using suitable phrasal verbs.1. Przerób ten artykuł, żeby był krótszy. ________________________________________________2. Nie mogę zapiąć zamka w spodniach. ________________________________________________3. Musieliśmy obejść się bez kolacji. ___________________________________________________4. Napraw zlew, dobrze? ___________________________________________________________

Answer Key 1.b, 2.c, 3.a, 4.d; 1.without, 2.up, 3.up, 4.over; 1.Do this article over so it is shorter. 2.I can’t do the zip up in my trousers. 3.We had to

do without supper. 4.Do the sink up, will you?

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drop in visit sb informally wpaść do kogośdrop off fall asleep zasnąć, przysnąć become less or smaller zmniejszyć się drive sb to a place podrzucić kogoś, podwieźćdrop out stop belonging to a group, odpaść, rzucić stop attending a school Why don’t you drop in when you are in Warsaw? Może byś wpadł, kiedy będziesz w Warszawie?She was so tired that she dropped off Była tak zmęczona, że zasnęła na kanapie.to sleep on the sofa.Attendance at the classes dropped off significantly Frekwencja na lekcjach zmniejszyła się when the weather improved. znacznie, gdy pogoda się poprawiła.I’ll drop you off at the airport. Podrzucę cię na lotnisko.Paul has dropped out of school. Paul rzucił szkołę.

Your turn now!Join the broken sentences.1. Drop in to see us a) because he found it boring.2. Temperatures will drop off quickly b) and went to work.3. Jack dropped out from school c) to say hello.4. He dropped her off at the supermarket d) when it starts to rain. 5. She just dropped in e) next time you are in Lublin.

Do the crossword.Across 1. I’ll drop you ____ at the bus stop.2. I dropped off and ____ hear anything.4. Will you ____ the children off at school?5. Drop ____ to see us some time.Down 1. Steve dropped ____ of college.2. I heard a shot when I was ____ off.3. Adam finally ____ off to sleep around midnight.

DROP in | off | out

Answer Key 1.e, 2.d, 3.a, 4.b, 5.c; Across: 1.off, 2.didn’t, 4.drop, 5.in; Down: 1.out, 2.dropping, 3.dropped;

1

2 3

4

5

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eat in have a meal at home jeść w domueat out have a meal in a restaurant jeść na mieście, w restauracjieat up eat all the food zjeść

I don’t want to eat in tonight. Nie chcę jeść w domu dziś wieczorem.We didn’t have time to cook Nie mieliśmy czasu, aby coś ugotować w domu, at home so we decided to eat out. więc postanowiliśmy zjeść coś na mieście.He has eaten up all the pasta. Zjadł cały makaron.

Your turn now! Match the sentences with the pictures.

a) They often eat out because they can’t cook.b) They eat in as it is cheaper than eating in restaurants.c) They have just eaten up the cake.

Choose the suitable preposition to complete the sentences.1. If we ever eat ______, we always go to an Indian restaurant.2. Eat ______ all your vegetables; they’re good for you.3. I’ve cooked something delicious so we’ll eat ______ tonight.4. Somebody has eaten ______ all the apples; there aren’t any left, sorry.

Choose the sentence which has the closest meaning.1. Hurry up, Jeff! Eat up your lunch and off we go. a) As soon as Jeff finishes his lunch, they will go out. b) Jeff is eating his lunch very quickly.2. I find eating out more exciting than eating at home. a) This person prefers to cook at home. b) This person prefers to go to the restaurant.3. It’s ages since I have eaten out. Thank you for inviting me. a) This person seldom eats in the restaurant. b) This person often goes to the restaurant.

EAT in | out | up

Answer Key 1.a, 2.c, 3.b; 1out, 2.up, 3.in, 4.up; 1.a, 2.b,3.a;

1 2 3

czasowniki frazowe. język angielski phrasal verbs

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