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D E T A I L E D P R O J E C T R E P O R T O F M U N I C I P A L S O L I D W A S T E M A N A G E M E N T

Final Report

Solid Waste Management

Detailed Project Report


Prepared by: AIILSG Pune

Prepared For: Town Municipal Council Saundatti

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS ........................................................................................................ 2

1 PROJECT BACKGROUND .............................................................................................. 9

1.1 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 9 1.2 PROBLEMS DUE TO SOLID WASTE 10 1.3 CURRENT STATUS OF SWM IN INDIA 10 1.4 INITIATIVES TO IMPROVE SWM IN INDIA 10 1.5 PROJECT BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES 14 1.6 SCOPE OF THE STUDY 14 1.7 REPORT OVERVIEW 15 1.8 WORK DONE IN THIS STUDY 16 1.9 STRUCTURE OF THE REPORT 18

2 TOWN PROFILE ......................................................................................................... 20

2.1 BACKGROUND & HISTORY 20 2.2 PROFILE OF THE TOWN 20 2.3 TOPOGRAPHY AND CLIMATE 20 2.4 POPULATION OF THE TOWN 21 2.5 SLUM POPULATION 23 2.6 POPULATION DENSITY 24 2.7 FLOATING POPULATION 24 2.8 COMMERCIAL AREA 24 2.9 MAJOR TOURIST CENTRES 24 2.10 SAUNDATTI TOWN MUNICIPAL COUNCIL 25

3 PRESENT SYSTEM OF SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT ................................................... 26

3.1 THE PRESENT SCENARIO OF SWM SYSTEM IN SAUNDATTI 26 3.2 POPULATION PROJECTION 27 3.3 WASTE GENERATION PROJECTION 28 3.4 WASTE COLLECTION 29 3.5 SECONDARY STORAGE AND TRANSPORT 30 3.6 STREET SWEEPING 33 3.7 PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OF WASTE 34 3.8 STAFF INVOLVED IN SWM 35 3.9 MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE COMPOSITION 36 3.10 PRESENT INCOME &EXPENDITURE ON SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 37




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4 ISSUES AND GAPS IN THE PRESENT MANAGEMENT SYSTEM OF MSW ........................ 39

4.1 GAPS AND ISSUES IN SAUNDATTI 39

5 POTENTIAL STRATEGIES SUGGESTED FOR MSWM ...................................................... 40

5.1 PROPOSED CONCEPT FOR WASTE MANAGEMENT 40 5.2 PROPOSED WASTE FLOW PROCESSES 44 5.3 STORAGE OF WASTE AT SOURCE 45 5.4 SEGREGATION OF WASTE AT SOURCE 45 5.5 DOOR TO DOOR COLLECTION 46 5.6 SLAUGHTERHOUSE WASTE 49 5.7 BIOMEDICAL WASTE 49 5.8 DRY WASTE AND E WASTE COLLECTION CENTERS 50 5.9 CONSTRUCTION AND DEMOLITION WASTE 52 5.10 ZERO WASTE MANAGEMENT 53

6 PROPOSED PROCESSING FACILITY .............................................................................. 55

6.1 TECHNOLOGY SELECTION 55 6.2 AEROBIC COMPOSTING 56 6.3 PROCESSING DECOMPOSED GARBAGE 60 6.4 PROPOSED INFRASTRUCTURE AT LANDFILL SITE 60 6.5 DESIGN OF RECOMMENDED PROCESSING AND DISPOSAL OPTIONS 63 6.6 VERMI COMPOSTING 71

7 DESIGN OF LANDFILL ................................................................................................. 72

7.1 DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF SANITARY LANDFILL FACILITY 72 7.2 BIO- REMEDIATION AT PREVIOUS ENGINEERING SITE 72 7.3 LEACHATE FROM LANDFILL 83 7.4 TREATMENT OF LEACHATE –PHYTORID TREATMENT PLANT 84 7.5 MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS FOR SANITARY LANDFILL 85 7.6 OPERATION PLAN OF SANITARY LANDFILL 88

8 INSTITUTIONAL ASPECTS AND CAPACITY BUILDING ................................................... 99

8.1 DECENTRALIZATION OF ADMINISTRATION 99 8.2 DELEGATION OF POWERS 100 8.3 WORK NORMS 100 8.4 INDUCTION OF ENVIRONMENTAL/PUBLIC HEALTH ENGINEERS 102 8.5 HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT 103




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8.6 THE ENTIRE ADMINISTRATION OF SWM DEPARTMENT TO BE UNDER ONE UMBRELLA 105 8.7 INTER DEPARTMENTAL CO-ORDINATION 105 8.8 ENCOURAGEMENT TO NGO’S AND WASTE COLLECTOR CO-OPERATIVES 106 8.9 PUBLIC AWARENESS 108

9 SUMMARY OF FINANCIAL REQUIREMENT ................................................................ 116

9.1 REQUIREMENT OF CAPITAL COST 116 9.2 FUNDING PATTERN 117 9.3 DETAILED BOQ AND ESTIMATION 118 9.4 REQUIREMENT OF OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE COST 172 9.5 REVENUE FROM SALE OF COMPOST & USER CHARGES 173 9.6 FINANCING O & M EXPENSES 175 9.7 BREAKUP OF FINANCIAL ASPECT 175

ANNEXURE 1. LEGAL ASPECTS .................................................................................... 176

ANNEXURE 2. SOLID WASTE CHEMICAL ANALYSIS ...................................................... 186

ANNEXURE 3. WASTE GENERATION ESTIMATION ....................................................... 187

ANNEXURE 4. HH SURVEY ANALYSIS .......................................................................... 189

ANNEXURE 5. EXISTING AND PROPOSED ROUTE MAP FOR COLLECTION AND TRANSPORT VEHICLES 197

ANNEXURE 6. DESIGNS FOR PROPOSED WASTE PROCESSING FACILITY ....................... 198

ANNEXURE 7. MACHINE SPECIFICATIONS AT PROCESSING FACILITY ............................ 199

ANNEXURE 8. NORMATIVE STANDARDS FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 209

ANNEXURE 9. OFFICE MEMORANDUM FOR GOI SHARE .............................................. 211

ANNEXURE 10. MINIMUM WAGES ACT GOK 2016 ...................................................... 212

ANNEXURE 11. QUOTATIONS ..................................................................................... 215




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LIST OF TABLES

Table 1-1: Indicative Plans for Municipal Solid Waste Management ...................................... 14

Table 1-2Consultant Team’s Field Visit Details ........................................................................ 17

Table 2-1: Population of Saundatti .......................................................................................... 21

Table 2-2: Ward-wise population ............................................................................................ 23

Table 2-3: Slum Settlements .................................................................................................... 23

Table 2-4: Slum Settlements .................................................................................................... 24

Table 3-1: Waste Generation Estimation ................................................................................. 26

Table 3-2: Ward Wise Waste Generation ................................................................................ 27

Table 3-3: Population Projections ............................................................................................ 28

Table 3-4: Estimated Solid Waste Generation in Future ......................................................... 29

Table 3-5: quantification based on no. of trips to the landfill site .......................................... 31

Table 3-7 Physical composition of waste in Percentage ......................................................... 36

Table 3-8 Chemical Composition of the Waste ....................................................................... 37

Table 3-9: Revenue Income on SWM ...................................................................................... 37

Table 3-10: Expenditure on MSWM ........................................................................................ 38

Table 5-1: Details of Personal Protective Equipments ............................................................ 48

Table 5-2: Vehicles for Collection & Transport ........................................................................ 49

Table 6-1 Details of Landfill Layout at Saundatti ..................................................................... 57

Table 7-1 Design Fundamentals of Sanitary Landfill site ......................................................... 72

Table 7-2: Area at Landfill Site after Bioremediation and Segregation ................................... 73

Table 7-3 Cost Estimate for development of Sanitary Landfill ................................................ 83

Table 7-4 Leachate generation ................................................................................................ 83

Table 7-5 Estimation of Leachate Tank .................................................................................... 83

Table 7-6 Activities to be carried out under environment monitoring plan ........................... 97

Table 8-1: Training Requirement for Municipal Workers ...................................................... 104

Table 8-2: Action Plan for target groups ................................................................................ 114

Table 9-1: Cost Estimate for proposed vehicles, Equipment and machinery ........................ 116

Table 9-2: Estimated Budget expenditure ............................................................................. 117

Table 9-3: Requirement of Manpower .................................................................................. 172

Table 9-4 O&M cost requirement for manpower.................................................................. 172




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Table 9-5 O&M Expenditure .................................................................................................. 173

Table 9-6: Proposed Revenue Generation ............................................................................. 173

LIST OF FIGURES

Figure 2-1 Ward Wise Map of the Town .................................................................................. 22

Figure 2-2 Organization Structure of the ULB ......................................................................... 25

Figure 3-1 population projection for the ULB .......................................................................... 28

Figure 3-3 Contour Map for SWM site Saundatti .................................................................... 35

Figure 5-1: Two (2) -bin system for dry and wet waste ........................................................... 41

Figure 5-2: Storage of municipal solid waste in public places/parks ....................................... 41

Figure 5-3Proposed Waste flowchart for Saundatti ................................................................ 44

Figure 6-1 Layout Plan for SWM site Saundatti ....................................................................... 58

Table 6-2: Details of Common Facilities proposed at site ....................................................... 59

Table 6-3: Details of Structures Proposed ............................................................................... 59

Figure 6-4 Details of Different Layers in Recharge Pit ............................................................. 63

Figure 6-6: Squeeze test to estimate moisture content .......................................................... 65

Figure 6-7 : SWM Waste Process flow Chart ........................................................................... 70

Figure 7-1: Options for Treatment of Existing MSW Dump on the Site .................................. 73

Figure 7-2: Line Placement at edges of Landfill ....................................................................... 75

Figure 7-3: Line Placement at edges of Landfill ....................................................................... 75

Figure 7-4: Placement of the HDPE Liner over the Clay liner .................................................. 76

Figure 7-5: Placement of the Gravel Drainage Layer and Geotextile over the Clay liner ........ 76

Figure 7-6: Leachate Collection Pipes are to be connected to a sumpthrough the liner ........ 76

Figure 7-7: Welding of HDPE Geomembrane .......................................................................... 77

Figure 7-8: Welding of Leachate Pipes .................................................................................... 79

Figure 7-9: Support of Leachate Pipes ..................................................................................... 80

Figure 7-10 Phytorid Treatment .............................................................................................. 84




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ABBREVIATIONS

ADP Annual Development Plan KM Kilo Meter AIILSG All India Institute of Local Self Government LS Lump Sum APL Above Poverty Line M Municipality ATR Action taken Report M & E Monitoring & Evaluation BPL Below Poverty Line M3 Cubic Meter CAA Constitutional Amendment Act MIC Mayor in Council CBO Community Based Organizations MIS Municipal Information System CDP City Development Plan MLD Million Liters per Day CDS Community Development Society LPCD Liters per capita per day CII Confederation of Indian Industries WRD Water Resource Department (GoK) CMO Chief Municipal Officer KSPCB Karnataka State Pollution Control Board

CPHEEO Central Public Health and Environment Engineering Organization

MSW Municipal solid Waste

DCHB District Census Handbook NGO Non Government Organization DDP Draft Development Plan NH National Highway DFID Department of International Development NP Nagar Parishad DLB Directorate of Local Bodies NSDP National Slum Development Policy DM District Magistrate O & M Operation & Maintenance DoE Department of Environment OG Outer Growth DoHFW Department of Health and Family Welfare OHT Over Head Tank

EPCO Environmental Planning and Coordination Organization

OSD Open Sewerage Disposal

EWS Economically Weaker Sections PHED Public health Engineering Department GIS Geographical Information System PPH Persons per Hectare GoI Government of India PPP Public Private Partnership GoK Government of Karnataka PRA Participatory Rapid Assessment GSR Ground Structure Reservoir PWD Public Work Department H&ED Housing and Environment Department SH State Highway

HUDCO Housing and Urban Development Corporation Ltd

SWM Solid Waste Management

INTACH Indian National Trust for Art and Cultural Heritage

ULB Urban Local Body

JNNURM Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

TCPO Town and Country Planning Organization

KL Kilo liter UADD Urban Administration and Development Department




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AIILSG TEAM

Name Degree / Experience Position Held in AIILSG

Mr. Ashish Deosthali B.E Civil, M.E in Environment Engineer Director General

Dr. Abhijeet Khandage Ph.D. Geology GIS Consultant

Mr. Sushil Sapakale DCE GIS Consultant

Mr. Nikhil Vaiude B. Arch, M. Plan (Environmental Planning) Associate Project Director

Mr. Gajanan Deshpande B.A.M.S, M.Sc. (Habitat Policy and Practice)

Programme Officer

CA Tushar Shah Chartered Accountant Municipal Finance Specialist

Mr. Aniruddha Padale Master of Social Work (MSW), Social Development Expert

Mr. Mandar Antrolikar B.Sc, Diploma in GIS Assistant Director

Mrs. Priya Kapole M.sc Environmental Science Programme Officer

Ms. Anuradha Ambekar B. Sc. Microbiology, PG Diploma in Urban

Planning and Development (pursuing) Programme Officer

Ms. Sayali B Ghogare B Arch, M-Tech (Town Planning) Programme Officer

Mrs. Monali Kachale B.E Civil Programme Officer

Ms. Ranjana Shedage M.A. Geography, M.Sc.Geoinformatics Programme Officer, GIS

Mr. Gaurav Pawar M.Tech Civil Environment Programme Officer

Mr. Onkar Patil B.E. Environment Programme Officer




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1 Project Background

Waste disposal is one of the major problems being faced over the world and India is no

exception. Management of Solid Waste, though an essential service, is given low priority.

This, coupled with lack of financial resources, institutional weaknesses, improper choice of

technology & rapid urbanization, whose ramifications are more pronounced with

uncontrolled growth rate of population, has made this service far from satisfactory, thus

creating serious environmental and health problems.

1.1 Solid Waste Management

Solid Waste Management (SWM) is an organized process of storage, collection,

transportation, processing, and disposal of solid refuse residuals in an engineered sanitary

landfill. It is an integrated process comprising several collection methods, varied

transportation equipment, storage, recovery mechanisms for recyclable material, reduction

of waste volume, and quantity by methods such as composting; refuse derived fuel (RDF),

waste-to-energy, and disposal in a designated engineered sanitary landfill.

The selection of a suitable SWM process is driven by the source and quality of waste

produced. Solid waste is generated from a number of sources which include households

(kitchen and yard), commercial areas (shops, hotels and restaurants), industries (raw

material and packaging), institutions (schools, hospitals and offices), construction and

demolition sites, wild and domesticated animals (carcasses of dead animals, manure), parks

(fallen branches, leaves from trees), and streets (sand, silt, clay, concrete, bricks, asphalt,

residues from air deposition, and dust).

Collection

Transportation

Recovery

Recycling / Disposal

Analysis




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1.2 Problems Due To Solid Waste

Accumulation of solid waste in open areas is an eyesore, diminishing real estate and

property value, a breeding ground for insects, and other vectors (rats and mice, wild and

domesticated animals). It also causes odour nuisance, reflects the unorganized nature of the

community, and creates a poor environment for growing children.

Improper and unorganized disposal of Municipal Solid Waste (MSW) in open areas and

landfills have a negative impact on the living conditions of human beings as well as the

overall environment. It results in spread of communicable and non-communicable diseases

among human beings and animals, thus affecting the welfare, livelihood, and economic

productivity. In addition, it causes contamination of soil, surface water, ground water and

generation of toxic and greenhouse gases. However, using adequate information, resources,

and efficient management practices, one can turn solid waste into a useful resource.

1.3 Current Status of SWM in India

Management of Solid Wastes is of growing concern to the general public at large, local

authorities and business communities in cities and towns across India. The problem is

exacerbating in urban areas due to rapid strides in population growth, coupled with an

economic boom that encourages the consumption of goods and, hence, wastes generation.

As per Census 2011, the urban population accounts for 31.16 percent of the total Indian

population.

The Local Governing Bodies (LGBs), viz. municipalities and municipal corporations, are

responsible for providing SWM services in the urban areas. In most of the urban areas,

insufficient funds, use of obsolete/ inefficient technologies, lack of public

awareness/training, and improper infrastructure have resulted in a state of poor SWM.

1.4 Initiatives to Improve SWM in India

In recent years, the Government of India has taken several initiatives to improve existing

SWM practices in the country. Some of the key initiatives and recommendations are

discussed below:




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1.4.1 Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules

The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), Government of India, published

“Municipal Solid Waste (Management and Handling) Rules 2016” (MSW Rules 2016). These

rules were developed in conformance with Sections 3, 6 and 25 of the Environment

Protection Act, 1986 and aim at standardization and enforcement of SWM practices in the

urban sector. They dictate that, “Every municipal authority shall, within the territorial area

of the municipality, be responsible for the implementation of the provisions of these rules

and infrastructure development for collection, storage segregation, transportation,

processing and disposal of municipal solid wastes”. In addition, “the CPCB shall coordinate

with State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) and Pollution Control Committees (PCCs) in the

matters of MSW disposal and its management and handling”.

1.4.2 Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission

The Jawaharlal Nehru National Urban Renewal Mission (JNNURM) is a notable initiative

undertaken by Government of India. JNNURM provides funding for urban infrastructure

development in 67 cities and towns of the country. This mission was initiated in 2006 and is

slated to continue until 2011.

1.4.3 Urban Infrastructure Development Scheme for Small and Medium

Towns

The primary objective of this scheme is to improve the urban infrastructure in towns and

cities in a planned manner and to promote public–private partnership (PPP) in infrastructure

development. This scheme was introduced in the year 2005-06 and will continue for seven

years. This scheme is applicable to all cities/towns as per 2001 census, except the

cities/towns covered under the JNNURM. One of the components of this scheme is to renew

the old sewerage and solid waste disposal systems in inner (old) areas.

1.4.4 Swachh Bharat Mission

Swachh Bharat Mission (SBM) was launched on 2nd of October, 2014 with a vision to

achieve a clean India as a tribute to the father of the nation, Mahatma Gandhi, on his 150th

birth anniversary, in 2019. SBM is being implemented by the Ministry of Urban

Development (M/o UD) and by the Ministry of Drinking Water and Sanitation (M/o DWS) for




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urban and rural areas with a given set of guidelines for improved sanitary services and

capacity building initiatives.

Municipal Solid Waste Management (MSWM) a major component of the SBM (urban)-

“refers to a systematic process that comprises of waste segregation and storage at source,

primary collection, secondary storage, transportation, secondary segregation, resource

recovery, processing, treatment, and final disposal of solid waste.”

Under the provisions of SWM, the local bodies are to prepare Detailed Project Reports in

consultation with the state government based on the identified needs of the City Sanitation

Plans. Provision also mentions clustering of smaller cities for attracting Private investment.

The DPRs should be prepared in lines with Govt. of India’s goals outlined in the NUSP 2008,

SWM rules, advisories, CPHEEO manuals (including cost recovery mechanisms), O&M

practices and Service-level Benchmark advisories released by M/o UD and Manual on

Municipal Solid Waste Management, 2016.

States will contribute a minimum of 25% funds for SWM projects to match 75% Central

Share (10% in the case of North East States and special category states). 80% of the urban

population to be covered by SWM services (allowing for a 2% increase year on year)

covering all statutory towns. 1 Central government Grant / VGF may also be used to

promote projects of waste to energy.

1.4.5 Finance Commission Recommendations

Constituted by the President of India, under Article 280 of the constitution, the Finance

Commission is to recommend on distribution of central tax revenues between the Union

and the States. Supporting Local bodies through grant, subsequent to the passage of the

73rd and 74th constitutional amendments was first time announced in the 10th Finance

Commission for providing basic services at the grassroots level and strengthening

decentralization.

The 13th Finance Commission has recommended two categories of Grants to Local Bodies

namely (1) General Basic Grant and (2) General Performance Grant. The Basic Grants will be

released on furnishing the U.Cs for the last releases and the General Performance Grant will

be released on fulfilment of nine conditions by the State Government, as stipulated in para

10.16.1 of the report of the 13th Finance Commission by March of a particular financial




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year. Performance-related funds under the 13th Finance Commission have been linked to

improvements in SLBs including SWM.

Further, in 2009, MoUD initiated Service Level Benchmarking (SLB) with respect to basic

municipal services including solid waste management. SLB has been introduced in 30 states

and across 1700 ULBs. Performance-related funds under the 13th Finance Commission have

been linked to improvements in SLBs including SWM. The 13th Finance Commission also

recommends that of all grants to be given to the ULBs, 50% should be for SWM (2010-

2015). Moreover, the Ministry of New and Renewable Energy has funded five Waste-to-

Energy plants for utilization of MSW. The grant recommended to ULBs in Andhra Pradesh is

Rs. 1919.20 crores for the XIII FC period of 2010- 2015. Under such grant every local body is

mandated preparing an Annual Development Plan where in the component integrated solid

waste management under PPP mode (excluding purchase of equipment for collection and

transport of garbage) is to be incorporated.

1.4.6 National Green Tribunal Recommendations

CPCB has framed and notified the “Action Plan for Management of Municipal Solid Waste

(MSW)” in compliance with the National Green Tribunal order dated 5th Feb-2015 in the

matter of OA No. 199 of 2014. The Action Plan emphasizes on strengthening the planning

exercise at national, state as well as city level by improvising through the waste

management value chain. In addition to that, The Plan suggested the concept of regional

cluster approach as well as technology options on the basis of quantum of MSW generation

which has been re-produced below in nutshell.

The Regional Cluster approach is based on the concept of discouraging setting up of

individual waste processing and disposal facilities leading to mushrooming of innumerable

facilities which are difficult to monitor and sustain. The approach requires a detailed survey

of the study area and identification of location for regional facility with adequate size of land

free from public objections. An indicative distance of say up to 50 km for each local body

may be feasible based on local condition, fixing of criteria by the local body to transport the

waste for common disposal point without causing public nuisance and traffic hurdles.

However, alternate options can be worked out for smaller local bodies. Common facility

should be ‘integrated’ with facilities for sorting, compost, RDF and energy plant and

followed by inert recycling/re-use. Only a fraction of inert waste should go for land-filling.




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The Action Plan has outlined indicative plan based on the quantum of waste generated in

the cluster. The indicative plans have been given for towns in four ranges of waste

generation.

TABLE 1-1: INDICATIVE PLANS FOR MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

Range Plan

>500 TPD

Modernization/ mechanization of waste storage and transportation facilities Privatization/ contract with ‘operators’ for collection of waste from various sources and its transportation Seeking support of Private entrepreneurship in setting up of waste processing and disposal facility

Between 100-500 TPD

Modernization/ mechanization of waste storage and transportation facilities Privatization/ contract with ‘operators’ for collection of waste from various sources and its transportation Seeking support of Private entrepreneurship in setting up of waste processing and disposal facility

Less than 100 TPD

Proper system for waste collection, storage and transportation considering the local situation. Aerobic composting ·Such towns can be the member of Cluster/Regional facility

Less than 50 TPD

Technological solutions which could be managed without high skill operations ·Proper collection of waste and motivating citizens for segregation of waste Composting.

1.5 Project Background & Objectives

There is a need to enhance the existing MSWM system for Town Municipal Council (TMC)

and thus improve the health and living standards of its residents. The purpose of this project

is to identify the existing MSWM practices within the town, recognize deficiencies/gaps in

the present system and propose a comprehensive plan for MSWM including segregation,

collection, transportation and regional/cluster approach for processing & scientific disposal

in Integrated Municipal Solid Waste Management Facility in compliance with the MSW Rules

2016. In addition, analyze options for waste processing for effective and scientific

management of MSW generated.

1.6 Scope of the Study

• Realistic assessment of quantity, Characterization and classification of MSW

• Detailed survey of the prevailing conditions

• Situation/Gap Analysis of the existing condition with respect to MSW Rules, 2016

• Detailed planning for resource requirement & implementation strategy




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• Design of MSW management system viz. Collection System (Primary/ Secondary) ,

Transportation & Fleet Management Plan, waste processing system and sanitary

landfill in accordance with MSW Rules 2016 & CPHEEO Manual, Govt. of India

• Techno economic and environmental analysis of various options for MSWM

• Preparation of conceptual and detailed drawings

• Preparation of Bill of Quantities (BOQs)

• Capital and Operation & Maintenance (O&M) cost estimates

• Identification and formation of the clusters on the basis of geographical locations

• MSW management model including privatization aspects

• Preparation of Detailed Project Report (DPR)

The deliverables will ultimately achieve the following goals:

• 100% source segregation of wet & dry waste

• Primary collection of waste

• Secondary collection and transportation of waste

• Creating and sustaining a supply chain for recycled waste

• Streamlining and optimization of transportation system

• Analysis for the need of transfer station and its basic design

• Innovative processes and their enforcement for making the habitations litter free,

bin free and dump free to prevent the health hazard.

• Options for processing the biodegradable waste

• Feasibility study for the exploration of waste to power on the basis of cluster

approach

• Options for using the inert material like construction & demolition material

• Reclamation and bio-mining of old dump sites

• Innovative incentive structure to the operating personnel for motivation

• Financial model and institutional framework

• Measures for the involvement of all stakeholders

• Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaign models and enforcement

plans

1.7 Report Overview




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The Saundatti Town Municipal Council (TMC) is looking for improving efficiencies in solid

waste management (SWM) practices focusing on improving efficiency of collection,

transportation and processing of the municipal waste generated in the town. This report

brings out the present situation of solid waste management at Saundatti and the proposals

to improve the same.

The project activity aims at

• Establishing effective waste collection mechanism with a view point to collect more

than 85% of the solid waste generated in the municipal area.

• Conducting efficient waste transportation mechanism to be able to carry out 100%

of the collected waste.

• Processing and recycling of the Municipal Solid Waste.

• Environmental consciousness and job creation for the local youth.

The broad scope of work for the project includes development of technical and

economically viable solid waste management plan along with the design of collection,

transportation, treatment disposal infrastructure. The outline of scope of work for the

overall project includes the following activities.

a. Collection & compilation of data b. Interaction with ULB, local stakeholders and obtaining preliminary information c. Submission of draft DPR d. Presentation of the plans and receiving comments and inputs. e. Submission of final DPR

The structure of the detailed project report has been detailed in the next section.

1.8 Work Done in this Study

To draft the detailed project report for Saundatti, The following sets of activities have been

done by All India Institute of Local Self Government.

1.8.1 Field visits and data collection

A team of consultants from All India Institute of Local Self Government had visited the town.

The team visited various parts of the town to understand the existing infrastructure and

SWM mechanism in the town. The team interacted with various stakeholders of SWM

system. Following table gives details of the team’s visit in Saundatti.




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TABLE 1-2CONSULTANT TEAM’S FIELD VISIT DETAILS

Activities Day Visited Activity

Primary data collection

9 Dec 2015 The expert team from AIILSG visited the TMC office and consulted the officers in charge and the primary and secondary data is collected.

Physical character analysis at Land Fill (For 2 Days)

10-11 Dec 2015

2 samples are to be analyzed using the quartering technique for understanding the waste character.

Each sample was segregated to take weights of the components in MSW.

Waste quantity analysis (For 2 Days)

10-11 Dec Nov 2015

Waste Generation for each category of generators is actually weighted for consecutive 3 days and then average rate of waste generation is calculated.

Vehicle wise Details to be listed in the annexure and total waste generated is to be averaged for current scenario

Commercial Survey

1-5 Dec 2015

The team along with sanitary inspectors needs to visit each and every ward and counted the number of different commercial establishments including shops, hotels, education

Institutions, medical centers and etc.

Determining ward wise type of Waste generator.

Street Sweeping Survey

9 Dec 2015 Categorization of Roads as per there importance during mapping

Demarcating the current Scenario of Street Sweeping on each road

Calculating the length of road allocated to each Sweeper

Finalization of Type A, B, C road on basis of the discussion with sanitary inspector and man power deputation plan for the future.

Open Dumping areas in the city

10-11 Dec 2015

Location of Open dumping areas in the city

Topographical Survey

9 Dec 2015 Topographical Survey Done

1.8.2 Primary data collection undertaken

Primary data collected for preparation of this report includes the following key features




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• Average waste generated by key waste generators in Saundatti, • Physical character of the waste disposed at Saundatti, • Quantity of the waste collected and transported to the landfill • Type of roads swept daily, twice a week and once in a week • Average length of street swept by each SWM staff. • Waste movement mechanism in the town. • Location of secondary bins for waste collection • Approximate estimation of open points in the town. • Survey on commercial establishments of the town in all wards

1.8.3 Secondary Data Collection & Assessment

Secondary data required for the report like existing ward wise population of the town,

weather information, standard average quantity of waste generated per waste generator,

area of the town, total population of town in the past, other reports on SWM were gathered

from various sources. A review of the available documents about Saundatti and the previous

studies on solid waste management systems in Saundatti was done. The gathered data was

compiled as per the requirement of DPR.

1.8.4 Design and report preparation:

Using the data collected by the primary resources, secondary resources and interaction with

stake holders and TMC staff a collection, transport DPR is prepared. The DPR has considered

the future population growth and prospective increased growth in the town. A detailed cost

estimation and financial sustainability analysis has been done and presented in the report.

All the designs and estimates are provided along with the report as annexure.

1.8.5 Review process

The draft report, cost estimates, designs and drawings were submitted to TMC for review.

This final DPR document has been prepared by incorporating all the suggestions, comments

and inputs of TMC. The TMC shall further review the report, seek the state government

clearance as required and the final report would be drafted to meet the requirements of

using the document for implementation.

1.9 Structure of the Report

Chapter Heading Contents 1 Project Background The chapter provides an introduction to study, the terms




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Chapter Heading Contents of reference, study methodology and outline of the study.

2 City Profile The City profile brings out the nature and details of the city. The demography, importance, climate and structure of the city are brought out.

3 Present system of Solid Waste Management

The existing waste management systems in the city in presented. The waste assessment undertaken is presented. The strengths and lacunae of the systems are brought out to enable further planning.

4 Issues and Gaps for MSW Management

The analysis of the preliminary information collected of town, highlights certain good measures and systems adopted by the town and certain areas that require improvement and infrastructure development

5 Potential Strategies suggested for MSWM

Proposed concept of Solid waste management, proposed mechanism and Major efforts required for efficient work of SWM is provided in this chapter.

6 Proposed Processing Facility

This provides detailed design for Operations of Landfill Site

7 Design of Landfill This provides detailed design for Operations and working of Compost Plant and sanitation requirements of the city have been presented in this chapter.

8 Institutional Aspects and Capacity Building & Public Awareness

The team for solid waste management, the institutional structure and the capacity building requirements are presented. Information Education and Communication is a significant component of the solid waste management process of a city. A concept and operational schema for the public awareness required has been presented in this chapter.

9 Summary of financial requirement

Detail BOQ, Final Summary for financial requirements of the proposals is presented in this Chapter

Annexure List of Annexure includes Chemical Analysis Report for Solid Waste Sample, Legal Aspects, Sample Description for primary survey,




20

2 Town Profile

2.1 Background & History

Saundatti is taluka headquarter in the Belagavi District of Karnataka state, India. Saundatti is

one of the oldest towns in Belgaum district. The town is situated in the central part

of Belagavi district which is located in northwestern parts of Karnataka and lies at the

border of two states, Maharashtra in the north and Goa on the west. It is located at a

distance of about 470 km from Bangalore which is the capital town of the state

of Karnataka.

MAP 2-1: GEOGRAPHICAL REGIONAL SETTING OF THE TOWN

2.2 Profile of the town

Saundatti town is located around 83 km from Belagavi city. It is located in the south east

part of Belagavi district. Saundatti was the capital of Ratta from the period of 930 to 1230.

The main attraction of the town is the Saundatti Yellamma temple, which is visited by

pilgrims from all over Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu and Goa. Saundatti town is

divided into three parts, but all come under the jurisdiction of the TMC.

2.3 Topography and Climate Saundatti town is situated amidst hilly regions of Saundatti Yellamma. Being situated in

south east region of Belagavi district which lies in the rugged terrain of north-western




21

Karnataka, Saundatti is known for its moderately hot climate throughout the year except for

the monsoon, although the last few summers have been warmer than usual. Saundatti is at

its coldest in winter i.e. from November to February and experiences continuous monsoon

of medium intensity during July to September. The annual average rainfall is 200 cm. The

temperature during summer averages between 250-400 C and the temperature in winter

ranges from 180-260 C.

2.4 Population of the town

As per Census 2011 population of Saundatti TMC is 41,215. The population of town was

38,155in year 2001 and 33,138 in 1991. The last two decade showed considerable growth

rate of 15.8 percent. The growth rate of the town is varying. There was constant increase

since 1961 to 1981 and sudden drop in growth rate in 1991 and in 2011. The trend of

population growth is explained in Table 2-1.

TABLE 2-1: POPULATION OF SAUNDATTI

Year Population Decadal Change 1951 10030 1961 12299 23% 1971 16011 30% 1981 26404 65% 1991 33138 26% 2001 38155 15% 2011 41215 8%

Source: Saundatti TMC

FIGURE 2-2 POPULATION GROWTH RATE OF THE TOWN

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

0.6

0.7

0

5000

10000

15000

20000

25000

30000

35000

40000

45000

1951 1961 1971 1981 1991 2001 2011

Population Rate of Growth Per Decade




22

FIGURE 2-1 WARD WISE MAP OF THE TOWN

Source: Saundatti TMC

The town is divided into 23 political wards for the purpose of administration. The ward wise

population as per 2011 census is shown below in Table 2-2.




23

TABLE 2-2: WARD-WISE POPULATION

Ward Number Year 2011 No of HH

1 1,790 395

2 1,685 368

3 1,470 296

4 1,577 315

5 1,339 280

6 1,611 322

7 1,507 337

8 1,699 367

9 1,711 337

10 2,206 432

11 1,227 290

12 1,336 314

13 1,885 344

14 1,755 391

15 1,747 394

16 2,105 470

17 2,483 526

18 1,672 339

19 1,596 296

20 1,968 364

21 2,578 554

22 1,916 412

23 1,940 409

Total 41,215 8552 Source: Census 2011

2.5 Slum Population

As per the 2011 census data, there are 4 slum settlements in Saundatti TMC, all of which are

notified, wherein about 635 families stay.

TABLE 2-3: SLUM SETTLEMENTS Sr. No. Slum Name Notified No of Households Population

1 Harijan Oni Yes 100 487

2 Saualbhavi Oni near Shankarlinga temple Yes 399 1442

3 Gourikeri Yes 60 240

4 Ward No. 2, near port Yes 76 349

Total 635 2518




24

TABLE 2-4: SLUM SETTLEMENTS Particulars No.s

No. of slum settlements 4 Slum population 2518 Slum households 635

Source: census 2011

2.6 Population Density

As per census 2011, the population is 44,262 and total area of town is 16 sq.km. The

population density of the town is 2576 persons per sq km. Most of the population is

concentrated in the core town area.

2.7 Floating Population

Total floating population of the town is approximately 10,000, which is about 20-25% of the

total population, which escalates to around 5,00,000 during pilgrim season.

2.8 Commercial Area

There are 2 cotton ginning factories in Saundatti. The main commercial activity of the town

is the annual Yellamma Devi festival, during which over 5 lakh pilgrims from all around the

southern states come to Saundatti. There is a Jatra which lasts for 4-6 months.

2.9 Major tourist centres

18th Century Saundatti fort was built by the Sirasangi Desai with 8 bastions, Savadatti fort

has a Kadasiddheshwara temple, surrounded by 4 bastions. Around this temple is a row of

beautiful carvings of geometrical patterns with over 200 designs, some painted.

Renuka Sagara is a reservoir for the Malaprabha River adjacent to Saundatti, formed by the

Navilatirtha dam. It is so named because of the famous Renuka (Yellamma) temple

Yallamagudda Saundatti.

The temple of Goddess Yellamma is a popular pilgrimage site for Shakti devotees. Every day,

hundreds of pilgrims visit the temple with great devotion. The congregation is especially

large on two auspicious days Banada Hunime and Bharati Hunime. The century-old temple

of Yellamma is situated atop Yelammagudda, amidst picturesque Ramalinga Hills about 5

kms from Saundatti. Between Saundatti and the temple is the magnificent fort of Parashgad,

dating back to the 10th Century.




25

The Renuka sagara, formed by the Navilatirtha Dam touches the low lying areas of

Saundatti. There is a spot called Jogulabhavi here, where there is a temple. Pilgrims take a

holy dip here before visiting the Yellamma hill. This Samadhi is in the area called Ramapur at

Saundatti, which is humming with religious activities.

Shirasangi, a small village located approximately 25 km rom Saundatti is very famous or Shri

Kalikadevi temple. The temple is known to be very ancient and is believed to be the place

where Shriranga maharishi worshipped Shri Kalikadev

2.10 Saundatti Town Municipal Council

Town Municipal Council Saundatti Yallamma is constituted in 1876.

2.10.1 Administrative Wing

The administrative or executive wing is headed by the Chief Officer, appointed by the state

government. The municipal council is arranged into 23 wards for effective service delivery

and management. The Executive wing is arranged into functional departments that are

responsible for day to day functioning of the council.

2.10.2 Elected Wing

The Elected wing is represented by the General Body (GB) constituted by 23 elected

members and 6nominated members. Committees are formulated to address matters

related to Administration / provision of civic services in most appropriate manner.

FIGURE 2-2 ORGANIZATION STRUCTURE OF THE ULB




26

3 Present System of Solid waste

Management

3.1 The Present Scenario of SWM system in Saundatti

3.1.1 Actual calculation of Solid Waste Generation

A detailed estimate of the MSW generation has been carried out with a sample survey.

Actual waste generation by each category of waste generators is calculated for consecutive

3 days. Based on the average waste generation by each category total waste generation is

estimated. Sample are selected from each category of waste generators such as households,

commercial shops, hospital and clinics, worship, institutions, markets, meat/chicken shops,

hotels and restaurants and Street Sweeping. The following table shows number of sources

and the average waste generated in each source based on the waste estimation.

TABLE 3-1: WASTE GENERATION ESTIMATION

S. No. Waste Generators No of Generators

Avg. waste per day in Kg

Total waste in Kg

Total waste in Ton’s

1 Household 8553 0.99 8502 8.50 2 Slum 630 0.98 614 0.61 3 Large Hotels 5 15.0 75 0.08 4 Small Hotels 1 400.0 400 0.40 5 Bhaji Market 12 25.8 310 0.31 6 Chicken/Mutton Shops 30 12.5 375 0.38 7 Institutions 15 6.0 90 0.09 8 Petty Shops 700 1.1 770 0.77 9 Street Sweeping 1.20 10 Floating population 10000 0.2 2000 2.00 11 Construction & Drainage waste 0.95

Total 15.29

The major sources of generating waste in Saundatti are households, commercial

establishments, institutions, markets, hotels and street sweeping operations. To arrive at

number of waste generators in the city, data like ward wise population, slum and non slum

households and street lengths of all type of roads were obtained from secondary sources.

Households are taken from the census, street length from the TMC. Major markets were

individually assessed by the survey team.




27

3.1.2 Normative Waste generation

In the present year 2017 estimated population of the Saundatti town is 44,878. Considering

the Solid Waste generation at the rate of 350 gm per capita per day the total waste

generated is 15.71 T/day.

TABLE 3-2: WARD WISE WASTE GENERATION

Ward No. No of HH projected for 2017

Projected population for 2017

Waste Generation in MT (Yr 2017 @350gm/capita/day)

1 404 1949 0.68 2 381 1835 0.64 3 332 1601 0.56 4 356 1717 0.60 5 303 1458 0.51 6 364 1754 0.61 7 340 1641 0.57 8 384 1850 0.65 9 387 1863 0.65

10 498 2402 0.84 11 302 1455 0.51 12 370 1785 0.62 13 426 2053 0.72 14 397 1911 0.67 15 395 1902 0.67 16 476 2292 0.80 17 561 2704 0.95 18 378 1821 0.64 19 361 1738 0.61 20 445 2143 0.75 21 582 2807 0.98 22 433 2086 0.73 23 438 2112 0.74

Total 9312 44878 15.71

3.2 Population Projection

For the Proposed Detailed Project Report, it is necessary that future population growth and

their requirements are estimated to understand the gaps and shortfall in meeting various

requirements.

The planning horizon of 25 years (till 2042) has been considered and population projections

have been made for the same period. Three methods; Arithmetic Method, Incremental




28

method and Geometric Progression method have been used to project the population for

Saundatti and the projected figures are given below.

The history of Saundatti indicates high population growth trends in the past but declined

during the last decade. In absence of any major commercial or industrial developments, it is

assumed that the declining growth trends may continue in future and stabilize with the

district average. Incremental Increase gives a high growth trend due to high growth

recorded during 1971-1991. Arithmetic method gives a steady growth in the future which is

equivalent of the district growth rate. Hence an average of these three methods is

considered.

TABLE 3-3: POPULATION PROJECTIONS

Year Arithmetic Incremental Geometric Average of three 2011 41,215 41,215 41,215 41,215 2017 44,996 44,917 44,721 44,878 2022 48,146 47,958 47,869 47,991 2032 54,447 53,917 54,847 54,403 2042 60,748 59,712 62,841 61,100

FIGURE 3-1 POPULATION PROJECTION FOR THE ULB

3.3 Waste Generation Projection

Saundatti town is divided into 23 political wards for the purpose of management of Solid

Waste System. The present waste generation will grow from 15.71 TPD to 16.80 TPD in the

next 5 years. The estimated projections for the MSW at the rate of 350 gm per capita per

day are presented in the table below.

40,000

45,000

50,000

55,000

60,000

65,000

70,000

75,000

2011 2022 2032 2042

Arithematic Incremental MethodGeometric Average of Geometric and IncrementalAdopted Method




29

TABLE 3-4: ESTIMATED SOLID WASTE GENERATION IN FUTURE

Year Projected Population

Solid Waste Generated in Tons/Day

Total Solid Waste TPD

Biodegradable (50%) TPD

Recyclable (30%) TPD

Inert (20%) TPD

2017 44878 15.71 7.85 4.71 3.14 2022 47991 16.80 8.40 5.04 3.36 2027 51165 17.91 8.95 5.37 3.58 2032 54403 19.04 9.52 5.71 3.81 2037 57713 20.20 10.10 6.06 4.04 2042 61100 21.39 10.69 6.42 4.28

3.4 Waste Collection

3.4.1 Primary Waste Collection

Door to Door Primary Collection of waste started by ULB in all 23 Wards- Vehicles

&Equipments Purchased- Primary Collection is being done in 2 shifts to improve the

collection efficiency with available vehicles. Some of the drivers &assistants required on

Primary Collection Vehicles are permanent and some are outsourced. Door to door primary

collection of waste is in practice from 7897 households in the town with help municipal

vehicles. Auto tippers/Mini tippers vehicles and pushcarts are deployed for the door to door

collection purpose. To get maximum primary collection efficiency, door to door collection is

being done in 2 shifts for Shops and establishments, Markets, Hotels and Restaurants from

morning 0600 hrs to 1330 hrs and 1430 hrs to 1730 hrs. Few drivers and assistants required

on these vehicles are permanent and few are outsourced. SWM user charges from

households are being collected along with property tax. Segregated waste collected from

Door to door collection is directly transported to the dump site. Following table presents the

details of vehicles and manpower deployed in the primary collection system.

3.4.2 Primary Collection of Domestic, Trade and Institutional wastes

There are 3 Auto Tippers and 2 Mini Tippers for household Door to door collection. The

waste is been dumped into open points and bins provided. TMC has deployed the tractor

trailers to collect the waste from bins. There are no Self help groups, Residential welfare

associations to actively participate in the process of Solid waste management in the town.

The Segregation and recycling of waste is also not practiced in the town. There are few rag

pickers in dumpsites wherein they segregate and collect few recyclable materials.




30

TABLE 3-5: EXISTING VEHICLE DETAILS

Sr. No Vehicle Model Vehicle No. Type of Vehicle Used For Area Covered

1 Mini Tipper KA 24 2284 (407) Collection vehicle Wards 1-5

2 Mini Tipper KA 24 9560 (407) Collection vehicle Wards 17-23

3 Tractor KA 24 4789 Collection vehicle

Public water supply tank and sucking machine

4 Tractor KA 24 4791 Collection vehicle Wards 6-16

5 Auto tipper KA 24 8594 Collection vehicle Door to door collection Wards 1-8

6 Front end Backhoe loader KA 25 1891 SWM site

7 Auto mounted fogging machine G-62 Fogging Wards 1-23

8 Auto mounted Jetting machine

Public toilet cleaning Wards 1-23

9 Tata ACE 1 KA – 24 –A- 0204 Auto tipper Door to door collection Wards 17-23

10 Tata ACE 2 KA – 24 –A- 0205 Auto tipper Door to door collection Wards 9-16

3.4.3 Collection of Chicken and mutton waste

There is no separate collection of chicken and mutton waste that comes from the

households and hotels, or the slaughter houses. It is directly dumped on the site in the

regular waste.

3.5 Secondary Storage and Transport

3.5.1 Waste delivered to disposal site, vehicles used and timing

To estimate the quantity of waste disposed in the land fill site, a survey of all the vehicles

reaching the dumping site was undertaken on 9 Dec 2015. All the MSW collected and

transported from the city is bought and disposed in the land fill site located at Sr. No. 539/2.

The land is about 7 km away from the city. Based on the study conducted it is noted that

Saundatti town waste disposal site receives an average quantity of waste at about 13.5 tons

/day. There are 3 Auto tippers and 2 mini Tippers which collects HH waste. Tractor trailers

collect and transport wastes from open points and open drainages in the town. The waste




31

transported in tractor trailers contain more of silt and ash content which increases ash

content. Tractors also collect and dispose street sweeping waste in many streets.

The consolidate data is presented in table below.

TABLE 3-5: QUANTIFICATION BASED ON NO. OF TRIPS TO THE LANDFILL SITE

Type of Vehicles Number Average qty. of waste / vehicle in TPD

No. of trips/ day

Total qty. of waste transported to landfill site in TPD

Auto tippers / Mini tippers

5 1.05 2 10.5

Tractor trailers 2 1.5 1 3 Tipper trucks - - - - Dumper placers - - Compactors - - Qty. of waste unlifted - Total 13.5

3.5.2 Timings of waste disposal

Collection and transportation of waste in Saundatti town happen from morning 5.00

onwards and continue till 2.00 PM in the afternoon. The Safai Karmachari starts Street

sweeping activity at 5 in the morning. The waste collected is dumped in the nearby

container bins. The same karmachari’s have an added responsibility to clean the open drains

in their allotted area. The silt removed from the drain is kept on the road which is collected

by the Ape Tipper. Tractor trailers start their operation at 7 AM every day. Tractors arrive

late to landfill site as they collect waste from open points and drainages which have to be

manually uploaded to tractors.

3.5.3 Transportation of wastes

Transportation of the solid waste generated in the town is being managed by TMC. Primary

transportation refers to transporting of waste generated from waste generators to the

waste storage depot. Primary transportation of waste is practiced presently in Saundatti.

There are no intermediate storage depots in Saundatti except container bins.

Secondary transportation refers to collection of waste from intermediate storage points like

bins and open points to disposal unit. TMC is presently managing the secondary

transportation with its vehicles. Tractors are used as secondary transportation vehicles.




32

PICTURE 3-1: VEHICLES USED FOR DOOR TO DOOR COLLECTION

Auto tipper Auto tipper (Ghanta Gadi)

Tractor dozer Tractor tipper

Jet sucking machine Auto tipper

Collectively the Saundatti Town Municipal Council transports 13.5 TPD of Municipal Solid

Waste. The solid waste dumping site located 7 km away from the Municipal office of

Saundatti at Sr. No 539/2.

3.5.4 Community bins for secondary collection

The community bins are placed at major junctions. There are 96 number of circular cement

bins placed at various locations. The waste from the bins is transferred once they are filled

or once/twice a week.

3.5.5 Hospital and Nursing home wastes

Bio medical waste generated by Hospitals and clinics is separately collected by a Belgaum

based bio Medical Waste Collection Agency viz. BGEM. It caters to all the healthcare




33

establishments of the town and independently handles the process of collection,

transportation, treatment and disposal of healthcare waste from medical establishments.

3.5.6 Hotels and Restaurants Waste

In Saundatti town there are a small number of restaurants and hotels with lodging facilities.

Most of the hotels and restaurants are located near in the main town. The waste is collected

by ULB daily.

3.5.7 Construction Waste

Construction and demolition waste mostly consist of inert and non biodegradable material

such as concrete, plaster, metal, wood etc. These wastes are heavy, having high density

often bulky and occupy considerable storage space either on the road or communal waste

bin/container. The waste from construction sites is collected once in every two weeks.

3.5.8 Slaughter house waste collection

At present there is no separate functional Slaughterhouse in the city. Small scale

Slaughtering activity is undertaken by Chicken and Mutton Shops in their private premises.

At present there is no separate facility available for treatment and disposal of Slaughter

house waste.

3.6 Street Sweeping

The total area of the town is 16 sq. Km and total road length 98 kms. At present the town

roads are not divided into different types of categories such as Type A road, Type B road and

Type C road. It is proposed that all the roads of the town need to divided into 4 types.

Sr. No Type of Road Length of road Frequency of Sweeping 1 Type ‘A’ 13.15 Everyday 2 Type ‘B’ 30.30 Two or three times a week 3 Type ‘C’ 31.35 Once a week 4 Type ‘D’ 23.20 Once in a fortnight Total 98.00

3.6.1 Tools Used

Most of the main streets consist of waste materials like plastic covers, paper waste etc. The

Sweeping staffs are provided long hand brooms, metal plates and wheel barrows. The street

sweeping staffs are not provided with, gloves, masks, sweeping carts, gum boots and metal




34

trays. None of the workers wear jackets or mask to cover themselves from dust while

sweeping. Sweepers use their hands and brooms to collect waste from waste heaps and put

into plastic bags. Sweepers in some areas have been provided with metal plates and

pushcarts.

3.7 Processing and disposal of waste

3.7.1 Processing and disposal of wastes

The landfill site is located at a distance of about 7 kms from the town center. The total area

of the landfill site is about 8.27 acre. The landfill site has compound wall on all sides. There

is facility for a watchman’s room. TMC has deployed trip entry recorders for the trips of

each vehicle on all days. The waste brought to the depot by collection vehicles is dumped

inside and Back Hoe Loader is deployed from time to time form heaps of the wastes. The

waste heaps are not covered with inert material. There are vermicomposting units

constructed but presently not in use. VCP pits have large cracks and need repair.

The present contour map of SWM Processing and Landfill site is presented below.




35

FIGURE 3-2 CONTOUR MAP FOR SWM SITE SAUNDATTI

3.8 Staff involved in SWM

Following are the number of staff involved in the management of Solid Waste.

• Number of Sr. Health Inspector : 1 • Number of Jr. Engineer : 1 • Number of PKs and Drivers : 75




36

3.9 Municipal Solid Waste Composition

3.9.1 Composition of waste

The composition of the waste becomes crucial to decide an efficient SWM system. To

understand the waste character disposed in the land fill in Saundatti, An analysis of the

composition of the fresh waste was conducted for 2 days. 4 samples were selected and

analyzed for 2 consecutive days by using the quartering technique. About 40 kg of fresh

waste was selected randomly by the waste carrying vehicles for conducting the quartering

technique. About 10 kg of waste from the selected 40 kg of waste was selected for

conducting waste composition analysis. The selected 10 kg sample was segregated with the

help of rag pickers and each segregated material is weighed.

The analysis shows an organic content in the waste of 44.3 %, 18.25 % recyclable materials,

30.95% of silt and stones and miscellaneous items of 10%. The quantity of silt and stone is

high because of collection of waste from roads while sweeping.

The particulars of waste composition and analysis conducted are presented below based on

the analysis conducted at the landfill. The table below gives the average waste composition

of selected samples.

TABLE 3-6 PHYSICAL COMPOSITION OF WASTE IN PERCENTAGE

Sr. No Particulars Day 1 In % Day 2 In % Average In % 1 Plastic Material 3.9 4.7 4.3 2 Paper 6 8 7 3 Cloth pieces 5.9 7.1 6.5 4 Organic Waste 43.9 44.7 44.3 5 Glass Pieces 1.2 0.8 1 6 Wood Pieces 5.9 4.2 5.05 7 Metal Pieces 1.1 0.7 0.9 8 Silt, Stone, & Moisture 32.1 29.8 30.95 9 E- Waste Negligible Negligible Negligible Total 100 100 100

Source: Analysis by AIILSG




37

3.9.2 Chemical Composition of Waste

The chemical composition of waste is conducted. The results of the findings are as below.

TABLE 3-7 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE WASTE

No. Parameters Results Unit 1 Moisture Content 23.76 % 2 pH of 10% Solution 8.97 - 3 Total Nitrogen (N) 0.27 % 4 Total Phosphates (P2O5) 0.19 % 5 Potash (K2O) 3.19 % 6 Organic Carbon 29.74 % 7 Carbon: Nitrogen Ratio (C : N) 312 : 1 - 8 Gross Calorific Value in Cal/gm 972 Cal/gm

3.10 Present Income &expenditure on Solid Waste Management

Following table explains last year’s revenue income regarding the Solid Waste Management

at Saundatti Municipal Council. At present there are no monthly user charges collected from

the households.

TABLE 3-8: REVENUE INCOME ON SWM

Particulars Amount (Rs. in lakhs) % of Property tax reserved towards SWM and cleaning activities 40.35 SWM Cess 8.33 Sale of compost, recyclables, RDF etc - Components of Town planning Fee, advertisement tax, birth / death certificate fee etc towards SWM and cleaning activities

-

Plastic Material4.3% Paper

7%Cloth pieces

6.5%

Organic Waste44.3%

Glass Pieces1%

Wood Pieces 5.05%

Metal Pieces0.9%

Silt, Stone, & Moisture30.95%

Physical Composition of Municipal Solid Waste




38

Particulars Amount (Rs. in lakhs) Fines and fees available for SWM and cleaning activities 0.05 Others -

Total 8.38 Following table explains the last year’s revenue expenditure regarding the Solid Waste

Management at Saundatti Municipal Council

TABLE 3-9: EXPENDITURE ON MSWM

Activities Expenditure (Rs. In Lakhs) Salary of permanent PKs 67.58 Wages for outsource PKs+drivers 89.58 Vehicle running and Maintenance cost

18.00 Consumable etc. Total 175.16




39

4 Issues and Gaps in the present

Management System of MSW

4.1 Gaps and issues in Saundatti

The analysis of the preliminary information collected of Saundatti town, highlights certain

good measures and systems adopted by the town and certain areas that require

improvement and infrastructure development.

Door to door waste collection is undertaken in most parts of the city. Street sweeping and

drain cleaning are also done frequently. The town has made provision for adequate landfill

site and has constructed a vermicomposting facility but vermicomposting is not done at

present.

The preliminary issues identified are:

• As people do not practice segregation of waste at source, there is need for awareness generation.

• Although door to door collection is 86%, people also tend to throw the waste on open ground, which is why the council has provided bins along the streets. Despite this, there are some points in the town having open dumping.

• Currently all the waste collected is only partially processed at the landfill site. • There is lack of personnel operating at the processing facility. • The current collection and transportation system is not optimized. • The entire solid waste management system has to be gradually up scaled to meet the

future needs of the town. The system has to be planned for the increased quantum’s of waste which have to be handled properly.

• The Landfill site has to be retro-fitted to become a sanitary landfill site. The procedures for its operation and maintenance have to be prepared and operationalised.

• The financial management plans for the Solid waste management system have to be reviewed and improved to assist in revenue generation and creating a sustainable and self sufficient system.

• Training for the staff in the solid waste management department to improve efficiency and safety standards may be required.




40

5 Potential Strategies suggested for MSWM

5.1 Proposed Concept for Waste Management

The mechanism of solid waste management system in Saundatti requires a reorganized

model to meet the requirements of the MSW rules 2016. The major effort required in this

regard is towards the procedural improvements of the waste segregation at source,

transportation and disposal. TMC at present is collecting 86% of waste generated, but public

awareness on the solid waste management is lacking. The strategies are suggested in the

following four areas:

Public awareness: Waste generation is increasing in urban areas as the use of packaged

consumer goods is increasing. The impacts of inefficient solid waste management are

directly related to public health. It is thus very essential that the citizens of the town be

equal partners with the city administration to reduce the problem of waste. Public

participation is thus the cornerstone in a successful solid waste management plan. Public

participation is essential in the following activities.

1. Reduce, Reuse & Recycling (R R R) of waste. 2. Not to throw the waste/litter on the streets drains, open spaces, water bodies, etc. 3. Storage of organic/bio-degradable and recyclable waste separately at source. 4. Primary collection of waste 5. Community storage/collection of waste in flats, slums, societies, commercial complexes,

etc and other waste source generators. 6. Pay adequately for the services provided.

Generating public awareness on these issues and garnering public participation for an

effective solid waste management in the city requires a sustained approach and efforts by

the administration and the elected representatives.

Collection of waste: Collection from all the waste generators has to be at door step in each

of the existing 23 wards. This would include residential, commercial and institutional

facilities.

Door to door collection of waste will reduce the burden of secondary collection system due

to reduced number of open points. The MSW from markets and other common places

would be collected through sweeping teams. The waste collected from door to door system

and by the sweeping teams deployed for market areas and other public spaces will be




41

disposed in the landfill. Roads sweeping and drain cleaning would be a separate waste flow

from collection to disposal.

It is proposed to provide two bins for wet waste & dry waste at household level in order to

get segregated waste at source.

FIGURE 5-1: TWO (2) -BIN SYSTEM FOR DRY AND WET WASTE

Collection of segregated municipal waste from the source of its generation is an essential step in solid waste management. Inefficient waste collection service has an impact on public health and aesthetics of towns and cities. Collection of wet and dry waste separately enhances the potential of cost effective treatment of such wastes and of deriving optimum advantage from the recyclable material fed into the system. 2 differently coloured bins, 12-15 litres each per household are recommended to promote and ensure segregation: • Covered Green Bin: Wet waste • Covered Blue Bin: Dry Waste

FIGURE 5-2: STORAGE OF MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE IN PUBLIC PLACES/PARKS

Waste Collection bins at optimum distance (between 25-250 meters) should be placed at public places to avoid littering

On site composting of yard waste/green waste could also be promoted

The proposed concept requires establishing primary waste collection and transportation

system. This would result in reduced burden of solid waste management on secondary

transportation and will reduce the number of open points in the city. Resource recovery is a

significant component of the new proposal. Dry waste collection centre would be set up as

per design requirements. It is also proposed to integrate the informal and recycling sector

involving rag pickers and kabadiwalas prevalent in Saundatti into the formal system by

recognizing their work and by providing required support services.

Role of the Informal Sector in Primary Waste Collection The involvement of the informal sector is also to be examined and integrated into the waste

management system of the city. The informal sector in any city comprises of two systems




42

i.e. the kabadi system or the rag pickers.

The informal “kabadi system” network forms an important link in the overall waste recycling system prevalent in the country. They can be compared to micro-entrepreneurs who buy reusable and recyclable material like newspapers, metal, glass, cardboards, plastics, etc. from households or commercial areas. Citizens should be encouraged to continue the practice of selling recyclable wastes to the “kabadi system”, as they constitute the first link in the waste recycling system.

Rag pickers are also an important part of the informal recycling system and are instrumental in recovering discarded recyclables in disposed municipal waste that have not been bought by the kabadi system. In an ideal system, rag pickers should be integrated into the system by training and employing them for door-to-door collection of waste by the RWA’s, NGOs, CBOs and the like. The rag pickers who work as waste collectors should be allowed to collect recyclables separately alongside wet and dry fractions.

Rag pickers may also be encouraged to form cooperatives, through the involvement of local NGOs/Self-Help Groups (SHGs) and may be allowed to collect recyclables from households. Such initiatives will not only ensure a higher level of income to rag pickers, but will also ensure hygienic conditions for rag pickers and environmentally safe waste recycling practices. Also, a lot of rag pickers are usually harassed by the police, property owners, shop keepers in the vicinity. Many of them have to justify their work to various people and are condemned by society. Many of them are in fact women, who have to live with the insecurity of harassment and threat to their livelihood. Organizing them into cooperatives tend to protect their rights thereby retaining their dignity of labour, work, their right to livelihood and right to access recyclables.

ULBs should make concerted efforts to integrate the informal sector of ragpickers into regular waste collection operations through the private sector, NGOs, RWAs etc Transportation of waste:

The transportation of the waste will be classified into primary and secondary transportation.

• The primary transportation vehicles will be auto tippers, push carts and 4 wheeled

vehicles involved in door to door collection. These primary transportation vehicles

will collect the waste from the generators on a daily basis and dispose the waste at

landfill site.

• The secondary transportation of waste from road sweeping and drainage cleaning

will be done by tractor trailers to the land fill site. Tractor trailers will be used to

transport drainage waste and construction and demolition debris.




43

Street sweeping and drain cleaning waste is to be collected in separate bins and transported directly to the sanitary landfill facility

Both manual and mechanical street cleaning are suggested. However manual street cleaning is preferred in narrow, congested streets and in streets where the road carpeting is damaged.

Street sweeping and drain cleaning waste is to be collected separately and transported directly to the sanitary landfill facility.

The manual streets cleaning are suggested. However manual street cleaning is preferred in narrow, congested streets and in streets where the road carpeting is damaged.

Truck mounted with pressure water jetting and suction machine

In order to ensure that sweepers do not dispose waste into drains, same staff that is responsible for cleaning street should be made responsible for cleaning adjacent drains as well Silt removed from surfaced rains and stored on the shore of the drain should be collected as soon as possible and transported directly to the landfill

Disposal of Waste:

The final disposal of the waste has to be through a sanitary landfill site, after removal of the

recyclable and biodegradable waste. This need to be processed separately and only inert

and non biodegradable waste should be taken to the landfill site. The handling of waste and

the landfill site has to be scientific to avoid accidents.


5.2 Proposed Waste Flow Processes The municipal wastes generated in the town will be collected using the following different types of collection systems as follows

FIGURE 5-3PROPOSED WASTE FLOWCHART FOR SAUNDATTI




45

5.3 Storage of waste at Source

No waste should be thrown on the streets, footpaths, open spaces, drains or water bodies,

nallas etc. Waste should be stored at source of waste generation in three bins/ bags, one for

food waste/ bio-degradable waste, another for recyclable waste such as papers, plastic,

metal, glass, rags etc, and the third one for wastes such as batteries , containers for

chemical plastics pesticides, discarded medicines and other toxic or hazardous household

waste.

5.4 Segregation of Waste at Source

The TMC has recently conducted many IEC campaigns to achieve waste segregation at

source. The local body may draw up a program of conducting awareness campaign in

various wards of the town utilizing the ward committees, local NGO’s and resident welfare

association. Detailed IEC programme is provided in the annexure. The waste segregated at

source is a resource itself. Segregating waste at source is not an option but our

responsibility.

[Recent Source segregation Promotional activity carried out by Bruhat Bangalore Mahanagaran Palike]




46

5.5 Door to Door Collection

Collection of municipal wastes from Households and commercial establishments like

provision stores and institutions like colleges, temples, theatres, malls etc would be part of

door to door collection system. The primary transportation vehicles like Push carts, auto

tippers or 4 wheeled tippers will be used for door to door collection. The deployed door to

door collection vehicles would visit each and every waste generator in the deployed area.

The collected waste will be disposed by these vehicles into the landfill site directly. There is

no provision of Secondary Storage proposed. The containers bins used for secondary

storage are not viable or inefficient SWM system.

The collected waste will be disposed by these vehicles to the land fill site for disposal.

Door to door collection of waste would be introduced for collection of waste from

residential and commercial waste generators in Saundatti. Saundatti Town Municipal

Council would be responsible for conducting door to door collection operations. The TMC

shall provide the man power, vehicles and equipments required for the door to door

collection mechanism.

The residents and other waste generators are expected to store the waste and hand over

the waste to the door to door waste collection staff. TMC should insist the waste generators




47

to dispose the waste only through door to door step mechanism and avoid throwing the

waste into open points and drainages. The door to door waste collection staff would collect

the waste each and every day including national holidays and Sundays.

TMC should make it mandatory to waste generator that waste need to be segregated at

source. Also it has been advised to procure 3 Plastic bins at waste generator, so that waste

can be stored separately. The segregated dry waste and wet waste will be collected by Auto-

Tipper or four wheeled tipper. Auto Tipper or Ghantagadi will carry this waste to Dry Waste

collection centers to deposit dry waste separately and only wet waste will be carried to

Landfill site for further processing and disposal. The dry waste or Recyclable material can be

collected at regular intervals as may be convenient to the waste producer and the TMC.

Saundatti TMC Microplanning of Door to Door Waste Collection

Vehi

cle

No.

Trip

s

War

d N

o.

Rout

e Zo

nes

No.

of

HH

(201

7)

Star

t Po

int

Area

Co

vere

d

End

Poin

t

Auto tipper 1

1 9,10 Zone 5 826 TMC VRL Logistics Saundatti,Saundatti Bypass,Saundatti Road.

Landfill Site

Auto tipper 2

1 22,20 Zone 7 833 TMC Police Quarters,VRC School. Landfill Site

Auto tipper 3

1 13,12 Zone 10

706 TMC Makkah Masjid,Sundatti Bypass. Landfill Site

Auto tipper 4

1 14,15 Zone 11

843 TMC Katkol Bank,Renka Nagar. Landfill Site

2 16 Zone 12

505 TMC Renka Nagar,Ashray Colony,Landfiil site.

Landfill Site

Auto tipper 5

1 1,2 Zone 1 819 TMC KLE School,Saundatti Road,Bus Stand,Kiynal Kopa,Patkipuram,Katkol Bank.

Landfill Site

2 17 Zone 9 565 TMC Court. Landfill Site Auto

tipper 6 1 23,11 Zone 6 750 TMC Janta Plot. Landfill Site 2 21 Zone

13 595 TMC Saundatti Cricket

Stadium,Saundatti Road,Sarvajagatika Virakta Math.

Landfill Site

Auto tipper 7

1 5,6 Zone 3 647 TMC Post Office, Aasvi Oni. Landfill Site 2 19,18 Zone 8 682 TMC Urdu Shala. Landfill Site

Auto tipper 8

1 4,3 Zone 2 656 TMC Post Office,Saundatti Road,Ankeshwar Temple.

Landfill Site

2 7,8 Zone 4 756 TMC Saundatti Road,Renuka Yellamma Education Society,Saundatti Fort,Police Quarters,Saundatti Road.

Landfill Site




48

The door to door collection operations will be done using 2Cum Twin Compartment box

tippers

• One box tipper is suggested for 1400 HH (Assuming daily two trips to landfill site) for

individual Door to Door collection

• One pushcart for 200 HH in slum and congested areas.

5.5.1 Streets sweeping

Conducting street sweeping operations, cleaning and removal of waste from public places,

office areas, administrative areas, markets, parks and other general places are considered

for collection of waste using sweeping mechanism. The street sweeping staff would clean

these areas regularly considering the quantity of waste generated in these generators. The

sweepers should be compulsorily given safety equipments. The table below gives the details of

the safety equipments to be given to sweepers.

TABLE 5-1: DETAILS OF PERSONAL PROTECTIVE EQUIPMENTS

S.N

Safety equipment Safety against Specifications Picture

1 Face mask Protect against dust/ infection Standard surgical mask

2 Full arm Uniform

Protection against dust Factory wear uniforms

3 Safety shoes

Minor wounds while sweeping

PVC make, water proof shoes

4 Hand gloves

Protection against infection

Standard toilet cleaning gloves

5 Eye glasses Protection against dust

Transparent factory wear




49

S.N

Safety equipment Safety against Specifications Picture

6 Head cover Protection against dust Standard surgical wear

7 Brooms

Fan shaped &bunched (Delhi model) filament brooms

5.5.2 Targeted Waste Collection of Vegetable Market and Hotels

The Bulk Waste generators which generate more waste will be cleaned daily. Separate Auto

Tippers required to be deployed for waste collection from Vegetable Market, Marriage Halls

and Hotels.

TABLE 5-2: VEHICLES FOR COLLECTION & TRANSPORT

Type of Vehicles Proposed (DPR) Existing nos. Nos. to be procured Push carts 33 06 27 Twin Compartment Auto tippers 8 05 03

Tractor trailers 4 2 02

5.6 Slaughterhouse Waste

The ULB should collect all the slaughterhouse waste directly from the Generators and

disposed to the processing site in the windrows for aerobic composting. An alternative

method which can be used is that the ULB shall treat the slaughter waste in RCC compost

pits of adequate size using bioculture. Good quality manure is produced in 6-8 weeks.

Leachate from the slaughter waste compost pit is collected and treated in a RCC tank and

the treated leachate may be used for spraying on windrows.

5.7 Biomedical Waste

Currently Biomedical waste collection, transportation & Disposal are done by Bio Medical

Waste Collection Agency. It is proposed that this system should be continued in the future

as well.




50

5.8 Dry Waste and E Waste Collection Centers

Dry waste collection centers are the decentralized units dedicated for collection of in

organic/ dry waste in the urban cities. The TMC can generate revenue by conducting this

operation.

The dry waste collection centers would function as a social enterprise. The collection

centers would buy the recoverable from the waste generators and sell it to the whole sale

scrap dealers. The additional monetary benefits would be used for O & M of the facility.

The TMC should insist on the private parties that the dry waste collection centers should be

set up and operated.

It is suggested that 1 dry waste collection centers (DWCCs) need to be installed at old cattle

market near Renuka Talkies. The TMC should construct a second DWCC as soon as adequate

land becomes available in the town. Segregation of garbage into wet and dry waste is a

simple and easy to identify. However, segregating dry waste is more challenging.

Dry waste includes materials such as paper, plastic, glass, wire, cloth, leather, wire,

thermocol, metal, wood, rubber, rexine and fabric.

Households will need to encourage separately store dry waste at their premises. The TMC

would collect dry waste from their homes. Once a week, collection vehicle will separately

collect dry waste from homes, which will then be taken to Dry Waste Collection Centers

(DWCCs). Citizens on their own could also take their dry waste directly to DWCS. This waste

will be segregated into different types of dry waste and then sold to recyclers.

However, this will only works if the dry waste is free of any wet or food waste. People will

have to separately store the dry waste in their homes and if it is mixed with wet waste it will

only cause problems to them. The Pourkarmikas will not collect mixed waste from the

citizens and dry waste will be collected using separate collection vehicles, once a week.

Set up Dry Waste Collection Centre (DWCC)

Reduction of waste is also possible by setting up purchase / processing centers for dry

waste, like plastics, paper, etc.

Dry waste–shall be stored and delivered to the dry waste collection vehicle which shall be

provided by TMC or to the licensed DWCC set up on municipal / Government / private lands.

NGO’s, RWA’s, SHGs, collectives.




51

SHG’s/Waste pickers need to be identified and encouraged to come forward to maintain the

DWCC. Such centre’s would ensure that the recyclable material is sold through properly

created channels to ensure that the recycled goods are not misused. According to dry waste

the DWCC shall pay the Pourkarmikas /Waste-picker or any individual who bring the waste

to the centres as notified by TMC from time to time, this will encourage the public to

segregate the waste at source. Plastic bailing machine & weighing machine should be

present at DWCC.

DWCC shall perform secondary and tertiary sorting of the waste, DWCC before finally selling

it to recycling centre’s. Collecting in bulk provides these informal sector workers with larger

returns, and creates more jobs. They aim to keep as much waste out of the landfills/ waste

dumps as possible and to help make waste useful and profitable. In the process they also

educate people about the importance of segregation, and provide safe and hygienic work

conditions to waste management workers.

These DWCC will further segregate the dry waste collected and sell them in recycling

market. The plastic waste is reused/recycled for manufacturing various products.




52

For Collection of E-Waste - E-waste should be collected and transported to the DWCCs

which shall have separate containers for this waste.

As per the guidelines of hazardous waste management division of Central Pollution Control

Board, there is a need to encourage recycling of all useful and valuable material from e-

waste so as to conserve the ever depleting natural resources.

5.9 Construction and Demolition waste

Construction and demolition waste has been defined as ‘waste which arises from

construction, renovation and demolition activities. Also included within the definition are

surplus and damaged products and materials arising in the course of construction work or

used temporarily during the course of on-site activities. The various streams of wastes to be

considered will include; Excavated materials, Concrete, Tiles, brick, ceramics, asphalt

concrete, Plaster, Glass, Metal and steel, Plastics, Wood, asphalt, and Concrete rubbles, etc.

It is mandatory that every waste generator shall keep the construction and demolition

waste within the premise or get the waste deposited at collection centre so made by the

local body or handover it to the authorized processing facilities of construction and




53

demolition waste; and ensure that there is no littering or deposition of construction and

demolition waste so as to prevent obstruction to the traffic or the public or drains. It is

proposed that Town Municipal council should dump all C & D waste into designated area

near APMC Yard, Renuka Sagar.

5.10 Zero Waste Management

It is proposed that the ULB should begin zero waste practices in 2 wards during the DPR time

frame, and this area should be widened and broadened in a phase-wise manner in the

coming years. The process to achieve the same is explained in the following flow chart.

By definition, zero waste management begins at source, namely by segregating waste

generated into three main categories. These categories are broadly as follows –

Wet Waste

Dry Waste

Inert Waste

Segregated waste will be collected at source in the designated zero waste ward. The wet

waste will be composted using aerobic composting or vermicomposting as prime methods

or will be deposited in a biogas plant within the ward. The byproducts (compost and/or

biogas) produced after processing of the wet waste will be used for gardening and

plantations within the same wards. Biogas/biomethanation plants of small scale (500kg)

shall be sufficient for each ward. The dry waste produced within the same designated

ward(s) shall be collected by dedicated rag pickers and shall be bailed or sold to scrap




54

dealers. 2-3 rag pickers are proposed at each ward level for this purpose. Plastic and tetra

packs shall be bailed and the remainder along with metal and paper shall be sold as

recyclables. The quotations provided by a few scrap dealers are attached in the annexure for

further reference. The inert waste or C&D waste generated shall be deposited to low lying

areas and shall be used as filling material in construction of roads (within the wards).

IEC and Public awareness activities play a huge role in the achievement of zero waste

management. The ULB shall employ campaigns, rallies, and leaflet and pamphlet

distribution within the designated ward to educate the common man about the advantages

of zero waste management. Motivational activities should be conducted to promote the

same. Elaborate details for conducting IEC campaigns are given in Chapter 8.9 Public

Awareness.




55

6 Proposed Processing Facility The integrated waste management facility at Saundatti is proposed to be set up at existing

dumping ground. The land available at this disposal site is about 8.27 acre. Existing VCP pits

are used to store the recyclable waste separated by the labours on the site. The site is now

being used as dumping ground with haphazard dumping of wastes.

6.1 Technology Selection

The moisture content in Indian waste is high due to the high food and other organic content

in waste. Such high moisture contents lead to low calorific value on as received basis.

Thermal processing is difficult and would require energy addition. Further as mixed wastes

are received there is always a threat of combusting plastics which can lead to dioxins and

furans release. It is recommended that no thermal processing technologies be adopted in

Saundatti. In Saundatti if the silt wastes are removed from the waste stream the organic

matter is about 40-60%. Compost, vermicompost and Biomethanation plants are working

successfully in many places in India. These technologies recover the organic matter and

make them into compost which is a good soil conditioner and useful for soil management.

Biomethanation has many useful by-products like biogas, compost and potential use of the

liquid as pest repellent etc. From the agrarian environment of Saundatti the adoption of

organic recovery solutions like composting and vermicompost are the preferred options. We

do not recommend biomethanation at present as segregation is a primary requirement for

successful operation of biomethanation plants and this is not yet in practice. The Physical

processing technologies are useful to recover some of the non organic matter and should be

integrated into the main technology solution linked to organic waste recovery through

composting. Based on the above analysis it is recommended to have Composting and

Vermicomposting based waste management facility. This would be supported by the

recycling of plastics and other inorganic. This technology proposed is simple and easy to

implement with potential to meet the overall objectives of waste management elucidated

above. This is cost effective.

The integrated waste management facility would consist of waste receipt and segregation

facility, composting, vermicomposting, plastic recycling, brick making and landfill. The

material flow for the integrated waste management facility for Saundatti is given below.




56

6.2 Aerobic Composting

Aerobic Composting is a process of microbial degradation where organic matter is broken

down by a succession of organisms in a warm, moist aerobic environment (controlled

conditions).

Composting is a form of recycling. Like other recycling effort, the composting of municipal

solid waste can help decrease the amount of solid waste that must be sent to a landfill

thereby reducing disposal costs. Composting also yields a valuable product that can be used

by farmers, landscapers, horticulturists, government agencies and property owners as a soil

amendment or mulch. The compost product improves the condition of soil, reduces erosion

and helps suppress plant diseases.

Composting is an age old practice and the word compost is as old as agriculture itself. The

solid wastes of plant and animal origin are utilized for conservation of carbon and

mineralization.

6.2.1 Use of Inoculums

Special inoculum containing several pure strains of developed, laboratory-cultured

microorganisms, which are essential in the decomposition of organic matter, can be used for

accelerated decomposition and quality improvement.

Microorganism used can be:

• Bacillus sp.

• Trichoderma sp.

• Aspergillus sp.

• Phanerochaete sp.

6.2.2 Layout Planning of Facil ity

The integrated facilities have been planned at waste site spread over 8.27 Acre. Detailed

layout plan and other drawing of the waste processing and disposal facility are given in

annexure.




57

TABLE 6-1 DETAILS OF LANDFILL LAYOUT AT SAUNDATTI

Existing Area of Saundatti Site 34377.45 Sq.m

Items to be Considered Existing Proposed Area Sq.mt

Landfill Site No 2 Yes 2593

Landfill Site No 1 Yes 3136

Lab Yes 96

Office Yes 48

Toilet

Yes 37

Security Cabin Yes 26

Compost packaging and Storage Area Yes 247

VCB Shed 1 Yes 350

VCB Shed 2 yes 350

Vehicle Parking Yes 165

Vehicle Washing area Yes 96

Windrow compost pad (open) Yes 1600

Monsoon Shed Yes 600

Machine Shed Yes 600

Proposed VDP Yes 221

Windrow compost pad Yes 1071

Leachate Collection Tank Yes 18

Leachate Collection Sump Yes 18

Leachate Drain Length (Landfill to Sump) Yes 77 M

Storm Water Drain Yes 924 M

Leachate Drain Length (Windrow to Tank) Yes 51 M

Total 11272




58

FIGURE 6-1 LAYOUT PLAN FOR SWM SITE SAUNDATTI




59

The overall concept is to design waste processing and landfill site in coherence with the

existing facilities. It proposed to place the Waste Processing facilities towards the central

side of land. Adjacent to security building and additional office and lab building would be

constructed. Toilet facilities would also be provided. A parking area for vehicles, additional

composting facility, and vehicle cleaning unit is provided.

TABLE 6-2: DETAILS OF COMMON FACILITIES PROPOSED AT SITE

Sr.No. Component Details

1 Boundary Wall Already Existing

2 Internal Roads Already Existing

3 Entrance gate Already Existing

4 Weighbridge It is proposed to have 30 tons weighbridge of electromechanical type loading platform at the entry of the waste management facility. The weigh bridge system would have a vehicle monitoring and staff time monitoring system.

5 Office building, Lab and toilet block

It is proposed to have office Building 5.9 X 9.3X 3 M, Lab 9.8 X 9.3 X 3 M & 4.5 X 3.8 X 3 M two toilet blocks with separate provision for men and women.

6 Vehicle Parking It is proposed to have a vehicle parking area at landfill

7 Power facilities Power connection is available at the facility. In addition it also proposed to have a back up D G set of 60 KV capacity

8 General Services The general services include the lighting of the facility for minimum 20 lux. No night operations are proposed and hence limited lighting is adequate. Fire fighting tools are services are proposed including preparation of a fire fighting requirement assessment and plan preparation.

9 Rainwater harvesting

It is proposed to have rainwater harvesting on all buildings and harvesting of water from all open areas by directing to the water different percolation pits around the site.

10 Plantation around the boundary

Already existing

TABLE 6-3: DETAILS OF STRUCTURES PROPOSED

Name of the building / civil structure Cost / Sq. M , Cost / RMT Or Unit cost

Total Cost (Rs. in Lakhs)

Weighbridge accessories & Facilities 5.61

Processing shed (screening, packaging etc) 4289 51.47 Laboratory 13245

26.33

Office building / toilets etc Storage Platform + sheds 7206 + 2597 + 17632 17.80 + 31.17 +

43.55




60

Name of the building / civil structure Cost / Sq. M , Cost / RMT Or Unit cost

Total Cost (Rs. in Lakhs)

Vermi-Degradation Pad 7888 17.43

Leachate collection tank 3.48 Others (Work Storm Water Gutter) 1288 22.18 Total cost 219.03

6.3 Processing Decomposed Garbage

The un-segregated garbage when completely decomposed turns into black color, earthy

aroma and free from pathogens. This decomposed material is passed through the process

machineries, which are simple and highly effective.

The contraries that are non-degradable materials like plastics, metals, glass, rubber and

other inert materials are easily separated in four stages of screening. The sieving operations

eliminates bits, sticks, gravels, metals and glass pieces making the end product highly

uniform in size and quality.

Use of inoculums like consortium of degrading micro organisms / cow dung solution has

been recommended mainly to reduce period of decomposition to around 40 to 45 days and

also to prevent foul smell and leachate generation.

6.4 Proposed Infrastructure at Landfill Site

6.4.1 Windrow Platform

The windrow platform is an essential infrastructure for preventing contamination of

surface/underground source of water and nearby water bodies. In the instant case the

concrete yard is designed in such a way that the fresh garbage received during the first 30

days is decomposed so that the volume and weight of the organic matter is considerably

reduced. Inertisation is attained and the stability of organic matter is expected after 30 days.

Decomposed matter is processed to obtain coarse organic manure (semi processed organic

manure). The semi processed organic manure is allowed for stabilization for another 15 days

and screened so that the final end product in the form of organic manure is received after

passing through 4mm sieve. Such organic manure is a completely decomposed organic

matter which is sanitized and stabilized.

6.4.2 Leachate Tanks




61

Leachate tanks are designed in such a way that the leachate generated during the course of

decomposition of organic fraction of waste is collected in the drains leading to leachate

tanks. Leachate tanks of 6 X 3 X 1.8 cum capacity are designed in order to facilitate further

treatment of leachate.

6.4.3 Office building and Laboratory

An office building with a laboratory and toilet facility is proposed at the landfill site.

6.4.4 Tree plantation

3 rows of Plantation are already present at the site. Wind break trees have to be proposed

only on two sides so that the nearby habitation will not disturb the project in future.

6.4.5 Machinery, Monsoon Shed

The shed of 30M X 40.1M X 5 M is proposed for Trommels (35/14/4mm) and their

conveyors. This shed will also be used as a monsoon shed, to accommodate the processing

machinery; provision is made to process the waste even during rainy season as 8 to 10 days

material will be protected from rain water.

6.4.6 Compost packaging & storage Area

The shed of 13M X 19M X 5 M is proposed for storing accessories, various parts of the

machineries, processing equipment’s, oil & lubricants etc. Packaging of compost and its

storage will also be carried out in this shed.

6.4.7 DG set

A 60 kv DG set is proposed as an alternative power.

6.4.8 Power Supply

A total power supply of 125 HP is necessary to take care of composting activity including

lighting in the composting area.

6.4.9 Processing Machinery, Vehicles and Equipments




62

Mainly, three machineries are proposed to be present at the landfill site, namely 35mm

sieve trommel, 14 mm sieve trommel, 4 mm sieve trommel. Their respective feeder and

reject conveyors are also proposed.

A tractor trailer shall be used for internal transport of waste in the landfill site. A Back Hoe

Loader is to be used for turning of waste in the windrows.

6.4.10 Rain Water Harvesting

Rainwater harvesting is accumulation & deposition of rainwater for reuse on-site, rather

than allowing it to run off. Rainwater is collected from roofs, and in many places the water

collected is redirected to a deep pit (well, shaft, or borehole), a reservoir with percolation.

This water can be used for watering plants, vehicle cleaning etc. The harvested water can

also be used as drinking water, longer-term storage and for other purposes such as

groundwater recharge.

For Construction of Rainwater Harvesting Project, which would carry rainwater runoff from

rooftops & along the roof lining, buildings for Office and commercial sectors needs specific

requirements as stated below.

• Maximum roof coverage area should be considered, which includes monsoon shade,

machine shade and vermicomposting shades and any other temporary or extended

shades which are along the office building.

• Pipelines carry the water to the recharge pits provided inside the premises.

• Every recharge pit is measuring of 4 x 3 x 3 cum.

6.4.10.1 RECHA RGE PIT BU ILDIN G

• Dig a pit 4m wide near the office or structure till you reach the water level.

• Dig one more meter deep and put a layer of charcoal and 1/2 meters of river sand

which acts as a strainer. If required, use an iron sheet all around the pit to keep the pit

from collapsing. Remove the sheet after you put charcoal and one and half meters of

river sand.

• Connect one pipe to the DOWNPIPE that comes from the roof.

• A strainer at the top will keep leaves and other wastes from going down along with the

rainwater.




63

• Rainwater displaces the dense hard water underground. If water comes up to the

surface, put half a meter of ordinary sand on top of river sand. This will prevent the

water from overflowing. Once a week, pour bleaching powder solution through the pipe

on the roof. This will cleanse the pipe thoroughly on regular basis.

FIGURE 6-4 DETAILS OF DIFFERENT LAYERS IN RECHARGE PIT

6.4.10.2 MAINTENA NCE OF RECH ARGE PIT

The Recharge Pits have to be cleaned regularly as it would have clogged with run-off sand,

mud, leaves etc. Clean the recharge pit once a year. Dig out the filler material. And fill it

once again with clean materials.

6.5 Design of recommended processing and disposal options

The detailed drawings of the processing and disposal facilities have been provided in

annexure. The design details are provided for each of the facility below.

6.5.1 Waste Segregation Facil ity

The waste arriving at the integrated waste management facility is weighed at the gate and

data recorded. The vehicles arriving are smart segregated. Waste from the markets and

segregated wet waste to an extent of 2 tons per day is sent to the vermicompost facility.

The balance of the materials are taken to the segregation facility and tipped, which is

followed by aerobic composting process.




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6.5.2 Aerobic composting facil ity

Aerobic Composting is used for stabilizing organic matter. Composting can be used for

mixed wasteland results in production of stable product- compost which depending upon its

quality can be used as soil conditioner or potting medium. In this section the detailed design

and technical specifications of the compost facility are discussed.

Aerobic Waste decomposition processes: an overview

Aerobic composting involves the stabilization of the organics into compost by

microorganisms, which require the oxygen in air for their survival and growth. During this

process of conversion heat is released. There are ideal limits for different parameters within

which these microorganisms survive. Adequate moisture is required for the microorganisms

to survive and composting to take place. If these conditions are ensured to be stable the

compost quality and time of composting process can be controlled. In batch conditions the

composting process continues at progressively reducing rate as the oxygen becomes a

limiting factor or organics get consumed. To ensure the survival of these organisms the

availability of oxygen in the waste being composted has to be ensured through provision of

air. For economic reasons the time of composting is restricted till the major conversion is

done and subsequently compost maturing is taken up till the compost is safe for application

to plants. The organics typically have high moisture and in the compost process this is

removed. There are different possible configurations of holding waste and providing air for

aerobic composting. The selection of this is based on economics and competence in

handling technology.

The various parameters that affect the composting process and the compost quality are

organism’s population, carbon Nitrogen ratio, temperature, aeration and moisture. The

above-mentioned controlling parameters need to be monitored in the industrial scale plant.

In large composting operations it is necessary to monitor the wastewater, which comes out

of the organic waste, called leachate. The production of this leachate has to be minimized

and whatever leachate is generated has to be collected and reused for maintaining the

moisture content of the heap and as an inoculum.

Design choices




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There are many alternative approaches, which have been adopted for composting of

municipal solid wastes based on the broad principle of aerobic composting. The following

approach has been adopted for Saundatti

The waste as received is pre-sorted. The waste is formed into windrows and aerated. Roof is

proposed for the composting yard. The design is based on a 35-day waste composting cycle

with 15-day additional provision in concrete yard for additional waste load and for

management during monsoons.

Sizing of plant

The composting plant has been grouped into 3 parts. The inertising part, which is the basic

composting process consisting of the wastes windrowing process including aeration so that

stabilized material is produced. The second part is the compost segregation plant also called

the processing facility where the stabilized wastes are segregated into compost and rejects

and finally maturation and storage part.

The process Flow at Windrow Platform

The proposed type of waste processing facility is Windrow Composting system. Turning of

windrows is done using front-end loaders and optional primary air supply is through

blowing. The step-by step process operations are given below. The various aspects, which

come into play at each of the steps, are also given.

FIGURE 6-5: SQUEEZE TEST TO ESTIMATE MOISTURE CONTENT




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Waste processing facility

Step 1: The waste is transferred from segregation facility to the aerobic composting yard.

Step 2: The segregated waste is sent to the windrow platform. The windrow is then sprayed

with bio culture slurry.

Step 3: The windrow is maintained for 7 days. The temperature is monitored to ensure that

the composting process is ongoing. The leachate from the windrow comes out and is

collected in the drain. The drain is connected to the leachate tank. The leachate from

leachate tank is used for making the inoculum slurry.

Step 4: At 7 days from start the first windrow is reorganized. The waste volume would have

reduced by 15% compared to start with moisture reduction and degradation. While re-

forming the windrow addition of inoculums slurry and water to maintain the moisture is

done using the trailer mounted slurry tank. The temperature profile in the second windrow

is monitored. The leachate from the windrow may come out and is collected in the drain.

Step 5: At 14 days from start the second windrow is reorganized. The waste volume would

have reduced by about 15% compared to start of windrow 2 with moisture reduction and

degradation. The balance of the waste is reformed into the third windrow. Addition of water

is undertaken if required. The temperature profile in the third windrow is monitored. No

leachate is expected from now on.

Step 6: At 21 days from start the third windrow is reorganized. The waste volume would

have reduced by about 15% compared to start of windrow 3. The wastes are reformed into

the fourth windrow. Addition of water is undertaken if required. The temperature profile in

the fourth windrow is monitored.

Step 7: At 28 days from start the fourth windrow is reorganized. The waste volume would

have reduced by about 5% compared to start of windrow 4. The wastes are reformed into

the fifth windrow. Addition of water is undertaken if required. The temperature profile in

the fifth windrow is monitored. This is the maturing stage of the compost.

Step 8: At 35 days the waste is now composted and it is transferred to the processing line

initial hopper.




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Step 9: The aerobic composting waste is fed into the trommel in the processing line. It is

transferred to the conveyor, which lifts it into the first rotary sieve. The rotary sieve has 35

mm punched holes.

The waste not passing through the sieve is the reject, which is then transferred using the

belt conveyor to the reject platform. The material passing is then transferred to the second

rotary sieve using belt conveyors. The second sieve has 14 mm holes. A third sieve of 4 mm

punched holes is also provided for fine composting, to be sold as Grade I compost. The

materials not passing through the sieve is transferred out using a chute. The materials

passing through the sieve is transferred using a chute to a heap. The compost at the heap is

further processed with admixtures or directly bagged for sale.

The material of size between 35 mm and 14 mm is sold as grade II compost and the

materials less than 4 mm is grade I compost. Additional products with different admixtures

are made and sold as niche products. The present design does not provide the mixing and

grinding facility for compost upgradation, as this would depend on marketing plans. Space

for provision of these facilities is provided. Bagging is proposed manually.

Step 10: Materials recovery from the rejects is undertaken and the recyclables are stored in

the recyclables shed.

The reject are taken out for disposal in landfill daily. The recyclables are sold when adequate

quantity is available for transport. The compost is sold as per demand.




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The reject are taken out for disposal in landfill daily. The recyclables are sold when adequate

quantity is available for transport. The compost is sold as per demand.

TABLE 6-5 MATERIAL FLOW

Process Material Flow Saundatti (TMC)

Pro

cess

ing

Ist Stage Incoming Waste Feed Material Town Garbage Material Properties Mixed MSW TPD Volume Reject

Incoming Garbage Inoculants Addition 15.71 26.18

Moisture Addition

Sanitisation (at 55-65o C) for two weeks

Ist Heap / Windrow Formation (Moisture : 55 - 65%)

12.57 17.14

4.71

IInd Heap / Windrow Turning (Moisture: 55 - 62 %)

11.00 15.58

Decomposition (at 55-65o C)for two weeks

IIIrd Heap / Windrow Turning (Moisture: 55%)

9.42 11.22

IVth Heap / Windrow Turning (Moisture: 8.64 8.57




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Process Material Flow Saundatti (TMC) 55 - 62 %)

Shifting in Rain shed 7.85 7.79

IInd Stage

Feed Material Digested Compost (from Yard) Material Properties Moist, Bumpy, Heterogeneous, Sticky Coarse Segregation

Lump breaking, opening up , segregation and screening of fine material. (Below 35 mm)

7.85 7.08 1.57

Screening and Separation of material 6.28 5.10

2.36 (Below 14 mm) Oversized Rejections 3.93 3.19

(For recycling or sanitary land filling)

IIIrd Stage

Feed Material Screened material (Below 14 mm) Material Properties Moist, Lumpy, Sticky Curing Shifting of material to curing section for

further digestion / maturation &moisture management

2.45 1.99

0.49 Addition of Rock Phosphate, mixing &

turning 1.96 1.59

Shifting of material to refinement line.

Com

post

Ref

inem

ent S

ectio

n

IVth Stage

Feed Material Screened Material (Below14mm) Material Properties Moist , Sticky Refinement Screening and separation below 4 mm,

Oversized rejections sent for re-sanitisation.

1.57 1.27 0.39

Separation of heavy impurities as sand ,

glass , stones etc. 1.18 0.96 0.08

Standardization and Quality control.

Mixing of additives (Liquid/ Granules ) to improve quality of end products.

1.10 0.89

-0.08

Storage Finished good packing and shifting to storage section.

1.18 0.96




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Process Material Flow Saundatti (TMC) Rejects going into the Landfill 2.43

FIGURE 6-6 : SWM WASTE PROCESS FLOW CHART

TABLE 6-3: ARRANGEMENT AND TURNING OF WINDROWS




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In general, as the average windrow shape is between an oval and trapezoid a factor of 0.66 is assumed to estimate windrow volumes, therefore the equation for volume of the windrow is: Volume = Height X Width X Length X 0.66 Windrow dimensions should allow conservation of heat generated during composting process while also maintaining diffusion of air to the deeper portions of the windrow Windrows should be turned frequently, once a week over 5 weeks to maintain aeration, porosity and enhance degradation Frequency of turning depends upon: • moisture content, • porosity of material, • rate of microbial activity, and • desired composting time

6.6 Vermi composting

The mostly organic waste arriving at the facility is directed to the vermicomposting

decomposing yard. The waste is windrowed for a period of 15-20 days to undergo partial

decomposition. The vermi composting process starts with partially decomposed waste.. A

separate covered shed of 2TPD is already present at the site.

The earthworms eat the partially decomposed waste and produce casting. The casting of the

worms is the vermicompost. The degradation process in vermi composting takes places

inside the worm body by microorganisms. The selection of worms to obtain the best yield

per worm is available. The crux in this process is to get the worms to survive. The conditions

for survival of the worms have to be maintained in terms of the food availability, food

quality, moisture content and safety from predators. Another important aspect is that the

vermi castings have to be routinely removed. The whole vermin-composting operation has

to be done manually and require more care and effort. In terms of the infrastructure

requirement the vermi-composting takes off from the aerobic composting and simple

covered sheds are adequate.




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7 Design of Landfill

7.1 Design and Development of Sanitary Landfill Facility

The construction of landfill facility for all the cells shall be as per the specification and

drawings. Design of each cell of landfill facility is decided as per the topographical conditions

of the site area, subsequently development should be in same sequence. The Design

Fundamentals of Sanitary Landfill site at Saundatti is presented in the table below.

TABLE 7-1 DESIGN FUNDAMENTALS OF SANITARY LANDFILL SITE

Sr.No. SLF Components Units Details 1 Total Waste to be disposed in SLF for next 25 year Ton 173375 2 Waste to be disposed in SLF every year Ton 6935 3 Waste to be disposed in SLF daily Ton 19 4 Present Available area for SLF activity Sq.m 5665 5 Number of proposed Cells Number 2

6 Dimension of Proposed Landfill Cell L1 (Height of Cell Total 10 m - 5 M below ground and 5 M above ground Level)

Length (M) 68

Breadth (M) 46

7 Dimension of Proposed Landfill Cell L2 (Height of Cell Total 10 m - 5 M below ground and 5 M above ground Level)

Length (M) 59

Breadth (M) 43

8 Required Area for next 25 year for SLF + Bund area Sq.m 5301 9 Existing Area can cater to the requirement for next Years 27

10 Additional Landfill are Required for ULB after complete use of Existing Site Sq.m 0

11 Bulk density of compacted solid waste Ton / M3 0.8

12 Waste application height meters (above ground level) 5

13 Bottom liner slope (Transversely) % Towards

center of each cell.

1%

14 Leachate drainage slope (Longitudinal) % Towards leachate sump. 1%

15 Inner side slopes of Embankment (V: H) 01:02.5 16 Outer side slopes of Embankment (V: H) 01:02.5

7.2 Bio- Remediation at previous engineering site

Bio-remediation is use biological organism to solve environmental problem. It is the

collective range of cleanup methods by using natural micro-organism (such as bacteria,

plant, Fungi etc) to degrade hazardous organic contaminants to environmentally less toxic.




73

FIGURE 7-1: OPTIONS FOR TREATMENT OF EXISTING MSW DUMP ON THE SITE

Process of Bio-augmentation - Since the treatment is proposed only for the remaining

degradable waste on site, the process of bio-augmentation is very simple and cost effective.

• Step 1 – Loosening of waste using tractor or Back Hoe Loader.

• Step 2 – Spraying of Bio-culture on the waste ( for decomposition of remaining waste)

• Step 3 – Sieving the degraded waste - Sieved out waste can be used as manure.

• Step 4 – Rejected waste will be recyclable and inert. - The recyclable waste will be recycled and the inert waste will be used for leveling at dumping site.

TABLE 7-2: AREA AT LANDFILL SITE AFTER BIOREMEDIATION AND SEGREGATION

Area of the previous engineering landfill site 2200 sq m Assuming Depth of previous engineering landfill site 2.5 m Volume of Waste to be Bio remediated from previous engineering landfill site 5500 cu m Assuming Density of Waste 0.7 Kg/m3

Total weight of Waste in previous engineering landfill site 3850 Ton Inert waste (10%) to be resent to landfill 385 Ton Area required to be deducted (to resent inserts to landfill) 55.0 sq m Net area available from previous engineering landfill site after Bio Remediation 2145 sq m Existing Area can cater to the requirement for next 27 Year Total area available for landfill site after application of Bio remediation to previous engineering landfill site 7810 Sq.m

Total Area can cater to the requirement for next 37 year

Existing Dumping Site

Bio Remediation Segregation

Compost Plastic Paver Block Construction

Inert

Packaged & Sold Off

RDF & Road Construction

Debris for Road Construction

For Land filling

New Sanitary Landfill Site

Recyclables




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The landfill site is closed since few years and is not used for dumping of MSW. Till 2016, it is

apparent that most of the degradable waste must have had degraded till now. Hence the

following method of Bio remediation; i.e. Bio Augmentation will be suitable for the

treatment of the dumped waste. In Bio Augmentation, the current solid waste has to be

loosened with a tractor or Excavator. After the loosening, the culture will be sprayed on the

solid waste. It will increase the rate of degradation of the waste. After this stage, sieving of

the degraded waste will be done and sieved out waste will be manure and can be used as

compost. The rejected waste which will be inert or recyclable can go into landfill or into

suitable processes for recyclable waste.

Sl. No.

Fractions Resource Description %

recovery Application Remarks

1 Finest Fraction

Organic matter + fine Soil Bio-Earth A grade 30%

Manure in organic farming

As a soil improver, restoring alkaline or saline soils to fertility, improves soil breathing and water retention capacity

2 Coarser Fraction

Coarse Organics and sand Bio-Earth B grade

30%

Manure cum soil aggregate in farm applications

Used to control soil erosions, as a organic manure in tree pits, improves soil breathing and water retention capacity

3

Heavy Fraction

Pebbles (Between 20 and 40 mm) 10%

Construction and filling in low lying areas

Used for road shoulders

4 Pebbles (Between 40 and 80 mm) 8%

Construction and filling in low lying areas

Used for road shoulders

5 Tender cocoanut shells 2% As a Fuel Used to produce bio-bricks and in

hydroponic cultivation

6 Light fraction

Plastic and other recyclables

10% Recycling Reduces the use of virgin materials

7 Non recyclable combustibles

P2F (Plastic to Fuel)

Increasing diesel prices making P2F more attractive

8 Residuals Inert materials 10% Land filling Extends the life span of land fill sites

On the landfill site of the 10% of inert waste need to be re dumped on landfill after

bioremediation. As explained above, the required area considering the volume to be

deposited on landfill after Bioremediation and segregation along with the volume required

for sanitary landfill site is given.

7.2.1 Construction Procedure

Construction of landfill should be followed in the sequence given below:

S. No. Activity Possible Parallel / Independent Activities 1. Grading and leveling Service road around the site, fencing & green belt area 2. Side soil bund Power supply, water supply, Workshop, leachate pond,




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S. No. Activity Possible Parallel / Independent Activities office buildings, compost yard, weigh Bridge, waste segregation platform

3. Bottom liner system Storm water drain around the side soil bund

4. Leachate collection and conveying system Leachate collection sump

5. Side liner system Bottom liner system 6. Leachate collection sump Installation of pumps

7. Installation of pumps for Transferring leachate

8. Storm water drain around the side soil bund Peripheral service roads, green belt

9. Monitoring wells 10. Approach Road Storm water drain 11. Green belt area 12. Top liner system

7.2.2 Grading, Leveling and Base Formation

Before the construction of landfill facility, site shall be properly cleared from any shrubs and

bushes. A benchmark has to be fixed at an immovable known point. Site shall be leveled and

compacted. As the highest ground water table is at about 1 m from ground level, it is

suggested to have filling by hard murum of 0.5 m thick and compacting the same. The filler

material is leveled to get the desired slope of 1 %.

FIGURE 7-2: LINE PLACEMENT AT EDGES OF LANDFILL

FIGURE 7-3: LINE PLACEMENT AT EDGES OF LANDFILL




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7.2.3 Side Soil Bunds

In order to prevent the sliding movement of the waste, earth bunds has to be constructed

over the sides of landfill. The soil bunds are of trapezoidal shape. As per the design, the

landfill is 6 meters above the ground level and 4 meters below groud level. Total height

considered is 10 meter. The inside slope is of 1:2.5 (V: H). Soil bunds shall be of hard

murrum with required specification. The soil has to be tested as per the parameters

mentioned in Quality assurance plan. During construction of bunds, soil has to be laid in

layers of about 30 cm and each layer has to be well compacted before going for next layer.

During compaction the soil shall be at its optimum moisture content so as to achieve

maximum compaction. Soil bund is of 3 meters height with inner and outer slopes of 1: 2.5

(V: H). The top width of soil bund is 3 meters.

FIGURE 7-4: PLACEMENT OF THE HDPE LINER OVER THE CLAY LINER

FIGURE 7-5: PLACEMENT OF THE GRAVEL DRAINAGE LAYER AND GEOTEXTILE OVER THE CLAY LINER

FIGURE 7-6: LEACHATE COLLECTION PIPES ARE TO BE CONNECTED TO A SUMPTHROUGH THE LINER




77

7.2.4 Bottom & Side Liner System of Sanitary Landfil l Facil ity

A liner system is the barrier that separates waste from the environment. The bottom and

sideliner system must effectively stop the migration of leachate from the landfill for many

years. In order to prevent the migration of leachate from the landfill facility, the bottom and

side lining system is of minerallic type, with different layers and specifications. First after

grading and leveling the site, filling by hard murum is carried out as per the designed slope.

Over the filled material, 90 cm thick clay liner has to be laid. While laying clay liner, the

permeability of clay should be lesser than 1 x 10-7 cm/sec and the moisture content shall be

at its optimum moisture content. Clay layer of bottom liner shall be laid in layers of about 45

cm thick and should be well compacted with a vibrating Roller of 4 to 5 tons. After

compaction the clay layer shall be left out for natural drying and settlement for at least 5 to

6 days. If any cracks develops in clay liner that has to be grouted with bentonite.

FIGURE 7-7: WELDING OF HDPE GEOMEMBRANE

Over the clay liner, a High Density Poly- Ethylene (HDPE) liner of 1.5 mm thick has to be

provided. The joints of the HDPE liner have to be welded by Lap joint method. HDPE liner

shall be of two sides textured. Over the HDPE liner, a Geo-textile membrane of 1.5 mm thick

of non-woven type & Poly-propylene (PP) make should be laid. The textile portion of geo-

textile shall be facing upside. The purpose of Geo-Textile is to protect HDPE sheet from any

shock loads, which may be due to vehicle movement. Over Geo-Textile liner, a drainage

layer of thickness of about 30 cm has to be laid uniformly on entire bed of bottom area. This

drainage layer is for effective collection and conveyance of leachate coming out from waste.

Therefore, the permeability of the drainage layer shall be greater than 1 X 10-2 cm /sec.

The sideliner system should be same as bottom liner.




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BOTTOM AND SIDE LINER SYSTEM

7.2.5 Leachate Collection & Conveyance System:

In order to collect and convey the leachate to the collection sump, the leachate collection

channel has been designed. The leachate collection drain, from the middle of each cell as

shown in drawings has to be constructed first. The generated leachate will be collected in

the channel due to bottom transverse slope of 1.0%, and conveyed by gravity to sump due

to longitudinal slope of 1.0%. For collection and conveyance of leachate to sump, a

perforated HDPE pipe of 30 cm ID has to be laid as shown in drawings. The pipes should

have rectangular slots of size 20 mm x 5 mm, placed at spacing of 100 mm/cc in the

longitudinal direction and 50 mm spacing laterally. The slots shall be placed along the length

of the pipe only on the sides with 20 mm side of slot being parallel to the longitudinal axis of

the pipe, in a zigzag pattern as shown figure below

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM SHOWING PLACEMENT OF RECTANGULAR SLOTS IN LEACHATE COLLECTION PIPE




79

The leachate collection channels have to be packed with drainage material. The slopes of

the pipe should be such that, the leachate should flow easily into the leachate collection

sump later on the leachate from sump has to be transported for treatment.

FIGURE 7-8: WELDING OF LEACHATE PIPES

7.2.6 Leachate Collection Sump

RCC sump of 3-meter diameter temporarily covered with RCC slab has been recommended

to be constructed for collection of leachate from “leachate collection system”. The

construction of the sump shall be gradual with the filling of the waste. A clear depth of 1

meter has to be maintained between the bottom of sump and leachate connection pipe.

About 20mm thick plastering has to be done at the inner and outer side of sump. Epoxy

powder (which acts as water proof agent) has to be used during plastering. The RCC slab has

been provided with a manhole of 1 m x 1 m through with a monkey ladder. The manhole

has to be covered with hinged steel gate in order to avoid the entry of rainwater into the

sump. The collected leachate from sump has to be transferred to leachate pond by

pumping. After closure of Sanitary landfill Facility, appreciable quantity of leachate is not

expected to be generated, however, if any leachate is generated it has to be transferred to

leachate pond.

7.2.7 Installation of Pumps for Transferring Leachate

The leachate has to be pumped to the leachate pond. Two pumps (non-corrosive type) of 2

HP each (discharge 25 m3 /hr and total maximum head of 25 m) have to be installed in each

leachate collection sump. These pumps may be installed at the RCC slab of collection sump

with proper rainwater protection. While one will be active the other will serve as standby.

During heavy rainfall, both the pumps can be operated. The sump has to be covered and

protected against rainwater.




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FIGURE 7-9: SUPPORT OF LEACHATE PIPES

7.2.8 Storm Water Drainage System of Landfil l

Storm water drainage is one of the main components of landfill facility. The arrangement

shall be such that, the storm water from landfill facility has to be collected effectively in

drainage system and conveyed away from facility with in short time. Storm water drain shall

be of trapezoidal shape with brick lining. The inside part of drain has to be plastered with

cement motor. Storm water drain shall be constructed all along the outer periphery of soil

bund

7.2.9 Monitoring Wells

Monitoring wells have to be constructed around the facility for periodic monitoring of the

quality of ground water. The monitoring wells to be provided along the four corners of

landfill facility. The groundwater at a regular time interval must be monitored for the

specified parameters. The frequency of monitoring can be monthly in the first 5 years of

operation of the facility, thereafter quarterly up to 25 years or till the life of the facility is

exhausted and semi-annually after closure of the facility (for 5 years after closure of the

facility).

7.2.10 Green Belt Development:

The green belt development around landfill facility will ensure the reduction in soil erosion

and air pollution due to dust suppression. This also increases aesthetic value of the area. As




81

per the design, about 3 m wide green belt along the periphery and shall be developed

accordingly.

7.2.11 Office Building & Laboratory:

In order to manage the operation and maintenance of the facility and to maintain the record

of daily waste disposal, an office with necessary furniture and other facilities has to be

established at the site area. A laboratory will have to be set up in order to analyze waste

samples and to carry out monitoring activities with regard to air and water and some time

soil if required.

7.2.12 Other Infrastructure Facil ities:

Apart from above, other facilities such as electricity for lighting arrangement in SLF area,

weighbridge, fire protection equipment, personnel protective equipment, drinking water,

storage area for equipment, shelter for machinery & vehicles and security cabin will be

required during operation and maintenance of SLF. Periodically, crawler dozer will be

required for layer wise compaction of waste. A 300-micron thick LDPE/HDPE sheet, sand

filled bags will also be required for intermediate covering of waste during rainy seas

7.2.13 Final or Top Cover

The prime function of a final cover or the top liner system is to minimize infiltration of

precipitation. Other functions include preventing the contamination of surface run off, wind

dispersion of municipal solid waste and direct contact of the municipal solid waste with

humans and animals. For long-term performance with minimum maintenance, the final

cover is designed to promote surface drainage and minimize erosion. After the operational

life, each cell of landfill facility has to be closed and covered with suggested top cover

system, as shown below:

• Over the foundation layer, 30 cm thick gas drainage layer has to be laid with 16-32

mm size gravel.




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TOP LINER SYSTEM

• The gas outlet pipe should be connected to the gas drainage layer. The gas outlet

pipe is to remove the gas generated from consolidated waste after complete closing.

• Over the gas drainage layer, 60 cm thick clay layer should be laid. The permeability of

clay should be less than 1 X 10-7 cm/sec. During laying of clay layer, the moisture

content in clay should be as per the optimum moisture content in order to achieve

permeability factor shown above. The clay liner shall be laid in two layers each of

thickness 300mm. Each layer of clay shall be well compacted with a vibratory roller

of 4 to 5 tons.

• Over the clay liner, 30 cm thick storm water drainage layer has to be laid with 16-32

mm size gravel. The permeability of drainage layer should be more than 1 X 10-2

cm/sec.

• Over the drainage layer, 45 cm thick native soil should be provided for vegetation in

two layers. The first layer has to be compacted, other two layers has to be left loose

for the growth of vegetation. A vegetation cover has to provide at the top of the soil

in order to prevent the soil erosion due to precipitate and also for better landscaping

7.2.14 Tentative Cost Estimate for Sanitary Landfil l

The total cost estimate has been calculated for 25 years, in which 2 sanitary landfill pits are

to be constructed. For the purpose of design period of this project, consider the cost for




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12.5 years, i.e. construction of 1 Pit. The tentative cost estimate for development of the

sanitary landfill and other infra-structural facilities is presented in the following tables:

TABLE 7-3 COST ESTIMATE FOR DEVELOPMENT OF SANITARY LANDFILL

Sl. no

Description of Work Quantity Unit Rate/Unit Cost (Rs in Lakhs.)

1 Grading and leveling 5301 m2 13 0.67 2 Filling material 4283 m3 180 7.72 3 Soil bund 2650 m3 180 4.78 4 Bottom liner system 0.00 30 cm thick drainage layer (K=1X10-2 cm/sec) 3976 m2 180 7.16 1.5 mm thick geo-textile 3976 m2 135 5.37 1.5 mm thick HDPE liner 3976 m2 451 17.91 90 cm thick clay liner (K<1 X10-7 cm/sec) 3976 m2 360 14.33 5 Side lines system (same as bottom liner) 636 m2 1171 7.45 6 Leachate collection drain including HDPE pipe 560 RM 6307 35.32 7 Leachate collection sump (RCC) & pump for

transferring leachate to ETP 30.4 m3 12615 3.83

8 Cover liner system 2650 m3 1171 31.05 9 Leachate Pond 16.30 16.30 16.30 16.30 Sub-total 151.89 Adding 10% contingency 15.19 Total for sanitary landfill facility (25 Years) (2 Pit) 167.08 Total for sanitary landfill facility (12.5 years) (1 Pit) 83.54 Total for sanitary landfill facility (12.5 years) (1 Pit) – As per updated DSR 2016-17 93.56

7.3 Leachate from Landfill

The leachate from the landfill is mainly due to the rain water. Therefore, the leachate

depends on the rainfall in the town.

TABLE 7-4 LEACHATE GENERATION

S.N Particulars Details Units 1 Annual Peak Precipitation 503.6 mm 2 Area of the Land fill 7744 sq. m 3 Monsoon duration 90 days 4 Leachate Generate from the SLF 43 liters

Leachate from the Waste processing, composting and SLF shall be collected & treated

together in Planted Gravel Filter.

TABLE 7-5 ESTIMATION OF LEACHATE TANK

S.N Particulars Units Details 1 Leachate Generate from the SLF 43 cum / Day 2 Leachate from Windrow & Waste processing area 23 cum / Day




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S.N Particulars Units Details 3 Total Volume of Leachate Generation 66 cum / Day 4 Capacity of the Tank required 73 cum / Day 5 Total required length of the tank 20.5 m 6 Total required Width of the tank 1.4 m 7 Total required Depth of the tank 2.5 m 8 Total Volume of the Tank 73 cu m

7.4 Treatment of Leachate –Phytorid Treatment Plant

It is proposed to treat leachate from the landfill site using Phytorid Treatment Technology.

The treatment process has to have low operation and maintenance cost.

FIGURE 7-10 PHYTORID TREATMENT

This is the technology developed by National Environmental Engineering Research Institute

(NEERI), Nagpur for the treatment of municipal and industrial waste water. The technology

combines the physical, biological and chemical process without requiring any mechanical

equipment (thus eliminating the need for electricity and maintenance of equipment). The

Technology provides clean and aesthetic solution for the treatment of wastewater which is

generally thrown in open at the disposal points. BOD and COD removal is reported to be

achieved as 80 – 90 %. The components of the technology include

• Primary Settling cell (PSC) for the purpose of anaerobic pre- treatment of suspended

solids.




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• Secondary Advanced Filter cell (SAFC) that contains different sized stones and gravel

wherein anaerobic digestion occurs.

• Tertiary Biological wetland Cell (TBWC) made up of life supporting media (again stone

and gravel) and planed with aquatic flora such as Typha, Scirpus, Cyperus, Peltandra,

Phragmites etc.

This is fairly new technology and has been tested successfully a few places in Maharashtra

7.5 Material Specifications for Sanitary Landfill

The specifications and quality aspects of the Landfill facility is very important, in order to

achieve designed performance of sanitary landfill facility. Liner system of landfill facility has

been designed in consideration with following points;

• To prevent migration of waste, leachate to the adjacent subsurface soil or ground

water or surface water.

• Material specified for liner has adequate chemical properties, physical properties

and engineering properties to prevent failure on account of loads, climatic

conditions, and contact with waste or leachate.

• Slopes at bottom and sides area designed to withstand Liner material safely without

any sliding movement.

7.5.1 Material Specifications for Liners and Drainage System

7.5.1.1 BOTTOM & SIDE L INE R

1) 1X90 cm thick compacted clay or compacted amended soil with permeability less than

1X10-7 cm /s with the following specifications:

• Permeability to be checked before and after laying

• Free of any stones, kankars and any other foreign material

• Moisture content to be maintained during laying as per OMC. (Optimum Moisture

Content)

• To be compacted so as to achieve Proctor Density

• To be laid in 2 layers each of 30 cm thick

• Permeability & moisture content has to be checked in each layer.

• To be kept covered during installation so that moisture is not evaporated.




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2) 1X 1.5mm thick HDPE Geo-membrane of following specification:

• Tensile strength at yield greater than 18 KN / m.

• Tensile Strength at break greater than 30 KN / m.

• Tear Resistance greater than 150 N

• Puncture Resistance greater than 250 N

3) 1 X 1.5 mm thick Geo-textile;

• Type – Non woven

• Make – PP

• 200 GSM

4) 1 X30 cm thick Leachate drainage layer;

• Material – Sand or any other granule with permeability greater than 1 X 10 –2 cm

/sec

• Size Gradation – 16 to 32 mm

• Dust free

• Kankar free

• Rounded gravels

• Free of any angular or sharp aggregates

• To be laid as 30 cm thick uniform layer

7.5.1.2 LEACH ATE DRAINA GE SY STE M

The construction details of leachate drain is as follows:

• Longitudinal slope of leachate collection pipe shall be 1.0%.

• The bottom and sides of HDPE pipe has to be filled with the mixture of cement,

bentonite and sand.

• The HDPE pipe has to be covered with 200 GSM geo-textiles to prevent clogging of

slots by drainage material / other solids.

• Over HDPE pipe Gravel size of 16mm to 32mm has to be laid uniformly.

The specification of material to be used for leachate drain is given below:

1) 1 X 1.5mm thick geo-textile – 200 GSM

2) Mixture of sand, cement and bentonite shall be in ratio




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94%: 3% : 3% respectively.

3) Specification for HDPE pipe.

Internal Dia. –285 mm

Outer Dia. – 300mm

Wall Thickness –15mm

Pressure Rating- 4 Kg/cm2

7.5.1.3 TOP LINE R SYSTE M

1) 1 X 60 cm thick compacted clay or compacted amended soil with permeability less than

1X10-7 cm /sec.

Permeability to be checked before and after laying

Free of any stones, kankars and any other foreign material

Moisture content to be maintained during laying as per OMC. (Optimum Moisture Content)

To be compacted so as to achieve Proctor Density

To be laid in 2 layers each of 30 cm thick

Permeability & moisture content has to be checked in each layer.

2) 1 X 30 cm thick drainage layer

Material – Sand or any other granule with permeability greater than 1 X 10 –2 cm /sec

Size Gradation – 16 to 32 mm

Dust free

Kankar free

Rounded gravels

Free of any angular or sharp aggregates

To be laid as 30 cm uniform layer

3) 1 X 45 cm, fertile soil for vegetation

To be laid in two layers; the bottom layer to be compacted mildly and the top layer to be kept loose for growing vegetation.

Vegetation cover with Grass, shrubs etc. having root length <30 cm




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7.6 Operation Plan of Sanitary Landfill

7.6.1 Construction and Operational Plan

The operation of a landfill shall consist of the following steps:

• Operation before waste is transported to landfill facility

• Operation during disposal of waste into landfill facility

• Closer plan

• Record keeping

• Monitoring

7.6.2 Operation before Transportation of Waste

7.6.2.1 SITE DEVE LOPMENT:

The following construction activities shall be carried out along with construction of landfill

facility before disposal of waste.

• Construction of perimeter fence, entrance gate, weigh bridge and green belt.

• Construction of main access road near the entrance gate with parking area.

• Construction of service road along the perimeter of the site and well as construction

of approach road.

• Construction of waste inspection facility, equipment workshop and garage, vehicle

cleaning area.

• Installation of direction sings, site lighting, fire fighting facilities, communication

facilities.

• Construction of water supply and waste water/sewage disposal.

• Construction of surface water drainage system.

• Construction of main leachate pipe, sump and leachate pond.

• Installation of environmental monitoring facilities.

• Construction of emergency exit gate.

7.6.2.2 SITE PROCE DURE S: REC ORD KEE PI NG & WA STE INSPECT I ON:




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Records shall be kept on a daily, weekly and monthly basis. In addition a site Manual shall

be kept at the site office giving all site investigation, design and construction details the

following records shall be maintained during operation of landfill

(i) Landfill Manual: The site manual shall contain the following information:

• Data collected during site selection

• Environmental assessment report

• Site investigation and characterization data

• Detailed topographical map

• Design of landfill components

• Landfill layout and its cells

• Construction plans

• Details of leachate management plan

• Details of gas management plan (optional)

• Environmental monitoring program

• Closure and post-closure plan

• All permissions / license from concerned authorities.

(ii) Site Reports: The daily, weekly and monthly reports shall comprise of the following:

• Weighbridge data (daily inflow and outflow for each vehicle)

• Waste inspection data (daily)

• Materials, stores etc. (daily)

• Bills/accounts (daily)

• Visitor record (daily)

• Complaints record from nearby areas (daily

• Topographic survey at operating cell (daily/weekly)

• Photographic record at operating cell (daily/weekly)

• Environmental monitoring data (weekly/monthly)

• Waste filling plan and actual progress i.e., cell construction (daily/weekly) and review

(monthly)

• Leachate generation and gas generation (weekly/monthly/extreme events)

• Weather/climatic data (extreme events)




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• Accidents etc.

• Others.

(iii) Vehicle Inspection:

Each vehicle carrying the waste shall be checked for:

• Incoming weight (full)

• Outgoing weight (empty)

• Available of relevant documents

• Visual check at weigh-in (if feasible)

• Visual inspection after discharge at tipping area (inspection report to be filed for

each vehicle). A visual inspection checklist must be framed which should list visual

features for identification of unacceptable material. This checklist shall be filled for

every unloading by a vehicle in tipping area at the working cell in the landfill.

7.6.3 Operation during Disposal of Waste into Landfil l Facil ity

At the design stage, the cells of a landfill are clearly demarcated. Operation of a cell

requires planning and execution of daily activities such as daily waste filling plan and

demarcation, waste discharge & inspection, waste placement, waste compaction, daily

covering of waste, prevention of pollution & fires, etc.

7.6.3.1 DAILY WA STE FILLING PLA N A ND DE MA RC AT I ON AT SITE:

On the completion of a cell and before the start of a new cell, a waste-filling plan for daily

cells shall be evolved. A study of the landfill base contour maps and the final cover levels of

the cell allows such a plan to be developed. If a cell is to be operational for 365 days, all 365

cells must be marked in plan and in sectional drawings. These may require revision as a

landfill is constructed because waste quantities may vary in an unforeseen manner. The

area and height proposed to be filled every day should be demarcated at the site on a daily

or weekly basis using temporary markers or bunds.

7.6.3.2 WASTE DISCHA RGE & INSPEC TION

Waste shall be discharged by tipping at the working area of a landfill, within the area

demarcated for the cell. A designated operator shall visually inspect every discharged load.

Working area personnel shall be trained and competent at waste identification in order that




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they can recognize waste, which may be non-conforming. In the event of reasonable doubt

as to the waste acceptability, the operator shall inform the waste reception facility and/or

the site manager immediately.

7.6.3.3 WASTE PLACEME NT (SP READ IN G) & COMPA CTI ON

Once waste has been discharged it shall be spread in layers and compacted in a well-defined

manner to ensure that the completed slopes of a daily cell are at the designed gradients.

Waste placement (spreading) can be done by the following methods:

• Face tipping method: Waste is deposited on top of existing surface and spread

horizontally by tipping over an advancing face.

• Inclined layering method (onion skin tipping): Similar to (a) but inclined layering

(gentile slope) done instead of advancing of face.

• Working upwards: Waste is deposited on the lower surface and pushed upwards.

It is necessary to level and compact the waste as soon as it is discharged at the working

area. Steel wheeled mobile landfill compactors (smooth / cleared / spiked / special wheels)

are generally accepted as the best equipment for this purpose. They have largely replaced

the small crawler tracked machines, which were previously in general use.

7.6.3.4 POLLU TION PREVE NTION & SA FET Y DU RING OPE RA TI ON:

The following measures are needed to ensure that the landfill operation shall not adversely

affect local environment within and outside the landfill.

• Traffic: Heavy lorry traffic shall give rise to nuisance, damage to road surface and

verges and routing problems. The following measures are helpful.

o Routing to avoid residential area.

o Using one-way routes to avoid traffic conflict in narrow roads.

o Carrying out road improvements, for example strengthening or widening

roads, improved provision of footpaths, improvement of sight lines, provision

of passing places, provision of new roads.

o Limiting the number of vehicle movements.

o Restrictions on traffic movement hours, which are staggered with respect to

peak traffic hours.




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• Noise: Adverse impacts on the local community from noise may arise from a number

of sources including: throughput of vehicles and fixed and mobile plant for example

compactors, generators at the site. Peripheral noise abatement site measures shall

be adopted.

• Odour: Offensive odours at landfill sites may emanate from a number of sources,

including waste material, which have decomposed significantly prior to land filling,

leachate and leachate treatment systems, and landfill gas. Good landfill practices

shall greatly reduce general site smell and reduce impact from odours, which could

lead to complaints from the local community, site users and site staff.

• Good practice includes: (a) adequate compaction; (b) speedy disposal and burial of

malodorous wastes; (c) effective use of appropriate types of daily cover, (d)

progressive capping and restoration; (e) effective landfill gas management; (f)

effective leachate management and (g) consideration of prevailing wind direction

when planning leachate treatment plants, gas flares, and direction of tipping.

• Litter: Poor litter control both on and off site is particularly offensive to neighbors.

Good operational practice shall be adhered to in terms of temporary fencing, waste

discharge, placement, compaction and covering to minimize the occurrence of

windblown litter.

• Bird Control: Birds are attracted to landfill sites in large numbers where sites receive

appreciable amounts to bio wastes. Measures, which can be used to mitigate birds’

nuisance, include good landfill practice, working in small active areas and progressive

prompt covering of waste, together with the use of bird scaring techniques.

• Vermin and Other Pests: Landfills have potential to harbour flies, rodents and

vermin, particularly where the waste contains biomaterials. Modern land filling

techniques including prompt emplacement, compaction and covering of wastes in

well-defined cells are effective in the prevention of infestation by rodents and

insects.

• Dust: Dust from landfill operations is mainly a problem during periods of dry weather

but can also arise from dusty waste as it is tipped. Dust is generally associated with

(a) site preparation and restoration activities, (b) the disposal of waste comprising of

fine particles, for example powders, and (c) traffic dust. Dust suppression can be

effected by (a) limiting vehicle speed; (b) spraying roads with water and (c) spraying




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site and powder type waste with water; (d) covering powder type waste with daily

soil cover.

• Mud on the Road: Mud on the public highway in one of the most common causes of

public complaint. It is therefore, in the interest of the landfill operator to provide

adequate wheel cleaning facilities to ensure that mud is not carried off site by

vehicles.

• Landfill Fire Management: Fires in waste on landfill sites are not uncommon and it is

important for site operators to be aware of the dangers, how to treat fires and to

address the problems associated with them. All fires on-site shall be treated as a

potential emergency and dealt with accordingly.

• Landfill Safety Aspects: Training of employees shall include: site safety, first aid and

the handling of dangerous materials where appropriate. Since landfill sites can pose

dangers to both site operator and users, emergency plans shall be laid down. Landfill

sites shall be regarded as potentially hazardous locations and the operator shall have

a written safety plan for the site. Safety hazards present at landfill sites may include;

(a) moving plant and vehicle; (b) steep slopes; (c) bodies of standing water; (d)

contaminated, putrescible, toxic flammable or infective material and (e) noxious,

flammable, toxic or hazardous gas. All employees and visitors to the site shall be

made aware of the potential hazards and the safety procedures to be implemented

including fire safety.

7.6.4 Closure and Monitoring Plan of Landfil l Facil ity

As each cell is completed and as the final cover level is reached in successive cells, the

following interconnectivities are established:

(a) The leachate collection system of each cell is sequentially connected (if so designed) the

surface water; drainage system at the cover of each cell is sequentially connected (of so

designed)

(b) Upon completion of all cells a final check is made of the proper functioning of all inter

connected systems.

An access road is provided on the landfill cover to enable easy approach for routine

inspection of the landfill cover.




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7.6.4.1 POST CLOSU RE VE GET AT IVE STA BIL IZA TION (LON G TE RM)

If a landfill cover is intended to be used for a specific purpose e.g. park or vehicle parking

area, then the cover shall be stabilized in such a manner that the end-use is achieved.

However, if no specific end-use is envisaged, then long-term vegetative stabilization shall be

undertaken to return the land to its original and natural vegetative landform.

Vegetation is by far the most common and usually the preferred stabilization option after

closure of landfills. If a self-perpetuating vegetative cover can be established, not only can

wind and water erosion be minimized, but also the landfill can be returned to some

semblance of its original appearance and land use. In favorable climates, re-vegetation may

require only modest effort or may occur by natural process during a reasonably short period

of time. However, in arid climates or a harsh environment, establishment of vegetation may

be a difficult and costly process and alternative techniques may be examined for vegetative

stabilization.

While the specific procedures are unique to each landfill and climatic regime, the following

representative elements of the process shall be adopted in all procedures.

(a) Short-term Vegetation: It is common practice, in both humid and dry environments, to

rely largely on grasses for the primary initial source of short-term land cover. Usually several

species are included in the initial seeding mixture to increase diversity and reduce the

chance of total community failure. Short-term vegetation is usually assisted by irrigation.

(b) Long-term Vegetation: To achieve the ultimate goal of attaining a self-sustaining and

stable community, a transition between short term and long-term vegetation must occur. In

some cases, this may be left to invasion by native species after short-term vegetation is

assured and soil development is well under way. In other cases – for example, when

irrigation has been used temporarily to establish the short-term community, it may be

necessary or desirable to enhance the natural succession process by replanting with a more

diverse mix of species suited to the next stage of community succession. The need for

artificial enhancement of the succession process shall depend on the success of previous

short-term efforts and on the ultimate intended land use. All vegetation efforts, however,

shall work toward self-generation and minimum management in the long term.

7.6.5 Record Keeping




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7.6.5.1 DURING CONSTRUC TI ON OF LI NERS AND COVE RS

• During the construction of liners and covers, inspection shall be carried by

independent agency / KSPCB (or its nominee) at least twice during each cell to

ensure that construction procedures and quality assurance plan are being followed.

• Immediately upon the completion of construction of a liner in each cell, the

complete set of construction records and quality control test results shall be

provided by the TMC to the KSPCB for verification and record keeping. The same will

also be done upon the completion of cover system in each cell.

7.6.5.2 DURING OPE RATION

• The owner/operator shall monitor and keep a record of the following in the

operation period:

o Functioning of the leachate management system (including levels in leachate

holding tank) (weekly).

o Functioning of the surface water run-off system (weekly)

o Functioning of the gas management system (weekly)

o Waste filling records shall be kept on daily basis.

o Leachate sampling and monitoring shall be done 1 to 2 times a month.

Leachate shall be analyzed for the parameters specified in Para 6.5. The

results shall be recorded and compared with the permissible limits provided

by the KSPCB.

o After a major storm, the occurrence of the storm and functioning of various

systems shall be recorded.

• The KSPCB (or its nominee) shall inspect all facilities at least twice a year. The

owner/operator shall provide a copy of the environmental monitoring record to the

KSPCB on a yearly basis.

7.6.5.3 DURING CLOSU RE A ND POST CLOSU RE PE RI OD:

Period inspection and routine maintenance at a closed landfill site shall be carried out for a

period of 15 years after closure. The KSPCB shall inspect all facilities during the closure and

post closure period at least once a year. The owner/operator shall provide a copy of the

environmental monitoring record to the KSPCB once a year. The following components of a




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closed landfill shall be inspected visually after landfill closure to confirm that all functional

elements are working satisfactorily and inspection report will be recorded. A maintenance

schedule with specified reporting formats is drawn up after each inspection.

(a) Cover System:

The final cover is inspected 2 to 4 times a year (a) to check that vegetation growth is

occurring satisfactorily and that plants are not showing stunted growth (b) to detect if any

erosion gullies have been formed thereby exposing the barrier layers, (c) to earmark

depressions that may have developed with time and (d) to identify pounding of water on

the landfill cover. At least one inspection shall be carried out during or immediately after

the peak of the monsoon season.

Closed landfills show significant settlement. Rectification measures shall not only re-

establish the initial slope of the cover (for proper surface water run-off) but shall also ensure

that all the components of the landfill cover system continue to perform as originally

envisaged. TMC shall have sufficient equipment and funds to periodically carry out

maintenance work in the form of soil filling, re-grading the cover and re-vegetating the

landfill cap.

In areas where extensive erosion gully formation is observed, filling of cover material,

regarding of cover slopes and re-vegetation must be routinely undertaken.

(b) Surface Water Drainage System:

The surface water drainage system is also inspected 2 to 4 times a year (i) to identify cracks

in drains due to settlements. (ii) To delineate clogged drains requiring immediate clean up

and (iii) to study the level of deposited soil in the storm water basin and initiate excavation

measures. Broken pipes and extensively cracked drains may require replacement after

filling soil beneath them to establish slopes for gravity flow. In extreme cases where long-

term settlement shall be excessive, it shall become necessary to make sumps and operate

storm water pumps for removal of accumulated water in the drainage system.

(c) Leachate Management Systems:

A weekly operating record of leachate management systems shall be kept in the post-

closure period. Periodic inspection of the leachate collection systems (2 to 4 times a year) is

undertaken to identify broken pipes, leaking gas (if any) and damaged or clogged




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wells/sumps. Repair work requires skilled manpower and shall be carried out by the

agencies operating the gas treatment and leachate treatment facilities. One may often have

to install new gas extraction wells and leachate collection wells if the damaged / clogged

facilities are inaccessible and irreparable.

7.6.6 Environmental Monitoring Systems:

Ground water monitoring wells, air quality monitoring systems shall be periodically carried

out to check that all systems are functioning satisfactorily and those well caps sampling

ports are not subjected to damage due to excessive settlement or vandalism.

Environmental monitoring systems have to be maintained during the entire post-closure

period. Wherever possible, monitoring instruments must be periodically re-calibrated.

Sampling devices shall be routinely detoxified and also regularly checked for proper

functioning of the opening and closing of valves or spring-loaded mechanisms.

The activities to be carried out under environmental monitoring plan are as follows:

TABLE 7-6 ACTIVITIES TO BE CARRIED OUT UNDER ENVIRONMENT MONITORING PLAN

Sl. No.

Activities to be Carried Out

Parameters to be Monitored Duration of Monitoring

1 Monitoring of groundwater quality at up and down streams in monitoring wells

pH, TDS, Cl, Sulphates, Nitrates, Total Hardness (as CaCO3), Phenolic Compounds (as C6H5OH), Fe, Zn, As, Cd, Cr6+, Cu, CN, Pb, Hg & Ni

Monthly

2 Monitoring of ambient air quality at landfill

Suspended Particulate matter, CH4, SO2, NH3& CO

Bimonthly

3. Monitoring of leachate quality before and after treatment

pH, Turbidity, TDS, TSS, Ammoniacal Nitrogen, Kjeldahl Nitrogen, CN, Nitrates, Total Hardness (as CaCO3), Cl, F, Sulphates, Kjeldahl N, BOD, COD, Phenolic Compounds (as C6H5OH), Heavy Metals such as As, Hg, Pb, Cd, total Cr, Cu, Zn, Ni, CN etc.

Monthly during rainy season

4. Monitoring of landfill gas quality

CH4, CO2 & CO Monthly

5. Monitoring of surface water quality from drain channel at the exit of landfill

BOD, COD, TSS, TDS, Cl-& Heavy Metals Monthly during rainy season

7.6.7 Post-Closure Criteria:




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• After closure of the landfill, the owner/operator of the landfill shall maintain the

integrity of the final cover systems including making repair, as necessary to rectify

the settlement, subsidence or erosion of the cover.

• After closure of the landfill, the owner/operator shall continue to operate all

leachate, gas and surface water management systems as well as continue

environmental monitoring of the landfill for a period of 15 years or until such time

that harmful leachate is not produced for 5 continuous years.

The landfill shall be abandoned after 15 years of closure, if concentrations of contaminants

in all liquid and gaseous emissions from the landfill are observed to be below prescribed

limits. However, if the emissions continue to be hazardous, the landfill management

strategy shall have to be evolved.




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8 Institutional Aspects and Capacity

Building

The subject of solid waste management has remained neglected for the past several

decades with the result that the level of service is highly inadequate and inefficient. For

improving the solid waste management services it is essential to adopt modern methods of

waste management, have a proper choice of technology, which can work in the given area

successfully. Simultaneously, measures must be taken for institutional strengthening and

internal capacity building so that the efforts made can be sustained over a period of time

and the system put in place can be well managed. Institutional strengthening can be done

by adequately decentralizing the administration, delegating adequate powers at the

decentralized level, by inducting professionals into the administration and providing

adequate training to the existing staff. It will also be necessary to fix work norms for the

work force as well as for supervisory staff and the output expected from the vehicles and

machinery utilized. NGO/private sector participation also needs to be encouraged to make

the service competitive and efficient

8.1 Decentralization of Administration

In the Town of Saundatti, the SWM services can be performed effectively by

decentralization of administration. The SWM functions are proposed to be decentralized as

under:

8.1.1 Ward Level administration

The ward level administration should be fully responsible for ensuring storage of segregated

waste at source, primary collection of waste, street sweeping and taking the waste to bulk

community waste storage sites clearing debris and cleaning surface drains and public

spaces. The cleaning of each street, lane, by-lane, markets and public space should be

regularly supervised by the ward-level supervisors. Qualified supervisors having a diploma

of sanitary inspectors should be appointed as a ward level supervisor and he could be

designated as sanitary sub inspector. He should work under a sanitary inspector who should

supervise at least three wards under




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8.1.2 Town Level Administration

The Town level administration should supervise and support the zonal level administration.

The central SWM Department should be responsible for upkeep of vehicles and for

managing the disposal sites in an environmentally acceptable manner.

The central SWM department should also be responsible for the procurement of vehicles,

equipment, and land for processing and disposal of waste. As a head office it should take

policy decisions and co-ordinate the activities of all the zones and the wards and be

answerable to the chief executive officer and elected body for the efficient functioning of

the department. It should look after the recruitment of manpower, human resources

development, training etc.

8.2 Delegation of Powers

Authority and responsibility should go hand in hand. For fixing accountability there should

be adequate delegation of fiscal and disciplinary powers to the officers and the supervisory

staff responsible for managing solid waste and carrying out all day-to-day functions

smoothly.

The Head of the SWM department should also have the power to punish subordinates

including supervisory staff. Adequate in-built checks may be introduced to ensure that the

delegated powers are not misused.

8.3 Work Norms

Norms of Work for Street Sweepers

The sweepers may be assigned “Pin point” individual work assignments according to the

density of the area to be swept. The yardsticks given earlier may be adopted.

As per Normative standards of GOK 1 sweeper is allotted for every 1000 M of Road length.

The norms of work for the supervisors may also be prescribed and monitored by the

Municipal Corporation, for the extent of sweeping areas and the number of garbage

collection points to be inspected each day by the various levels of supervisors and

inspection of processing and disposal sites etc. to ensure adequate output of the

supervisory staff.




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All Supervisory Officers right from sanitary sub-inspectors to Health Officer and Engineer in-

charge of SWM department must remain on the field for 4 hours in the morning between

the time of street sweeping and lunch break. The timings for the middle level supervisor

could be from 7.00 a.m. to 11.00 a.m. and for senior levels from 8.00 a.m. to 12.00 noon or

8.30 to 12.30 in the morning. The junior level supervisors should supervise there till the end

of the working hours of the street sweepers and transport staff. This supervision will have a

direct impact on the quality of service.

For capacity building of the department, senior officials should be frequently exposed to

developments taking place in various parts of the State and country by sending them out on

City visits and to attend seminars, workshops and training courses. They should also be

involved in all decision making processes.

The sweepers may be directed to sweep the roads and footpaths in the area allotted to

them as well as to collect the domestic, trade and institutional wastes in their handcart from

the households, shops and establishments situated on the road/street allotted to them. The

above sweeping norms are for cleaning the streets in the first 4 hours of the working day. In

the remaining hours of the day, if there is a continuous 7/8 hours duty, or in the evening

session, if there is broken duty, the sweepers should be assigned pin point work for cleaning

the streets in slums and unauthorized settlements to ensure hygienic conditions in the city

and prevent the problems of health and sanitation arising in such areas.

The roads, which have a central verge or divider, should be considered as two roads. In such

cases, the length of the road allotted for sweeping should be reduced to half or alternatively

separate sweepers may be engaged for sweeping two sides of the road.

Norms of work for supervisors may be prescribed and monitored by the local body for

inspection of sweeping done, clearance of waste storage depots, transportation of waste

carried out, etc. Inspection of processing and disposal sites by various levels of supervisors

may also be prescribed to ensure adequate output of all the supervisory staff.

The first level supervisors could be asked to inspect the work of all the sweepers at least

once in two days. The sanitary sub-inspectors should inspect all the beats twice a week and

the sanitary inspector at least once a week. All temporary waste storage depots must also

be inspected by the same level of supervisors with the same frequency. All Supervisory

Officers right from Sanitary Sub Inspector to Health Officer/Chief Engineer in-charge of




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SWM department must remain on the field for 4 hours in the morning between the time of

street sweeping and lunch break. The timings for the lower and middle level supervisor

should extend beyond the duty hours of the sanitation workers in the afternoon/evening to

verify whether work has been done properly. This supervision will have a direct impact on

the quality of service.

For capacity building of the department, senior officials should be frequently exposed to

developments taking place in various parts of the State/ country by sending them out on

city visits and for attending seminars, workshops and training courses. They should also be

involved in all decision making processes

8.4 Induction of Environmental/Public Health Engineers

The subject of solid waste management, so far being handled by Health Officers, and now

handled by environmental engineers or public health engineers with the support of

mechanical/automobile engineers to handle the workshop facilities. Qualified engineers

should, therefore, be inducted as under.

i. Public Health/Environmental Engineers of the level of Executive Engineer to head the SWM department.

ii. Qualified Sanitation Diploma holder/Sanitation Officer @ 1 S.O. per Zone. iii. Qualified Sanitation Diploma holder Sanitary Inspector (S.I.) @ 1 S.I. per 50,000. iv. Qualified sanitation diploma holder Sanitary Sub-inspector. per 25,000 population or

part thereof.

8.4.1 Need of Manpower

A. Professionals and supervisors for Collection and Transportation

Sr. No. Grade Present Required as per Norm (till 2022*) 1 Environmental Engineers 0 1 2 Sanitation Officer 0 1 3 Sanitary Inspector 1 1 4 Sanitary Sub-inspector 0 2 5 Pourkarmikas

31 56

6 Drivers 13 7 Security Person at Landfill site 1 8 Processing Plant Manager 1

*After yr 2022 numbers would require to be updated as per prevailing norms in yr 2022.




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8.5 Human Resource Development

Human Resource development is very essential for internal capacity building for any

organization. Training, motivation, incentives for outstanding service and disincentives for

those who fail to perform are essential for human resources development.

Concerted efforts should be made by the Municipal Corporation to inculcate among its

officers and staff a sense of pride in the work they do and to motivate them to perform and

give their optimum output to improve the level of services of the City and the image of the

Municipal Council.

8.5.1 Training

Solid Waste Management has been a neglected subject for the past several decades.

Systems have, therefore, not developed to improve the service. Knowledge of new

technology and methods coupled with training at all levels is necessary. No specialized

courses have so far been designed to meet need of different levels of staff. Short and

medium term courses should, therefore, be designed for the sanitation workers and

supervisory staff. Special training and refresher courses may also be conducted as explained

below.

8.5.2 Special Training to Unqualified Staff

Unqualified supervisory staff should be given in service training to qualify for supervising

sanitation works. They may be sent out for training to the All India Institute of Local Self

Government or such similar institutions which designs special courses for sanitation

supervisors.

8.5.3 Refresher Courses for All Levels of Staff

Refresher courses should be conducted for the sanitation workers as well as supervisory

staff at least once in every 5 years, or they should be sent for training to get an exposure to

advance in this field.




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8.5.4 Exposure to Municipal Commissioner/ Chief Executives

It is necessary to give an orientation to the Municipal Commissioners/Chief Executives of the

local bodies and make them aware of this important aspect of Urban Management. They

may therefore be given exposure to SWM through short training programs.

8.5.5 Exposure to Elected Members

Whereas the Municipal Commissioners or the Chief Executives are responsible for day-to-

day affairs of the urban local bodies, the elected members are the policy makers and their

sanctions are essential for any major investments or improvements in SWM services. It is,

therefore, necessary that the members of the elected wing such as the Mayors/Presidents

of the Corporations/Municipalities and other important office bearers of the local bodies

are given appropriate orientation towards the need of modernization of solid waste

management practices in the urban areas and the importance of the same in terms of

health and sanitation in the cities/towns. If these members are given an appropriate

exposure, they would automatically support adequate financing for solid waste

management services and strengthen the hands of chief executives in the implementation

of modern methods of waste management and they would also help in getting public

support through their network of field workers.

8.5.6 Design SWM Courses

SWM courses may be designed and regularly updated for Engineering, Medical and applied

science disciplines. Academic institutions at the national and state levels should be involved

in this exercise by the concerned departments of Central and State Governments

respectively. The syllabus of the engineering colleges, medical studies as well as sanitary

inspectors’ diploma courses should lay adequate emphasis on solid waste management.

Following Table Summarizes the training requirement for specific category of Solid Waste

Management workers

TABLE 8-1: TRAINING REQUIREMENT FOR MUNICIPAL WORKERS

Sr. No Designation Training Requirement 1 Municipal Commissioner / Chief

Officer / President of ULB Training on Public Private Partnership, Project Finance Exposure Visits to Best Practices in MSWM




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Sr. No Designation Training Requirement 2 Environment Engineer Training on Staff Management, Operation and

Maintenance of Solid Waste Management Facilities Exposure Visits to Best Practices in MSWM

3 Sanitary Inspector Training on Collection, Transportation, Processing and disposal practices of MSWM Training on IEC Practices

4 Pourkarmikas / Street Sweeping Workers

Training on Health and Safety during MSWM

8.5.7 Promotional Opportunities

Adequate promotional opportunities should be available in the decentralized SWM

hierarchy to maintain the interest of the supervisory staff to remain in the department.

• Special Training to Unqualified Staff

• Unqualified supervisory staff should be given in service training to qualify for

supervising sanitation works.

• Refresher Courses for Supervisory Staff

• Refresher courses should be conducted for the supervisory staff at least every 5

years, or they should be sent for training to get an exposure to advance in this field.

8.6 The Entire Administration of SWM Department to Be Under

One Umbrella

With a view to avoid the problems of lack of coordination and passing of responsibility to

others, it is necessary to have one person exclusively in charge of SWM in the City. The

overall control in relation to collection, transportation, processing and disposal of all waste,

including workshop facilities, should lie with him. He should also be responsible for the

cleaning of open drains under 24” depth, collection of silt, construction waste and debris

and vehicle deployment and maintenance. This work should not be left to the Engineering

Department, which should however continue to be responsible for the removal and

transportation of silt from the underground drains, storm water drains or surface drains

exceeding 24” depth, and the left over waste material from their Engineering and major

road works.

8.7 Inter Departmental Co-Ordination




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Since the SWM department depends greatly upon the support of various departments of

the Municipal Corporation, more particularly the Engineering department, the Municipal

Commissioner may hold regular monthly co-ordination meetings to sort out problems faced

by the SWM department such as expeditious repairs of roads, drains, water-supply pipe-

lines etc. which cause hindrance to street and City cleaning. The reinstatement of roads dug

up by utility services should also be given priority.

The procurement procedures for the SWM equipment also need to be expedited and

simplified in such meetings. A Rate-contract system should replace time consuming

tendering procedures.

There should be an Apex Committee comprised of representatives of various utility services,

headed by the Municipal Commissioner to co-ordinate the laying of underground services in

the City by various utilities and the reinstatement of the roads as soon as the underground

services are laid. The Apex Committee should ensure that repeated digging of road is

avoided for laying of services by various utilities at time. The works to be carried out by

various utilities on a particular road should be coordinated to prevent frequent digging of

roads.

Laying and maintaining of services in slums, provision of public health engineering services

and water supply for public toilets and road construction in the slums to improve overall

health and sanitation in the City may also be regularly reviewed in the co-ordination

committee meetings.

8.8 Encouragement to NGO’S and Waste Collector Co-Operatives

NGOs may be fully involved in creating public awareness and encouraging public

participation in SWM planning and practice.

The Municipal Corporation may also encourage NGOs or co-operative of rag pickers to enter

this field and organize rag pickers in doorstep collection of waste and provide them an

opportunity to improve their working conditions and income. The Municipal Corporation

can give incentives to NGOs in their effort of organizing rag pickers in primary collection of

recyclable and/or organic waste, and provide financial and logistic support to the extent

possible.




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8.8.1 NGO/Private Sector Participation

SWM services are highly labour intensive on account of increased wage structure of the

Government and municipal employees this service is becoming more and more expensive.

Besides, the efficiency of the labour force employed in the Municipal Corporation is far from

satisfactory. High wage structure and inefficiency of the work force results into steep rise in

the cost of service and yet the people at large are not satisfied with the level of service

being provided by the Municipal Corporation. Efforts to increase the efficiency by H.R.D. and

institutional strengthening will, to some extent improve the performance but they may not

be enough. It is, therefore, necessary that the Municipal Corporation seriously consider

augmenting NGO/private sector participation in solid waste management.

Private sector participation or public private partnerships may be considered by Municipal

Corporation keeping in mind the provisions of the Contract Labour (Regulation and

Abolition) Act 1970 of the Government of India under which state governments can prohibit

contracting out the services already being provided by the Municipal Corporation.

Therefore, while considering any measure of privatization it is necessary to keep in mind the

provisions of the above law, the directions that may have been issued by the state

government under this law in those areas which are not prohibited and where Municipal

Corporation is not currently providing a service. This will check growth in the establishment

costs, bring in economy in expenditure and introduce an element of healthy competition

between the private sector and the public sector in solid waste management services. There

should be a right mix of private sector and public sector participation to ensure that there is

no exploitation of labour as well as of the management.

NGO/private sector participation can, therefore, be considered in newly developed areas,

under-served areas and particularly in areas where Municipal Corporation have not been

providing service. Some examples are given below:

NGO/private participation is recommended in the areas of door to door collection of

domestic waste, door to door collection of commercial waste, door to door collection of

hospital waste, hotel waste, construction waste, and yard waste, and in the area of

awareness and creating public participation. The private sector may also be brought in for




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the operation and maintenance of compost plants and other treatment plants and O& M of

engineered landfill facility.

Major repairs and maintenance of vehicles at a private garage may also be considered

seriously.

8.8.2 Incentives to the NGO/Private Sector

Solid waste management, processing and disposal are an area where the private sector has

still not shown much interest. The private sector has, therefore, to be given some incentives

by way of long term contract, assured supply of garbage at the plant site, lease of land at

nominal rates for entering this field.

NGO as well as Private sector participation may be encouraged in such a way that it does

not affect the interests of the existing labour; it does not violate the provisions of the above

law, does not exploit the private labour and yet reduces the burden of the Municipal

Corporation. This will substantially help in improving the quality of service of the Municipal

Corporation, effect economy in expenditure and also give scope to the private sector to

enter the waste management market.

8.9 Public Awareness

8.9.1 Introduction

Everyone is concerned with the growing problems of waste disposal in urban areas with the

scarce availability of land for processing and disposal of waste and environmental

remediation measures becoming ever more expensive. It is therefore necessary to not only

think about effective ways and means to process and dispose of the waste that we generate

each day, it is also essential to seriously consider how to avoid or reduce the generation of

waste in the first place and to consider ways to re-use and recycle the waste, so that the

least quantity of waste needs to be processed and disposed off. Ideally waste should be

minimized at source. Waste that can be avoided stops being a burden for the municipality.

8.9.2 Reduce Reuse Recycle (R-R-R)

In Saundatti there is very negligible action on Reduce, Reuse and Recycling of waste. The

quantity of packaging waste material and non-bio-degradable waste is going up alarmingly




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every year. This increases the burden on local bodies to deal with the problem of non

biodegradable and non-recyclable components of waste landing up at processing and

disposal sites.

8.9.2.1 REDUCE OF WA STE BY ALL C ONCE RNED:

All manufacturers producing a variety of domestic and non-domestic products, food as well

as non-food should be persuaded to seriously endeavor to use re-usable packaging

materials so that after the delivery of goods, the packaging materials could be collected

back and used over and over again. They could also consider minimizing or avoiding use of

unnecessary packaging materials by innovative methods.

Incentives & product discount should be given to consumers for the return of packaging or

bottling materials in good condition, to the waste producers or retailers to promote re-use.

The cost of packed articles and article without packaging material could be kept different

with a choice to consumers to take the article without the packaging material at low cost.

In this era of excessive packaging materials being used, a lot of recyclable waste material is

generated. All-out efforts are necessary to retrieve recyclable material from the households,

shops and establishments and fed to the recycling industries through intermediaries such as

waste purchasers, waste collectors/NGOs, etc.

Recycling means the reprocessing of used materials that would otherwise become waste. It

breaks materials down to its main component and produces new products. Recycling is most

common for valuable material or materials that are costlier if produced from virgin raw

material (such as metal, plastic, glass, and electronic waste). Recycling of organic matter

produces compost, which can be used as a soil enricher in gardens and horticulture and

which contributes to improved agriculture production.

8.9.2.2 REUSE:

Efforts should be made to encourage collection of re-usable material through waste

collectors, waste producers, NGOs and private sector instead of allowing reusable waste to

land up on the disposal sites. Bottles, cans, tins, drums and cartons can be reused.

Reuse happens when something that already fulfilled its original function is used for another

purpose. However, reuse does not involve reproducing or transforming the item. For




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Example typical reuse strategies are the deposit refund system for glass bottles or

polyethylene terephthalate (PET) water bottles, old tires that are used in fences or as boat

fenders, steel drums that are used as compost bins or plastic bags that are reused as liners

for household waste bins.

8.9.2.3 REC OVE RY:

Recovery relates mainly to energy recovered from waste. Waste that cannot be reused or

recycled can be, for example, incinerated to generate heat or electricity. Another option for

organic waste is anaerobic digestion to produce biogas. The appropriateness of such

recovery strategies depends on the composition and calorific value of waste,

8.9.3 Public Participation

Public participation is the basis for improving the solid waste management. This requires lot

of effort. Public participation is essential in the following activities.

a. Reduce, Reuse & Recycling (R R R) of waste. b. Not to throw the waste/litter on the streets drains, open spaces, water bodies,

etc. c. Storage of organic/bio-degradable and recyclable waste separately at source. d. Primary collection of waste e. Community storage/collection of waste in flats, slums, societies, commercial

complexes, etc and other waste source generators. f. Pay adequately for the services provided.

The local body should decide the methodology to be adopted for reaching the community

and seeking their cooperation and effective participation in SWM services. This is a very

difficult area of activity and unless this is done meticulously, desired results will not be

achieved.

The essential steps in this direction is to select representative samples of the community

and go through a consultative process to ascertain the perceptions of the people about the

SWM services being given to them, their expectations and extent to which they are willing

to support and participate in the process. Their choice of technological options available

also needs to be ascertained.

There is a need to interact with the community to Identify problems of waste management

through site visits and consultation with local population at the time when the community is




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generally available for interaction. It may either be in early morning or late evening. The

areas may be selected by following the method of drawl of representative samples.

Situation analysis may be done by the persons who know the subject reasonably well, know

local language and can communicate with local population effectively. Such persons may be

Non-Governmental Organizations, Community Based Organizations or knowledgeable

individuals. They should try to find out the prevalent situation of waste management in the

area under observation and ascertain the perceptions of the people about the services

provided. In this exercise the local councilors, local leaders, NGOs, etc., may be invited to

participate

8.9.3.1 FIND ING OU T OP TI ONA L SOLU TI ON S

Having identified the deficiencies in the system and known the public perceptions, the next

essential step is to think of optional solutions to tackle the problems, workout the cost

implications and level of public participation needed.

8.9.3.2 CONSU LT C OMMU NI TY ON OPTI ON S AVA ILABLE:

There should be second round of consultative process where the options worked out may

be discussed with the community along with cost implications and their support required.

Their suggestions may be sought on each solution proposed. The community may be

encouraged to give their views. If we ask the people straight away the solutions of the

problems they may not be able to give right kind of suggestions as they have no exposure of

various technological options. Therefore, they must be first appraised of the options

available and then asked to give their considered opinion on what will work in their area and

how much they are willing to cooperate.

8.9.4 IEC & Capacity Building

There is a need for capacity building to promote the concept of waste segregation at source.

A detailed plan for capacity building has to be developed. An overview of the concepts, mass

awareness program involved and training is presented here. A budget for the mass

awareness campaign has been included in the estimates. The success of the segregation

concept is based on the consistent follow up over a long period of time.




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In Solid Waste Management (SWM) the people, partnerships, coalitions, resources and skills

very are essential to its successful implementation. Multiple approaches have to be adopted

for creating awareness and participation including.

• Conducting IEC campaigns • Providing access to repositories of information and resources (e.g. databases,

libraries • and web sites) • Trainings (public, customized or on-line) • Consultation (e.g. coaching, facilitating, expert advice and conducting research) • Publications • Coordinating alliances • Web based forum for interaction among different players

Information, Education and Communication (IEC) campaigns are critical for working with

individuals, communities and societies to promote positive behaviors. The IEC strategies

should combine approaches and methods that enable individuals, families, groups,

organizations and communities to play active role in achieving, protecting and sustaining the

desired behavioral change. Solid Waste Management is an activity in which volunteerism

and public participation are the keys to success. It is not only the technology but public

attitude and behavior that are going to make the difference. A participation model for

implementation of Segregation and a table giving details of activities to be practiced are

presented below.

Target Group Area covered in brief Topics

Elected Representatives- Group 1

General Orientation on: Solid Waste Management- Technical, Institutional, Financial and legal aspects

Technical Aspects: 4R Concept-Reduce, reuse, recover, recycle Institutional Aspects: Collection & Storage Transportation Transfer Stations Role of NGOs/ CBOs Financial Aspects: Budgeting for SWM Cost recovery for SWM services Legal Aspects: MSW(M&H) Rules, 2000 MSWM in Kerala Municipalities Act Byelaw

Mobilization for Action, Human Resource Development

Interactive process for Strategic thinking (by communities, NGOs, professionals& ULB) to prioritize SWM issues and to identify resources to address them.




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Target Group Area covered in brief Topics Interactive process for improving the efficiency, effectiveness and the performance of local SWM systems. (iii) Steps for Improving SWM

Senior Officers

General Orientation on SWM Plan Preparation and Implementation including technical & technological aspects

Need for Planning-present inadequacies and shortfalls. How to prepare an SWM Plan (preliminaries like quantitative and qualitative survey of MSW , Identification of technology options, community mobilization, facilitating alliances Implementation of SWM Plan Different technology options Role of different players

Financial Management Budgeting for SWM Cost recovery for SWM Services

Legal Policy aspects MSW(M&H) Rules, 2000

Monitoring & Evaluation

What is Monitoring? What is Evaluation? Record keeping and Documentation Importance of Monitoring& Evaluation Monitoring Tools

Human Resource Management for SWM

Human resource for SWM- Capacity Assessment Human Resource Development For SWM(developing personal and organizational skills, knowledge, abilities of staff; opportunities for employee training, employee career, performance, coaching, mentoring, succession planning, key employee identification etc ) Human Resource Management System for SWM(payroll, work time, benefits, recruiting, training, performance

Field Workers

Orientation on Effective Collection, Segregation and Transportation of Solid Waste

Different Types of MSW Handling of Hazardous/dangerous items Primary Collection and Transportation Tips for effective collection and transportation

Source: AIILSG Analysis

As part of this project a budget for awareness creation has been included with the following

objectives.

a) To undertake an awareness campaign to reach about 80,000 household, commercial establishments and institutions on a door to door basis using Pamphlets and one to one interaction over a period of 3 months.

b) To undertake a campaign for organizing awareness days at about 150 schools, educational institutions and other centers across the city.

c) Carrying out 'Waste Management waste Day Events' once a week for a period of 6 months.




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These activities would be carried after the procurement of the vehicles and setting up of the

integrated waste processing management facility with scope for processing segregated

waste and recovering resources from the collected segregated waste. The message in the

IEC would be communicate the action taken by the SMC and the expectations from the

community for ensuring that an segregation based integrated waste management facility

becomes a reality.

TABLE 8-2: ACTION PLAN FOR TARGET GROUPS

Sr.No. Target Groups

Target Group Details Action Plan

1 Waste Generator

Residential Areas (Women (household), Maids, children and Youths). Commercial Areas (Shopping areas, Vegetable markets, Offices, Hotels, Restaurants). Institutional Areas (Jr. High Schools, Colleges)

Holding locality-wise meetings, seminars, targeted community meetings with self-help groups, through street plays, technical and pictorial presentation along with aware them about health hazards and remedial measures and sanitation improvement. Informing and suggesting them about the segregated waste management and their important role.

2 Waste Collector Sweepers Rag pickers Waste loaders Truck drivers Landfill supervisors

They all should be involved and sensitize about the need of segregated waste collection and sanitation Improvement. The waste collection, transportation and disposal of the waste in proper timing so that waste could not be overflow. The waste collector should be trained about the collection of segregated waste.

3 Waste Managers

Administrators and supervisors Control and monitoring team Complaint handlers Computer software operators and specialists

Presenting them about the Rules and Regulation and updating them about the ongoing activities and techniques for MSW management. Training programs for the technical staffs Providing the reviews of progress and monitoring activities

4 Leaders Political Leaders (Local These leaders can be motivated to




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Sr.No. Target Groups

Target Group Details Action Plan

MLA, MP) Religious Leaders Community Leaders

participate actively in promotional efforts of community involvement in Segregated solid waste management.

5 School Teachers and Students

Primary Schools Jr. High Schools Public Schools

School teachers can be informed and involved in the segregated solid waste management scheme and can be motivated to educate the children for the sanitary improvement. The students can be educated and trained for the segregated waste management system and they can be great awareness creators for the societies. Some groups of students can be created as monitoring and awareness team for sanitation improvement which will make a great impact on societies and communities.

6 Media Print Media Electronic Media

Launching mass campaign for educating and motivating local communities and families about the need of segregation of Solid Waste and its management for sanitation and hygienic improvement.

7 Elite groups or social organizations

NGOs, Societies CBOs Sr. citizens Association Rotary Clubs/ Lions Club

Sensitize and motivate local influential people like Sr. citizens, leading businessmen, social club members, NGOs and CBOs etc. to undertake or sponsor such activities for solid waste management for effective strategy of public participation and awareness.




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9 Summary of Financial Requirement The summary of financial requirement for proposed Solid Waste Management DPR is given

in this section. It is recommended to set up and operate an efficient solid waste

management system in the town.

9.1 Requirement of Capital Cost

The table below gives details of the financial requirement as capital expenditure for

improving efficiency of waste management.

TABLE 9-1: COST ESTIMATE FOR PROPOSED VEHICLES, EQUIPMENT AND MACHINERY

Vehicles/Equipment 2017 - 22 Cost/ Vehicle Total Cost Plastic Bins (2 nos.) for Door-to-door collection Gross Requirement No.s 18,366 available at present No.s 0 To be Procured No.s 18,366 Rs. 0.00121 Rs. 22.22 2Cum Twin Compartment box Tippers for D2D Collection Gross Requirement No.s 8 available at present No.s 5 To be Procured No.s 3 Rs. 5.2 Rs. 15.60 Push Carts 6 Bins for Street sweeping by ULB Gross Requirement No.s 30 available at present No.s 6 To be Procured No.s 24 Rs. 0.137 Rs. 3.30 Push Carts 6 Bins for Door to Door Collection in Congested Areas Gross Requirement No.s 3 available at present No.s - To be Procured No.s 3 Rs. 0.137 Rs. 0.41 Tractor-Trailer for Road Sweeping Waste Collection Gross Requirement No.s 2 available at present No.s 1 To be Procured No.s 1 Rs. 7.25 Rs. 7.25 Tractor Trailer for targeted Bulk Waste Collection ( Veg Markets and Hotels) Gross Requirement No.s 1 available at present No.s 1 To be Procured No.s - Rs. 7.25 Rs. 0.00 Jetting and suction machine for Drain Cleaning Gross Requirement No.s 1 available at present No.s 1 To be Procured No.s 0 Rs. 32.50 Rs. 0.00




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Vehicles/Equipment 2017 - 22 Cost/ Vehicle Total Cost Tractor Trailer at Landfill Site Gross Requirement No.s 1 available at present No.s - To be Procured No.s 1 Rs. 7.25 Rs. 7.25 Back Hoe Loader at Landfill Site 75 HP Gross Requirement No.s 1 available at present No.s 1 To be Procured No.s 0 Rs. 24.20 Rs. 0.00 Total Rs. 56.04

TABLE 9-2: ESTIMATED BUDGET EXPENDITURE

Sr. No. Description

Total Estimated Amount

Contingency - 3%

Grand Total

1 Existing VCP repair cost 1.00 0.03 1.03 2 Collection & Transport 56.04 1.68 57.72 3 Processing Facility 219.03 6.57 225.60 4 Sanitary Landfill & associated facilities 93.56 2.81 96.37 5 Mechanical Component at Processing Facility 70.81 2.12 72.94 6 Leachate Treatment Cost - {Phytorid Technology 7.04 0.21 7.25 7 Recycling facilities 10.00 0.30 10.30 8 Social Forestry 6.00 0.18 6.18 9 Napkin Incinarator 4.40 0.13 4.53 10 Rain water Harvesting 2.87 0.09 2.96

11 Dry Waste Collection Centre and E Waste Collection Centre

4.80 0.14 4.95

12 BioMining/BioRemediation 5.00 0.15 5.15

Total Estimated Amount 475.82 14.27 490.09

9.2 Funding Pattern

S. No.

Government Project contribution source Amount in Rs. Lakhs

% share by Govt. entity

1 Central SBM Grant 171.53 35.00% 2 State Grant towards its share in project 114.35 23.33% 3 Committed contribution by the TMC 204.21

Total 490.09




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9.3 Detailed BOQ and Estimation

Name of the work : Civil Work for Common Facilities @ Saundatti Sr No

Description of Item Unit Nos Length Width Height Qty Total

Qty Final Rate Amount

1

Earth work excavation in hard soil for foundation of structures by mechanical means as per drawing and technical specification, including setting out, construction of shoring and bracing, removal of stumps and other deleterious matter, dressing of sides and bottom, backfilling the excavation earth to the extent required and utilising the remaining earth locally up to 1 km lead.(Depth up to 3 Mts) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 2.23.1 pg.no. 7

F1 5 1.75 1.55 1.6 21.70 F2 8 1.95 1.75 1.6 43.68 F3 2 2.15 1.95 1.6 13.42

Cum Total 78.80 78.80 56 4385

2

KSRB 4-2.1 Providing and Laying in position plain cement concrete of mix 1:3:6 for Foundation and bedding with OPC cement @ 220 Kgs, with 40 mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.892cum and fine aggregates @0.465 cum machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms. thick, well compacted, in foundation, including cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 4.2 pg.no.12

F1 5 1.75 1.55 0.1 1.36 F2 8 1.95 1.75 0.1 2.73




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F3 2 2.15 1.95 0.1 0.84

Cum 4.92 4.92 5637.45 27763

3

KSRB 4.2.2 Providing and Laying in position Reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 320 kgs, with 20mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @0.69 cum and fine aggregates @ 0.460 cum, with super plasticisers @ 3 litres conforming to is 9103-1999 reafirmed-2008, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms thick, vibrated for all works in foundation for footings, columns and plinths etc., including the cost of all material, labour, HOM of machinery, compacting, curing complete but excluding the cost of reinforcement as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka KSRB 4.2.2,Sl.No.4.11, pg.no. 13

F1 5 1.6 1.4 0.45 5.04 F2 8 1.6 1.5 0.45 8.64 F3 2 1.8 1.6 0.45 2.59

Footing total

16.27

Column up to Plinth Level CG1 4 0.23 0.375 1.55 0.53

Column up to Plinth Level CG2 11 0.23 0.45 1.55 1.76

Column 2.30




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total

Cum Total Qty 18.57 18.57 6540.4

5 121465

4

KSRB 4.2.8: Providing and laying in position Reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15cms thick, vibrated for beam, Roof slab including cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.4.13, pg.no. 14

Plinth Beams 1 89.82 0.76 0.38 25.94 0 Roof Beams 1 106.66 0.23 0.45 11.04 0

Column Above Plinth Level CG1 4 0.23 0.375 3.9 1.35

Column Above Plinth Level CG2 11 0.23 0.45 3.9 4.44

Cum Total Qty 42.76 42.76 6473.2

5 276828

5

KSRB 2.3: Filling available excavated earth in sides of foundations up to plinth in layers not exceeding 20 cms. In depth, compacting each deposited layer by ramming after watering with lead up to 50m. and lift up to 1.5 m. including cost of all labour complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.no. 2.10, pg.no. 6

Filling in Footing F1 5 1.75 1.55 1.5 20.34 F2 8 1.95 1.75 1.5 40.95 F3 2 2.15 1.95 1.5 12.58




121




73.87 Deductions F1 5 1.6 1.4 0.45 5.04 F2 8 1.6 1.5 0.45 8.64 F3 2 1.8 1.6 0.45 2.59 16.27 Filling in Footing 57.60 Filling below Plinth Beam 1 0.45 1.55 0.07 0.05 Lab 1 9.84 9.3 0.45 41.18 Office 1 9.31 5.81 0.45 24.34 Toilet Block 2 4.6 3.8 0.45 15.73

Cum Total 138.90

138.90 133.35 18523

6

KSRB 4-6.1: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for foundations, footings, bases of Columns for mass concrete including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka,Sl.No.4.28, pg.no. 15

F1 5 6 0.45 13.5 0 F2 8 6.2 0.45 22.32 0 F3 2 6.8 0.45 6.12 0 Column up to Plinth CG1 4 1.21 1.05 5.082 0

Column up to Plinth CG2 11 1.36 1.05 15.708 0

Sq.m 62.73 62.73 237.3 14886




122




7

KSRB 4-6.5: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for columns, pillars, post and struts, square/ rectangular/ polygon in plan including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. 4.6.2 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.4.35, pg.no. 16

Column above Plinth CG1 4 1.21 3.9 18.876 0


Sq.m 77.22 77.22 384.3 29676

8

KSRRB M400-6.2 Construction of granular sub- base by providing close graded material , spreading in uniform layers with motor grader on prepared surface , mixing by mix in place method by rotavator at OMC and compacting with vibratory power roller to achieve the desired density , complete as per specification.(Grade 2) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka KSRB 20.5.2, pg.no. 155



Sq.m 77.22 77.22 4128.6 318810

9 KSRB 4-6.7: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for sides and soffits of beams, beams hunching, cantilever, girders,




123




bressumers and lintels etc not exceeding 1 M in depth including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. 4.6.2 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.4.34, pg.no. 16

Plinth Beam 1 89.82 1.22 109.5804 0

Roof Beams 1 106.66 1.36 145.0576 0

Sq.m 254.638

254.64 268.8 68447

10


S1 4 4.47 4.95 0.15 13.28 0 S2 2 3.94 4.77 0.15 5.64 0 S3 2 4.77 5.95 0.15 8.51 0

Slab Total 27.43 0

D1 2 1.2 0.23 0.23 0.13 0 D2 3 0.9 0.23 0.23 0.14 0 W1 6 1.5 0.23 0.23 0.48 0 V1 3 0.6 0.23 0.23 0.10 0

Linte 0.84 0




124




l Total

Cum Total Qty 28.27 28.27 6473.25 182996

11

KSRB 4.2.10: Providing and laying in position Reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20, with machine mixed, well compacted for plain chajja of 7.5 cms. Average thickness, up to ground floor level, including cost of all materials, labour, machinery, finishing, curing, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.4.19, pg.no. 14

D1 2 1.2 0.75 0.075 0.14 0 D2 3 0.9 0.75 0.075 0.15 0 W1 6 1.5 0.75 0.075 0.51 0 V1 3 0.6 0.75 0.075 0.10 0

Cum 0.89 0.89 498.75 446

12

KSRB 4-6.1: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for suspended floors, landings, thickness up to 200 mm including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications .Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka,Sl.No.4.30, pg.no. 15

Slab bottom 1 19.3 10.3 198.79 0

Slab sides 1 59.2 0.15 8.88 0 Sq.m 207.6 207.6 294 61055




125




7 7

13

KSRB 4.9.2: Providing TMT Fe-500 steel reinforcement for R.C.C. work including straightening, cutting, bending, hooking, placing in position, lapping and/ or welding wherever required, tying with binding wire and anchoring to the adjoining members wherever necessary complete as per design (laps, hooks and wastage shall not be measured and paid) cost of materials, labour, HOM of machinery complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 4.46.2 pg.no.17

Tonne 5.3 5.30 63452.

55 336299

14

KSRB 6-4.3: Providing and constructing Burnt Brick Masonry for Superstructure, with approved quality of non- modular bricks of standard size of class designation 3.5 Newton per sqmm with cement mortar 1:6, including cost of materials, labour charges, scaffolding, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 6.14 pg.no.28

Total outer and inner wall lengths 1 89.82 0.23 3.67 75.82 0 Deduction D1 2 1.2 0.23 2.1 1.16 0 D2 3 0.9 0.23 2.1 1.30 0 W1 6 1.5 0.23 1.2 2.48 0 V1 3 0.6 0.23 0.9 0.37 0

Total deducti 5.32 0




126




ons

Cum Total Qty 70.50 70.50 6079.5 428587

15

KSRB 15-3.11: Providing 18 mm thick cement plaster in single coat with cement mortar 1:3 to brick masonry including rounding off corners wherever required smooth rendering: providing and removing scaffolding, including cost of materials, labour, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.15 pg.no.113 and 114

Internal Plaster 0 Lab block 2 9.84 3 59.04 0 Lab block 2 9.3 3 55.80 0 Office room 2 9.31 3 55.86 0 Office room 2 5.81 3 34.86 0 Toilet Block 4 4.6 3 55.20 0 Toilet Block 4 3.8 1.8 27.36 0

288.12

288.12

Deduction D1 2 1.2 2.1 5.04 D2 3 0.9 2.1 5.67 W1 6 1.5 1.2 10.80 V1 3 0.6 0.9 1.62 23.13 Sq.m 264.9 264.9 211.05 60808




127




9 9

16

Providing 15 mm thick Cement plaster in single coat in cement mortar 1:3 to brick masonry including rounding off corners wherever required smooth rendering,: Providing and removing scaffolding, including cost of materials, labour, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.12 pg.no.113

External Plaster 0

Long walls 2 19.3 4.35 167.91 0

Short walls 2 10.3 4.35 89.61 0

257.52 0

Deduction D1 2 1.2 2.1 5.04 0 D2 3 0.9 2.1 5.67 0 W1 6 1.5 1.2 10.80 0 V1 3 0.6 0.9 1.62

23.13 0

Sq.m 234.39

234.39 249.9 58574

17

Providing 12 mm thick Cement plaster in single coat in cement mortar 1:3 to ceiling including rounding off corners wherever required smooth rendering,: Providing and removing scaffolding, including cost of materials, labour, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.21 pg.no.114




128




Ceiling Sq.m 1 19.3 10.3 198.79

198.79 199.5 39659

18

KSRB 10-3: Providing and laying integral cement based waterproofing treatment including preparation of surface as required for treatment of roofs, terraces consisting of following application. (a) Applying and grouting a slurry coat of cement admixed with proprietary water proofing compound 5 over the RCC slab after cleaning the surface before treatment. (b) Laying cement concrete using broken brick bats 25mm to 100mm size with 50% of cement mortar 1:5 admixed with proprietary water proofing compound over 20mm thick layer of cement mortar 1:5 admixed with proprietary water proofing compound to required slope treating similarly the adjoining walls up to 300mm height including rounding off junction of walls and slabs. (c) After two days of proper curing, applying a second coat of cement slurry admixed with proprietary water proofing compound. (d) Finishing the surface with 20mm thick joint less cement mortar of mix 1:4 admixed with proprietary water proofing compound and finally finishing the surface with trowel and neat cement slurry and making of 300*300mm square. (e) The whole terrace so finished shall be flooded with water for a minimum period of two weeks for curing and for final test including cost of materials, labour complete as per specifications Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 10.2 pg.no.66




129




Sq.m 1 18.84 9.84 185.39

185.39 931.35 172659

19

Providing and fixing Vitrified glazed tile of approved make, quality and color of size 600*600*10mm thick fixed on bed of 12mm thick cement mortar for flooring, skirting and jointed with neat cement slurry mixed with pigment to match shade of tiles, including providing spacers at required interval and removing stains etc., complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 14.45 pg.no.107

Lab Sq.m 1 9.84 9.3 91.512 0

Office Sq.m 1 9.31 5.81 54.0911 0

Toilet 1 Sq.m 1 4.6 3.8 17.48 0 Toilet 2 Sq.m 1 4.6 3.8 17.48 0

145.60

145.60 1162 169242

20

KSRB 14-17.1: Providing dadoing with white glazed tiles 6mm thick on 10mm thick cement plaster 1:3 and jointed with white cement slurry over existing rough cement plaster surface using glazed tiles of approved make and size including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications.(Ht.-1.2 M) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 14.40 pg.no.106

Dado Sq.m 2.00 4.60 1.20 11.04 0




130




Sq.m 2.00 4.60 1.20 11.04 0 Sq.m 4.00 3.80 1.20 18.24 0 Sq.m 2.00 1.20 1.20 2.88 0 43.2 Deduction V1 3 0.6 0.9 1.62 41.58 43.20 990 42774

21

KSRB 15-14.1: Providing and applying two coats with oil bound washable distemper of approved brand and shade on wall surface including priming coat with distemper primer after thoroughly brooming the surface free from mortar drops and other foreign matter including preparing the surface even and sand paper smooth, cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.49 pg.no.117

Refer Section 15 Sq.m 264.99

264.99 75 19755

22

KSRB 15-16.1: Providing and finishing external walls in two coats with waterproof cement paint of approved brand and shade to give an even shade after thoroughly brooming the surface to remove all dirt and loose powered material, free from mortar drops and other foreign matter including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications.(With Primer) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.53.2 pg.no.118

Refer Section 16 Sq.m 234.39

234.39 88 20673




131




23

KSRB 9.4-1: Providing Red Sal Wood Frames of doors, Windows, clerestory windows, ventilators, and other frames, wrought, framed or assembled including making plaster groves (Excluding cost of cement concrete and side clamps), but including cost of materials, labours, HOM of machineries complete as per specifications. Specification No. KBS 9.33 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 9.13.1 pg.no.51

D1 4 2.1 0.1 0.125 0.11 0 4 1.4 0.1 0.125 0.07 0 D2 6 2.1 0.1 0.125 0.16 0 6 1.1 0.1 0.125 0.08 0 W1 12 1.7 0.1 0.125 0.26 0 12 1.2 0.1 0.125 0.18 0 V1 6 0.6 0.1 0.125 0.05 0 6 1.1 0.1 0.125 0.08 0

Cum Total 0.98 0.98 61666.5 60279

24

KSRB 9.5-1 Providing and fixing in position fully panelled Mathi/ Nandi wood shutters for doors, with styles and rails of 40 mm. thick with bottom and lock rails 180mm wide top rail and styles 100mm wide as per drawing and panels of 25mm thick including cost of materials, labours, HOM of machineries complete as per specifications. Specification No. KBS 9.34 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 9.16 pg.no.51




132




D1 Sq.m 2 1.2 2.1 5.04 0 D2 Sq.m 3 0.9 2.1 5.67 0 10.71 10.71 3159.4 33838

25

KSRB 9-20.4 Providing and fixing in position windows half panelled shutters at bottom and half glazed at top for window shutters with Honne wood and rails of 30 mm. thick, 75mm wide in two halves with panels filled with NUWUD (MDF) of 18mm thick, 3mm thick reeded glass for top panels fixed with wooden beading including cost of materials, labour charges, HOM of machineries complete as per specifications.(excluding cost of fixtures) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 9.63 pg.no.55

W1 6 1.5 1.2 10.8 V1 3 0.9 0.6 1.62 Sq.m Total 12.42 12.42 2905.3 36084

26

KSRB 15-17.1 Applying priming coat over new wood surface and / or wood based surface with white lead paint priming including preparing the surface after thoroughly cleaning oil, grease, dirt and foreign matter, sand papering and knotting ready mix paint including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications

Refer section 24, 25 23.13 23.13 34.65 801

27

KSRB 11-1: Providing and fixing white vitreous china clay, water closet Indian type (Squatting pan) of size 580mm with footrests, 100mm S or P trap, 10 litre low level, P.V.C. flushing cistern (all are approved make) with fittings,




133




C.I/M.S. brackets, 32mm diameter flush pipe fittings and clamps, overflow arrangements with specials and 25mm mosquito proof coupling of approved design, painting of fittings and brackets, cutting and making good the wall and floor wherever required, including cost of materials, labour complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 12.1 pg.no.77

pan 2 2 2.00 3629.8 7260

28

KSRB 11-11.5 Providing and fixing white vitreous china clay, flat back wash basin size 450x300mm with a single 15mm C.P. brass pillar tap with C.I/M.S. brackets, 32mm C.P. brass waste of standards pattern, painting of fittings and brackets, cutting and making good the wall and floor wherever required, including cost of materials, labour complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 12.27 pg.no.81

Unit 2 2.00 2755.2 5510

29

KSRB 13-5 Providing and fixing water meter with stop cock, jam nut, socket in GI pipe line including cutting and threading the pipe and making long screws including cost of all materials, labour, HOM of equipments and testing complete as per specifications. Specification NO. KBS 13.2.19/ 13.3 Ref: DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl No. 13.23 pg no. 91

Set 1 1 1.00 1381.8 1382 30 KSRB 13.6.1-1 Providing and fixing in position brass bib cock




134




quality roved quality 15 mm nominal bore including cost of all materials, labour and HOM of equipments with all leads complete as per specifications Ref: DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl No. 13.23 pg no. 91

each 5 5 5.00 242.55 1213

31

KSRB 11-13.1 Providing and fixing laboratory sink of white glazed fire clay of size600X450X200mm with M.S/ C.I brackets, C. P brass chain with rubber plug, 32 mm C.P brass waste, tap with union, brass stop cock complete, painting of fittings and brackets, cutting and making good the wall and floor wherever required, including cost of materials, labour complete as per specification Ref: SER 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl No. 12.34 pg no. 82

Unit 1 1 1.00 3558.4 3558

32

KSRB 13-11.1 Providing and placing on terrace, polyethylene water storage tanks as per IS 12701:1996 with manhole lid and suitable locking arrangements, making holes of suitable diameter for inlet, outlet and over flow pipes, including cost of all materials, labour, transport charges, HOM of equipments and testing complete as per specifications (For 1000 lit capacity) Specification No. KBS 13.22 Ref: DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 13.78 pg.no.94

Nos. 1 1 1.00 8890.3 8890

Total Amount Rs. 26,33,126




135

Name of the work : Civil Work for Compost Packaging Platform @ Saundatti Sr No

Description of Item Unit No.

Length (m)

Width (m)

Height (m) Qty. Tota

l Qty Final Rate Amount

1

Earth work excavation by mechanical means in hard/ordinary soil involving an average horizontal throw up to 2 meters and average lift up to 0.5mtrs. Excavated surface levelled and sides neatly dressed etc. the disposed earth to be levelled neatly after the breaking of clods completed as per specification MORTH clause 301 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No.19.2.1 pg.no.142

Cum 1 19 13 0.15 37.1 37 32 1167

2

KSRRB M300-59.1. Loosening of the ground up to a level of 400mm below the sub grade level, watered, graded and compacted in layers ( which includes watering charges and compaction by vibratory roller)Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl No. 19.65, pg.no. 149

Cum 1 19 13 0.15 37.1 37 55 2023

3


Cum 1 19 13 0.125 30.9 31 1636 50508




136



Length (m)

Width (m)



4

KSRRB M600-1 Construction of dry lean cement concrete mix CC1:5:10 with OPC cement @ 160 Kg, with 25 mm down size graded granite metal coarse aggregate at 0.86 cum and fine aggregates @0.58 Cum Sub-base over a prepared sub-grade with (coarse and fine aggregate conforming to IS : 383) aggregate cement ratio not to exceed 15:1Aggregate gradation after blending to be as per Table 600-1 cement content mot to be less than 160Kg/Cum, optimum moisture content to be determined during trial length construction, concrete strength not to be less than 10 Mpa at 7 days, mixed in a batching plant, transported to site, laid with a paver with electronic sensor, compacting with 8-10 tones vibratory roller, finishing and curing complete as per specifications Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka KSRB 22.1, pg.no. 176

Cum 1 19 13 0.15 37.1 37 4129 152965




137



Length (m)

Width (m)



5

Construction of un-reinforced plain cement concrete pavement (PQC)thickness as per design, over a prepared sub base with OPC cement at 360Kg per cum coarse aggregate @ 0.69cum and fine aggregate @ 0.46cum, with super plastisers @3lts conforming to IS9103-1999 Reaffirmed-2008, mixed in a concrete mixer of not less than 0.6cum capacity and appropriate weigh batcher as per approved mix design, laid in approved fixed side form work (steel channel, laying and fixing of 125 micron thick polythene film, wedges, steel plates including levelling the form work as per drawing) and spreading the concrete with shovels, rackers compacted using needle, screed and plate vibrator and finished in a continuous operation inclusing provision of contraction, expansion, construction and longitudinal joints, including groove cutting charges, joint filler, separation membrane, selent primer, joint sealent, admixtures as approved, curing compound, finishing to lines and grades as per drawing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. 22.6 pg.no.177

Cum 1 32.3 36.1 0.2 233.2 233 6128 1429040




138



Length (m)

Width (m)



6


Tonne 508.00 1561.04 2069.

04 2.2 2 63453 137850

7

KSRRB M300-54 Construction of Earthen shoulders with approved materials obtained from excavation from departmental land or other sources with all lifts & leads, spreading, grading to required slope and compaction complete as per specifications(Which includes watering charges & compaction by vibratory roller) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. 19.61 pg.no. 148

2 19 0.5 0.45 8.6 0 2 13 0.5 0.45 5.9 0 Cum 14.4 14 445 6411 Total Amount Rs. 17,79,964

Name of the work : Civil Work for VDP Platform @ Saundatti




139

Sr No Description of Item Unit No. Lengt

h (m) Width

(m) Height

(m) Qty. Total

Qty

Final Rate Amount

1

Earth work excavation by mechanical means in hard/ordinary soil involving an average horizontal throw up to 2 mtrs and average lift up to 0.5mtrs. Excavated surface levelled and sides neatly dressed etc. the disposed earth to be levelled neatly after the breaking of clods completed as per specification MORTH clause 301 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No.19.2.1 pg.no.142

Cum 1 17 13 0.15 33.2 33 32 1044

2

KSRRB M300-59.1. Loosening of the ground up to a level of 400mm below the sub grade level, watered, graded and compacted in layers ( which includes watering charges and compaction by vibratory roller)Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl No. 19.65, pg.no. 149

Cum 1 17 13 0.15 33.2 33 55 1810

3


Cum 1 17 13 0.125 27.6 28 1636 45192




140

4

KSRRB M600-1 Construction of dry lean cement concrete mix CC1:5:10 with OPC cement @ 160 Kg, with 25 mm down size graded granite metal coarse aggregate at 0.86 cum and fine aggregates @0.58 Cum Sub-base over a prepared sub-grade with (coarse and fine aggregate conforming to IS : 383) aggregate cement ratio not to exceed 15:1Aggregate gradation after blending to be as per Table 600-1 cement content mot to be less than 160Kg/Cum, optimum moisture content to be determined during trial length construction, concrete strength not to be less than 10 Mpa at 7 days, mixed in a batching plant, transported to site, laid with a paver with electronic sensor, compacting with 8-10 tones vibratory roller, finishing and curing complete as per specifications Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka KSRB 22.1, pg.no. 176

Cum 1 17 13 0.15 33.2 33 4129 136863




141

5

Construction of un-reinforced plain cement concrete pavement (PQC)thickness as per design, over a prepared sub base with OPC cement at 360Kg per cum coarse aggregate @ 0.69cum and fine aggregate @ 0.46cum, with super plastisers @3lts conforming to IS9103-1999 Reaffirmed-2008, mixed in a concrete mixer of not less than 0.6cum capacity and appropriate weigh batcher as per approved mix design, laid in approved fixed side form work (steel channel, laying and fixing of 125 micron thick polythene film, wedges, steel plates including levelling the form work as per drawing) and spreading the concrete with shovels, rackers compacted using needle, screed and plate vibrator and finished in a continuous operation inclusing provision of contraction, expansion, construction and longitudinal joints, including groove cutting charges, joint filler, separation membrane, selent primer, joint sealants, admixtures as approved, curing compound, finishing to lines and grades as per drawing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. 22.6 pg.no.177

Cum 1 32.3 36.1 0.2 233.2 233 6128 1429040

6


Tonne 454.52333

1396.72

1851.2433 1.9 2 63453 123339




142

7

KSRRB M300-54 Construction of Earthen shoulders with approved materials obtained from excavation from departmental land or other sources with all lifts & leads, spreading, grading to required slope and compaction complete as per specifications(Which includes watering charges & compaction by vibratory roller) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. 19.61 pg.no. 148

2 17 0.5 0.45 7.7 0 2 13 0.5 0.45 5.9 0 Cum 13.5 14 445 6010


Name of the work : Civil Work for Machine/ Monsoon Platform @ Saundatti

Sr No

Description of Item Unit No. Length (m)

Width (m)

Height (m)

Qty. Total

Qty

Final Rate

Amount




143


Sr No


Width (m)

Height (m)

Qty. Total

Qty

Final Rate

Amount

1 Earth work excavation by mechanical means in hard/ordinary soil involving an average horizontal throw up to 2 meters and average lift up to 0.5mtrs. Excavated surface levelled and sides neatly dressed etc. the disposed earth to be levelled neatly after the breaking of clods completed as per specification MORTH clause 301 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No.19.2.1 pg.no.142

Cum 1 40 30 0.15 180.0 180 32 5670 2 KSRRB M300-59.1. Loosening of the ground up to a level of

400mm below the sub grade level, watered, graded and compacted in layers ( which includes watering charges and compaction by vibratory roller)Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl No. 19.65, pg.no. 149

Cum 1 40 30 0.15 180.0 180 55 9828 3 KSRRB M400-6.2 Construction of granular sub- base by

providing close graded material , spreading in uniform layers with motor grader on prepared surface , mixing by mix in place method by rotavator at OMC and compacting with vibratory power roller to achieve the desired density , complete as per specification.(Grade 2) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka KSRB 20.5.2, pg.no. 155

Cum 1 40 30 0.125 150.0 150 1636 245385




144


Sr No


Width (m)

Height (m)

Qty. Total

Qty

Final Rate

Amount

4 KSRRB M600-1 Construction of dry lean cement concrete mix CC1:5:10 with OPC cement @ 160 Kg, with 25 mm down size graded granite metal coarse aggregate at 0.86 cum and fine aggregates @0.58 Cum Sub-base over a prepared sub-grade with (coarse and fine aggregate conforming to IS : 383) aggregate cement ratio not to exceed 15:1Aggregate gradation after blending to be as per Table 600-1 cement content mot to be less than 160Kg/Cum, optimum moisture content to be determined during trial length construction, concrete strength not to be less than 10 Mpa at 7 days, mixed in a batching plant, transported to site, laid with a paver with electronic sensor, compacting with 8-10 tones vibratory roller, finishing and curing complete as per specifications Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka KSRB 22.1, pg.no. 176

Cum 1 40 30 0.15 180.0 180 4129 743148




145


Sr No


Width (m)

Height (m)

Qty. Total

Qty

Final Rate

Amount

5 Construction of un-reinforced plain cement concrete pavement (PQC)thickness as per design, over a prepared sub base with OPC cement at 360Kg per cum coarse aggregate @ 0.69cum and fine aggregate @ 0.46cum, with super plastisers @3lts conforming to IS9103-1999 Reaffirmed-2008, mixed in a concrete mixer of not less than 0.6cum capacity and appropriate weigh batcher as per approved mix design, laid in approved fixed side form work (steel channel, laying and fixing of 125 micron thick polythene film, wedges, steel plates including levelling the form work as per drawing) and spreading the concrete with shovels, rackers compacted using needle, screed and plate vibrator and finished in a continuous operation inclusing provision of contraction, expansion, construction and longitudinal joints, including groove cutting charges, joint filler, separation membrane, selent primer, joint sealant, admixtures as approved, curing compound, finishing to lines and grades as per drawing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. 22.6 pg.no.177

Cum 1 32.3 36.1 0.2 233.2 233 6128 1429040




146


Sr No


Width (m)

Height (m)

Qty. Total

Qty

Final Rate

Amount

6 KSRB 4.9.2: Providing TMT Fe-500 steel reinforcement for R.C.C. work including straightening, cutting, bending, hooking, placing in position, lapping and/ or welding wherever required, tying with binding wire and anchoring to the adjoining members wherever necessary complete as per design (laps, hooks and wastage shall not be measured and paid) cost of materials, labour, HOM of machinery complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 4.46.2 pg.no.17

Tonne 2468.00 7584.00 10052.00 10.6

11 63453 669716

7 KSRRB M300-54 Construction of Earthen shoulders with approved materials obtained from excavation from departmental land or other sources with all lifts & leads, spreading, grading to required slope and compaction complete as per specifications(Which includes watering charges & compaction by vibratory roller) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. 19.61 pg.no. 148

2 40 0.5 0.45 18.0 0 2 30 0.5 0.45 13.5 0 Cum 31.5 32 445 14024 Total Amount Rs.

31,16,811 Name of the work : Civil Work for Monsoon, Machine Shed @ Saundatti

Dimensions 40X30 M




147

Sr No

Description of Item Unit No Length

Width Height Qty. Total Qty

Final Rate

Amount

1


Foundation F1 24 1.95 1.75 1.65 135.1 Cum 135.1 135.1 56 7520

2

KSRB 4-2.1 Providing and Laying in position plain cement concrete of mix 1:3:6 for Foundation and bedding with OPC cement @ 220 Kgs, with 40 mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.892cum and fine aggregates @0.465 cum machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms. Thick, well compacted, in foundation, including cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 4.2 pg.no.12

Foundation F1 24 1.95 1.75 0.15 12.3 Cum 12.3 12.3 5637 69256




148


Sr No


Width (m)

Height (m)

Qty. Total

Qty

Final Rate

Amount

3

KSRB 4.2.2 Providing and Laying in position Reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 320 kgs, with 20mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @0.69 cum and fine aggregates @ 0.460 cum, with super plasticisers @ 3 litres conforming to is 9103-1999 reafirmed-2008, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms thick, vibrated for all works in foundation for footings, columns and plinths etc., including the cost of all material, labour, HOM of machinery, compacting, curing complete but excluding the cost of reinforcement as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka KSRB 4.2.2, Sl.No.4.11, pg.no. 13

Foundation F1 24 1.8 1.6 0.45 31.1 0 Columns up to Plinth Level 24 0.3 0.45 1.525 4.9 0

Cum Total 36.0 36.0 6540 235751

4


Plinth Beam 3 34.49 0.23 0.38 9.0 0 Columns above plinth level 24 0.3 0.45 4.525 14.7 0

Cum Total 23.7 23.7 6473 153444




149


Sr No


Width (m)

Height (m)

Qty. Total

Qty

Final Rate

Amount

5


Foundation F1 24 1.95 1.75 1.5 122.9 Filling below Plinth Beam 3 37.6 0.23 0.07 1.82 124.7 Deduction Foundation F1 24 1.8 1.6 0.45 31.1 0 Columns up to Plinth Level 24 0.3 0.45 1.525 4.9 36.0 Total 88.6 88.6 133 11818

6

KSRB 4-6.1: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for foundations, footings, bases of Columns for mass concrete including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka, Sl.No.4.28, pg.no. 15

Footing F1 24 6.8 0.45 73.4 0 Columns below plinth 24 1.5 1.525 54.9 0

128.3 128.3 237.3 30455




150


Sr No


Width (m)

Height (m)

Qty. Total

Qty

Final Rate

Amount

7


Columns above plinth level 24 1.5 4.525 162.9 0

419.6 419.6 384 161245

8

KSRB 4-6.7: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for sides and soffits of beams, beams hunching, cantilever, girders, bressumers and lintels etc not exceeding 1 M in depth including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. 4.6.2 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.4.34, pg.no. 16

Plinth Beam 3 69.44 0.38 79.2 79.2 269 21279

5





151


Sr No


Width (m)

Height (m)

Qty. Total

Qty

Final Rate

Amount

Tonne 5.08 5.08 6345

3 322022

6

Fabrication supplying and erecting M.S. Angular trusses of all spans as per approved drawing and design. The entire trusses is anchored in RCC column by using 4 nose of M.S. anchor bolts at each support with 10mm thick base plate and shoe plate. The work includes cutting, straightening, placing in position of M.S. angles and welding wherever necessary and applying one coat of red oxide primer coat to all the members including cost of all materials, labour charges, and hire charges of machineries for cutting, welding, grinding and erection equipments, with all lead and lift, transportation, etc., complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 7.30, pg.no. 41

Kg 26802 26802 128 3433336

7

KSRB 8.3-2 Providing and laying to required line and slope roofing with semi-corrugated (Trafford) asbestos cement sheet 6mm.thick fixed with galvanized iron J or L hooks, bolts and nuts 8mm dia. C.I. plain and bitumen washers, over the existing purling, rafters and trusses including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.8.6, pg.no. 46

Sq.m 4 40 5.85 936.0 936.0 414 387223




152


Sr No


Width (m)

Height (m)

Qty. Total

Qty

Final Rate

Amount

8

KSRB 8.3-4 Providing and fixing Ridges and hips with asbestos cement sheet roofing with G.I. J or L hooks, bolts and nuts 8 mm. dia. G.I. plain and bitumen washers, serrated or plain wings, adjustable ridges, including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.8.8, pg.no. 46

M 2 36.1 72.2 72.2 340.2 24562

9

Providing and laying to required line walls with GI sheet fixed with hook, bolts and nuts 8mm. Dia. GI plain and bitumen washers, at the existing angle section including cost of materials, labour, complete as per sections. Ref. As per Market rate

2 37 3 222.0 1 30 3 90.0 1 27 3 81.0

Sq.m 393.0 393 515 202199

10

KSRB 15-18.1 Applying red lead ready mix priming coat over new steel or other metal surface including preparing the surface after thoroughly cleaning oil, grease, dirt and other foreign matter, and sourced with wire brushes, fine steel wool, sand papers including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.73 pg.no.121




153


Sr No


Width (m)

Height (m)

Qty. Total

Qty

Final Rate

Amount

Sq.m 786.0 786 29 22833

11

KSRB 15-18.2 Providing and applying enamel metal paint two coats (excluding priming coat) over new steel or other metal surface brushing to give an even shed after cleaning oil, grease, dirt and other foreign matter including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.74 pg.no.121

Sq.m 786.0 786 82 64373


Name of the work : Civil Work for Monsoon, Machine Shed @ Saundatti Dimensions 19X13 M

Sr No

Description of Item Unit No Length

Width Height

Qty. Total Qty

Final Rate

Amount

1





154

Foundation F1 10 1.95 1.75 1.65 56.3 Cum 56.3 56.3 56 3133

2


Foundation F1 10 1.95 1.75 0.15 5.1 Cum 5.1 5.1 5637 28857

3

KSRB 4.2.2 Providing and Laying in position Reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 320 kgs, with 20mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @0.69 cum and fine aggregates @ 0.460 cum, with super plasticisers @ 3 litres conforming to is 9103-1999 reafirmed-2008, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms thick, vibrated for all works in foundation for footings, columns and plinths etc., including the cost of all material, labour, HOM of machinery, compacting, curing complete but excluding the cost of reinforcement as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka KSRB 4.2.2, Sl.No.4.11, pg.no. 13

Foundation F1 10 1.8 1.6 0.45 13.0 0

Columns up to Plinth Level 10 0.3 0.45 1.525 2.1 0

Cum Total 15.0 15.0 6540 98229




155

4


Plinth Beam 2 17.5 0.23 0.38 3.1 0

Columns above plinth level 10 0.3 0.45 4.525 6.1 0

Cum Total 9.2 9.2 6473 59345

5


Foundation F1 10 1.95 1.75 1.5 51.19 Filling below Plinth Beam 2 17.5 0.23 0.07 0.56 51.8 Deduction Foundation F1 10 1.8 1.6 0.45 13.0 0

Columns up to Plinth Level 10 0.3 0.45 1.525 2.1

15.0 Total 36.7 36.7 133 4898

6

KSRB 4-6.1: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for foundations, footings, bases of Columns for mass concrete including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications.




156

Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka,Sl.No.4.28, pg.no. 15

Footing F1 10 6.8 0.45 30.6 0

Columns below plinth 10 1.5 1.525 22.9 0

53.5 53.5 237.3 12690

7


Columns above plinth level 10 1.5 4.525 67.9 0

174.8 174.8 384 67185

8

KSRB 4-6.7: Providing and removing centering, shuttering, strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for sides and soffits of beams, beams hunching, cantilever, girders, bressumers and lintels etc not exceeding 1 M in depth including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. 4.6.2 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.4.34, pg.no. 16

Plinth Beam 2 35.46 0.38 26.9 26.9 269 7244




157

5


Tonne 5.08 5.08 63453 322022

6

Fabrication supplying and erecting M.S. Angular trusses of all spans as per approved drawing and design. The entire trusses is anchored in RCC column by using 4 nose of M.S. anchor bolts at each support with 10mm thick base plate and shoe plate. The work includes cutting, straightening, placing in position of M.S. angles and welding wherever necessary and applying one coat of red oxide primer coat to all the members including cost of all materials, labour charges, and hire charges of machineries for cutting, welding, grinding and erection equipments, with all lead and lift, transportation, etc., complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 7.30, pg.no. 41

Kg 26802 26802 128 3433336

7

KSRB 8.3-2 Providing and laying to required line and slope roofing with semi-corrugated (Trafford) asbestos cement sheet 6mm.thick fixed with galvanized iron J or L hooks, bolts and nuts 8mm dia. C.I. plain and bitumen washers, over the existing purlins, rafters and trusses including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.8.6, pg.no. 46




158

Sq.m 4 19 5.85 444.6 444.6 414 183931

8

KSRB 8.3-4 Providing and fixing Ridges and hips with asbestos cement sheet roofing with G.I. J or L hooks, bolts and nuts 8 mm. dia. G.I. plain and bitumen washers, serrated or plain wings, adjustable ridges, including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.8.8, pg.no. 46

M 2 19 38.0 38.0 340.2 12928

9


2 16 3 96.0 1 13 3 39.0 1 10 3 30.0 Sq.m 165.0 165 515 84893

10

KSRB 15-18.1 Applying red lead ready mix priming coat over new steel or other metal surface including preparing the surface after thoroughly cleaning oil, grease, dirt and other foreign matter, and sourced with wire brushes, fine steel wool, sand papers including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.73 pg.no.121

Sq.m 330.0 330 29 9587




159

11

KSRB 15-18.2 Providing and applying enamel metal paint two coats (excluding priming coat) over new steel or other metal surface brushing to give an even shed after cleaning oil, grease, dirt and other foreign matter including cost of materials, labour, complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.74 pg.no.121

Sq.m 330.0 330 82 27027


Name of the work : Civil Work for Storm Water Gutter @ Saundatti

Length of Storm Water Gutter 1721 M

Sr No

Description of Item Unit No. Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty

Final Rate

Amount

1

Earth work excavation by mechanical means in hard/ordinary soil involving an average horizontal throw up to 2 meters and average lift up to 0.5mtrs. Excavated surface levelled and sides neatly dressed etc. the disposed earth to be levelled neatly after the breaking of clods completed as per specification MORTH clause 301 Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No.19.2.1 pg.no.142

Cum 1 1721 0.75 0.65 838.99 839 32 26428




160



Sr No


Final Rate

Amount

2


cum 1 1721 0.75 0.1 129.08 129 5637 727654

3

KSRB 4.2.2 Providing and Laying in position Reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 320 kgs, with 20mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @0.69 cum and fine aggregates @ 0.460 cum, with super plasticisers @ 3 litres conforming to is 9103-1999 reafirmed-2008, machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms thick, vibrated for all works in foundation for footings, columns and plinths etc., including the cost of all material, labour, HOM of machinery, compacting, curing complete but excluding the cost of reinforcement as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka KSRB 4.2.2,Sl.No.4.11, pg.no. 13

cum 1 1721 0.65 0.1 111.87 112




161



Sr No


Final Rate

Amount

2 1721 0.1 0.45 77.445 77

189 6540 1238173

4


2300.69 1087.67

3388.36 3.56 3.56 63452

.55 225750


Name of the work : Civil Work for Leachate Collection Tank @ Saundatti

Sr No

.

Description of Item Unit Total

Qty.

No.

Length

Width

Height Qty. Final Rate

Amount




162


Sr No

.


Qty.

No.

Length

Width


Amount

1 Earth work excavation in hard soil for foundation of structures by mechanical means as per drawing and technical specification, including setting out, construction of shoring and bracing, removal of stumps and other deleterious matter, dressing of sides and bottom, backfilling the excavation earth to the extent required and utilising the remaining earth locally up to 1 km lead.(Depth up to 3 Mts) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 2.23.1 pg.no. 7

Cum 68 1 7.2 4.2 2.25 68.04 56 3786 2 KSRB 4-2.1 Providing and Laying in position plain cement

concrete of mix 1:3:6 for Foundation and bedding with OPC cement @ 220 Kgs, with 40 mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.892cum and fine aggregates @0.465 cum machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms. thick, well compacted, in foundation, including cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 4.2 pg.no.12

Cum 3 1 7.2 4.2 0.1 3.024 5637 17048




163


Sr No

.


Qty.

No.

Length

Width


Amount

3 KSRB 4.2.8 Providing and Laying in position reinforced cement concrete of design mix M20 with OPC cement @ 320kgs, with 20mm and down size graded granite metal coarse aggregates @ 0.69cum and fine aggregates @ 0.46cum,with super plasticiser @ 3lts conforming to IS9103-1999 Reaffirmed-2008,machine mixed, concrete laid in layers not exceeding 15 cms thick, vibrated for Footing, Retaining walls, return walls, walls(Any thickness), including attached pilasters, bed blocks, etc., including the cost of all materials, labour, machinery, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka, Sl.No.4.13, pg.no. 14

Footing 1 7.2 4.2 0.35 10.584 0 Tank Walls 1 2 6.2 0.2 1.8 4.464 0 Tank Walls 2 2 3.2 0.2 1.8 2.304 0 Cover Slab 1 6.4 3.4 0.125 2.72 0 Hauch 1 2 6 0.007 0.084 0 Hauch 2 2 3 0.007 0.042 0 Cum 20 20.198 6378 128823 4 KSRB 4-6.5: Providing and removing centering, shuttering,

strutting, propping etc., and removal of form work for columns, pillers, post and struts, square/ rectangular/ polugon in plan including cost of all materials, labour complete as per specifications. Specification No. 4.6.2Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl.No.4.35, pg.no. 16




164


Sr No

.


Qty.

No.

Length

Width


Amount

Footing 1 22.8 0.35 7.98 0 Tank Walls 1 2 12.8 1.8 46.08 0 Tank Walls 2 2 6.8 1.8 24.48 0 Cover Slab 1 19.6 0.125 2.45 0 Cover Slab sides 2 12.01

4 24.028 0

Hauch 2 6.014 12.028 0 Sq.m. 117 117.046 384 44981 5 KSRB 4.9.2: Providing TMT Fe-500 steel reinforcement for

R.C.C. work including straightening, cutting, bending, hooking, placing in position, lapping and/ or welding wherever required, tying with binding wire and anchoring to the adjoining members wherever necessary complete as per design (laps, hooks and wastage shall not be measured and paid) cost of materials, labour, HOM of machinery complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 4.46.2 pg.no.17

Tonne 2 2.335 63453 148162 6 Providing Internal Cement Plaster 12mm thick in a single

coat in cement mortar 1:4 to brick masonry including rounding off corners wherever required smooth rendering,: providing and removing scaffolding, including cost of materials, labour, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 15.10 pg.no.113

Tank Walls 1 2 6.2 1.8 22.32




165


Sr No

.


Qty.

No.

Length

Width


Amount

Tank Walls 2 2 3.2 1.8 11.52 Sq.m. 34 33.84 162 5482


Summary of Cost Estimates Sr No Component Cost in Rupees Cost in Lakhs 1 Civil Work for Common Facilities @Saundatti 26,33,126 26.33 2 Civil Work for Compost Packaging Platform @ Saundatti 1779964 17.80 3 Civil Work for Vermi- Degradation Platform @ Saundatti 1743298 17.43 4 Civil Work for Machine, Monsoon Shed Platform @ Saundatti 3116811 31.17 5 Civil Work for Machine, Monsoon Shed @ Saundatti 5147315 51.47 6 Civil Work for Compost Packaging Shed @ Saundatti 4355304 43.55 7 Civil Work Storm Water Gutter @Saundatti 2218005 22.18 8 Civil Work for Leachate Collection Tank @ Saundatti 348281 3.48 9 Weigh Bridge 561000 5.61 Total 2,19,03,105 219.03

Name of the work : Civil Work for Dry Waste Collection Centre at Saundatti

Area of DWCC 40 Sq.m




166

Sr No

Description of Item Unit No Length Width Height Qty. Total Qty

Final Rate

Amount

1


Foundation 6 0.5 0.5 1 1.5 Cum 1.5 2 56 83

3


Cum 6 0.5 0.5 1 1.5 1.5 5637 8456




167

2


Filling in plinth 1 5 8 0.3 12 0 Cum 12 12.0 133.35 1600

4

Providing and laying flooring with M15 cement concrete 40 mm thick using broken granite 20 mm and down size laid to line and level in one layer and finish with a floating coat of neat cement, including cost of materials, labour, curing complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 14.8 pg.no.101

Sq.m 1 5 8 0 40.0 40.0 333 13320




168

5

Fabrication supplying and erecting M.S. Tubular trusses of all spans as per approved drawing and design with prefabricated steel applications using quality material and are durable, reliable and corrosion and abrasion resistant. Welding shall conform to leatest structural welding code. Quality shall be on various parameters like shape, size, design gauge and polish. The entire trusses is anchored in RCC column by using 4 nose of M.S. anchor bolts at each support with 10mm thick base plate and shoe plate. The work includes cutting, straightening, placing in position of M.S.pipes and welding wherever necessary and applying one coat of red oxide primer coat to all the members including cost of all materials, labour charges, and hire charges of machineries for cutting, welding, grinding and erection equipments, with all lead and lift, transportation, etc., complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 7.29, pg.no. 41

Kg 1610 1610 110 177100

6


Top 1 5 8 40.0 0 Short Side 2 5 3 30.0 Long Side 2 8 3 48.0 Sq.m 121.9 122 490 59731




169

7

Providing chain link fencing 50 mm size of 8 gauge properly stretched between existing rectangular poles and fixed with suitable bolts & nuts, the free ends shall be welded to the pole and block pipe at top and bottom as required including cost of all materials, labour, lead and lifts and as per the directions of the Engineer-in charge of the work and including providing 2 coats of approved quality paint over one coat of shop painting. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 37.3pg.no. 262

W1 1 8 1.5 12.0 W2 1 8 1 8.0 W3 2 6.25 12.5 Sq.m 32.5 33 657 21353


Length of Fencing for DWCC 41 M Sr No


Width (m)

Height (m) Qty. Total





170

3

Supplying and fixing M.S. Rectangular poles made out of 2 equal angles of 65x65x6 mm welded together and fixed in CC (1:2:4) with 2 nos 16 mm dia. M.S. hold fast rods each of leangth 25 cms. Including cost of all materials, cutting, bending scaffolding wherever necessary, nicely finishing the welded joints with all lead lifts and as per the directions of the Engineer-in charge of the work and including providing 2 coats of approved quality paint over one coat of shop painting. ( excluding cost of earthwork and concrete ) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 37.2 pg.no. 262

RM 26 3.5 91.0 91 920 83720

4

Providing chain link fencing 50 mm size of 8 gauge properly stretched between existing rectangular poles and fixed with suitable bolts & nuts, the free ends shall be welded to the pole and block pipe at top and bottom as required including cost of all materials, labour, lead and lifts and as per the directions of the Engineer-in charge of the work and including providing 2 coats of approved quality paint over one coat of shop painting. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka Sl. No. 37.3pg.no. 262

Sq.m 26 2 52.0 52 657 34164

5

Providing barbed GI wire fencing of 12x12 gauge drawn into stone pillars or iron pillars including in holes wherever necessary excluding the cost of pillars but including the cost of barbed wire and binding wire etc., complete. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka, Sl.No.37.5, pg.no. 262

M 3 26 78.0 78 28 2153




171

6

KSRRB M300-8.1. Planting and maintaining of flowering plants and shrubs in central verge MORTH Specification No. 307 (Duranta) Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka, Sl.No.19.86, pg.no. 151

M 26 22 579

7

Providing and fixing M.S. Gate as per Chief Architect Drawing, using 50mmx50mm 14 gauge M.S. hollow pipe frame work bent to ornamental shape as shown in the drawing and 35mm x 6mm and 16mm x 16mm square rods for verticals alternatively spaced at 4cms c/c in two halves and 40mm x 6mm M.S. flats for horizontal member and at the top cast iron spikes are provided at alternate vertical members as the shown in the drawing etc., complete. All the steel surface should be thoroughly clean free of dust and painted with anti corrosive paint (shop paint) etc., complete. The work includes cost of all materials, labour charges for all items of work, hire charges for welding, cutting and grinding equipment, and electricity charges with lead and lift, loading and unloading charges, etc., complete as per specifications. Ref. DSR 2016-17 North Karnataka, Sl.No.7.37, pg.no. 43

Sq.m 1 3 1.6 4.8 5 2947 14146


Bio-digester Toilet as per SBM Guidelines including fitting, Transport 1 30000 30,000

4,46,40

5




172

9.4 Requirement of Operation and Maintenance cost

The table below gives details of required Operation and Maintenance cost for collection and

transportation of proposed Solid Waste Management System.

TABLE 9-3: REQUIREMENT OF MANPOWER

Man power requirement Required Collection & Transportation, Street Sweeping and Drain Cleaning

Drivers for Door to door collection - Auto Tipper 8 PKs for door to door collection Auto Tipper 8 PKs for door to door collection Push Cart ( Congested Areas) 3 Drivers for street sweeping and C&D collection (Tractor Trailer) 2 PKs for street sweeping and C&D collection(Tractor Trailer) 6 PKs for street sweeping (Sweeper) 30 Drivers for Tractor Trailer for Bulk Waste Collection 1 PKs for Tractor Trailer for Bulk Waste Collection 3 Driver for Jetting and Suction Machine 1 PK for Jetting and Suction Machine 1

DWCC Supervisory Staff 0 PK at DWCC 2

Processing Site Driver for Tractor Trailer and backhoe loader at Landfill site 1 PK for Tractor Trailer at Landfill site 1 Processing Plant Manager at Landfill Site 1 PK at Landfill Site 2 Security Guard 1

TABLE 9-4 O&M COST REQUIREMENT FOR MANPOWER

Total required

Permanent Contrctrual/ outsource

Salary / month/ person

Monthly expenses

Yearly expenses

Driver 13 1 11 12150.6 167070.75 2004849

Driver JCB 1 12700.6 15875.75 190509

Pk's 56 22 34 14025.6 596088 7153056

Supervisor DWCC 0 0 0 14526.6 0 0

Processing Plant Manager at Landfill Site

1 0 1 15765.6 19707 236484

Weighbridge Operator

0 0 0 12150.6 0 0

Security Guard 1 0 1 11204.6 14005.75 168069

Total 71 Total 9752967

Existing total salary 6757836 Total Salary 16510803

Total salary in lacs 165.11




173

TABLE 9-5 O&M EXPENDITURE

Fuel (Rs. 55/Lit.) No of Vehicles

No of Vehicles + Routes

Fuel required (L/Day)

Auto tipper 8 8 4 57,600 6,91,200 Tractor Trailer for Street Sweeping 2 2 8 28,800 3,45,600 Loaders vehicle at land fill site 2 2 14 50,400 6,04,800 Jetting and Suction Machine 1 1 8 14,400 1,72,800 Tractor Trailer for Bulk Waste Collection 1 1 6 10,800 1,29,600 Bio-culture @ Rs. 60/- per Kg , plus transportation cost.

800 gms per tonne

At rate of Rs. 60/- per Kg 15,117 1,81,406

Power consumption

No. of Units

Rate per Unit (Rs.)

Power consumption of 125 kW/day

80

12,000 1,44,000

AMC Charges AMC for Vehicles at 10% of capital cost for Collection and Transport 6,66,220 AMC for Equipment and Machinery at 10% of capital cost for Mechanical Component at Processing Facility 3,54,065

Water Charges Water Supply

12 10 3,600 43,200

No of staff Rs. per year

Baggage and packing cost Lumpsum 5,000 60,000 Transportation Lumpsum 3,000 36,000 Additives Lumpsum 3,000 36,000 Misc Lumpsum 3,000 36,000 Total Salaries Rs. 1,65,10,803 TOTAL PROPOSED O&M EXPENDITURE Rs. 2,00,11,694

9.5 Revenue from sale of compost & User Charges

The requirement of charges to be collected from residential households and commercial

entities and revenue from sale of compost to run Solid Waste Management Facility is

explained in the table below.

TABLE 9-6: PROPOSED REVENUE GENERATION

Waste Generators No of Generators 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Population 44878 45496 46116 46739 47364 47991 Total HH / Properties 9183 17913 18092 18273 18456 18641 Non Slum HH total 8553 8639 8725 8812 8900 8989 Non Slum HH big 2566 2592 2617 2644 2670 2697 Non Slum HH small 5987 6047 6107 6169 6230 6293 Slum HH 630 636 643 649 656 662 Veg. Markets + Marriage Halls 1 2 2 2 2 2




174

Waste Generators No of Generators Big Hotels 11 21 22 22 22 22 Small Hotels 24 24 24 24 24 24 Meat/Chicken shops/Slaughterhouse

12 23 24 24 24 24

Bulk Generators (a+b+c) 48 70 72 72 72 72 Petty Shops 700 1365 1379 1393 1407 1421 Institutions 15 29 30 30 30 30 Other Commercials (d+e) 715 1395 1409 1423 1437 1451 User Charges (Rs / Month) Non Slum HH big 45 52 60 68 79 91 Non Slum HH small 35 40 46 53 61 70 Slum HH 25 28 30 33 37 40 Veg. Markets + Marriage Halls 400 500 600 700 800 900 Big Hotels 300 400 500 600 700 800 Small Hotels 200 300 400 500 600 700 Meat/Chicken shops/Slaughterhouse

80 60 70 80 90 100

Petty Shops 50 60 70 80 90 100 Institutions 100 110 120 130 140 150 Total Recovery form User Charges Non Slum HH big 0.98 1.14 1.40 1.63 2.00 2.32 Non Slum HH small 1.78 2.07 2.54 2.96 3.62 4.21 Slum HH 0.13 0.15 0.17 0.19 0.23 0.25 Veg. Markets + Marriage Halls 0.00 0.01 0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 Big Hotels 0.03 0.08 0.11 0.13 0.15 0.18 Small Hotels 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.12 0.14 0.17 Meat/Chicken shops/Slaughterhouse

0.01 0.01 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02

Petty Shops 0.35 0.82 0.97 1.11 1.27 1.42 Institutions 0.02 0.03 0.04 0.04 0.04 0.05 Total Monthly 3.36 4.39 5.36 6.22 7.49 8.63 Revenue from User Charges (in Lakhs)

40.27 52.66 64.29 74.60 89.91 103.6

Compost Sale Total Compost Generated (MT/Year) 860 872 884 896 908 920 Sale Value of Compost (Rs/ Kg) 2.5 2.5 2.7 2.8 3.0 3.2 Revenue from Sale of Compost 21.50 21.80 23.53 25.40 27.41 29.58 Revenue from Recyclable waste 2.01 2.44 2.89 3.34 3.81 4.29




175

Waste Generators No of Generators Total Revenue (A+B+C) 63.78 76.90 90.71 103.3

4 121.13

137.47

O&M Expenses Proposed 200.12

213.12

226.98

241.73

257.44

274.18

Recovery Proposed (%) 31.87 36.08 39.96 42.75 47.05 50.14

9.6 Financing O & M Expenses

SN Description Amount in Lakh Rs.

A O&M Expenses Proposed 200.11

B Revenue by sale of compost and by-products (A) 21.50

C Revenue by way of User Charges (B) 40.27

D Revenue from sale of recyclables (C) 2.01

E Total revenue proposed (A + B + C) 103.26

F

Deficit = Proposed total O&M cost – Proposed total revenue generated

64

G

75% of Proposed Labour cost to be obtained from untied grants such as SFC etc.

53.65

H 100% SFC grant for permanent staff member 67.58

9.7 Breakup of Financial Aspect

Sl. No.

Particulars Capital Cost O & M Cost Civil

Components Vehicles &

Machineries a Door-to-door collection & transportation 39.38 6.91 b Street sweeping & other cleaning activities and

transportation 10.87 5.18

c Dry waste collection centre / Decentralized waste management centre etc. 4.60 10.30

d Secondary collection & transportation 0.00 1.30 e Waste Processing (Aerobic Composting Including

civil works) and Existing VCP repair cost 226.63 72.94 12.45

f Waste disposal and Leachate treatment 103.62 7.47 7.49 g Bio-mining if considered 5.15 Salaries of Proposed Staff 165.11 h Others (Social Forestry, Rain Water Harvesting) 9.14 1.68 349.14 140.95

Total Cost 490.09 200.11 Cost / ton – 16.6 Tons Rs 29.17 Lakhs Rs 3264




176

Annexure 1. Legal Aspects The legal framework for solid waste management stems from the Municipality Act, the state

policy on solid waste management and the MSW rules 2016 and associates rules. It is

advisable to incorporate in the responsibilities of the various stakeholders to enable

enforcement of proper solid waste management.

The following legal provisions may be incorporated in the ULB by-laws

Duties of waste generators.-

(1) Every waste generator shall,

(a) segregate and store the waste generated by them in three separate streams namely

bio-degradable, non bio-degradable and domestic hazardous wastes in suitable bins and

handover segregated wastes to authorized waste pickers or waste collectors as per the

direction or notification by the local authorities from time to time;

(b) wrap securely the used sanitary waste like diapers, sanitary pads etc., in the pouches

provided by the manufacturers or brand owners of these products or in a suitable wrapping

material as instructed by the local authorities and shall place the same in the bin meant for

dry waste or non- bio-degradable waste;

(c) store separately construction and demolition waste, as and when generated, in his

own premises and shall dispose off as per the Construction and Demolition Waste

Management Rules, 2016; and

(d) store horticulture waste and garden waste generated from his premises separately in

his own premises and dispose of as per the directions of the local body from time to time.

(2) No waste generator shall throw, burn or burry the solid waste generated by him, on

streets, open public spaces outside his premises or in the drain or water bodies.

(3) All waste generators shall pay such user fee for solid waste management, as specified

in the bye-laws of the local bodies.

(4) No person shall organize an event or gathering of more than one hundred persons at

any unlicensed place without intimating the local body, at least three working days in

advance and such person or the organizer of such event shall ensure segregation of waste at

source and handing over of segregated waste to waste collector or agency as specified by

the local body.

(5) Every street vendor shall keep suitable containers for storage of waste generated




177

during the course of his activity such as food waste, disposable plates, cups, cans, wrappers,

coconut shells, leftover food, vegetables, fruits, etc., and shall deposit such waste at waste

storage depot or container or vehicle as notified by the local body.

(6) All resident welfare and market associations shall, within one year from the date of

notification of these rules and in partnership with the local body ensure segregation of

waste at source by the generators as prescribed in these rules, facilitate collection of

segregated waste in separate streams, handover recyclable material to either the

authorized waste pickers or the authorized recyclers. The bio-degradable waste shall be

processed, treated and disposed off through composting or bio-methanation within the

premises as far as possible. The residual waste shall be given to the waste collectors or

agency as directed by the local body.

(7) All gated communities and institutions with more than 5,000 sqm area shall, within one

year from the date of notification of these rules and in partnership with the local body,

ensure segregation of waste at source by the generators as prescribed in these rules,

facilitate collection of segregated waste in separate streams, handover recyclable material

to either the authorised waste pickers or the authorized recyclers. The bio-degradable

waste shall be processed, treated and disposed off through composting or bio-methanation

within the premises as far as possible. The residual waste shall be given to the waste

collectors or agency as directed by the local body.

(8) All hotels and restaurants shall, within one year from the date of notification of these

rules and in partnership with the local body ensure segregation of waste at source as

prescribed in these rules, facilitate collection of segregated waste in separate streams,

handover recyclable material to either the authorised waste pickers or the authorised

recyclers. The bio-degradable waste shall be processed, treated and disposed off through

composting or bio-methanation within the premises as far as possible. The residual waste

shall be given to the waste collectors or agency as directed by the local body.

Duties and responsibilities of local authorities and village Panchayats of census towns and

urban agglomerations.-

The local authorities and Panchayats shall,-

(a) prepare a solid waste management plan as per state policy and strategy on solid

waste management within six months from the date of notification of state policy and

strategy and submit a copy to respective departments of State Government or Union




178

territory Administration or agency authorised by the State Government or Union territory

Administration;

(b) arrange for door to door collection of segregated solid waste from all households

including slums and informal settlements, commercial, institutional and other non

residential premises. From multi-storage buildings, large commercial complexes, malls,

housing complexes, etc., this may be collected from the entry gate or any other designated

location;

(c) establish a system to recognise organisations of waste pickers or informal waste

collectors and promote and establish a system for integration of these authorised waste-

pickers and waste collectors to facilitate their participation in solid waste management

including door to door collection of waste;

(d) facilitate formation of Self Help Groups, provide identity cards and thereafter

encourage integration in solid waste management including door to door collection of

waste;

(e) frame bye-laws incorporating the provisions of these rules within one year from the

date of notification of these rules and ensure timely implementation;

(f) prescribe from time to time user fee as deemed appropriate and collect the fee from

the waste generators on its own or through authorised agency;

(g) direct waste generators not to litter i.e throw or dispose of any waste such as paper,

water bottles, liquor bottles, soft drink canes, tetra packs, fruit peel, wrappers, etc., or burn

or burry waste on streets, open public spaces, drains, waste bodies and to segregate the

waste at source as prescribed under these rules and hand over the segregated waste to

authorised the waste pickers or waste collectors authorised by the local body;

(h) setup material recovery facilities or secondary storage facilities with sufficient space

for sorting of recyclable materials to enable informal or authorised waste pickers and waste

collectors to separate recyclables from the waste and provide easy access to waste pickers

and recyclers for collection of segregated recyclable waste such as paper, plastic, metal,

glass, textile from the source of generation or from material recovery facilities; Bins for

storage of bio-degradable wastes shall be painted green, those for storage of recyclable

wastes shall be printed white and those for storage of other wastes shall be printed black;

(i) direct street sweepers not to burn tree leaves collected from street sweeping and

store them separately and handover to the waste collectors or agency authorised by local

body;




179

(j) provide training on solid waste management to waste-pickers and waste collectors;

(k) collect waste from vegetable, fruit, flower, meat, poultry and fish market on day to

day basis and promote setting up of decentralised compost plant or bio-methanation plant

at suitable locations in the markets or in the vicinity of markets ensuring hygienic

conditions;

(l) collect separately waste from sweeping of streets, lanes and by-lanes daily, or on

alternate days or twice a week depending on the density of population, commercial activity

and local situation;

(m) transport segregated bio-degradable waste to the processing facilities like compost

plant, bio-methanation plant or any such facility. Preference shall be given for on site

processing of such waste;

(n) transport non-bio-degradable waste to the respective processing facility or material

recovery facilities or secondary storage facility;

(o) involve communities in waste management and promotion of home composting, bio-

gas generation, decentralised processing of waste at community level subject to control of

odour and maintenance of hygienic conditions around the facility;

(zc) educate workers including contract workers and supervisors for door to door

collection of segregated waste and

transporting the unmixed waste during primary and secondary transportation to processing

or disposal facility;

(zd) ensure that the operator of a facility provides personal protection equipment

including uniform, fluorescent

jacket, hand gloves, raincoats, appropriate foot wear and masks to all workers handling solid

waste and the same are used by the workforce;

(zf) frame bye-laws and prescribe criteria for levying of spot fine for persons who litters or

fails to comply with the provisions of these rules and delegate powers to officers or local

bodies to levy spot fines as per the bye laws framed; and

(zg) create public awareness through information, education and communication campaign

and educate the waste generators on the following; namely:-

(i) not to litter

(ii) minimise generation of waste;

(iii) reuse the waste to the extent possible;

(iv) practice segregation of waste into bio–degradable, non-biodegradable (recyclable




180

and combustible),

(v) practice home composting, vermi-composting, bio-gas generation or community

level composting;

(vi) wrap securely used sanitary waste as and when generated in the pouches provided

by the brand owners or a suitable wrapping as prescribed by the local body and

place the same in the bin meant for non- biodegradable waste;

(vii) storage of segregated waste at source in different bins;

(viii) handover segregated waste to waste pickers, waste collectors, recyclers or

waste collection agencies;

and

(ix) pay monthly user fee or charges to waste collectors or local bodies or any other

person authorised by the local body for sustainability of solid waste management.

Legal Provisions related to Solid Waste Management and Sanitation under Karnataka

Municipal Act 1964

Clause Sub clause Provision

75

Compulsory acquisition of land -Whenever a municipal council requires any immovable property for the purposes of this Act, the Government may, at the request of the municipal council procure the acquisition thereof under the Land Acquisition Act, 1894, and the immovable property shall be transferred to the municipal council and shall thereafter vest in such council.

Chapter V Obligatory and Discretionary Functions of Municipal Councils Obligatory functions of municipal councils related to Sanitation – Clause Sub clause Provision

87 C

cleansing public streets, places and sewers, and all spaces not being private property, which are open to the enjoyment of the public, whether such spaces are vested in the municipal council or not, removing noxious vegetation and abating all public nuisances

e regulating or abating offensive or dangerous trades or practices

r

providing covered metallic receptacles and covered metallic receptacles mounted on wheels for use by servants employed by the municipal council for the removal of night soil and rubbish and disposing of night-soil and rubbish and, if so required by the Government, preparation of compost manure from such night-soil and rubbish

Discretionary functions of municipal councils related to Sanitation – Clause Sub clause Provision




181


91 k

Supplying, constructing and maintaining receptacles, fittings, pipes and other appliances whatsoever on or for the use of private premises for receiving and conducting the sewage thereof into a sewer under the control of the municipal council

Chapter IX Powers and Offences Powers connected with Drainage and Water Works Clause Sub clause Provision 193 Municipal control over drains, etc. 194 Powers for making drains 195 Sufficient drainage of houses

196 Power of owners and occupiers of 1[buildings or vacant lands]1 to drain into municipal drains

197 Right to carry drain through land or into drain belonging to other persons

199 Provision of privies, etc 201 Power to close existing private drains 203 Encroachment on municipal drains, etc 206 Power of carrying water mains, etc Powers for the prevention of nuisance

224 1

Depositing dust, etc. - Whoever deposits or causes or suffers any member of his family or household to deposit any dust, dirt, dung or ashes, or garden, kitchen or stable refuse, or filth of any kind, or any animal matter or any broken glass or earthenware or other rubbish or any other thing that is or may be a nuisance, shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.

2

Except with the permission of the municipal council, disposal of any nightsoil into any sewer, drain, culvert, tunnel, gutter or water-course, same, shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.

225

Discharging sewage, etc - Whoever causes or allows the water of any sink or sewer or any other liquid or other matter which is or which is likely to become offensive, or causes or allows any offensive matter from any sewer or privy to run, drain or be thrown into a surface drain in any street, without the permission in writing of the municipal council or who fails to comply with any condition prescribed in such permission, shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.

227 1

Removal of nightsoil The municipal council may from time to time fix the hours during which only it shall be lawful to remove any night-soil or other such offensive matter.




182

Clause Sub clause Provision (b) at any time, whether such hours have been fixed by the municipal council or not,- (i) uses for any such purpose any cart, carriage, receptacle or vessel not having a covering proper for preventing the escape of the contents thereof and of the stench therefrom, or (ii) wilfully or negligently slops or spills any such offensive matter in the removal thereof, or (iii) does not carefully sweep and clean every place in which any such offensive matter has been slopped or spilled, or (iv) places or sets down in any public place any vessel containing such offensive matter, or (v) drives or takes or causes to be driven or taken any cart, carriage, receptacle or vessel used for any such purpose as aforesaid through any street or by any route, other than such as shall from time to time be appointed for that purpose by the municipal council by public notice, shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.

233 1 Provision of bathing facilities -The municipal council may set apart sufficient public places for the purpose of being used as bathing places

234

Fouling water.—Whoever, bathes in any stream, pool, tank, reservoir, well, cistern, conduit and aqueduct belonging to the municipal council, or washes, or causes to be washed therein any animal or anything whatever, or throws, puts or casts or causes to enter therein any animal or anything, shall be punished with fine which may extend to fifty rupees.

235 1

Regulation of washing of clothes by washermen.— The municipal council may, by public notice, prohibit the washing of clothes by washermen in the exercise of their calling, except at such places as it shall appoint for this purpose;

2 The municipal council shall provide suitable places for the exercise

236 1

Abatement of nuisances from wells, etc.— If, in the opinion of the municipal council, any pool, ditch, quarry excavation is or is likely to become a breeding place of mosquitoes or in any other respect a nuisance, the municipal council may, by notice in writing, require the owner thereof to fill up, cover over or drain off

238

Using offensive manure, etc - Whoever, except with the written permission of the municipal council, and in the manner, if any, enjoined in such permission stores or uses nightsoil or other manure or substance emitting an offensive smell shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.




183


239

Tethering cattle, etc.—Whoever tethers cattle or other animals, or causes or suffers them to be tethered by any member of his family or household, in any public street or place so as to obstruct or endanger the public traffic therein, or to cause a nuisance, or who causes or suffers such animals to stray about without a keeper, shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.

240

Feeding animals on filth.—Whoever feeds any animal which is kept for dairy purposes or is intended for human food on excrementitious matter, stable refuse, filth, or other offensive matter, or permits such animal to feed or to be fed on such matter, shall be punished with fine which may extend to fifty rupees.

241 2

Consumption of smoke - (2) If any person shall, after such direction, use or permit to be used, any such furnace not so constructed, supplemented, or altered, or shall so negligently use, or permit to be used, any such furnace that the smoke arising there from shall not be effectually consumed or burnt as far as may be practicable, every person so offending being the owner or occupier of the said works or buildings or being an agent or other person employed by such owner or occupier for managing the same, shall be punished with fine which may extend to fifty rupees and upon any subsequent conviction with fine which may extend to five hundred rupees:

242 iv Prohibition of nuisance.—Whoever, carries meat exposed to public view, shall, be punished with fine which may extend to one hundred rupees

Regulation of markets, sale of goods, etc. Clause Sub clause Provision

243 2

Licensing markets, slaughter houses and certain businesses - Whoever uses or permits the use of any place contraty to the direction, or without the licence required by sub-section (1), or in contravention of any of the conditions or during the suspension of the licence shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees

244 2

Opening, closing and letting of markets and slaughter houses - Any person who, without the permission or licence of the municipal council, sells or exposes for sale any articles in the said markets, or uses the said slaughter houses, shall be punished with fine which may extend to twenty-five rupees.

246

Slaughter houses, etc., beyond municipal limits.—It shall be lawful for the municipal council with the sanction of the Deputy Commissioner, to establish slaughter houses, or places for the disposal of carcasses of animals beyond the limits of the 1[municipal




184

Clause Sub clause Provision area]1 and all provisions of this Act and of bye-laws in force thereunder relating to such places within municipal limits shall have full force therein, as if such places were within the municipal limits.

Chapter XIII Rules and Bye - Laws Clause Sub clause Provision

324 1

Power to make bye-laws - Subject to the provisions of this Act and the rules made thereunder, every municipal council may from time to time make, alter or rescind bye-laws – (a) for the regulation and inspection of markets, all public places used for the sale of articles, and slaughter houses and all places used by or for animals which are for sale or hire or the produce of which is sold, and for the proper and clean conduct of business therein, for regulating the sale of fruits, flowers and vegetables, or meat, fish, eggs and animals in the municipal markets or other specified places, and for fixing the rents and other charges to be levied for the use of any of them which belong to the municipal council (l) for the regulation of advertisements and their display

2 In making any bye-laws under sub-section (1), the municipal council may provide that a contravention thereof shall be punishable,—

5

Every bye-law made by a municipal council under this section shall not have effect until it has been approved by the Government; and every such bye-law shall be submitted to the Government along with a copy of the notice published under sub-section (4) and of every objection or suggestion received with respect to the draft bye-law.

7

Every bye-law as approved by the Government shall be published in the prescribed manner and shall come into force from such date as may be specified by the municipal council and where no date is specified on the date of such publication.

325 1

Power of Government to make model bye-laws and adoption of such bye-laws by municipal councils. – (1) In respect of any of the matters specified in section 324 the Government may, after previous publication of the draft for not less than one month, make model bye-laws, and such bye-laws may be different for different classes of 1[municipal areas]1. 1. Substituted by Act 36 of 1994 w.e.f. 1.6.1994.

2

A municipal council may by resolution adopt the model bye-laws in respect of any matter, and such bye-laws shall come into force in such 1[municipal area]1 from such date as the municipal council may specify in a notice published in the prescribed manner. 1. Substituted by Act 36 of 1994 w.e.f. 1.6.1994.

3 If a municipal council proposes to adopt the model bye-laws in




185

Clause Sub clause Provision respect of any matter subject to any modifications, the procedure specified in sub-sections (4), (5) and (6) of section 324 shall be followed as if the modifications were bye-laws proposed to be made by the municipal council. The modifications as approved by the Government shall be published in the prescribed manner and the model bye-laws shall subject to such modifications come into force from such date as may be specified by the municipal council and where no date is specified on the date of such publication.

4

a) The Government may by order direct any municipal council to adopt the model bye-laws in respect of any matter, within such period not being less than three months from the date of receipt of the direction by the municipal council. (b) If the municipal council fails to take any action for adopting the model bye-laws with or without modifications, the Government may by notification declare that the said model bye-laws shall come into force in the said 1[municipal area]1 from such date as may be specified in such notification, and such bye-laws shall come into force accordingly. 1. Substituted by Act 36 of 1994 w.e.f. 1.6.1994.

5 The provisions of this section shall have effect notwithstanding anything contained in section 324.




186

Annexure 2. Solid Waste Chemical Analysis




187

Annexure 3. Waste Generation Estimation Waste Generation from Households Samples

Daily Survey Report Survey Location Residential (Household)

Sr.No. Ward No.

Street Name Name of the respondent Weight in kg Average

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Average

1 2 Diwutagi Oni Gouramma Belavade 0.5 0.9 0.7 0.7

2 2 Diwutagi Oni Shivanand Badami 0.9 1.0 0.8 0.9

3 6 ghobade galli Maruti sidaba hambale 0.7 0.5 0.6 0.6

4 2 Diwutagi Oni Bibijan Aouradi 1.5 1.2 1.0 1.2

5 2 Diwutagi Oni Sudhir V.K 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1

6 2 Diwutagi Oni Bilalsab Imamnayak 0.5 0.6 0.9 0.7

7 2 Diwutagi Oni Yallappa Betasoor 1.0 0.8 0.7 0.8

8 2 Diwutagi Oni Renawwa Betasoor 1.1 1.0 1.2 1.1

9 2 Diwutagi Oni Venkatesh Amate 1.5 1.2 0.9 1.2

10 3 Kawalpeth Galli Shivsen Salimath 0.4 0.5 0.7 0.5

11 2 Diwutagi Oni Shivanand Badiger 0.7 0.8 0.9 0.8

12 3 Kavalapete Galli Laxmi mouli 0.8 0.9 0.7 0.8

13 3 kavalpet galli m m betageri 1.2 1.0 0.6 0.9

14 3 kavalapet galli a s betageri 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1

15 3 Kavalapete galli Prakash mulik 0.5 1.2 0.9 0.9

16 3 kavalapet galli Abdul kalam gorinaik 1.3 1.0 1.5 1.3

17 3 Kavalapete galli Laxmavva sindhe 1.5 1.2 1.4 1.4

18 3 kavalapete galli BM shirur 0.8 0.8 0.9 0.8

19 3 kavalapet galli mahiboob kolled 1.0 1.0 1.2 1.1

20 3 kavalapete galli Khajesab shirur 1.6 1.0 1.3 1.3

Total

19.5 18.6 19.3 1.0

Waste Generation from Slum Households Samples


Sr.No. Ward No. Street Name Name of the

respondent Weight in kg

Day 1 Day 2 Day 3 Average

1 3 kavalapet galli pakirappa almannavar 1.0 1.2 1.4 1.2

2 3 kavalapete galli Rasavva halemani 0.6 1.2 0.6 0.8

3 3 kavalapet galli mallikarjun madari 1.0 1.2 0.9 1.0

4 7 Uppasiri galli Nanappa naroti 0.9 0.8 0.6 0.8




188

Waste Generation from Slum Households Samples


Sr.No. Ward No. Street Name Name of the

respondent Weight in kg

5 3 upsiri galli rafiq dodawad 0.6 0.9 1.2 0.9

4.1 5.3 4.7 0.9

Waste Generation from Commercial Establishments Samples


Sr.No.

Ward No.

Street Name Name of the respondent Weight in kg

Day 1

Day 2

Day 3

Average

1 Diwutagi Oni Sudhir V.K (shop owner) 1.2 1.3 1 1.2

2 Diwutagi Oni Bilalsab Imamnayak (shop owner) 2.5 2 1.5 2.0

3 Diwutagi Oni Yallappa Betasoor (shop owner) 1.9 2 2.3 2.1

4 Diwutagi Oni Renawwa Betasoor (shop owner) 0.9 1.5 1 1.1

5 Diwutagi Oni Venkatesh Amate (shop owner) 1 0.9 1.2 1.0

6 Kawalpeth Galli Shivsen Salimath (shop owner) 2 1.5 2.3 1.9

7 Diwutagi Oni Shivanand Badiger (shop owner) 2.5 2 2.4 2.3

8 Kavalapete Galli Laxmi mouli (shop owner) 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.6

9 kavalpet galli m m betageri (shop owner) 0.8 0.9 0.9 0.9

10 kavalapet galli a s betageri (shop owner) 2 1.5 1.7 1.7

11 Kavalapete galli Prakash mulik (shop owner) 0.5 0.6 0.6 0.6

12 kavalapet galli Abdul kalam gorinaik (shop owner) 2.2 2.3 2 2.2

13 Kavalapete galli Laxmavva sindhe (shop owner) 1.4 1 1.4 1.3

14 kavalapete galli BM shirur (shop owner) 0.9 0.6 0.9 0.8

15 2.8 2.4 2.3 2.5

23.1 21.1 22.2 1.5




189

Annexure 4. HH Survey Analysis Questionnaire Format

1. City 2. Name of Surveyor

3. Name of City

Nippani CMCGokak CMCSankeshw ar TMCChikkodi TMCBailhongal TMCSaundatti TMCRamdurg TMCMudalgi TMCAthani TMCKhanapur TP

4. Ward Number

5. Locality

6. Date

7. Location of City

Latitude (decimal degrees, e.g. -42.454):

Longitude (decimal degrees, e.g. 115.55):

Personal Information

8. Name of Respondent

9. Age 10. Highest Educational Qualification

of the Family head Primary EducationSecondary EducationHigher SecondaryGraduatePost Graduate

11. No of members in the House

12. Who gives the waste in your house?

MaleFemaleAny

13. Age of Person Giving waste 14. At What time are most people at

home in Afternoon from 10am to 1 pmMorning up to 10 Am

15. Daily Waste Generated in kg 16. Frequency of Door to Door Waste

collection DailyWeeklyOnce in 2 DaysNot Collected

17. Reasons for Door to Door Waste collection not Happening

No one is coming for D2D connectionOur area is not accesible for D2D collection vehicleI am not at home w hen they come, time does not matchThey do not come at a f ixed timeDid not know about the systemNot Applicable

18. Do you know what is wet waste and dry waste

YesNo

19. Do you segregate waste as wet waste & dry waste

YesNo

20. Why don't you segregated Waste No timeDo not w ant to /or have separate binsGet confused on w hat to throw w here

21. If given separate bins will you segregate

YesNo




190

22. Do you think your neighborhood is kept clean by the municipality

Yesthey do not collect w aste regularlythey do not sw eep roads properlyPeople throw garbage on road

23. Are there adequate Municipality container bins in the locality

YesNo

24. Frequency of Waste Collection from Municipality Container Bin

Tw ice a DayDailyOnce in 2 DaysWeeklyRandomly

25. Willingness to Pay & Contributions 26. Do you pay for Solid Waste

Management System YesNo

27. How much do you pay / month 28. If not paying are you willing to pay

for improved Services

YesNo

29. How much you are willing to pay for improved SWM system / Month

Up to 2021 to 3031 to 5051 to 70

30. Exposure to IEC 31. Do You Own A TV

YesNo

32. Do you take daily newspaper YesNo

33. What Kind of Awareness program do you prefer

Community meetingPamphletStreet playsAnnouncementsAdvertisements

34. Save Response

1. The following pie chart depicts the highest educational qualification of the family head and the percentage.

This chart shows that many of the population (family heads) have basic primary

education (35%), many have secondary education (34%) and are graduates and none

having postgraduate education.

8%

23%

0%

35%

34%

Highest Educational Qualification of Family Head

Graduate

Higher Secondary

Post Graduate

Primary Education

Secondary Education




191

2. This pie chart depicts the percentage of who in the family gives waste to waste collectors

This chart shows that in majority of the households, the waste is given by the

females (67%).

3. This pie chart depicts the percentage of people who are at home at particular time periods.

In this chart, it is seen that 98% of the population are available up to 10 am to give the

waste, whereas 2% are available between 10 am and 1 pm.

4. The following chart shows the frequency of door to door waste collection

In majority of the households, namely 93%, the waste is collected on a daily basis and only

1% of the households exists whose waste is not collected via door to door collection.

33%

67%

0%Who Gives Waste in your House

Any

Female

Male

2%

98%

Time when people are at home

in Afternoon from 10am to 1 pmMorning up to 10 Am

93%

1%5%

1% Frequency of door to door collection

Daily

Not CollectedOnce in 2 Days




192

5. Frequency of people knowing the difference between wet waste and dry waste is shown in this chart.

It is seen in this chart that 96% of the city’s population know the difference between

dry waste and wet waste.

6. This chart shows the frequency of people who segregate dry and wet waste at household level.

Out of the above 96% population, 62% people carry out segregation of wet and dry waste

whereas 38% do not segregate the household waste.

7. This pie chart depicts the reasons for not segregating waste at household level and the frequency thence.

4%

96%

Do you know what is wet waste and dry waste

No

Yes

38%

62%

Segregation of wet waste and dry waste

No

19%

17%64%

Reasons for not segregating waste

Do not want to /or have separate bins

Get confused on what to throw where

No time




193

Out of the above 38%, when asked the reason for not segregating their household

waste, 64% of the people said that they do not have time for segregation while the

remaining either do not have separate bins or are not fully aware of the difference

between dry and wet waste.

8. This chart shows the frequency of people who are willing to segregate waste if given separate bins for dry and wet waste.

Of the above population, 100% of the people are ready to segregate wet and dry waste if

provided with separate bins by the municipal council.

9. This chart shows the frequency of people who think that their neighborhood is kept clean by municipality.

When asked if their respective neighborhoods were kept clean by the municipality,

82% of the people were of a positive opinion whereas the others said that the waste

was not regularly collected or the roads are not swept properly.

10. Following pie chart depicts the frequency of waste collection from container bins in Saundatti.

0%

100%

Count of HH who will segregate if given separate bins

No

Yes

7%7% 4%

82%

Is your neighborhood kept clean by municipality

People throw garbage on road

they do not collect waste regularly

they do not sweep roads properly

Yes




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The waste from the municipality container bins is collected weekly according to 87% people,

daily according to 11%, and once in two days according to 1% people.

11. Whether people pay for SWM system is shown in the following pie chart.

The above chart shows that 99% of the population pays for the current solid waste

management system, whereas 1% do not.

12. This pie chart depicts the amount paid by people for SWM system.

11%

1%1%

87%

Frequency of Waste Collection from Municipality Container bin

Daily

Once in 2 Days

Randomly

Weekly

1%

99%

Do you pay for SWM system

No Yes

98%

1%1%

0%0%

0%

How much do you pay per month

20 21

30 208

203 209




195

The above chart shows that majority of the people paying for SWM system pay 20

rupees (98%).

13. This chart shows the frequency of people who are willing to pay (if not already paying) for improved services.

Out of the people not currently paying for SWM system, 99% are willing to pay,

whereas 1% is not.

14. This chart shows the amount of money that people are willing to pay for improved services.

Out of the above 99%, 52% of the people are willing to pay 20 rupees or less and 48% are

willing to pay 21 to 30 rupees.

15. This chart depicts the frequency of people who receive daily newspapers.

1%

99%

Are you willing to pay for improved services (if not paying)

No Yes

48%

0%

52%

Amount willing to pay

21 to 3031 to 50 Up to 20

47%

53%

Do you take daily newspaper

No

Yes




197

Annexure 5. Existing and Proposed Route

Map for Collection and Transport Vehicles GIS Based Route Optimization

In the MSWM DPR the digital base map are prepared. The roads are depicted as road

centerlines and respective road flanks as per their widths. The actual physical marking of the

routes of the vehicles is done on the base maps. These digital basemap are used as the input

and optimum routes have been identified for Solid Waste collection for door to door

household level.

The digital base map of TMC shows the road network, building footprints, waste dumping

site, and location of bulk generators. The road network comprises of road centerlines and

the road flanks (marked as per the road widths).

For the purpose of optimum route identification, initially all the road junctions (nodes, to be

treated as garbage collection points) are marked. This was followed by manual selection of

nodes to be retained as garbage collection point and discarding the others. The selection of

nodes was based upon the density of buildings in the zone under consideration.

Optimum route for Solid Waste collection was identified using ESRI’s Network Analyst

extension of ArcView GIS. This extension helps the user to use the networks more

efficiently. It gives the facility to find the best route to get from one location to another, or

the best way to visit several locations. It allows the user to either decide the order in which

the locations are to be visited, or the Network Analyst can find the best visiting sequence.

Network Analyst used Direction and Resistance as the minimum parameters for finding the

optimum route. As of now, all the roads have been marked as one way roads or

Bidirectional roads on basis of actual site scenario and the length of individual road segment

as the resistance. Thus, for given source and destination with intermediate nodes to be

visited, Network Analyst finds the existing connectivity and selects the geometrically

shortest route as the ‘Optimum Path’.

Garbage collection typically follows the sequence: from node to dumping site. The optimum

route is identified for Solid Waste collection from nodes. The existing routes and proposed

optimized routes for Solid Waste Collection are presented below.




198

Annexure 6. Designs for proposed Waste

Processing facility




199

Annexure 7. Machine Specifications at

Processing Facility

Municipal Solid waste Processing plant

Coarse Segregation Trommel 35

This is a rotary screen which separates material on the basis of overall size. Trommel-35 rejects all material having overall size above 35 mm and all undersized material is forwarded to next equipment.

Technical Data

Structure : Various rolled steel sections

Viz. ISMC150, ISMC125,

ISMC100, ISMC75 ISA50, etc.

Covers : M.S. sheet 10 , 12 & 14 SWG

Drive: Friction Drive ( Tyre type)

Motor : Hydraulic ( Radial Piston type)

Tyre: Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller type

Screen : M.S.- 7 SWG with punched hole of 35 mm

Ring : Fabricated , Heavy duty.

Surface : Blasting & Pickling

Primer : Epoxy Primer

Paint : Epoxy Paint

Hyd. Line : 20mm, High Pressure

Length – L – 4.5 m

Width – W – 1.8 m

Height – H – 4.5 m [ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]

DYNAMICS

Drive mode : Hydraulic *

Power Reqd. : (PP- II) ^

Speed : 9 RPM

Capacity : 6.5 TPH (Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3

^ Connected to Power Pack II (15 HP)

Salient Features :

(1) Fully covered with heavy duty dust covers. (2) Easily replaceable screens. (3) Spiral flights to move material faster and prevent choking.





200

Coarse Segregation Conveyor - Process 35

This special conveyor is meant to take material coming through the screens of Trommel-35 and feed that material to Trommel - 14. This conveyor is of Chain belt type & is specially designed to meet requirements of MSW management’s plants.

Technical Data



ISMC75, ISA50, etc.

Covers : M.S. sheet 14 SWG

Gear Box : Worm reduction Gearbox

Motor : Hydraulic ( G-Rotor type)

Chain : Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller type 3” pitch

Belt : 450 mm wide, 3 ply

8mm thick Rubberized

Sprockets:3” pitch. Hardened



Paint : Epoxy Paint




Height – H – 3 m [ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]

DYNAMICS



Speed : 12 MPM

Capacity : 6.5 TPH(Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3


Salient Features :

(1) Typical ‘Z’ shaped Design. (2) All steel used in manufacturing of equipment confirms to IS:2062.


Coarse Segregation Conveyor -reject 35

Reject – 35 serves the purpose of removing all oversize refuge of Trommel – 35, off the process line. This conveyor is of chain belt type and is especially designed to handle bulky and irregular shaped material.




201

Technical Data



ISMC75, ISA50, etc.

Covers : M.S. sheet 12 & 14 SWG

Gear Box : Shaft mounted( SGR)

Motor : Hydraulic ( G-Rotor type)







Paint : Epoxy Paint





DYNAMICS



Speed : 12 MPM

Capacity : 3 TPH(Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3


Salient Features :

Speed variation is possible.

(1) Shaft mounted gearbox eliminates chances of misalignment. (2) All steel used in manufacturing of equipment confirms to IS:2062.


Coarse Segregation Trommel 14

This is a rotary screen which separates material on the basis of overall size. Trommel-14 rejects all material having overall size above 14 mm and all undersized material is forwarded to next equipment. The output of Trommel-14 is semi furnished organic manure.




202

Technical Data







Tyre: Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller type





Paint : Epoxy Paint





DYNAMICS



Speed : 9 RPM

Capacity : 6.5 TPH (Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3


Salient Features :



Coarse Segregation Transfer Conveyor

Transfer conveyor is meant to take material coming through screens of Trommel – 14 and drop treat material in Semi-finish godown. This conveyor is of Chain belt type & is specifically designed to meet requirements of MSW management plants.




203

Technical Data



ISMC75, ISA50, etc.

Covers : M.S. sheet12 &14 SWG

Gear Box : Worm reduction Gearbox








Paint : Epoxy Paint


Length – L – 10 m



DYNAMICS



Speed : 12 MPM

Capacity : 6.5 TPH(Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3


Salient Features :

(1) Typical ‘L’ shaped Design with special guide to prevent side shift. (2) Length & discharge height can be altered as per site conditions..


Coarse Segregation Conveyor -reject 14

Reject – 14 serves the purpose of removing all oversize refuge of Trommel – 14, off the process line. This conveyor is of chain belt type and is especially designed to handle bulky and irregular shaped material.




204

Technical Data






Motor : Hydraulic ( G totor type)

Chain: Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller type with 3” pitch





Paint : Epoxy Paint





DYNAMICS



Speed : 12 MPM

Capacity : 2 TPH (Intake)

* Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3


Salient Features :



Refinement Section Finishing Reject Conveyor

This conveyor serves the purpose of removing all oversize refuge of Rotary screen, off the process line. This conveyor is of chain belt type and is especially designed for handling MSW Handling Plant.




205

Technical Data




Covers : M.S. sheet. 12 & 14 SWG

Gear Box: Worn Reduction Gearbox

Motor : Electrical

Chain : Specially made , Heavy duty , Roller type with 3”pitch

Belt : 450 mm, Wide, 2Ply

8mm thk, Rubberized

Sprockets : 3” pitch.



Paint : Epoxy Paint

Length – L – 6 m



DYNAMICS

Drive mode : Electrical

Power Reqd. : 3HP

Speed : 12 MPM

Capacity : 2 TPH (Intake) * Taking Bulk density to be 1 Tons/m3


Salient Features :

(1) Length and Discharge height can be varied, depending on site conditions. (2) All steel used in manufacturing of equipment confirms to IS:2062


Hydraulic System

Hydraulic system is meant to run all Hydraulic motor driven equipment’s. It consists of Power Pack which convert electrical energy into Hydraulic energy, which in turn is connected to all the equipment’s. Hydraulically driven equipment’s supersede electrical driven performance, speed control and hazard management.




206

Technical Data Power Packs Two

(a) P.P. I – 15 H.P. (b) P.P. II – 15 H.P.

Drive: Electrical Mainfold: Specially designed, MS Pump : Twin Stage, Heavy Duty (3090 / 3070)

: Radial Piston & Orbit

Heavy Duty 20 mm Cooling : Forced water circulation in

Cooling tank through radiator. Controls: Local push button type control panel for each 20 H.P unit Reservoir: M.S. fabricated, 400lt oil capacity Working : Servo system 68 fluid

Salient Features :

(1) Cooling coil made from Cu to give better cooling. (2) All controls at push button type control panel. (3) All steel used in manufacturing of equipment confirms to IS:2062


Control System

This is a rotary screen which separates material on the basis of overall size. Trommel-14 rejects all material having overall size above 14 mm and all undersized material is forwarded to next equipment. The output of Trommel-14 is semi furnished organic manure.

Technical Data

Body : All MS as per IS : 2062

Sheet 12 & 14 swg,


Control element : All Standard as L&T Siemens etc

& electrical

accessories

Primer: Epoxy Primer

Color: Epoxy Paint

Enclosure: As per IPSS

Display : Temp, Voltage , On ,

Off Mimic display

[ These are broad specifications & may vary with the technological advancements]

Salient Features :

(1) All Switches / relays of standard & reputed make.




207

(2) Rigid enclosure as per specifications with facility of cabinet light. (3) Emergency shut off switch at various locations.

Front Wheel Loader Pallet Trucks

Bag stitching machine Weight Machine (100 kg)

40 ft Conveyor System for output of 4mm compost Technical Specification: For 40 ft. Conveyor system

Sr. No. Particulars Details 1 Motor 2 HP Geared Motor, Foot Mounted, O/p RPM: 51 RPM 2 Conveyor Belt 600X3plyX3mm Top X1.5 mm Bottom X5mm

Nominal X CMR Grade. 3 Idlers 8 No’s 4 Return Rolls 4 No’s 5 Side Guides 4 No’s or as needed. 6 Height of Conveyor Stand 24 Inches.

Bailing Machine Technical Specification: Bailing Machine Double box

Capacity 25 Ton (Double Box) Bale Size 30 (L) x 27 (W)x 14 (H) Inch Bale Weight 50 to 80 kg Platform Size 30 (L) x 27 (W)x 25 (H) Inch No. of Cylinder 1 Nos. Cylinder Size 140*90*1000 (Stroke) mm Oil Tank Capacity 80 Liters. (oil is to be Brought by Buyer) Production Rates 10 min. per Bale




208

Hydraulic System 32 Liters. (B series Gear pump) Day Light Gap 47 Inch Operation Hand lever operate Electric Motor 7.5 HP (3 Phase) Machine Weight (Approx.) Approx 1700 Kgs Overall Dimension 96x36x105 Inch Body Plate 9 + 35 mm

HDPE SMOOTH GEOMEMBRANE LINER OF 1500 MICRONS

PROPERTY TEST METHOD VALUES

Minimum average values Thickness - mm ASTM D 5199 1.5 Density - g/cm3 ASTM D 1505 0.94 Tensile Properties ( Each direction ) ASTM D 6693 Strength at yield - N/mm width Type IV Specimen 25 Strength at break- N/mm width @ 50 mm /min 52 Elongation at yield - % G.L. 33 mm 15 Elongation at break - % G.L. 50 mm 800 Tear Resistance - N ASTM D 1004 222 Puncture Resistance – N ASTM D 4833 400 Carbon Black Content - % ASTM D 1603 2.3 Carbon Black Dispersion ASTM D 3015 A1 / A2

Vehicle Specifications –

1. TATA Ace Twin Compartment Tipper 2.0 Cum ACE Box Tipper BS4 Tipper with

compartments

2. Jeep Tipper – 40HP Tractor with 3 Ton trailer

3. Backhoe loader– ACE AX130, 2WD, 76 HP Engine, Standard Tyre, Excv Bucket : 0.24

Cum, loader Bucket : 1.00 Cum

4. Jetting & Suction Machine - Chassis Mounted 3000L sucking cum jetting machine.




209

Annexure 8. Normative Standards for

Municipal Solid Waste Management Government of Karnataka

Directorate of Municipal Administration

Normative standards for Municipal Solid Waste Management

Name of the SWM Tools, Equipment

and Vehicles Unit requirements per annum Unit Manpower required

Door to door collection

One command area = 1000 households / shops

Push carts with 6 bins 1 no. for 200 households / Shops 1 per pushcart

Tricycle with 8 bins 1 no. for 250 households / Shops 1 per tricycle

Auto Tipper 1 no. for 1000 households / Shops 1 driver + 1 helper per auto tipper

Street Sweeping

Brooms 4 nos for each sweeper 1 sweeper for every 1000 m of road length Pushcarts 1 no for every 2 workers

Metal Tray/

Metal plate

2 nos for every sweeper

Ghamela 1 no for every loaders/sweepers

Hand gloves 4 sets for every loader/sweeper

Face mask 2 nos for every worker

Gum boots 1 set for every worker

Uniforms 2 sets for each worker

Tractor trailers 1 no. for every 25 Kms of street sweeping with 7 years of life

1 driver + 3 loaders (2 to 3 trips/day, 2.0-2.5 tons per trip, 200 Kgs to 300 Kgs of waste / Km )

Tipper Trucks 1 no. for every 40 Kms of street sweeping with 7 years of life

1 Driver+ 4 loaders (2 to 3 trips/day, 4.0-4.5 tons per trip, 200 Kgs to 300 Kgs of waste / Km)




210

Secondary Collection & Transportation

3.0 cum Containers

(1.2 Tons Cap.)

1 Container for every 1000 households or approx. for 1.0 ton of waste which ever is higher

4.5 cum Containers

(1.8 Tons Cap.)

1 Container for every 1500 households or approx. 1.6 tons of waste which ever is higher

Twin Container Dumper Placer

1 no. for every 10 to 14 nos of 3.0 / 4.5 Cum Containers – 5 to 7 trips a day

1 Driver + 1 Helper

Cleaning of Markets/Slaughter Houses

Tools & Equipment as same as street sweeping

Requirements are as same as street sweeping

1 worker / 400 m2 area, for two time cleaning everyday

Tractor trailers 1 no. for every 6 to 8 tons of waste, 3 to 4 trips a day

1 driver + 3 loaders

Unloading distance is less than 10 Kms,

Tipper Truck 1 no. for every 10 to 14 tons of waste,

3 to 4 trips a day

1 driver + 4 loaders

Unloading distance is more than 10 Kms,

Commissioner

Directorate of Municipal Administration

Bangalore




211

Annexure 9. Office Memorandum for GOI

share




212

Annexure 10. Minimum Wages Act GOK

2016




213




214




215

Annexure 11. Quotations

€¦ · d. etailed . p. roject . r. eport of . m. unicipal . s. olid . w. aste . m. anagement ....

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