d. genes and protein check your learning

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Genes and Proteins

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Genes and Proteins

In prokaryotes, replication, transcription, and translation take place in:

A) the nucleus

B) the cytoplasm

C) the rough endoplasmic reticulum

D) the chromosomes

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Genes and Proteins

In prokaryotes, replication, transcription, and translation take place in:

A) the nucleus

B) the cytoplasm

C) the rough endoplasmic reticulum

D) the chromosomes

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Genes and Proteins

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology states that genetic information flows in which of the following sequences?

A) RNA to DNA to protein.

B) Protein to RNA to DNA.

C) DNA to RNA to protein.

D) Protein to DNA to RNA.

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Genes and Proteins

The Central Dogma of Molecular Biology states that genetic information flows in which of the following sequences?

A) RNA to DNA to protein.

B) Protein to RNA to DNA.

C) DNA to RNA to protein.

D) Protein to DNA to RNA.





Genes and Proteins

How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons?

A) 12

B) 36

C) 24

D) 48

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Genes and Proteins

How many nucleotides are in 12 mRNA codons?

A) 12

B) 36

C) 24

D) 48


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Genes and Proteins

A particular DNA sequence reads TCGAGGTCACCG. A mutation occurs in which the first "A" in the sequence is deleted. What will happen to the protein produced?

A) The first, third, and fourth amino acids will be correct, but the second amino acid will be wrong.

B) The first two amino acids will be wrong, but the third and fourth amino acids will be correct.

C) The first amino acid will be correct, but every amino acid after that will be wrong.

D) The first amino acid will be wrong, but the last three will be correct.

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Genes and Proteins

A particular DNA sequence reads TCGAGGTCACCG. A mutation occurs in which the first "A" in the sequence is deleted. What will happen to the protein produced?

A) The first, third, and fourth amino acids will be correct, but the second amino acid will be wrong.

B) The first two amino acids will be wrong, but the third and fourth amino acids will be correct.

C) The first amino acid will be correct, but every amino acid after that will be wrong.

D) The first amino acid will be wrong, but the last three will be correct.





Genes and Proteins

Transcription begins in a region where the DNA helix is partially unwound. What is this region of unwinding called?

A) Genetic code

B) Transcription bubble

C) Template strand

D) DNA plasmid


Genes and Proteins

Where is a promoter located relative to the initiation site?

A) Downstream of the initiation site

B) Upwind of the initiation site

C) Downwind of the initiation site

D) Upstream of the initiation site


Genes and Proteins

Transcription termination is caused by:

A) the rho protein or a stable hairpin.

B) the transcription bubble.

C) RNA polymerase.

D) 40 nucleotides.


Genes and Proteins

Transcription elongation begins:

A) when the RNA polymerase σ subunit dissociates.

B) when a stable hairpin forms.

C) when RNA polymerase collides with the rho protein.

D) when translation ends.


Genes and Proteins

If a mutation occurs in the promoter sequence of a gene, which of the following might occur? (Note that RNAP below means RNA Polymerase).

A) RNAP will bind to the wrong site of the DNA and transcribe the wrong gene

B) The RNAP will keep slipping, producing truncated transcripts and elongation will not occur

C) The DNA will not be fed through the RNAP correctly

D) RNAP cannot bind to the DNA and transcription will not occur


Genes and Proteins

What are the three major steps of transcription?

A) Nucleus, Endoplasmic Reticulum, Ribosome

B) Initiation, Elongation, Termination

C) DNA, mRNA, protein

D) RNA Polymerase I, RNA Polymerase II, RNA Polymerase III


Genes and Proteins

Which RNA Polymerase is responsible for transcription of eukaryotic genes that ultimately become proteins?

A) RNA Polymerase II

B) RNA Polymerase I

C) RNA Polymerase III

D) RNA Polymerase V


Genes and Proteins

A major feature of RNA Polymerase II termination is:

A) a nucleosome

B) a poly-A tail

C) the rho protein

D) a DNA-histone complex

Genes and Proteins

Which of the following are the three ways that mRNA is processed in eukaryotes?

A) pre-mRNA splicing, adding the 5' cap, adding the poly(A) tail to the 3’ end.

B) pre-mRNA splicing, adding the 3' cap, adding the poly(A) tail to the 5’ end..

C) pre-mRNA splicing, adding the 3' cap, translation.

D) Adding the 5’ cap, adding the poly(A) tail, trimming the 3’ end


Genes and Proteins

Which of the following accurately outlines the order of mRNA processing following transcription in eukaryotes?

A) The pre-mRNA is spliced first, followed by adding the 5' cap, and finally the poly(A) tail is added.

B) The poly(A) tail is added first, followed by adding the 5' cap, and finally the pre-mRNA is spliced.

C) The 5' cap is added first, followed by splicing the pre-mRNA, and finally the poly(A) tail is added.

D) The 5' cap is added first, followed by the poly(A) tail, and finally the pre-mRNA is spliced.

Genes and Proteins

What is the purpose of rRNA?

A) To carry amino acids to the ribosome

B) To tell the ribosome which amino acid to incorporate during translation

C) To act as structural and functional elements of the ribosome

D) To play a role in mRNA processing in eukaryotes alone


Genes and Proteins

Which of the following is NOT a role of the ribosome during translation?

A) read amino acids

B) bind mRNA

C) bind tRNA

D) catalyze reaction with peptidyl transferase


Genes and Proteins

During translation, the completed peptide chain exits the ribosome through the

A) A site.

B) P site.

C) E site.

D) small subunit.

Genes and Proteins

During translation, new amino acids enter the ribosome attached to _____?

A) A tRNA molecule.

B) They just diffuse in.

C) A rRNA molecule

D) A phospholipid

Genes and Proteins

How does the cell ensure that only the tRNA carrying the amino acid that “matches” the mRNA codon at the A site in the ribosome enters?

A) Only that one can fit through the A site.

B) Only the correct tRNA has an anticodon that is complementary to the mRNA codon while it is at the A site.

C) Only the correct tRNA has an anticodon that is complementary to the mRNA codon while it is at the P site

D) There is no control over this process, it is a random process


Genes and Proteins

Which of the following statements accurately describes the role ribosomes play in protein synthesis?

A) Ribosomes carry individual amino acids and load them onto growing peptide chains.

B) Ribosomes read mRNA and use tRNAs to produce peptides and proteins.

C) Ribosomes load amino acids onto tRNAs.

D) Ribosomes transport mRNA chains from the nucleus to the cytoplasm.


Genes and Proteins

Why is it critical that an aminoacyl tRNA synthetase recognizes a specific tRNA molecule?

A) Each tRNA must be properly folded by a tRNA synthetase enzyme

B) A tRNA with the proper anti-codon sequence must be charged with the correct amino acid

C) A tRNA will not bind to the ribosome without its corresponding tRNA synthetase

D) Each tRNA needs to be labeled at the 5' terminus with the correct anti-codon


Genes and Proteins

Which of the following about tRNAs is true?

A) Elongation factors charge tRNAs with amino acids at the 3' end.

B) tRNA molecules can be charged with any amino acid.

C) Charged tRNAs bind to mRNA through three nucleotide base pairing.

D) Each organism only expresses one tRNA molecule for translation.


Genes and Proteins

Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. For example, tetracycline blocks the A site on the bacterial ribosome. What specific effect would you expect this antibiotic to have on protein synthesis?

A) Tetracycline would directly affect tRNA binding to the ribosome.

B) Tetracycline would directly affect ribosome assembly.

C) Tetracycline would directly affect growth of the protein chain.

D) All of these answers.

Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comOpenStax OER. "Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis." CC BY 3.0 http://cnx.org/content/m44529/latest/?collection=col11448/latest

Genes and Proteins

Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. For example, tetracycline blocks the A site on the bacterial ribosome. What specific effect would you expect this antibiotic to have on protein synthesis?

A) Tetracycline would directly affect tRNA binding to the ribosome.

B) Tetracycline would directly affect ribosome assembly.

C) Tetracycline would directly affect growth of the protein chain.




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Genes and Proteins

Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. For example, chloramphenicol blocks peptidyl transfer. What specific effect would you expect this antibiotic to have on protein synthesis?

A) Chloramphenicol would directly affect tRNA binding to the ribosome.

B) Chloramphenicol would directly affect growth of the protein chain.

C) Chloramphenicol would directly affect ribosome assembly.


Free to share, print, make copies and changes. Get yours at www.boundless.comOpenStax OER. "Ribosomes and Protein Synthesis." CC BY 3.0


Genes and Proteins

Many antibiotics inhibit bacterial protein synthesis. For example, chloramphenicol blocks peptidyl transfer. What specific effect would you expect this antibiotic to have on protein synthesis?

A) Chloramphenicol would directly affect tRNA binding to the ribosome.

B) Chloramphenicol would directly affect growth of the protein chain.

C) Chloramphenicol would directly affect ribosome assembly.






Genes and Proteins

All of the following post-translational events are critical for proper protein function EXCEPT:

A) folding of the protein into the proper three-dimensional structure

B) targeting of the protein to a subcellular location

C) denaturation of the protein to disconnect it from the ribosome

D) chemical modification of amino acid residues

d. genes and protein check your learning

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