d. walking working surfaces - cbia€¦ · (orchard ladders) • portable manhole ladders (9...

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WALKING WORKING SURFACES

THE REVISED 2017 GENERAL INDUSTRY STANDARDS

CBIA MAY 2018

Facility Support Services, LLC 2685 State Street, Hamden, CT 06517 203-288-1281www.FSSTEAM.com

WHAT WE’LL COVER

• Introduction

• Regulatory Requirements

• Safety Controls

• Exposure Control Plan

• Housekeeping

• Training

• Recordkeeping


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HOW BAD COULD IT BE?

• Poor Work Practices



• Aging Work Force


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• Poor Safety Culture


HOW BAD COULD IT BE?WHAT’S THE CAUSE

• Management’s Fault


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• Employee’s Bad Habits


BACKGROUND

• Revising Regulations Since 1973

• Slip, Trip, and Falls leading cause of workplace fatalities and injuries

• Data from 2006 - 2012• 261 fatal falls/year in General Industry

• 48,379 lost work day injuries from falls

• Typically in top 5 causes for workplace injuries

• Injuries cost $614 million per year• $62,000 per injury

• $8.7 million per fatality


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BACKGROUND - BENEFITS

• OSHA determined they would save 29 fatalities and 5,842 injury lost work days

annually

• $300 million in expenses annually

• Consolidate regulatory text

• Make it easier to read and understand the intention

• Greater flexibility for employers to meet Walking Working Surface requirements

• Harmonizes the General Industry and Construction regulations

• Regulations changed to performance based• Employers have the latitude to choose how they will comply


BACKGROUND• Walking Working Surface Regulations include:

• 29 CFR 1910.21 Scope and Definitions

• 29 CFR 1910.22 General Requirements

• 29 CFR 1910.23 Ladders

• 29 CFR 1910.24 Step Bolts and Manhole Steps

• 29 CFR 1910.25 Stairways

• 29 CFR 1910.26 Dockboards

• 29 CFR 1910.27 Scaffold and Rope Decent Systems

• 29 CFR 1910.28 Duty to have Fall Protection and Falling Object Protection

• 29 CFR 1910.29 Fall Protection Systems and Falling Object Protection Criteria and

Practices

• 29 CFR 1910.30 Training Requirements

• 29 CFR 1910.140 Personal Fall Protection Systems


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BACKGROUND

• Walking Working Surface

• a horizontal or vertical surface on or through which workers walk,

work, or gain access to work areas or workplace locations.

• horizontal, vertical, and inclined/angled surfaces

• floors, stairways, roofs, fixed and portable ladders, runways, ramps,

walkways, dockboards, aisles, platforms, manhole steps, step bolts,

scaffolds, equipment trailers, and other surfaces


1910.21 SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS

• Walking Working Surface

• Applies to ALL general industry workplaces and ALL walking-

working surfaces

• Competent Person - means a person who is capable of identifying existing and

predictable hazards in any personal fall protection system or any component of it, as well

as in their application and uses with related equipment, and who has authorization to take

prompt, corrective action to eliminate the identified hazards.

• Qualified Person - describes a person who, by possession of a recognized degree,

certificate, or professional standing, or who by extensive knowledge, training, and

experience has successfully demonstrated the ability to solve or resolve problems relating

to the subject matter, the work, or the project.


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1910.21 SCOPE AND DEFINITIONS• Walking Working Surface

• OSHA’s regulations define construction work as ‘‘construction, alteration, and/or repair, including

painting and decorating.’’

• They further provide that OSHA’s construction industry standards apply ‘‘to every employment and place

of employment of every employee engaged in construction work.’’ . . . In order for work to be construction

work, the employer need not itself be a construction company. . . .

• Further, construction work is not limited to new construction. It includes the repair of existing facilities.

The replacement of structures and their components is also considered construction. . . .

• There is no specified definition for ‘‘maintenance,’’ nor is there a clear distinction between terms such as

‘‘maintenance,’’ ‘‘repair,’’ or‘‘refurbishment.’’ ‘‘Maintenance activities’’ can be defined by OSHA as making

or keeping a structure, fixture or foundation (substrates) in proper condition in a routine, scheduled, or

anticipated fashion. This definition implies ‘‘keeping equipment working in its existing state, i.e.,

preventing its failure or decline.’’ .

• Nature of the work, whether it was scheduled, complexity of job, size of items being worked on


1910.22 GENERAL REQUIREMENT

• Surface Conditions:• All surfaces are kept clean, orderly and sanitary in all places of

employment, passageways, storerooms, service rooms, and walking-

working surfaces.

• Includes slip, trip, and falls

• Combustible dust reduction

• Floors are kept clean and dry as possible• Wet processes areas

• Provide drainage

• Provide dry standing places

• False floors

• Platforms

• Mats


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• Surface Conditions:

• Free of hazards

• Sharp or protruding objects

• Loose boards

• Leaks

• Spills

• Snow

• Ice

• Corrosion



• Loads:• WW Surfaces can support the

maximum intended load• Total weight of all employees,

equipment, tools, vehicles, machines,

materials

• Floors, roofs, ramps, ladders, stairs

• Can be done visually unless unsure

then more comprehensive inspection

• Employers responsibility to make sure

the surface is safe


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• Access and Egress:• Provide and ensure employees use a safe

means of access and egress• Safe – no condition could prevent or endanger

a worker trying to access or exit a WW Surface

• Access and egress remain clear and in good

condition

• Removes language of aisle marking

requirements but remains as a means to

comply in the Preamble.



• Inspections, Maintenance, and Repair:• WW Surfaces are inspected and maintained in safe condition

• Regularly – employer establish a schedule for inspections and a means

to address issues found

• As Necessary – if conditions warrant additional checks such as storms ,

spills

• Repairs made before employees allowed to use WW Surface

• Guard area to prevent access until repaired

• Qualified person perform or supervise repairs when it involves the

structural integrity of the surface


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1910.23 LADDERS

• Types of Ladders• Articulated

• Combination

• Step Ladder

• Stairwell Ladder

• Extension Ladder

• Fixed Ladder

• Platform Ladder

• Step Stool

• Step Through Ladder


• Single Pole Ladder• Trestle Ladder• Mobile Ladder• Orchard Ladder• Telescopic• Offset Fixed Ladder• Side Step Ladder• Attic Ladder• Rope Ladder• Ship Ladder• Parapet Ladder

1910.23 LADDERS

• Types of Ladders• Self Supporting Portable

• Non-self supporting Portable

• Fixed, Portable, Mobile Stands

• Wood, Metal, Fiberglass, Plastic

• Excludes rescue operations and ladders

built into equipment such as vehicles


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1910.23 LADDERS

• General Requirements• Ensure rungs, steps, cleats, and steps

• Clear Minimum Width• Portable Ladders (11.5 inches)

• Fixed Ladders (16 inches)

• Measured on the inside of the rails

• Exceptions• Narrow rungs not meant for standing

(Orchard Ladders)

• Portable Manhole Ladders (9 inches)

• Telecommunications Rolling Ladders (8 inches)

• Step Stools (10.5 inches)


1910.23 LADDERS

• General Requirements• Wooden Ladders are not coated to obscure structural defects

• Metal Ladders are corrosion proof

• Ladder surfaces are free of puncture and laceration hazards

• Ladders are only used for what they were designed for

• Inspected before initial use of each work shift

• Remove defective or damaged ladders

• “Dangerous, Do Not Use”• Workers must face the ladder when climbing

• Workers must have one hand on ladder at all times

• Do not carry any loads that could cause a loss of balance


DANGER

UNSAFE

DONOTUSE

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1910.23 LADDERS

• Portable Ladders• Ladders that can be readily moved or carried

• Reduce slipping hazards on metal Ladders - rungs or steps• Corrugated, knurled, dimpled, skid resistant, or other treatments

• Step Ladders have a locking spreader device

• Do not exceed maximum intended load

• Weight of the workers, tools, equipment, materials• Used on stable and level surfaces

• Do not use Single Rail Ladders

• Do not move, shift, or extend a ladder while worker on it


1910.23 LADDERS

• Duty Rating (Maximum Safe Load Capacity) Portable Ladders• IAA Extra Heavy Duty 375 lbs – Industrial

• IA Extra Heavy Duty 300 lbs – Industrial

• I Heavy Duty 250 lbs – Industrial

• II Medium 225 lbs – Commercial

• III Light 200 lbs - Residential


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1910.23 LADDERS• Portable Ladders

• When used in areas where it may be displaced (traffic, passageways,

doorways)• Secured to prevent displacement or

• Guarded by a temporary barricade

• Don’t use top step as a step

• Must be secured and stabilized when used on slippery surfaces

• Weather conditions – rain, snow, ice

• Facility conditions – wet, oils, greases, solvents• Non-self supporting ladders supported by both rails

• Ladders extend 3 ft above the upper landing surface

• Do not ties sections together

• Do not place ladders on barrels, boxes, or unstable bases


1910.23 LADDERS

• Fixed Ladders

• Do not include step bolts, man hole steps, or ship stairs

• Capable of supporting its intended designed maximum load

• Steps must 7 inches away from the wall• Elevators shafts is 4.5 inches

• Grab bars don’t protrude beyond the rungs

• Side rails of Through and Side Step ladders extend 42 inches beyond the

top of the access level or platform

• Where a parapet has an opening, the access level is the roof (Through

Ladder)

• Where a parapet does not have an opening, the access level is the top of

the parapet (Side Step Ladder)


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1910.23 LADDERS

Fixed Ladders

• There are no steps of the Through Ladder portion

extending above access level

• Flared extension of side rails have clearance 24 – 30

inches

• When ladder safety systems are present on Through

Ladders, width between rails doesn’t exceed 36 inches

• Side rails, rungs, steps of Side Step Ladders are

continuous in the extension

• Grab bars must extend 42 inches above access platform

• Diameter of grab bars is the same as ladder rungs


1910.23 LADDERS

• Fixed Ladders

• Ladders that terminate at a hatch cover• Covers opens wide enough for clear access to the ladder

• Counter balances hatch covers open at least 70 °

• Rungs constructed to prevent feet sliding off at the ends

• Fixed ladders not angled more than 90°

• Step across distance for Side Step and Through Ladders• Through Ladders 7-12 inches

• Side Step Ladders 15 – 20 inches


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1910.23 LADDERS

• Fixed Ladders

• Ladders without Cages

• Nearest object is 15 inches away from the

side rail of ladder from center of rung

• Nearest object is greater than 30 inches

away – room for person to climb

• Distance narrowed to 24 inches when

obstacles are unavoidable

• Put in deflector plates to guide

around the obstruction


1910.23 LADDERS

• Mobile Ladder Stands and Platforms• Step width of at least 16 inches

• Slip resistant – dimpling, knurling, shotblasting, coating,

spraying , slip resistant tapes

• Continual obligation to ensure they maintain slip resistance

• Support 4 times the maximum intended load

• Casters must support their proportional share of 4 times load

• Need handrails when top step is 4 ft or higher

• Vertical height of 29.5 – 37 inches

• Maximum working surface height does not exceed 4 times the shortest dimension

of shortest diameter of the base

• Casters have system to impede horizontal movement when employee on ladder

• Platforms don’t move while employee on it


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1910.23 LADDERS• Mobile Ladder Platforms

• Steps are uniformly spaced

• Maximum rise = 10 inches

• Maximum depth = 7 inches

• Slope not more than 60 °

• Platform height is 4 – 10 ft

• Handrails with vertical height of 36 inches and midrails

• Platform height greater than 10 ft

• Guardrails and toeboards on all exposed sides

• Toeboards

• Height of 3.5 inches

• No more than 0.25 inches of clearance above platform

• Be solid or have openings that don’t exceed 1 inch

• Withstand force of 50 pounds


1910.25 STAIRWAYS

• Scope• Only applies to stairs used in General Industry

• Does not cover• Floating roof tank stairs

• Stairs on scaffolds

• Stairs designed into machines or equipment

• Stairs on self-propelled motorized equipment

(PITs, cars, trucks)

• Does Cover• Stairs used for Emergency Exits


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1910.25 STAIRWAYS

• General Requirements• Handrails, stair rail systems, and guardrails meet 1910.28

• Fall Prevention

• Uniform tread depths and heights between landings

• Vertical Clearance above stair tread is 6 ft 8 inches• Spiral Stairs - 6 ft 6 inches

• Size of landings and platforms• Not less than width of stairs

• Depth is not less than 30 inches

• Useable Depth of Platform – (Platform Length minus Door Swing Distance)• 20 inches if installed before January 17, 2017

• 22 inches if installed after January 17, 2017


1910.25 STAIRWAYS

• General Requirements• Stairs support at least 5 times the normal anticipated live load

• Never less than 1,000 lbs

• When travel between levels is regular and routine

• Must supply standard stairs to provide safe access

• Can use Spiral and Alternating Tread Type stairs –

if not feasible to provide standard stairs

• Must be installed, used, maintained according to

manufacturer’s instructions


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1910.25 STAIRWAYS

Standard Stairs• Stairs installed at 30 -50 °

• Max Rise Height and Minimum Tread Depth of 9.5 inches

• Exception to this if installed before January 17, 2017

Table D-1

• Have a minimum width of 22 inches between vertical

barriers • (walls, guard rails, stair rails)


1910.26 DOCKBOARDS

• Includes both Powered and Manual• Bridge Plates

• Dock Levelers

• Dock Plates

• Loading Platforms• Docks, interior floors, driveways, or other Walking Working Surfaces

• Transport Vehicles• Trucks, semi-trailers, and rail cars

• Cargo carrying vehicles that workers may enter or walk onto to load or unload


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1910.26 DOCKBOARDS

• Must support their maximum intended load

• Designed, constructed, and maintained to

prevent running off the edge• If put into service for the first time after

January 17, 2017

• Run-off protection, guards, or curbing


• Designed to prevent slipping out of place• Must have substantial contact with the dock and transport vehicles

• Prevent transport vehicle from moving while dock boards in place• Portable dock boards are required to have handholds• Portable dock boards are required to have means of attachment for

mechanically lifting and transporting – forklift loops and lugs

1910.27 SCAFFOLDS AND ROPE DECENT SYSTEMS (RDS)

• Scaffolds• Must meet the requirements of the

Construction Standard

• 29 CFR 1926 subpart L

• All other previous sections

regarding scaffolds 1910.28 and

1910.29 are removed


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1910.28 DUTY TO HAVE FALL PROTECTIONGeneral Considerations:• Employers must provide employees with protection against falls and falling

objects• Comply with 29 CFR 1910.29 and 1910.140

• Does not apply to:

• Portable Ladders

• Inspecting, investigating, or assessing conditions –

unless systems available

• Entertainment stages and Railroad Station Platforms

• Powered Platforms

• Aerial Lifts

• Telecommunications

• Electrical Power Generation, transmission, and distribution


1910.28 DUTY TO HAVE FALL PROTECTIONGeneral Considerations:• Employers must provide employees with protection against falls and falling

objects• Comply with 29 CFR 1910.29 and 1910.140

• Does not apply to:

• Portable Ladders

• Inspecting, investigating, or assessing conditions –

unless systems available

• Entertainment stages and Railroad Station Platforms

• Powered Platforms

• Aerial Lifts

• Telecommunications

• Electrical Power Generation, transmission, and distribution


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1910.28 DUTY TO HAVE FALL PROTECTION

• Protection from Fall Hazards

• Type of Fall Protection Systems• Guardrail Systems

• Safety Net Systems

• Personal Fall Protection Systems

• Personal Fall Arrest Systems

• Travel Restraint Systems

• Ladder Safety Systems

• Hand Rails

• Designated Areas


1910.28 DUTY TO HAVE FALL PROTECTION• Protection from Fall Hazards

• Unprotected Sides and Edges

• Employees are protected from falls at unprotected edges 4 ft or higher• Guardrail Systems

• Safety Net Systems

• Personal Fall Protection Systems - Personal Fall Arrest Systems, Travel Restraint

Systems, or Positioning Systems

• Unless infeasible or greater hazard for Residential Roofing

• Fall Protection Plan meeting 1926.502(k)

• Training meeting 1926.503(a) and (c)

• Infeasible while working on loading rack, loading dock

• Work is in Progress

• Access is limited to authorized employees

• Authorized employees trained to 1910.30


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• Hoist Areas – elevated access areas 4 ft above a lower level with an

opening to receive equipment or materials are loaded or received

• Employees are protected from falls in Hoist Areas 4 ft or higher• Guardrail Systems

• Travel Restraint System

• Personal Fall Protection • Required when employee must lean over the edge of access

opening when guardrail, chain, or gate is removed

• Grab handles must meet requirements of 1910.29(l)



• Holes – gap or open space in the floor, roof, horizontal WWS

that is at least 2 inches in its least dimension• Skylights, stairways, ladderway floor, hatchway, chutes-floors, roofs

• Employees are protected from falls 4 ft or higher• Covers, Guardrail Systems, Travel Restraint System, Personal Fall Protection

• Stairways – use fixed guardrail on all sides but entry

• Used less than once / day – can use hinged floor cover and removable guardrail

• Hatchway and Chutes

• Hinged floor-hole cover and fixed guardrail

• Removable guardrail and toeboard on max of 2 sides and fixed on remaining sides

• Guardrail or Travel Restraint system when passing materials through opening


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• Runways and Similar - Employees are protected from falls 4 ft or higher• Guardrail Systems – both sides of runway

• When infeasible – may omit guardrail on one side if

• Runway is at least 18 inches wide

• Employees use fall arrest system or travel restraint system

• Dangerous Equipment – vats, tanks, electrical equipment, machinery

• Protection from falling into or onto when less than 4 ft above dangerous

equipment• Guardrail or Travel Restraint System

• Covers or other guards to eliminate hazard



• Dockboards - Employees are protected from falls 4 ft or higher• Guardrail Systems, Handrails

• Exception

• When using only motorized equipment for

material handling operations

• Not exposed to falls exceeding 10 ft

• Employees trained meeting 1910.30


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1910.28 DUTY TO HAVE FALL PROTECTIONProtection from Fall Hazards• Dangerous Equipment – vats, tanks, electrical equipment, machinery

• Protection from falling into or onto when less than 4 ft above dangerous

equipment• Guardrail or Travel Restraint System

• Covers or other guards to eliminate hazard

• When exceeding 4 ft above dangerous equipment

• Guardrail, Travel Restraint System, Personal Fall Arrest System,

Safety Nets

• Openings • Guardrails, Safety nets, Travel Restraint System, or Personal Fall Arrest

System



• Fixed Ladders 24 ft above a lower level

• Phase in Ladder safety / personal fall protection systems

• Phase out Cages and Wells• Existing Ladders – Installed before November 19, 2018

• Personal Fall Arrest System, Ladder Safety System, Cage or Well

• New Ladders – Installed after November 19, 2018

• Personal Fall Arrest System, Ladder Safety System

• Repairs / Replacement – Ladder, Cage, or Well or any section

• Personal Fall Arrest System, Ladder Safety System in New Section

• Final Deadline – On or Before November 18, 2036

• All fixed Ladders have Personal Fall Arrest System or a Ladder Safety Systems


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• Fixed Ladders 24 ft above a lower level• Ladder safety systems or fall protection systems on one or more sections

• Safety systems are present through the entire vertical section

• Rest platform present every 150 ft

• When Cage or Well is present

• Offset from adjacent section

• Landing platforms every 50 ft or less

• Does not interfere with function of safety systems



• Stairways

• Unprotected landing and stairway edges 4

ft above lower level – protected by

guardrails or stair rail

• Each flight of stairs with 3 treads or 4

risers – stair rail and hand rails

• Table D-2 – Requirements of guarding

based on stair width and # of open

sides

• Ship stairs and Alternating Tread stairs

have hand rails on both sidesFacility Support Services, LLC 2685 State Street, Hamden, CT 06517 203-288-1281www.FSSTEAM.com

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• Scaffolds and Rope Descent Systems• Employee on Scaffolds protected by falls – 1926.453

• RDS 4 ft above lower level protected by personal fall arrest system

• Low Sloped Roofs• Within 6 ft of edge – guard rail, safety net, travel restraint, personal fall arrest

• Between 6 -15 ft of edge - guard rail, safety net, travel restraint, personal fall arrest

• Designated Area if infrequent and temporary

• 15 ft or greater from edge - guard rail, safety net, travel restraint, personal fall arrest, or

designated area

• No fall protection required if infrequent and temporary

• Implement work rule prohibiting employees going within 15 ft of edge without

protection


1910.28 DUTY TO HAVE FALL PROTECTION

• Protection from Fall Hazards• WWS Not Otherwise Addressed

• Surfaces 4 ft above lower level –

• Guard rail, safety net, or personal fall arrest system (PFAS, travel restraint, or

positioning systems)

• Protection from Falling Objects• Head protection (1910.135) – when exposed to falling objects and,

• Erect toe boards, screens, guardrails to prevent falling objects

• Erect canopy structures

• Barricade the area to prevent employees from entering the fall hazard area


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1910.29 FALL PROTECTION SYSTEMS• General Requirements

• Fall protection systems (other than PFAS – 1910.140) meet requirements

outlined in this section

• Must install fall protection systems to comply with Subpart D• Before employee begins work requiring fall protection

• Guardrails• Top edge of top guardrail – 42 inches (+ / - 3 inches)

• When no wall or parapet 21 inches in height• Install mid rails, screen, mesh,

intermediate vertical members, solid members

• Mid rail – 21 inches above WW surface

• Screen, mesh, solid panels installed to top rail

• Vertical members no more than 19 inches apart


1910.29 FALL PROTECTION SYSTEMS• Guardrails

• 200 pounds of force – downward or outward• Downward force does not deflect top rail to height of 39 inches

• Mid rails, screens, mesh, vertical members, solid panels• Withstand force of 150 pounds – downward and outward

• Have a smooth surface

• Top and mid rails don’t extend beyond posts

• Unless don’t impose a projection hazard

• Can not use steel or plastic banding on top or mid rails

• 0.25 inches in diameter

• Removable guard rails at hoist areas• In place when not loading

• Can use chain or gate - if same level of safety


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1910.29 FALL PROTECTION SYSTEMS• Guardrails

• Installed around all unprotected sides or edges of hole

• Holes that materials pass through• Two sides may be removed

• When not being used – all sides protected or closed with a cover

• Holes serving as points of access• Guardrail has a self closing gate that swings away from hole

• Has a top and mid rail

• Or is offset to prevent employees from walking or falling into hole

• Ramps and Runways have guardrails on both sides

• Rope systems need to be inspected for integrity of strength


1910.29 FALL PROTECTION SYSTEMS• Safety Nets

• Must meet requirements of 1926.500-503

• Designated Areas• A distinct portion of a WWS delineated by a warning line in which

employees may perform work without additional fall protection

• Employees must work within the designated area

• Use fall protection if leaving designated area

• Warning line - ropes, wire, chains, tape• Breaking strength of 200 pounds

• Sag limited so line is 34 inches – 39 inches above surface


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1910.29 FALL PROTECTION SYSTEMS• Designated Areas

• Warning Line• Supported so that pulling on one section will not result in slack in any adjacent

section causing the line to fall below the 34 inch requirement

• Visible from 25 ft away anywhere within designated area

• Erected as close to work area as possible

• Erected no less than 6 ft from edge for work – temporary and infrequent

• Not less than 15 ft for all other work

• When mobile mechanical equipment for work – temporary and infrequent

• Erected no less than 6 ft from parallel unprotected edge

• Not less than 10 ft for work perpendicular

• Not less than 15 ft for all other work


1910.29 FALL PROTECTION SYSTEMS• Covers

• Holes in floors, roofs, skylights, roadways, vehicle aisles, manholes, pits

• Covers– support at least twice max intended load

• Secured to prevent displacement

• Handrails and Stair Rails• Handrails - Not less than 30 inches and not more than 38 inches

• Stair Rails – Installed before January 17, 2018 – Not less than 30 inches

• Installed after January 17, 2018 – Not less than 42 inches

• Top rail of stair rail can be used as a Hand Rail when• Height is between 36 – 38 inches

• Meets criteria of Hand rails


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1910.29 FALL PROTECTION SYSTEMS

• Ladder Safety Systems• Allows employee to climb while using both hands

• Does not require employee to continuously hold, push, or pull any of system

• Connection between lifeline and point of attachment to body – 9 inches or less

• Mountings for rigid carriers – attached at each end of carrier• Intermediate mountings spaced to stop employee

• Mountings for flexible carriers – attached at each end of carrier• Cable guides spaced at least 25 ft apart but not more than 40 ft

• Mountings and cable guides don’t reduce design strength of ladder

• Withstand drop test – 18 inch drop of 500 pound weight


1910.29 FALL PROTECTION SYSTEMS• Personal Fall Arrest Systems

• Meet requirements of 1910.140

• Protection from Falling Objects• Toeboards must be used to prevent falling objects

• Erected along exposed edge of overhead WWS

• Minimum vertical height of 3.5 inches

• No more than 0.25 inches opening above WWS

• Solid and do not have openings greater than 1 inch

• Vehicle Repair, Service, or Assembly Pits

• 2.5 inches tall

• Can be eliminated if proved toeboard prevents vehicle access

• Withstand 50 pounds in any direction


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1910.30 TRAINING• Fall Hazards:

• Training is required on or before May 17, 2017• Personal Fall Protection Systems

• Required by other Subpart D

• When Using a Rope Descent System

• Operating motorized equipment on dockboards without fall protection

(guardrails)

• Unguarded sides of platforms associated with

Slaughtering Houses, Loading Racks, Loading Docks, or Teeming

Platforms



• Training can be in multiple formats

• Classroom, audio visual, demonstration, practice exercise, field

training, written

• Video or Computer based training acceptable

• Developed by qualified person

• Content complies with this section (1910.30)

• Form that each employee understands


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• Training must Include

• Nature of fall hazards in work and how to recognize them

• Procedures to minimize hazards

• How to inspect, install, operate, maintain, disassemble PFAS

• Correct use of PFAS and equipment

• Anchoring, tie-off techniques,

• Methods of inspection and storage


1910.30 TRAINING• Equipment Hazards:

• Training is required on or before May 17, 2017

• Proper care, inspection, storage, and use of equipment in Subpart D

• Includes fall protection systems that 1910.30 (a ) does not specify

• Properly place and secure Dockboards

• Properly Rig and use a rope descent systems

• Set up and use of Designated Areas


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1910.30 TRAINING• Retraining:

• Retraining is required when• Employee does not have the understanding and skill required

• Changes in the workplace

• Changes in fall protection systems or equipment workers use

• Inadequacies in employee skill to perform job function safely

• Employers must maintain worker competency• Retraining needed when

• Worker performs job or uses equipment unsafely

• Evaluations indicate worker is not performing job safely

• Worker is involved in an incident or near-miss

• Training must by understandable to each worker


1910.140 PERSONAL FALL PROTECTION SYSTEMS

• Scope:• Ensure each personal fall protection system complies with 1910.140

• Not Subpart D requirements but also• 1910.33 Egress

• 1910.67 Vehicle mounted elevating and rotating work platforms

• 1910. 268 Telecommunications

• 1910.269 Electric Power Generation, Transmission, and Distribution

• Definitions


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Anatomy of a Fall

• Takes about 1/3 second - aware• Takes another 1/3 second - react• Body can fall up to 7 feet in 2/3

second

.33 second/2 feet

.67 second/7 feet

1 second/16 feet

2 second/64 feet

PERSONAL FALL ARREST SYSTEMS

Lanyards

Harnesses

BeamWraps

Caribiners

RopeGrabs

Positioning

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• General Requirements:• Connectors - made of drop forged, pressed, or formed steel or equivalent

• Connectors – smooth corrosion resistant finish

• Employees must be attached to separate vertical lifelines

• Lanyards and Lifelines – 5,000 lb breaking strength• Point they will break due to stress put on it

• Exception – Self retracting Lifelines and Lanyards• Those that limit free fall distance to 2 ft or less

• 3,000 lb of tensile load when fully extended – minimum

• Tensile load – forces that attempt to pull apart, stretch an object



• General Requirements:• Competent / Qualified person

• Inspect knots in vertical lifelines and lanyards• Knots reduce breaking strength

• D-Rings, Snaphooks, Carabiners – tensile load – 5,000 lbs• Proof tested tensile load – 3,600 lbs

• Includes the gate strength of Snaphooks & Carabiners

• Snaphooks and Carabiners• Must be Automatic Locking – Require 2 Motions to Open

• Not connected to Webbing, Rope, Wire Rope, or each Other

• Not connected to a D-Ring to which something already attached

• Not connected to a Horizontal Lifeline

• Shaped component that could disengage parts by depressing gate


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1910.140 PERSONAL FALL PROTECTION SYSTEMS• General Requirements:

• Horizontal Lifelines• Designed / Installed / Used under Qualified Person supervision

• Part of complete fall protection system with safety factor of 2

• Anchorages• Cant attach personal fall protection equipment (PFPE) and suspended workers

or work platforms to same anchorage point

• Anchorages used for PFPE on mobile work platforms on PITs must be attached

to an overhead member of the platform – above and center of platform

• Must be able to support at least 5,000 lbs for each employee OR

• Designed / Installed / Used under Qualified Person supervision as part of

complete fall protection system with safety factor of 2• PFAS, Travel Restraints, Position Anchorages - Not to Window Washer Belts


ROOF & DECK ANCHORS

Wood Roof

Anchor

Metal Roof

Anchor

Permanent

Anchors

37


• General Requirements:• Travel Restraint Systems

• Restraints Lines – tensile load of 5, 000 lbs

• Part of complete fall protection system with safety factor of 2

• Lifelines – not made of natural fiber rope• Polypropylene rope must contain an UV light inhibitor

• Personal Fall Protection Systems• Must be removed from service immediately if subject to impact load

• Inspected by Competent Person – safe to reuse

• Must be inspected before each use each work shift• Mildew, wear, damage, deterioration

• Defective components removed from service immediately



• General Requirements:• Personal Fall Protection Systems

• Ropes, harnesses, lanyards, and belts

• Compatible with connectors used

• All equipment used in a fall protection system shall be compatible to limit

force levels, maintain system strength, and prevent accidental

disengagement

• Protected from being cut, abraded, melted, or damaged

• Must provide for prompt rescue of each employee

• Attachment point in the center of back near shoulder level

• Exception

• May be worn in the pre-sternal area if free fall limited to 2 ft or less


38


General Requirements:• Personal Fall Arrest Systems (PFAS)

• Limits the arresting force on employee to less than 1,800 lbs

• Bring employee to complete stop

• Limit max deceleration distance employee travels – 3.5 ft

• This pertains only to the deceleration device

• Not the 6 ft free fall distance in 1910.140 (d)(2)(ii)

• Its in addition to the 6 ft free fall distance

• Total Max Distance of Travel = 9.5 ft

• Sufficient strength to withstand 2 times potential impact

energy of worker free falling of distance of 6 ft or what is

permitted by the system


QUESTIONS?

Chris MayneFacility Support Services, LLC

2685 State StreetHamden, CT 06517

203-288-1281203-537-7170 Cell

[email protected]


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