d2 presentation
TRANSCRIPT
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B9 and D2 Respiration and AntacidsRaj Sikaria and not Casey Ste. Claire
+B.9 Respiration
B.9.1. Compare aerobic and anaerobic respiration of glucose in terms of oxidation/reduction and energy released.
B.9.2. Outline the role of copper ions in electron transport and iron ions in oxygen transport.
+B.9.1
Shared characteristics of aerobic and anaerobic respiration: Produce ATP (chemical energy) Glycolysis (converting glucose to pyruvate) Oxidation reaction Pyruvate (CH3COCOOH) Exothermic
+Aerobic Respiration
Requires oxygen
C6H12O6 (aq) + 6 O2 (g) → 6 CO2 (g) + 6 H2O (l) ΔG = -2880 kJ per mole of C6H12O6
19 times more efficient than anaerobic respiration (36-38 mol ATP/mol glucose)
glucose + 2ATP + 4ADP + 2Pi +2NAD+ ---> 2pyruvate + 2ADP + 4ATP + 2NADH + 2H+ +2H2O
+Anaerobic Respiration
Does not require oxygen
Only produces 2 mol of ATP for every 1 mol of glucose consumed
Pyruvate is reduced to lactic acid (C3H6O3)
C6H12O6 ---> 2C3H6O3
+B.9.2
Electron Transfer Chain (ETC): Couples electron transfer (ET) between donors and acceptors with H+ ion transfer across a membrane. Cytochromes: Made of hemes. Carries out ET Example: Cytochrome c oxidase (copper ions)
Active site that is occupied by copper.
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Electron Transfer Chain (ETC)
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+B.9.2
Iron acts as a transporter of oxygen through hemoglobin
Fe2+ oxides to Fe3+ when it bonds to O2
Oxygen turns into superoxygen
One molecule of hemoglobin can carry
4 molecules of oxygen (4 heme groups)
+B.9.2
Concentration related to Partial Pressure(oxygen)
Tissues intake excess oxygen
+D.2.1
D.2.1. State and explain how excess acidity in the stomach can be reduced by the use of different bases.
+Gastric Acid
pH between 1.5-3.5. Composed of HCl
Bicarbonate: the body’s antacid
+Our Antacids: Hydroxides
Aluminum Hydroxide- Al(OH)3 Al(OH)3 + 3HCl AlCl3 + 3H2O
Magnesium Hydroxide- Mg(OH)2 Mg(OH)2 + 2HCl MgCl2 + 2H2O
+Our Antacids: Carbonates
Magnesium Carbonate: MgCO3 MgCO3 + 2HCl MgCl2 + CO2 + H2O
Sodium Hydrogencarbonate: NaHCO3 NaHCO3 + HCl NaCl + CO2 + H2O
•General Finding: Basic Neutralization Reactions Occur!
+D.2.1
Antacids can be combined with other compounds Alginates Anti-foaming agents
Alginates prevent heartburn by creating a neutralizing layer that prevents acid reflux
Anti-foaming agents like dimethicone help relieve bloating which is a symptom of acid reflux
-Maalox would be an example