d3.7 integration and spreading of excellence results ... · d3.7 integration and spreading of...

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D3.7 Integration and spreading of excellence results within TREND WP3

Grant Agreement Number: 257740

Project Acronym: TREND

Project Title: Towards Real Energy-efficient Network Design

Funding Scheme: Network of Excellence

Project Coordinator

Name: Marco Ajmone Marsan Phone: +39 011 5644032 Fax: +39 011 5644099 e-mail: [email protected]

Due Date of Delivery: M36 +3 months extension (30/11/2013)

Actual Date of Delivery: 22/12/2013

Workpackage: WP3 : Energy-efficiency in core networks

Nature of the Deliverable R

Dissemination level PU

Editors: Orange - Esther Le Rouzic

Abstract: Integration and spreading of excellence is presented for Work Package 3 on core networks. Factual results in terms of collaboration within and outside TREND are detailed. Big pictures produced by the Work Package are also shown.

Keyword list: Core networks, OFDM transmission format, network architecture, energy-efficiency, IP-over-WDM, routing algorithms, sleep mode, content delivery networks, cloud computing, content distribution, optimization.

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Disclaimer The information, documentation and figures available in this deliverable are written

by the TREND Consortium partners under EC co-financing (project FP7-ICT-257740) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the European Commission.

The information in this document is provided "as is", and no guarantee or warranty is given that the information is fit for any particular purpose. The user uses the information at its sole risk and liability.

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Table of Contents

DISCLAIMER .......................................................................................................... 2

TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................ 3

1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................... 4

2. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................... 5

3. ADDED VALUE OF THE NOE ........................................................................... 7

3.1 Integration .............................................................................................................. 7

3.1.1 Energy-Aware Design and Operation of IP-over-WDM networks. ............... 7 3.1.2 Energy Efficient Resilient Optical Networks. ................................................ 9

3.1.3 Green Content Distribution ............................................................................ 9

3.1.4 Joint activities across multiple workpackages ............................................. 10

3.2 Contacts with other projects ................................................................................. 11

3.3 Contacts with industries ....................................................................................... 14

3.4 Standardization activities ..................................................................................... 14

4. BIG PICTURES ............................................................................................... 15

4.1 Consolidating power consumption values (joint activity with WP1) .................. 15

4.2 Big picture on energy-aware adaptive routing in core transport networks based on IP and optical WDM ................................................................................................. 16

4.3 Green content distribution ................................................................................... 16

4.4 Big picture on optical networks ........................................................................... 17

4.5 Big picture on core networks ............................................................................... 18

5. SUMMARY OF THE PAPERS AND MOBILITY ACTIONS ................................... 19

5.1 Published/submitted papers ................................................................................. 19

5.2 Mobility actions .................................................................................................... 28

6. CONCLUSIONS ............................................................................................... 31

7. LIST OF ACRONYMS...................................................................................... 33

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1. Executive Summary This deliverable presents the outcome of the Work Package 3 of the TREND project in

terms of integration, contacts with other projects and standardization. It gives an overview of the collaboration that was achieved during the three years of the project on core networks and briefly summarizes the big picture studies that have allowed putting the technical achievements of the Work Package into a broader perspective.

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2. Introduction Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) are often presented as solutions

to reduce the overall greenhouse gases emission. They allow indeed dematerialization (papers, DVDs, CDs) and potentially can reduce the amount of carbon emissions attributed to travel. The recent SMARTer2020 report [A] also pointed out that the telecom industry can be considered greener than the other major industries. However this should not be used as an alibi for ignoring the energy consumption of ICTs, but instead taken as a motivation to improve the energy efficiency of this sector. In a recent study [B], the power consumption of ICT telecommunication networks is estimated to grow at rate of 10% per year, and its relative contribution to the total worldwide electricity consumption has increased from 1.3% in 2007 to 1.8% in 2012.

In this Work Package (WP) we focus on the core and metro networks including data centers. Core and metro networks represent the inner backbone part of an operator telecommunication network. Their role consists of providing customers with connectivity to services of the operator (such as the Internet or its managed video services) or to services from other operators or over-the-top actors (such as content providers). It ranges from the first connection point up to the service platform or Peering Points (PPs) and includes transport equipment, optical transmission and data centers.

This document describes the measurable results obtained by the WP in terms of integration, dissemination and spreading of excellence. It completes a more technical report (D3.6) [C] where detailed description of the technical achievements of partners and collaborating institutions has been provided.

[A] GeSI and BCG, “SMARTer2020: The Role of ICT in Driving a Sustainable

Future,” 2012. http: //www.theclimategroup.org. last accessed date : December 2013.

[B] S. Lambert et al., “Worldwide electricity consumption of communication networks,” Optics Express, vol. 20, no. 26, pp. B513–B524, Dec. 2012. (also reported in WP1)

[C] E. Le Rouzic et al., D3.6 Final WP3 technical report on “Energy-efficiency in core networks”, TREND Deliverable, December 2013.

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The authors that contributed to this document are listed below:

Partner short name Name of authors

PoliTo Edoardo Bonetto and Michela Meo HWDU Yabin Ye, and Jorge López Vizcaíno TID Felipe Jiménez Orange Esther Le Rouzic UC3M Carmen Guerrero and Ruben Cuevas iMinds Ward Van Heddeghem and Willem Vereecken TUB Filip Idzikowski UTH Leandros Tassiulas, Iordanis Koutsopoulos, and

George Koutitas CNIT-PoliMi Achille Pattavina and Francesco Musumeci CNIT-UniRoma1 Luca Chiaraviglio

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3. Added value of the NOE This section shows the added value of the WP3 of TREND project in terms of

integration, contacts with other projects and industries, standardization.

3.1 Integration

The project started with clear identified joint activities that resulted into a high number of joint papers and mobility actions. This also helped to attract collaborating institutions such as CNIT-UniRoma1 and CNIT-PoliMi (which eventually became TREND partners as part of CNIT), FUB, INRIA and ZIB.

3.1.1 Energy-Aware Design and Operation of IP-over-WDM networks.

This activity started with TREND partners and rapidly attracted several collaborative institutions. It covered several theoretical studies gathered and synthesised in a public deliverable D3.3. The meeting in Berlin on 23-24/04/2012 was organized in order to properly prepare the deliverable D3.3, and to perform major steps towards the preparation of the IEEE Communication magazine paper [20] where the proposed energy aware adaptive routing solutions have been compared on the same reference network in the light of 11 evaluation criteria. The conclusions of the paper were used to trigger an experimental activity within WP4 where the theoretical mechanisms are being implemented on the FUB testbed1. Altogether 25 papers were issued from this activity and 7 partners (PoliTo, HWDU, TID, Orange, FW, CNIT, TUB, iMinds) and 5 collaborative institutions joined (ZIB, CNIT-UniRoma1 and CNIT-PoliMi, INRIA, FUB). [1] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez(TID), R. Duque (TID), I. Tafur

Monroy (DTU) and P. M. Krummrich (TU-Dortmund), Chapter: Energy Efficiency Improvement with the Innovative Flexible-grid Optical Transport Network, in Green Networking and Communications: ICT for Sustainability, CRC Press, November 2013.

[2] A. Ahmad (PoliTO), A. Bianco (PoliTO), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), L. Chiaraviglio (CNIT), F. Idzikowski (TUB), Energy-Aware Design of Multilayer Core Networks, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, Vol. 5, No. 10, pp. A127-A143, October 2013.

[3] F. Musumeci (POLIMI), M. Tornatore (POLIMI), M. Riunno (FW), A. Pattavina (POLIMI), A Blocking Analysis for Green WDM Networks with Transponder Power Management, 15th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), Cartagena, Spain, June 2013.

[4] F. Idzikowski (TUB), L. Chiaraviglio (INRIA), R. Duque (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), Green Horizon: Looking At Backbone Networks in 2020 From the Perspective of Network Operators, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Budapest, Hungary, June 2013.

[5] E. Bonetto (PoliTO), L. Chiaraviglio (PoliTO), F. Idzikowski (TUB), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), Algorithms for the Multi-Period Power-Aware Logical Topology Design with Reconfiguration Costs, IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 394-410, May 2013.

1 See paper: I. Haratcherev (A-LBLF), M. Meo (PoliTO), Y. Zhang (PoliTO), Y. Hu (PoliTO), A. Conte (A-LBLF), F. Idzikowski (TUB), L. Budzisz (TUB), F. Ganji (TUB), R. Bolla (CNIT), O. Jaramillo Ortiz (CNIT), R. Bruschi (CNIT), A. Cianfrani (UNIROMA1), L. Chiaraviglio (UNIROMA1), A. Coiro (UNIROMA1), R. Gonzalez (UC3M), C. Guerrero (UC3M), E. Tego (FUB), F. Matera (FUB), S. Keranidis (UTH), G. Kazdaridis (UTH), T. Korakis (UTH), The TREND Experimental Activities on “green” Communication Networks, 24th Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications (TIWDC'13), Genoa, Italy, September 2013 (reported in WP4).

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[6] A. Bianco (PoliTO), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), and A. Ahmad (PoliTO), Energy awareness in the design of optical core networks, Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition OFC/NFOEC, Anaheim, CA, USA, March 2013.

[7] A. Coiro (CNIT), M. Listanti (CNIT), A. Valenti (FUB), Impact of Energy-Aware Topology Design and Adaptive Routing at Different Layers in IP over WDM networks, NETWORKS, Rome, Italy, October 2012.

[8] L. Chiaraviglio (PoliTO), A. Cianfrani (CNIT), On the Effectiveness of Sleep Modes in Backbone Networks with Limited Configurations, Proceedings of the 20th International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), Split, Croatia, September 2012.

[9] F. Idzikowski (TUB), R. Duque (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), L. Chiaraviglio (PoliTO), M. Ajmone Marsan (PoliTO), Energy Saving in Optical Operator Networks: the Challenges, the TREND Vision, and Some Results, 38th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication (ECOC), Amsterdam, the Netherlands, September 2012.

[10] A. Coiro (CNIT), M. Listanti (CNIT), T. Squarcia (CNIT), A. Valenti (FUB), F. Matera (FUB), Energy-minimised virtual topology design in IP over WDM backbone networks, IET Optoelectronics, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 165 - 172, August 2012.

[11] A. P. Bianzino (CNIT), C. Chaudet (Telecom ParisTech), S. Moretti (CNRS), J. L. Rougier (Telecom ParisTech), L. Chiaraviglio (PoliTO), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), Enabling Sleep Mode in Backbone IP-Networks: a Criticality-Driven Tradeoff, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Ottawa, Canada, June 2012.

[12] F. Idzikowski (TUB), L. Chiaraviglio (PoliTO), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), EWA: an Adaptive Algorithm for Energy Saving in IP-over-WDM Networks, 17th European Conference on Network and Optical Communications (NOC), Vilanova i la Geltru, Spain, June 2012.

[13] J. López. Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), I. Tafur Monroy (DTU), Energy Efficiency Analysis for Dynamic Routing in Optical Transport Networks, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), pp. 3042-4047, Ottawa, Canada, June 2012.

[14] J. López. Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), I. Tafur Monroy (DTU), Energy Efficiency Analysis for Flexible-grid OFDM-based Optical Networks, Computer Networks, Vol. 56, No. 10, pp. 2400-2419, June 2012.

[15] F. Musumeci (CNIT), D. Siracusa (CNIT), G. Rizzelli (CNIT), R. Fiandra (FW), M. Tornatore (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), On the energy consumption of IP-over-WDM architectures, IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Ottawa, CA, June 2012.

[16] F. Idzikowski (TUB), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), L. Chiaraviglio (PoliTO), EWA – an adaptive algorithm using watermarks for energy saving in IP-over-WDM networks, Technical Report TKN-12-002, May 2012.

[17] F. Idzikowski (TUB), L. Chiaraviglio (POLITO) and F. Portoso (POLITO), “Optimal Design of Green Multi-layer Core Networks,” in Proc. of the e-Energy, Madrid, Spain, May 2012.

[18] F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), R. Fiandra (FW), A. Pattavina (CNIT), The role of network topology on the energy efficiency of IP-over-WDM architectures, 16th International Conference on Optical Networking Design and Modeling (ONDM), Colchester, UK, April 2012.

[19] F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), A power consumption analysis for IP-over-WDM core network architectures, IEEE/OSA Journal on Optical Communications and Networking, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 108-117, February 2012.

[20] F. Idzikowski (TUB), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), L. Chiaraviglio (CNIT), A. Cianfrani (CNIT), A. Coiro (CNIT), R. Duque (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), F. Musumeci (CNIT), W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), TREND in Energy-Aware Adaptive Routing Solutions, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 51, .No. 11, November 2013.

[21] E. Bonetto (PoliTO), L. Chiaraviglio (PoliTO), D. Cuda (Orange), F. Idzikowski (TUB), F. Neri (PoliTO), Exploiting Traffic Dynamics in Power-Aware Logical Topology Design, 37th European Conference and Exhibition on Optical Communication (ECOC), Geneva, Switzerland, September 2011.

[22] L. Chiaraviglio (PoliTO), M. Mellia (PoliTO), F. Neri (PoliTO), Minimizing ISP Network Energy Cost: Formulation and Solutions, IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, July 2011.

[23] F. Idzikowski (TUB), S. Orlowski (atesio GmbH), C. Raack (Zuse Institut Berlin), H. Woesner (TUB), A. Wolisz (TUB), Dynamic routing at different layers in IP-over-WDM networks – Maximizing energy savings, Optical Switching and Networking, Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 181 - 200, July 2011.

[24] L. Chiaraviglio (PoliTO), D. Ciullo (PoliTO), M. Mellia (PoliTO), M. Meo (PoliTO), Modeling Sleep Modes Gains with Random Graphs, IEEE INFOCOM 2011 Workshop on Green Communications and Networking, Shanghai, China, April 2011.

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[25] R. Bolla (CNIT), R. Bruschi (CNIT), A. Cianfrani (UNIROMA1), M. Listanti (UNIROMA1), Introducing standby capabilities into next-generation network devices, PRESTO '10 Proceedings of the Workshop on Programmable Routers for Extensible Services of Tomorrow, Philadelphia, USA, November 2010. (also reported in WP1)

3.1.2 Energy Efficient Resilient Optical Networks.

This activity was particularly productive in terms of the number of papers (9) and mobility actions (3). Three partners (HWDU, TID) and one collaborative institution (CNIT-PoliMi) were involved in the activity. Again, the public deliverable (D3.5) that was issued in 2013 triggered joint journal papers and book chapters that were recently accepted for publication.

[1] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), M.

Tornatore (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Protection in Optical Transport Networks with fixed and flexible grid: Cost and Energy Efficiency Evaluation, Optical Switching and Networking, No. Optical network architecture and applications", to be published.

[2] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Energy- and Cost-Efficient Protection in Core Networks by a Differentiated Quality of Protection Scheme, 39th European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC), London, UK, September 2013.

[3] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), P. Soto (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Energy-efficient and Low Blocking Probability Differentiated Quality of Protection Scheme for Dynamic Elastic Optical Networks, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), Split, Croatia, September 2013.

[4] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Quality of protection schemes with extended flexibility for improved energy efficiency in transport networks, 9th International Workshop on Design of Reliable Communication Networks (DRCN), pp. 28-35, Budapest, Hungary, March 2013.

[5] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Differentiated Quality of Protection to Improve Energy Efficiency of Survivable Optical Transport Networks, Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition OFC/NFOEC, Anaheim, USA, March 2013.

[6] F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), A. Pattavina (CNIT), Energy-Efficiency of Protected IP-over-WDM Networks with Sleep-Mode Devices, Journal of High Speed Networks, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 19-32, January 2013.

[7] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), Traffic and Power-Aware Protection Scheme in Elastic Optical Networks, Networks, Rome, Italy, October 2012.

[8] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), On the Energy Efficiency of Survivable Optical Transport Networks with Flexible-grid, 38th European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC), pp. P5.05, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 2012.

[9] F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), A. Pattavina (CNIT), Power-Aware Design of Protected IP-over-WDM Networks with Sleep-mode Devices, IEEE GreenCom, online, September 2012.

3.1.3 Green Content Distribution

The organized working session meeting also was a catalyst for starting activities on Green Content Distribution, and produced one joint paper, as well as collaboration through

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new project proposal (INRIA and Orange have planned further collaboration inside a French ANR CEDRE that was submitted on the 2013 call).

[1] R. Modrzejewski (INRIA), L. Chiaraviglio (CNIT), I. Tahiri (INRIA), F. Giroire (INRIA), E. Le Rouzic

(Orange), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), F. Musumeci (POLIMI), R. Gonzalez (UC3M), C. Guerrero (UC3M), Energy Efficient Content Distribution in an ISP Network, Globecom 2013, to be published.

3.1.4 Joint activities across multiple workpackages

Integration was also done across multiple WPs. There have been 15 joint WP papers (9 joint WP3 - WP1, 2 joint WP3 – WP5, 1 joint WP3 – WP4 and 1 joint WP3 – WP2 and 2 with multiple WPs WP1,2,3,4,5).

[1] D. Hatzopoulos (UTH), I. Koutsopoulos (UTH), G. Koutitas (UTH), W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds),

Dynamic Virtual Machine Allocation in Cloud Server Facility Systems with Renewable Energy Sources, ICC 2013, Budapest, Hungary, to be published. ( WP1 WP3 )

[2] R. Modrzejewski (INRIA), L. Chiaraviglio (CNIT), I. Tahiri (INRIA), F. Giroire (INRIA), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), F. Musumeci (POLIMI), R. Gonzalez (UC3M), C. Guerrero (UC3M), Energy Efficient Content Distribution in an ISP Network, Globecom 2013, to be published. ( WP1 WP3 WP4 WP5 )

[3] W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), F. Musumeci (CNIT), F. Idzikowski (TUB), A. Pattavina (CNIT), B. Lannoo (iMinds), D. Colle (iMinds), M. Pickavet (iMinds), Power Consumption Evaluation of Circuit-Switched Versus Packet-Switched Optical Backbone Networks, OnlineGreenComm, online, October 2013. ( WP1 WP3 )

[4] E. Le Rouzic (Orange), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), L. Chiaraviglio (INRIA), F. Giroire (INRIA), F. Idzikowski (TUB), F. Jiménez (TID), C. Lange (DT), J. Montalvo (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), I. Tahiri (INRIA), A. Valenti (FUB), W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), Y. Ye (HWDU), A. Bianco (PoliTO), A. Pattavina (CNIT), TREND towards more energy-efficient optical networks, Optical Network Design and Modelling, Invited, Brest, France, April 2013. ( WP2 WP3 WP1 )

[5] W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), F. Idzikowski (TUB), W. Vereecken (iMinds), D. Colle (iMinds), M. Pickavet (iMinds), P. Demeester (iMinds), Power consumption modeling in optical multilayer networks, Photonic Network Communications, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 86-102, October 2012. ( WP1 WP3 )

[6] W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), F. Idzikowski (TUB), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), J. Y. Mazeas (Orange), H. Poignant (Orange), S. Salaun (Orange), B. Lannoo (iMinds), D. Colle (iMinds), Evaluation of Power Rating of Core Network Equipment in Practical Deployments, Greencom 2012, online conference, September 2012. ( WP1 WP3 )

[7] K. Verma (IMDEA), G. Rizzo (IMDEA), A. Fernandez-Anta (IMDEA), R. Cuevas-Rumin (UC3M), A. Azcorra (UC3M), Greening the Internet: Energy-Optimal File Distribution, 2012 IEEE 11th International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications, August 2012. ( WP3 WP2 )

[8] W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), M. C. Parker (University Of Essex), S. Lambert (iMinds), W. Vereecken (iMinds), B. Lannoo (iMinds), D. Colle (iMinds), M. Pickavet (iMinds), P. Demeester (iMinds), Using an Analytical Power Model to Survey Power Saving Approaches in Backbone Networks, NOC 2012, Vilanova i la Geltru, June 2012. ( WP1 WP3 )

[9] W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), F. Idzikowski (TUB), Equipment power consumption in optical multilayer networks - source data, Technical Report IBCN-12-001-01, January 2012. ( WP1 WP3 )

[10] W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), W. Vereecken (iMinds), D. Colle (iMinds), M. Pickavet (iMinds), P. Demeester (iMinds), Distributed Computing for Carbon Footprint Reduction by Exploiting Low-Footprint Energy Availability, Future Generation Computer Systems, May 2011. ( WP1 WP3 )

[11] R. Cuevas (UC3M), N. Laoutaris (TID), Y. Xiao (TID), G. Siganos (TID), R. Pablo (TID), Deep Diving into BitTorrent Locality, The 30th IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM 2011), Shanghai, China, April 2011. ( WP3 WP1 )

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[12] R. Cuevas (UC3M), A. Cuevas (UC3M), M. Urueña (UC3M), A. Banchs (IMDEA Networks and UC3M), Applying Low Discrepancy Sequences for Node-ID assignment in P2PSIP, IEEE Communications Letter, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 256 - 258 , February 2011. ( WP3 WP5 )

[13] R. Cuevas (UC3M), M. Kryczka (Institute IMDEA Networks), A. Cuevas (UC3M), S. Kaune (Technische Universitaet Darmstadt), C. Guerrero (UC3M), R. Rejaie (University of Oregon), Is Content Publishing in BitTorrent Altruistic or Profit-Driven?, The ACM 6th International Conference on Emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies (CoNEXT), Philadelphia, USA , December 2010. ( WP3 WP5 )

[14] R. Bolla (CNIT), R. Bruschi (CNIT), A. Cianfrani (UNIROMA1), M. Listanti (UNIROMA1), Introducing standby capabilities into next-generation network devices, PRESTO '10 Proceedings of the Workshop on Programmable Routers for Extensible Services of Tomorrow, Philadelphia, USA, November 2010. ( WP1 WP3 )

3.2 Contacts with other projects

Trend partners have established contacts with other collaborative projects (initiatives, European FP7) as a means of fostering the dissemination of Trend results within the research community and starting collaboration between projects on related topics.

- GreenTouch foundation (since 2010):

o Organization of common workshops : Future Internet Assembly, Dublin, Ireland, May 9 2013 ; Future Internet Cluster Meeting: Green and Energy-efficient Networking Workshop Brussels, Oct. 22 2013.

o Creation and use of reference power consumption values for core network equipment, both with information from STRONGEST, TREND and Greentouch. (for exemple, in the GreenTouch Greenmeter report the values in Table 9 are partly based on input from TREND partners: http://www.greentouch.org/uploads/documents/GreenTouch_Green_Meter_Research_Study_26_June_2013.pdf.

- FP7 STRONGEST project (Scalable, Tunable and Resilient Optical Networks Guaranteeing Extremely-high Speed Transport grant agreement 247674) (01/2010 – 12/2012): STRONGEST’s main goal is to design and demonstrate an evolutionary ultra-high capacity multilayer transport network, based on optimized integration of optical and packet nodes, and equipped with a multi-domain, multi-technology control plane, overcoming the problems of current networks that still provide limited scalability, are not cost-effective and do not properly guarantee end-to-end quality of service.

o Andrea Di Giglio (project leader of the Strongest project) gave a presentation in TREND plenary meeting in Ghent 15/02/2012.

o Ward Van Heddeghem (iMinds) presented STRONGEST activities in the meeting in Volos, Greece, 01-06/10/2012.

- FP7 DISCUS project (DIStributed Core for unlimited bandwidth supply for all Users and

Services grant agreement 318137), (11/2012-10/2015) The DISCUS project defines an overall network architecture where high performance services are flexibly deployed through innovative optical elements and transmission technologies, ensuring infrastructure scalability. The project was presented by Telefónica I+D in Volos plenary meeting, as Trend relevant issues (studied in WP3, but also in other

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workpackages) like energy efficient network architectures, resiliency mechanisms or transmission techniques were also analyzed by specific DISCUS working groups. o The following papers have been produced in collaboration with DISCUS:

[1] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), P. Soto (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Energy-efficient and Low Blocking Probability Differentiated Quality of Protection Scheme for Dynamic Elastic Optical Networks, Softcom 2013, Split, Croatia, September 2013.

[2] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), P.M. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Amplifier Placements Optimization for Enhanced Energy Efficiency in Optical Transport Networks, submitted in September 2013 to IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) 2014.

[3] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), A. Macho (TID), P. M. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Optimized Amplifier Placements for Improved Energy and Spectral Efficiency in Protected Mixed-Line-Rate Networks, submitted in October 2013 to Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC) 2014.

- FP7 Idealist project (Industry-Driven Elastic and Adaptive Lambda Infrastructure for

Service and Transport Networks under grant agreement 317999) (11/2012-10/2015) The Idealist project analyses optical transmission technologies, network and node architectures and control plane mechanisms for Elastic Optical Networks (EONs). The project is led by Trend partner Telefónica I+D and there has been frequent interaction with the groups involved in data plane technologies and power efficient transmission techniques. This has produced, as an outcome, several papers within WP3 IRA3.2 related to innovative protection mechanisms for optical networks, increasing its energy efficiency as well as its capacity and flexibility. A book chapter on Green networking and communications was also elaborated as a result from Trend-Idealist cooperation. The list of Trend-Idealist publications is included below:

[1] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Protection in Optical Transport Networks with fixed and flexible grid: Cost and Energy Efficiency Evaluation, Optical Switching and Networking, No. Optical network architecture and applications", to be published.

[2] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Energy- and Cost-Efficient Protection in Core Networks by a Differentiated Quality of Protection Scheme, European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC) 2013, London, UK, September 2013.

[3] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), P. Krummrich (TUD), Quality of protection schemes with extended flexibility for improved energy efficiency in transport networks, DRCN2013, pp. 28-35, March 2013.

[4] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), I. T. Monroy (DTU), P. Krummrich (TUD), Energy Efficiency Improvement with the Innovative Flexible-grid Optical Transport Network, Green Networking and Communications book, March 2013.

- FP7 CHRON project (Cognitive Heterogeneous Reconfigurable Optical Network under

grant agreement 258644) (07/2010-06/2013)

The CHRON project proposes a network architecture that acts, learns and optimizes its performance, taking into account its high degree of heterogeneity with respect to QoS, transmission and switching techniques. As defined in the project, energy consumption is one of the key concepts that the cognitive decision system will take into account. Among other potential

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advantages, cognition and continuous monitoring may enable the design of energy efficient networks through remote power management. In fact, the cognitive process in the network can take into account power usage and availability of non-fossil or renewable energy sources when deciding how to handle new traffic demands according to the current network status provided by the monitoring system, and to set devices to stand-by state when appropriate.

HWDU being a partner of TREND and CHRON projects, has established a close cooperation between both projects with the aim at finding strategies to improve the energy efficiency of the network. In fact, the carried research on energy-aware routing and resource allocation algorithms for Wavelength Division Multiplexing (WDM) networks and EONs, and the studies on energy-efficient protection schemes have been of great value to define the final architecture of the cognitive network system envisioned by CHRON.

As a result from this cooperation, twelve TREND-CHRON joint publications have been achieved and two more papers currently under review:

[1] J. Mata (HWDU), J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), I. Tafur Monroy (DTU), Influence of Embodied Energy in the Energy Efficiency of Optical Transport Networks, European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC) 2013, London, UK, September 2013.

[2] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), I. T. Monroy (DTU), Energy Efficiency Analysis for Dynamic Routing in Optical Transport Networks, ICC 2012, pp. 3042-4047, Ottawa, Canada, June 2012.

[3] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), I. T. Monroy (DTU), Energy Efficiency Analysis for Flexible-grid OFDM-based Optical Networks, Computer Networks, Vol. 56, No. 10, pp. 2400-2419, June 2012.

[4] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), I. T. Monroy (DTU), Energy Efficiency in Elastic-Bandwidth Optical Networks, 2nd IFIP international conference Network of the Future, pp. 107-111, Paris, November 2011.

[5] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Protection in Optical Transport Networks with fixed and flexible grid: Cost and Energy Efficiency Evaluation, Optical Switching and Networking, No. Optical network architecture and applications", to be published.

[6] J. López Vizcaino (HWDU), P. Soto (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Energy-efficient and Low Blocking Probability Differentiated Quality of Protection Scheme for Dynamic Elastic Optical Networks, Softcom 2013, Split, Croatia, September 2013.

[7] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Energy- and Cost-Efficient Protection in Core Networks by a Differentiated Quality of Protection Scheme, European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC) 2013, London, UK, September 2013.

[8] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Differentiated Quality of Protection to Improve Energy Efficiency of Survivable Optical Transport Networks, OFC2013, March 2013

[9] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), M. Tornatore (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), P. Krummrich (TUD), Quality of protection schemes with extended flexibility for improved energy efficiency in transport networks, DRCN2013, pp. 28-35, March 2013.

[10] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), I. T. Monroy (DTU), P. Krummrich (TUD), Energy Efficiency Improvement with the Innovative Flexible-grid Optical Transport Network, Green Networking and Communications book, March 2013.

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[11] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Cost Evaluation for Flexible-Grid Optical Networks, IEEE Globecom 2012 workshop on Flexible Optical Networks, December 2012.

[12] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), V. López (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), R. Duque (TID), P. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), On the Energy Efficiency of Survivable Optical Transport Networks with Flexible-grid, ECOC2012, pp. P5.05, Amsterdam, The Netherlands, September 2012.

[13] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), P.M. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Amplifier Placements Optimization for Enhanced Energy Efficiency in Optical Transport Networks, submitted in September 2013 to IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) 2014.

[14] J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), F. Jiménez (TID), A. Macho (TID), P. M. Krummrich (TU Dortmund), Optimized Amplifier Placements for Improved Energy and Spectral Efficiency in Protected Mixed-Line-Rate Networks, submitted in October 2013 to Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC) 2014.

- French Laboratory of Excellence Comin-labs (2011-2020) CominLabs is an Excellence Center (Laboratoire d’Excellence from the Investissements d’Avenir program of the French government). CominLabs gathers ten research labs from Bretagne and Nantes in the area of telecommunications, Internet, and over-the-top services

o Esther Le Rouzic (Orange) has presented TREND to the Energy focus group of the French Laboratory of Excellence CominLabs on the 20/10/2011. 30 researchers from Brittany (ENSSAT, Télécom Bretagne, INSA Rennes, mines Nantes, INRIA) participated in this meeting.

3.3 Contacts with industries

TUB worked with Atesio GmbH and Zuse Institut Berlin (ZIB) on the paper published in the Elsevier Journal on Optical Switching and Networking. [1] Idzikowski et al., Dynamic routing at different layers in IP-over-WDM networks – Maximizing energy

savings, July 2011.

3.4 Standardization activities

Given the interesting potential of photonic switching technologies to reduce energy consumption of optical core and metro networks (detailed in D3.6 for example), Orange, Telefónica and other operators started standardization activity to promote this kind of technologies within ITU-T Study Group 15 through several contributions (T09-SG15-C1527 11/2011, T09-SG15-C-2322/en 08/2012). Discussions are ongoing on “Some considerations for modelling Sub-lambda photonic switched networks (SLPSN)” document T13-SG15-C-0015. This activity around the potential of sub-lambda photonic switching network gave place to several mobility actions: Edoardo Bonetto (PoliTo) to Orange labs for two periods of 3 months, Raluca-Maria Indre (Orange) to PoliTo for 2 months, Bernard Arzur and Christophe Betoule (both Orange) to TID for 3 days of testing of an SLPSN equipment. The objective of the mobility was to evaluate the performance of industrial equipment based on subwavelength photonic switching, that was available in TID labs.

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4. Big pictures One important result of the WP3 activities has been the elaboration of big pictures on

core networks involving the work from several partners. Key results are exposed below.

4.1 Consolidating power consumption values (joint activity with WP1)

When starting our studies we rapidly faced incoherence in the values found in the literature about core networks equipment power consumption. So several partners joined their effort to a consolidated power consumption model [1] that could be used within our WP. This work gave birth to a more general library on telecommunication equipments powerlib.

At http://powerlib.intec.ugent.be/ we host an online database of ICT network equipment power consumption data. Its main and initial purpose is to collect and provide this data for use in research towards more power-efficient ICT networks. Data on this topic is not readily available, but instead distributed across different data sheets and (academic) publications. By providing a single source, we hope to facilitate power consumption data collection and referencing. Users can contribute to this database with their own data, preferably by including (links to) sources of the reported values. To do so, users have to register at the website, after which they can request contributing privileges. Search and export functionality is available as well.

Figure 1: Powerlib website – start page

[1] W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), F. Idzikowski (TUB), W. Vereecken (iMinds), D. Colle (iMinds), M. Pickavet (iMinds), P. Demeester (iMinds), Power consumption modeling in optical multilayer networks, Photonic Network Communications, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 86-102, October 2012.

[2] W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), F. Idzikowski (TUB), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), J. Y. Mazeas (Orange), H. Poignant (Orange), S. Salaun (Orange), B. Lannoo (iMinds), D. Colle (iMinds), Evaluation of Power Rating

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of Core Network Equipment in Practical Deployments, IEEE online Greencom, online conference, September 2012.

[3] W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), F. Idzikowski (TUB), Equipment power consumption in optical multilayer networks - source data, Technical Report IBCN-12-001-01, January 2012.

4.2 Big picture on energy-aware adaptive routing in core transport networks based on IP and optical WDM

Several adaptive routing solutions in optical and electrical layer were proposed and evaluated during the first years of the project. In order to give a synthetic view of these algorithms, several partners and collaborating institutions (TUB, PoliTo, CNIT-PoliMi, CNIT-UniRoma, TID, Orange, IBBT, and HWDU) have associated their efforts to produce a joint paper entitled “TREND in Energy-Aware Adaptive Routing Solutions”. In this paper, the algorithms were compared on a common network scenario, and a global view of their complexity, impact on the network operation, requirements in terms of traffic knowledge, and control plane implementation was provided. This paper has recently been published in IEEE Communications Magazine.

[4] F. Idzikowski (TUB), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), L. Chiaraviglio (CNIT), A. Cianfrani (CNIT), A. Coiro (CNIT),

R. Duque (TID), F. Jiménez (TID), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), F. Musumeci (CNIT), W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), TREND in Energy-Aware Adaptive Routing Solutions, IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 51, .No. 11, November 2013.

4.3 Green content distribution

In this work, we built a global view of an Internet Service Provider (ISP) network considering content traffic as the main source of traffic and using in network caching to reduce the amount of transit traffic in the network. The global view of the network supposes that content coming from Content Providers (CPs) such as Google, Yahoo, Amazon, and Limelight are transiting from the data centers of large CPs that are located close to the internet peering point of the ISP. Therefore, this traffic has to traverse a number of hops in the ISP network before reaching the users. We studied the optimal content caching inside the ISP, rather than sending the content from the data centers to the users. In our scenario, we consider that the ISP network is based on a hierarchical logical topology composed of different levels (e.g. core, metro, and access) as illustrated in Figure 1. The study therefore integrates the whole operator transport equipment from DSLAM up to big exchange routers, and content servers and storage.

This study thus gives the big picture on the ISP network, however only one technique of network caching was integrated to improve its energy efficiency. In future work we have planned to include more techniques.

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Content provider data center

ISP network

Content

traffic

server and

storage

(a) (b)

Figure 2: (a) global ISP network architecture and (b) different caching level and illustration of the reduced volume of transported traffic in the network.

[5] R. Modrzejewski (INRIA), L. Chiaraviglio (CNIT), I. Tahiri (INRIA), F. Giroire (INRIA), E. Le Rouzic (Orange), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), F. Musumeci (POLIMI), R. Gonzalez (UC3M), C. Guerrero (UC3M), Energy Efficient Content Distribution in an ISP Network, Globecom 2013, to be published.

4.4 Big picture on optical networks

Figure 3 – Worldwide use phase electricity consumption of communication networks (columns, left axis) and share of networks in total worldwide electricity consumption (dotted line, right axis).[B]

The electricity consumption of communication networks has shown a growth rate of 10% per year over the last five years, with its relative contribution to the total worldwide electricity consumption increasing from 1.3% in 2007 to 1.8% in 2012 [B] (figure 3).

As the traffic volume and number of customers are still expected to grow in the next 10 years, the energy consumption of networks has become one of the most important issues for the community. In this context, partners from WP3 (core networks) and WP2 (access

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networks) have joined their efforts to build a big picture of the TREND energy efficient solutions focusing on optical networks: including core networks, optical access, as well as customer premises network equipment and data centers. The overview was given in a joint paper, and the big picture is illustrated in figure 4.

CoreMetroBackhaul

Packet (Aggregation)

BackhaulInternet

Data centers servers

IP / MPLS

Fixed access

Wireless access

Home

WDM WDM

Photonic solutions -60% to -90%

Packaging -20% to -50%

Virtualisation -30% to -60%

Sleep mode -30% to -60%

Efficient design -10 to -30%

Load adaptation -10 to -80%

Energy efficient protection -20% to -60%

CoreMetroBackhaul

Packet (Aggregation)

Backhaul

IP / MPLS

Fixed access

Efficient content distribution

up to –70%

Data centers servers

(a) (b)

Figure 4: (a) Generic operator network architecture and domains covered by the study (in blue color) and (b)summary of the estimated power reductions obtained on optical core, metro and access networks [6].

[6] E. Le Rouzic (Orange), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), L. Chiaraviglio (INRIA), F. Giroire (INRIA), F. Idzikowski (TUB), F. Jiménez (TID), C. Lange (DT), J. Montalvo (TID), F. Musumeci (CNIT), I. Tahiri (INRIA), A. Valenti (FUB), W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), Y. Ye (HWDU), A. Bianco (PoliTO), A. Pattavina (CNIT), TREND towards more energy-efficient optical networks, Optical Network Design and Modelling, Invited, Brest, France, April 2013.

4.5 Big picture on core networks

All partners from WP3 joined their efforts to give a vision of all energy efficient solution and their potential energy efficiency improvement in a joint paper that was recently published [7]. Summary of the estimated energy reductions is presented in figure 5.

Figure 5 – Summary of the estimated energy reductions presented in Genoa. [7].

[7] E. Le Rouzic (Orange), R. Indre (Orange), L. Chiaraviglio (CNIT), F. Musumeci (CNIT), A. Pattavina (CNIT), J. López Vizcaíno (HWDU), Y. Ye (HWDU), W. Van Heddeghem (iMinds), A. Bianco (PoliTO), E. Bonetto (PoliTO), M. Meo (PoliTO), F. Jiménez (TID), F. Idzikowski (TUB), R. Cuevas (UC3M), TREND Big Picture on Energy-Efficient Backbone Networks, 24th Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications (TIWDC'13), Genoa, Italy, September 2013.

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5. Summary of the papers and mobility actions

5.1 Published/submitted papers

Involved partners/Collaborating Institutions

Authors Title Conf/journal Date of presentation/ publication

HWDU, TID J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, F. Jiménez, P.M. Krummrich

Amplifier Placements Optimization for Enhanced Energy Efficiency in Optical Transport Networks

IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC) 2014, submitted

HWDU, TID J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, F. Jiménez, A. Macho, P. M. Krummrich

Optimized Amplifier Placements for Improved Energy and Spectral Efficiency in Protected Mixed-Line-Rate Networks

Optical Fiber Communications Conference (OFC) 2014, submitted

CNIT-Polimi, FW M. Gattulli, M. Tornatore, R. Fiandra, A. Pattavina

Low-Emissions Routing for Cloud Computing in IP-over-WDM Networks with Data Centers

Journal of Selected Areas in Communications, to be published

HWDU, TID, CNIT-Polimi

J. López. Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, V. López, F. Jiménez, F. Musumeci, M. Tornatore, A. Pattavina, P. Krummrich

Protection in Optical Transport Networks with Fixed and Flexible Grid: Cost and Energy Efficiency Evaluation

Optical Switching and Networking, Volume 11, Part A, Pages 55-71

January 2014

INRIA, CNIT-UniRoma1, Orange, PolitTO, UC3M (WP1, WP3, WP4 and WP5

R. Modrzejewski, L. Chiaraviglio, I. Tahiri, F. Giroire, E. Le Rouzic, E. Bonetto, F. Musumeci, R. Gonzalez, C. Guerrero

Energy Efficient Content Distribution in an ISP Network,

Globecom, to be published December 2013

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CNIT-UniRoma1, HWDU, iMinds, Orange, PoliTo, TID, TUB

F. Idzikowski, E. Bonetto, L. Chiaraviglio, A. Cianfrani, A. Coiro, R. Duque, F. Jiménez, E. Le Rouzic, F. Musumeci, W. Van Heddeghem, J. López Vizcaíno, and Y. Ye

TREND in Energy-Aware Adaptive Routing Solutions

IEEE Communications Magazine

November 2013

CNIT-UniRoma1, PoliTo, TUB

A. Ahmad, A. Bianco, E. Bonetto, L. Chiaraviglio, and F. Idzikowski

Energy-Aware Design of Multilayer Core Networks

IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking

October 2013

iMinds, TUB, CNIT-PoliMi, (WP1 and WP3)

W. Van Heddeghem, F. Musumeci, F. Idzikowski, A. Pattavina, B. Lannoo, D. Colle, and M. Pickavet

Power Consumption Evaluation of Circuit-Switched Versus Packet-Switched Optical Backbone Networks

IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (OnlineGreenComm)

October 2013

PoliTO, CNIT, TUB A. Ahmad, A. Bianco, E. Bonetto, L.Chiaraviglio, F Idzikowski

Energy-Aware Design of Multilayer Core Networks

IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking, Vol. 5, No. 10, pp. A127-A143

October 2013.

CNIT-PoliMi, CNIT-UniRoma1, HWDU, iMinds, Orange, PoliTo, TID, TUB, UC3M

E. Le Rouzic, R. Indre, L. Chiaraviglio, F. Musumeci, A. Pattavina, J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, W. Van Heddeghem, A. Bianco, E. Bonetto, M. Meo, F. Jiménez, F. Idzikowski, and R. Cuevas

TREND Big Picture on Energy-Efficient Backbone Networks

Tyrrhenian International Workshop on Digital Communications (TIWDC), Genoa, Italy

September 2013

HWDU, TID J. López Vizcaíno, P. Soto, Y. Ye, F. Jiménez, P. Krummrich

Energy-efficient and Low Blocking Probability Differentiated Quality of Protection Scheme for Dynamic Elastic Optical Networks

International Conference on Software, Telecommunications and Computer Networks (SoftCOM), Split, Croatia

September 2013

HWDU J. Mata, J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, I. Tafur Monroy

Influence of Embodied Energy in the Energy Efficiency of Optical Transport Networks

European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC), London, UK

September 2013

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HWDU, TID

J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, F. Jiménez, P. Krummrich

Energy and Cost-Efficient Protection in Core Networks by a Differentiated Quality of Protection Scheme

European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC), London, UK

September 2013

UTH, iMinds (WP1 and WP3)

D. Hatzopoulos, I. Koutsopoulos, G. Koutitas and W. Van Heddeghem

Dynamic Virtual Machine Allocation in Cloud Server Facility Systems with Renewable Energy Sources

IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Budapest, Hungary

June 2013

INRIA, Orange, TID, TUB

F. Idzikowski, L. Chiaraviglio, R. Duque, F. Jiménez, and E. Le Rouzic

Green Horizon: Looking At Backbone Networks in 2020 From the Perspective of Network Operators

IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Budapest, Hungary

June 2013

CNIT-PoliMi, FW F. Musumeci, M. Tornatore, M. Riunno, A. Pattavina

A Blocking Analysis for Green WDM Networks with Transponder Power Management

International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), Cartagena, Spain

June 2013

Orange, PoliTo, TUB E. Bonetto, L. Chiaraviglio, F. Idzikowski, and E. Le Rouzic

Algorithms for the Multi-Period Power-Aware Logical Topology Design with Reconfiguration Costs

IEEE/OSA Journal of Optical Communications and Networking Vol. 5, No. 5, pp. 394-410

May 2013

ICAR-CNR, PoliTO C. Mastroianni, M. Meo, G. Papuzzo Analysis of a Self-Organizing Algorithm for Energy Saving in Data Centers

High-Performance, Power-Aware Computing, Boston, USA

May 2013

CNIT-UniRoma1, DT, FUB, HWDU, iMinds, INRIA, Orange, PoliTo, TID, TUB (WP1, WP2 and WP3)

E. Le Rouzic, E. Bonetto, L. Chiaraviglio, F. Giroire, F. Idzikowski, F. Jiménez, C. Lange, J. Montalvo, F. Musumeci, I. Tahiri, A. Valenti, W. Van Heddeghem, Y. Ye, A. Bianco, and A. Pattavina

TREND towards more energy-efficient optical networks

International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM) Brest, France

April 2013

HWDU, TID, CNIT-PoliMi

J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, V. López, F. Jiménez, R. Duque, F. Musumeci, A. Pattavina, P. Krummrich

Differentiated Quality of Protection to Improve Energy Efficiency of Survivable Optical Transport Networks

Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition OFC/NFOEC, Anaheim, USA

March 2013

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PoliTO A. Bianco, E. Bonetto, A. Ahmad Energy awareness in the design of optical core networks

Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition OFC/NFOEC, Anaheim, USA

March 2013


J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, F. Jiménez, R. Duque, F. Musumeci, M. Tornatore, A. Pattavina, P. Krummrich

Quality of protection schemes with extended flexibility for improved energy efficiency in transport networks

Workshop on Design of Reliable Communication Networks (DRCN), Budapest, Hungary

March 2013

HWDU, TID J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, V. López, F. Jiménez, R. Duque, I. T. Monroy, P. Krummrich

Energy Efficiency Improvement with the Innovative Flexible-grid Optical Transport Network

Green Networking and Communications book

March 2013

CNIT-PoliMi, HWDU

F. Musumeci, M. Tornatore, J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, A. Pattavina

Energy-Efficiency of Protected IP-over-WDM Networks with Sleep-Mode Devices

Journal of High Speed Networks, Vol. 19, No. 1, pp. 19-32

January 2013

PoliTo W. Fang, X. Liang, S. Li, L. Chiaraviglio, N. Xiong

VMPlanner: Optimizing Virtual Machine Placement and Traffic Flow Routing to Reduce Network Power Costs in Cloud Data Centers

Computer Networks, , Vol. 57, No. 1, pp. 179-196

January 2013

iMinds S. Aleksic, W. Van Heddeghem, M. Pickavet,

Scalability and Power Consumption of Static Optical Core Networks

IEEE Globecom, Anaheim, USA

December 2012

HWDU, TID J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, V. López, F. Jiménez, R. Duque, P. Krummrich

Cost Evaluation for Flexible-Grid Optical Networks

IEEE Globecom, Anaheim, USA

December 2012

iMinds M. C. Parker, R. Martin, S. D. Walker, W. Van Heddeghem, B. Lannoo

Energy-Efficient Master-Slave Edge-Router Upgrade Paths in Active Remote Nodes of Next-Generation Optical Access

ACP (Asia Communications and Photonics Conference), Guangzhou, China

November 2012


J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, F. Jiménez, R. Duque, P. Krummrich, F. Musumeci, M. Tornatore, A. Pattavina

Traffic and Power-Aware Protection Scheme in Elastic Optical Networks

Networks 2012 October 2012

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CNIT, FUB A. Coiro, M. Listanti, A. Valenti Impact of Energy-Aware Topology Design and Adaptive Routing at Different Layers in IP over WDM networks

Networks 2012 October 2012

iMinds, TUB (WP1 and WP3)

W. Van Heddeghem, F. Idzikowski, W. Vereecken, D. Colle, M. Pickavet, and P. Demeester

Power consumption modeling in optical multilayer networks

Photonic Network Communications

October 2012

iMinds, Orange, TUB (WP1 and WP3)

W. Van Heddeghem, F. Idzikowski, E. Le Rouzic, J. Y. Mazeas, H. Poignant , S. Salaun, B. Lannoo, and D. Colle

Evaluation of Power Rating of Core Network Equipment in Practical Deployments

IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (GreenCom)

September 2012

CNIT-PoliMi, HWDU

F. Musumeci, M. Tornatore, J. López Vizcaino, Y. Ye, A. Pattavina

Power-Aware Design of Protected IP-over-WDM Networks with Sleep-mode Devices,

IEEE Online Conference on Green Communications (GreenCom)

September 2012

HWDU, CNIT-PoliMi

J. López. Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, V. López, F. Jiménez, R. Duque, P. Krummrich

On the Energy Efficiency of Survivable Optical Transport Networks with Flexible-grid,

European Conference and Exhibition on Communications (ECOC), Amsterdam, The Netherlands

September 2012

Orange, PoliTo, TID, TUB

F. Idzikowski, R. Duque, F. Jiménez, E. Le Rouzic, L. Chiaraviglio, and M. Ajmone Marsan

Energy Saving in Optical Operator Networks: the Challenges, the TREND Vision, and Some Results

European Conference and Exhibition on Communications (ECOC) Amsterdam, The Netherlands,

September 2012

PoliTO, CNIT L. Chiaraviglio, A. Cianfrani On the Effectiveness of Sleep Modes in Backbone Networks with Limited Configurations


September 2012

PoliTO, Orange E. Bonetto, A. Triki, E. Le Rouzic, B. Arzur, P. Gavignet

Circuit Switching and Time-domain Optical Sub-wavelength Switching Technologies: Evaluations on the Power Consumption


September 2012

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IMDEA, UC3M (WP2 and WP3)

K. Verma, G. Rizzo, A. Fernandez-Anta, R. Cuevas-Rumin, A. Azcorra

Greening the Internet: Energy-Optimal File Distribution

IEEE International Symposium on Network Computing and Applications

August 2012

CNIT, FUB A. Coiro, M. Listanti, T. Squarcia, A. Valenti, F. Matera

Energy-Minimised Virtual Topology Design in IP over WDM Backbone Networks

IET Optoelectronics, Vol. 6, No. 4, pp. 165 - 172

August 2012

UC3M I. Martinez, R. Gonzalez, C. Guerrero

, Validation of H-P2PSIP, a scalable solution for interoperability among different overlay networks

Elsevier Journal on Peer-to-Peer Networking and Applications

July 2012

HWDU J. López Vizcaíno, Y. Ye, I. T. Monroy

Energy Efficiency Analysis for Dynamic Routing in Optical Transport Networks

IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Ottawa, Canada

June 2012

CNIT, PoliTO, Orange

A. P. Bianzino, C. Chaudet, S. Moretti, J. L. Rougier, L. Chiaraviglio, E. Le Rouzic

Enabling Sleep Mode in Backbone IP-Networks: a Criticality-Driven Tradeoff


June 2012

CNIT, FW F. Musumeci, D. Siracusa, G. Rizzelli, R. Fiandra, M. Tornatore, A. Pattavina

On the Energy Consumption of IP-over-WDM Architectures


June 2012

CNIT, FW M. Gattulli, M. Tornatore, R. Fiandra, A. Pattavina

Low-Carbon Routing Algorithms for Cloud Computing Services in IP-over-WDM Networks


June 2012


Energy Efficiency Analysis for Flexible-grid OFDM-based Optical Networks

Computer Networks, Vol. 56, No. 10, pp. 2400-2419

June 2012

PoliTo, TUB F. Idzikowski, L. Chiaraviglio, and E. Bonetto

EWA: an Adaptive Algorithm for Energy Saving in IP-over-WDM Networks

European Conference on Network and Optical Communications (NOC) Vilanova i la Geltru, Spain

June 2012

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iMinds (WP1 and WP3)

W. Van Heddeghem, M. C. Parker, S. Lambert, W. Vereecken, B. Lannoo, D. Colle, M. Pickavet, and P. Demeester

Using an Analytical Power Model to Survey Power Saving Approaches in Backbone Networks

European Conference on Network and Optical Communications (NOC) Vilanova i la Geltru, Spain

June 2012

PoliTO A. Bianco, P. Giaccone, N. Li Exploiting Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling in Networks on Chip

IEEE 13th Conference on High Performance Switching and Routing (HPSR), Belgrade, Serbia

June 2012

PoliTO, BU L. Chiaraviglio, I. Matta Energy-Aware Network Management and Content Distribution

Green Communications: Theoretical Fundamentals, Algorithms, and Applications, CRC Press / Taylor & Francis Group

May 2012

PoliTo, TUB F. Idzikowski, L. Chiaraviglio, and F. Portoso

Optimal Design of Green Multi-layer Core Networks

International Conference on Future Energy Systems (e-Energy)

May 2012

PoliTo, TUB F. Idzikowski, E. Bonetto, and L. Chiaraviglio

EWA – an Adaptive Algorithm Using Watermarks for Energy Saving in IP-over-WDM Networks

Technical Report TKN-12-002 May 2012

Orange, INRIA D. Cuda, R. Indre, E. Le Rouzic, J. Roberts

Getting Routers out of the Core: Building an all-Optical Network with "Multipaths"

International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM), Colchester, UK

April 2012

CNIT, FW F. Musumeci, M. Tornatore, R. Fiandra, A. Pattavina

The role of network topology on the energy efficiency of IP-over-WDM architectures

International Conference on Optical Network Design and Modeling (ONDM), Colchester, UK

April 2012

CNIT-PoliMi F. Musumeci, M. Tornatore, A. Pattavina

A power consumption analysis for IP-over-WDM core network architectures

IEEE/OSA Journal on Optical Communications and Networking, Vol. 4, No. 2, pp. 108-117

February 2012

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W. Van Heddeghem F. Idzikowski, W. Vereecken, D. Colle, M. Pickavet, P. Demeester

Power consumption modeling in optical multilayer networks.

Photonic Network Communications, Vol. 24, No. 2, pp. 86-102

October 2012


W. Van Heddeghem and F. Idzikowski

Equipment power consumption in optical multilayer networks - source data

Technical Report IBCN-12-001-01

January 2012

ICAR-CNR C. Comito, D. Falcone, D. Talia, P. Trunfio

Energy Efficient Task Allocation over Mobile Networks

International Conference on Cloud and Green Computing (CGC 2011), pp. 380-387, Australia

December 2011


Energy Efficiency in Elastic-Bandwidth Optical Networks

2nd IFIP international conference Network of the Future, pp. 107-111, Paris

November 2011

Orange, PoliTo, TUB E. Bonetto, L. Chiaraviglio, D. Cuda, F. Idzikowski, and F. Neri

Exploiting Traffic Dynamics in Power-Aware Logical Topology Design

European Conference and Exhibition on Communications (ECOC), Geneva, Switzerland

September 2011

PoliTo L. Chiaraviglio, M. Mellia, F. Neri Minimizing ISP Network Energy Cost: Formulation and Solutions

IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking

July 2011

TUB, ZIB F. Idzikowski, S. Orlowski, C. Raack, H. Woesner, and A. Wolisz

Dynamic routing at different layers in IP-over-WDM networks – Maximizing energy savings

Optical Switching and Networking

July 2011

CNIT-PoliMi F. Musumeci, F. Vismara, V. Grkovic, M. Tornatore, A. Pattavina

On the Energy Efficiency of Optical Transport with Time Driven Switching

IEEE International Conference on Communications (ICC), Kyoto, Japan

June 2011

iMinds (WP1 and WP3)

W. Van Heddeghem, W. Vereecken, D. Colle, M. Pickavet, and P. Demeester

Distributed Computing for Carbon Footprint Reduction by Exploiting Low-Footprint Energy Availability

Future Generation Computer Systems

May 2011

PoliTO, BU L. Chiaraviglio, I. Matta An Energy-Aware Distributed Approach for Content and Network Management

IEEE INFOCOM 2011 Workshop on Green Communications and Networking, Shanghai, China

April 2011

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UC3M, TID (WP1 WP3)

R. Cuevas, N. Laoutaris, Y. Xiao, G. Siganos, R. Pablo

Deep Diving into BitTorrent Locality IEEE International Conference on Computer Communications (IEEE INFOCOM 2011), Shanghai, China

April 2011

PoliTO L. Chiaraviglio, D. Ciullo, M. Mellia, M. Meo

Modeling Sleep Modes Gains with Random Graphs

IEEE INFOCOM 2011 Workshop on Green Communications and Networking, Shanghai, China

April 2011

UC3M, IMDEA (WP5 and WP3)

R. Cuevas, A. Cuevas, M. Urueña, A. Banchs

Applying Low Discrepancy Sequences for Node-ID Assignment in P2PSIP

IEEE Communications Letter, Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 256 - 258

February 2011

UC3M, IMDEA (WP5 and WP3)

R. Cuevas, M. Kryczka, A. Cuevas, S. Kaune, C. Guerrero, R. Rejaie

Is Content Publishing in BitTorrent Altruistic or Profit-Driven?

The ACM 6th International Conference on Emerging Networking EXperiments and Technologies (CoNEXT), Philadelphia, USA

December 2010

CNIT, CNIT-UniRoma1 (WP1 and WP3 )

R. Bolla, R. Bruschi, A. Cianfrani, M. Listanti

Introducing Standby Capabilities into Next-Generation Network Devices

PRESTO '10 Proceedings of the Workshop on Programmable Routers for Extensible Services of Tomorrow, Philadelphia, USA

November 2010

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5.2 Mobility actions

Involved partners

Person Topic Period

PoliTo, TUB Francesco Portoso Energy-aware network topology design 02/03/2011 – 30/06/2011

TUB, Orange Filip Idzikowski Reduction of power consumption in IP-over-WDM networks - heuristics, routing and power consumption of single devices

11/04/2011 – 15/04/2011

Orange, TID Esther Le Rouzic Optical burst switching and optical subwavelength switching potential for power consumption reduction

28/09/2011 – 28/09/2011

PoliTO, Orange Edoardo Bonetto Study on the electrical consumption in optical core and metro networks and impact of new sub-wavelength optical switching technologies

03/10/2011 – 08/04/2012

Orange PoliTo Raluca-Maria Indre Evaluating the power consumption of proposed solutions for metropolitan area networks

19/10/2011 – 19/12/2011

UC3M, PoliTo Roberto Gonzalez Greening the Networking Infrastructure of OSNs 20/11/2011 – 03/12/2011

TUB, PoliTo Filip Idzikowski Power consumption in IP-over-WDM networks - design and heuristics

16/01/2012 – 20/01/2012

ICAR-CNR, PoliTo

Carlo Mastroianni Energy Saving in Data Centers and Cloud Computing 26/01/2012 – 28/01/2012

Orange, TUB, iMinds

Filip Idzikowski, Esther Le Rouzic

Power consumption of IP-over-WDM network devices - theory vs. practice (WP1 and WP3)

16/02/2012 – 16/02/2012

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CNIT-PoliMi, TUB

Francesco Musumeci Energy-efficient use of network core resources 23/04/2012 – 24/04/2012

PoliTo, CNIT Luca Chiaraviglio Energy-Aware Algorithms for Backbone Networks 05/05/2012 – 08/05/2012

HWDU, TID Jorge Lopez Vizcaino Energy Efficiency Analysis for Protection/Restoration in Optical Networks

07/05/2012 – 25/05/2012

TUB, TID Filip Idzikowski Simple power adaptive mechanism for power saving in IP-over-WDM operator networks

08/05/2012 – 08/05/2012

Orange, TID Bernard Arzur Subwavelength photonic switching equipment evaluation in TID Lab

03/07/2012 – 05/07/2012

PoliTo, INRIA Luca Chiaraviglio Greening Content Distribution 12/07/2012 – 17/07/2012

HWDU, CNIT Jorge Lopez Vizcaino Energy Efficient Differentiated Quality of Protection 11/11/2012 – 23/11/2012

INRIA, CNIT Luca Chiaraviglio Sleep mode and failures: is there a tradeoff? 12/11/2012 – 13/11/2012

INRIA, PoliTo Luca Chiaraviglio Energy-Efficien Design of Core Networks 25/01/2013 – 25/01/2013

ZIB, TUB Axel Werner, Inken Olthoff, Frank Pfeuffer

Traffic and energy consumption in IP-over-WDM networks -- design, heuristics and physical constraints

04/03/2013 – 01/11/2013 (long-term regular exchange)

TUB, CNIT-UniRoma1, FUB

Filip Idzikowski TESM and FUFL on the FUB testbed (WP3 and WP4) 16/03/2013 – 20/03/2013

TUB, DT Filip Idzikowski Traffic and energy saving in IP-over-WDM networks 10/04/2013 – 26/11/2013

HWDU, TID Jorge Lopez Vizcaino Extension of Energy-efficient Differentiated Quality of Protection Schemes

16/05/2013 – 31/05/2013

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TUB, PoliTo Filip Idzikowski Energy-aware design of IP-over-WDM networks, experimental activities, big picture, and teaching on metro/core networks (WP3 and WP4)

01/07/2013 – 04/07/2013

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6. Conclusions The works within the technical domains of WP3 have enabled many joint activities

among partners and collaborating activities. This has been fruitful in terms of technical achievements proven by the large amount of produced papers most of which were joint works.

0

5

10

15

20

25

30

35

Meetings Conf calls Single partner papers

Multiple partnerspapers

Mobility actions

Number

Year 1 Year 2 Year 3

Figure 6 – Amount of papers and mobility actions produced each year and amount of meetings and conf calls.

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

14

16

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Number

Number of partners / collaborating institutions


Figure 7 – Number of partners and collaborating institutions per produced paper.

Figure 1 and 2 show that the amount of joint papers has grown each year proving the good collaboration among partners and collaborating institutions. The amount of partner/ collaborating institution per paper has also grown from maximum two in Year 1 to ten in Year 3. The collaboration graph illustrates the joint activities during the whole project duration.


Meetings 2 3 2

Conf calls 5 9 1

Single partner papers

4 9 5

Multiple partners papers

5 14 30

Mobility actions

2 14 11

Nb of partners/Collabo

rating Institutions

Year 1

Year 2

Year 3

1 4 9 5

2 5 12 15

3 0 2 9

4 0 0 2

5 0 0 1

6 0 0 0

7 0 0 1

8 0 0 0

9 0 0 1

10 0 0 1

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PoliTo

HWDU

TID

Orange

TUB

UC3M

UTH

iMinds

BU

IMDEA

CNIT

INRIA

TUD

FUB

DT

ICAR-CNR

IHU

FW

ZIB

Figure 8 – Collaboration graph.

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7. List of Acronyms

ADSL Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Line

CAGR Compound Annual Growth Rate

CDN Content Delivery Networks

CIs Collaborating Institutions

CP Content Provider

DSLAM Digital Subscriber Line Access Multiplexer

DWDM Dense WDM

EO Electrical to Optical

EON Elastic Optical Network

FTTH Fiber To The Home

ICT Information and communication technologies

ILP Integer Linear Programming

IP Internet Protocol

IRA Integrated Research Action

ISP Internet Service Provider

IT Information Technology

ITU International Telecommunication Union

ITU-T Telecommunication Standardization Sector

MAN Metropolitan Area Network

OE Optical to Electrical

OEO Optical to Electrical to Optical

OFDM Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing

OSN Online Social Network

OXC Optical cross-connect

QoS Quality of Service

SDH Synchronous Digital Hierarchy

SLPSN Sub-Lambda Photonically Switched Networks

VM Virtual Machine

WDM Wavelength Division Multiplexing

WP Work Package

d3.7 integration and spreading of excellence results ... · d3.7 integration and spreading of...

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