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DESCRIPTION
dTRANSCRIPT
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THE MASTICATORY
APPARATUS
B. L. Manion, Ph.D.
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OBJECTIVES
Be able to describe the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
Be able to describe the attachments, function, innervation and vascularization
of the muscles of mastication.
Be able to describe the oral cavity.
Be able to describe the structure and function of the tongue.
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OBJECTIVES
Be able to describe the adult dentition.
Be able to describe the attachments, function, innervation and vascularization
of the muscles of the tongue.
Be able to describe the structure, function, innervation and vascularization
of the salivary glands.
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THE TEMPOROMANBIBULAR JOINT
Body
Ramus
Coronoid process Head
Condyloid
process
Neck
Insertion of Temporalis M.
Angle
Insertion of Masseter M.
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
A modified hinge joint
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THE TEMPOROMANBIBULAR JOINT
Mental spine
Mandibular
foramen
Insertion of
Medial
Pterygoid M.
Entrance to
mandibular canal
Origin of Geniohyoid
and Genioglossus MM.
Mylohyoid line
Origin of Mylohyoid M.
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
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THE TEMPOROMANBIBULAR JOINT
Mandibular fossa
of temporal bone
Articular process
of temporal bone
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THE TEMPOROMANBIBULAR JOINT
Mandible
elevated,
mouth
closed
Mandibular
fossa
Head of
mandible
Articular
process
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THE TEMPOROMANBIBULAR JOINT
Mandibular
fossa
Articular
process
Head of
mandible
Mandible
depressed,
mouth
open
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THE TEMPOROMANBIBULAR JOINT
Fibrocartilaginous
Disc
Capsule
Divides joint space into
two separate cavities
Articular cartilage
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
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THE TEMPOROMANBIBULAR JOINT
Temporomandibular
ligament
Stylomandibular
ligament
A thickening in the capsule,
an intrinsic ligament
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
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THE TEMPOROMANBIBULAR JOINT
Sphenomandibular
ligament
Stylomandibular
ligament
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
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MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
Temporalis m.
Masseter m.
Originates from floor
of temporal fossa and
temporal fascia and
inserts into coronoid
process and ramus of
mandible
Originates from zygomatic
arch and inserts into
external surface of angle of
mandible
COA5LWW
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MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
Temporalis m.
Retract
Elevate
Elevate
The elevation of the
mandible by the
temporalis and
masseter muscles
results in a
crushing of food
particles between
the teeth. the
retraction of the
mandible by the
temporalis muscle
reseats the head of
the mandible into
the mandibular
fossa.
COA5LWW
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MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
Medial pterygoid m.
Elevate
Originates from medial aspect
of lateral pterygoid plate and
inserts on inner surface of
mandibular angle
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
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MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
Medial pterygoid m. Medial pterygoid m.
O.
O.
I.
Medial
Masseter m. Masseter m.
Lateral Lateral
The lateral and medial
motions of the mandible
produced by the actions of
the masseter and medial
pterygoid muscles on
alternate sides results in a
grinding of food particles
between the cusps of the
teeth
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MUSCLES OF MASTICATION
The action of the
lateral pterygoid
muscles produces
protraction of the
mandible (an anterior
motion) resulting in the
sliding of the head of
the mandible forwards
and ending up inferior
to the articular
process. This process
is necessary to open
the mandible
O.
Protract
Originates from lateral surface of lateral
pterygoid plate and inserts on neck of the
mandible and the disc and capsule of the TMJ
Lateral pterygoid m.
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
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ORAL CAVITY
Palatoglossal
arch
Soft palate
Hard palate
Uvula
Palatopharyngeal
arch
Palatine tonsil
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
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ORAL CAVITY
Buccal cavity or
vestibule,
between the
cheeks and
gums laterally
and between
the lips and
teeth anteriorly
Oral cavity proper
Tongue
Floor Mylohyoid m.
Hard palate Food particle
held between
molars by the
coordinated
actions of the
tongue and
buccinator
muscle
Buccinator
m. (cheek
m.)
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
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ORAL CAVITY
Oropharynx Oral cavity
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
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THE TEETH
Distal
Vestibular
3 Molars
1 Canine
1+2+2+3 = 8 x 4 = 32
Lower right
quadrant
lower left
quadrant
2 Incisors
2 Bicuspids
Mesial
Oral
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
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THE TEETH
Crown
Neck
Root
Alveolar bone of
maxillae or mandible
Pulp cavity
Dental
ligaments
Alveolar arteries and nerves Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
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THE TEETH
Inferior alveolar n.
Maxillary n.
(maxillary
division of
CN V)
Infraorbital n.
Superior
alveolar
nerves
Mandibular n.
(mandibular
division of CN V)
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
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THE TONGUE
Pharyngeal tongue
(posterior 1/3rd)
Sulcus terminalis
Median furrow
Oral tongue
(anterior 2/3rds)
Palatoglossal fold
Lingual tonsil
Palatopharyngeal
fold
Circumvallate papillae
Palatine tonsil
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
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THE TONGUE
Frenulum Sublingual papilla One or more ports for the submandibular gland
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
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THE TONGUE
Hyoglossus m.
Palatoglossus m. (CN X)
Extrinsic muscles, all
innervated by
hypoglossal n. (CN XII)
except palatoglossus
Genioglossus m.
Styloglossus m.
originates from mental spine and
body of hyoid bone - inserts into
body of tongue - protrudes,
depresses and wags tongue side
to side
originates from
styloid process -
inserts into posterior
sides of tongue -
retrudes tongue and
elevates posterior
edges to form a
trough
originates from body and greater horn of hyoid
bone - inserts into posterior sides of tongue -
retrudes and depresses tongue
originates from soft palate -
inserts into posterolateral
body - elevates posterior
tongue or depresses soft
palate
Body of tongue comprised
of intrinsic muscles CN XII
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
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THE TONGUE
Genioglossus m.
Transverse fibers
Longitudinal fibers
Intrinsic muscles, all
innervated by the
Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
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THE TONGUE
Sensory Innervation
Pharyngeal tongue -
posterior 1/3rd
General Sensory:
Glossopharyngeal N. (CN IX)
Special Sensory:
Glossopharyngeal N. (CN IX)
Oral tongue - anterior 2/3rds
General Sensory: Mandibular N. (V3)
via Lingual N.
Special Sensory: Facial Nerve
(CNVII) via Chorda Tympani N.
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
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THE TONGUE
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THE SALIVARY GLANDS
Parotid gland (CN IX)
Parotid duct
Buccinator m.
Accessory parotid
gland
Parotid duct
penetrating
buccinator m.
opposite the
upper 2nd molar
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
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THE SALIVARY GLANDS
Submandibular gland (CN VII)
Mandible
Mylohyoid M.(V3)
Anterior belly of
digastric m. (V3)
Facial artery
Facial vein
Parotid gland
(CN IX)
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM
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THE SALIVARY GLANDS
Submandibular gland
Submandibular
duct
Sublingual
gland
Openings of
sublingual gland
Lingual n.
Sublingual papilla
Mylohyoid M.
Hyoid Bone Genioglossus
M. cut away
Medial Pterygoid
M. cut away
Sobotta, Atlas of Human Anatomy,
13th English Ed., version 1, CD-ROM