dadi institute of engineering & technologydiet.edu.in/questionbanks/iv btech i...

DADI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY (Approved by A.I.C.T.E., New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUK, Kakinada)

An ISO 9001:2008, ISO 14001:2004 & OHSAS 18001:2007 Certified Institute.

NH-5, Anakapalle – 531002, Visakhapatnam, A.P.

Phone: 08924-221111 / 221122/9963981111, www.diet.edu.in, E-mail: [email protected]

Course :B.Tech. Branch : ECE Year/Semester : IV/I Academic Year : 2017-18

Faculty Name : K. Sri Lakshmi Subject : Computer Networks Admitted Batch : 2014

QUESTION BANK

UNIT-1 : INTRODUCTION

1. a. What are the different categories of Networks? Compare them. [5 Marks]

b. Explain about Network topologies? [5 Marks]

2. a. Explain about different layers of the OSI model. [5 Marks]

b. Write a short note on ARPANET. [5 Marks]

3. a. Write a short note on INTERNET. [5 Marks]

b. Explain the protocol stack of TCP/IP. [5 Marks]

4. a. Write a short note on Novel Network? [5 Marks]

b. Write about the difference between OSI and TCP model? [5 Marks]

5. a. List and explain the five components of a data communication system. [5 Marks]

b. List out the difference between Logical, Physical & Port Addresses. [5 Marks]

UNIT-II : PHYSICAL LAYER

1. a. What are the roles of a Physical Layer? [3 Marks]

b. Detailed explanation about Un-Guided Media? [7 Marks]

2. a. Explain the working function of Circuit Switching. What are the advantages

and disadvantages of it ? [5 Marks]

b. Discuss about Packet Switching? [5 Marks]

3. a. Discuss about Encoding methods? [5 Marks]

b. Briefly describe about ATM. [5 Marks]

4. a. Write the differences between Twisted Pair,Coaxial and Fiber Optical Cables[5 Marks]

b. Briefly describe Broad Band and Narrow band ISDN. [5 Marks]

5. a. Explain about Guided Media with neat diagrams. [6 Marks]

b. Define Datagram .How Switching takes place in Datagram Networks? [4 Marks]





UNIT-III : DATA LINK LAYER

1 .a. Explain about Pure ALOHA & Slotted ALOHA? [5 Marks]

b. Write about Wireless LANS. [5 Marks]

2. a. What is the need for framing? What are the different framing techniques? [5 Marks]

b. Explain the working of Go-back-N ,Selective Repeat ARQ protocols with

Examples. [5 Marks]

3. a. What are the differences between Error Detection and Error Correction? [5 Marks]

b. What is CSMA? Bring out the differences between 1-persistent,

non-persistent, and p- persistent . [5 Marks]

4. a. What is Bridge. Explain about types of Bridges . [5 Marks]

b. How CRC is used for error detection? Write algorithm for it.

Explain with an example. [5 Marks]

5. a. Explain basic IEEE 802.3 Ethernet MAC Data Frame. [5 Marks]

b. Discuss about the architecture of IEEE 802.15. [5 Marks]

6. a. Explain the frame format and working of HDLC protocol. [5 Marks]

b. Write a short note on PPP. [5 Marks]

UNIT-IV : NETWORK LAYER

1. a. What are the Services provided by Network layer to the Transport layer. [5 Marks]

b. Write the differences between Virtual-Circuit and Datagram Subnets. [5 Marks]

2. a. Discuss about Link State Routing Algorithm with an example. [5 Marks]

b. Explain about IPV4. [5 Marks]

3. a. Explain about IP Addressing. [5 Marks]

b. Discuss about Congestion Control Techniques. [5 Marks]

4. a. What is Routing? Explain about Hierarchical Routing . [5 Marks]

b. Explain about Multicasting and Broadcast Routing Algorithm [5 Marks]

5. a. Discuss about Distance Vector Routing Algorithm with an example. [5 Marks]

b. Explain about IPV6. [5 Marks]

6. a. Explain about Shortest Path Routing. [5 Marks]

b. Explain general principals of Congestion Prevention Policies. [5 Marks]





UNIT-V : TRANSPORT LAYER

1. a. Explain about TCP Protocol Packet format . [6 Marks]

b. What are the services of Transport Layer. [4 Marks]

2. a. Discuss about UDP Protocol Packet format . [5 Marks]

b. Write the difference between TCP and UDP. [5 Marks]

3. a. Explain about Two way handshaking Technique. [5 Marks]

b. Write about the TCP Connection Establishment and Connection Release. [5 Marks]

4. a. Discuss about ATM AAL protocol formats. [10 Marks]

5. a. Explain how TCP controls congestion. [5 Marks]

b. Explain about Three way handshaking Technique. [5 Marks]

UNIT -VI : APPLICATION LAYER

1. a. Explain in detail about WWW. [6 Marks]

b. Explain the importance of the Application layer. [4 Marks]

2. a. Explain about SNMP architecture in detail. [7 Marks]

b. Write about SMTP. [3 Marks]

3. a. Write in detail about E-Mail architecture. [7 Marks]

b. Write about Uniform Resource Locator (URL) in HTTP. [3 Marks]

4. a. Explain briefly about DNS. [6 Marks]

b. Write about Telnet. [4 Marks]

5. a. Explain about Network Security. [5 Marks]

b. Write a short note on Multimedia. [5 Marks]

Signature of the Faculty






Faculty Name : A.Vasudeva Rao Subject : Computer Organization and Architecture

Admitted Batch : 2014

QUESTION BANK

UNIT-1 1. Perform the arithmetic operations:

a. (+52) + (-13) b. (-52) - (-13) c. (-24) + (14) d. (24) + (14) using 2’s complement method. [10 Marks]

2. a) Draw the block diagram of a computer system and explain each of its parts along with their functions [5 Marks]

b) Explain about various buses. [5 Marks] 3. a) Explain about floating-point representation with example b)What is a bus? What are

the different buses in a CPU? [10 Marks] 4. a)Explain Multiple bus organization. [5 Marks] b)Explain how basic operations are done in integer representation and floating point

representation? [5 Marks]

5. a) Explain Booth multiplication algorithm . [5 Marks] b) Use Booth multiplication algorithm perform the multiplication on the following 6-bit

unsigned integer110011 * 101100. [5 Marks]

UNIT-II

1. a) Explain about 4-bit arithmetic circuit with neat diagram. [5 Marks]

b) Explain about logic microperations. [5 Marks]

2. a) Draw and explain about Arithmetic Logic Shift Unit. [5 Marks] b) Explain about different registers. [5 Marks]

3.a)What is the need for various addressing modes? Explain various addressing modes. [5 Marks]

b)Define 3-address,2-address,1-address,0-address instruction with example. [5 Marks]

4. Define instruction cycle. Explain the fetch and decode cycles for a register transfer

Statements show how the register transfer statements are implemented in the bus System. Draw the flowchart for instruction cycle. [10 Marks]

5. a) Explain about memory reference instructions. [5 Marks]

b)Explain about RISC . [5 Marks]





UNIT-III

1. a) Define the following:

i. Micro operation ii. Micro instruction iii. Micro program iv. Control memory. [5 Marks]

b) Explain the selection of address for control memory? [5 Marks]

2. a) Explain the organization of Micro programmed control unit in detail. [5 Marks] b) Give the typical horizontal and vertical microinstruction formats. [5 Marks]

3. a)What is hardwired control? List the differences between hardwired control and micro programmed control? [5 Marks] b)What is micro programmed control? Explain the organization of Micro programmed

control unit in detail. [5 Marks]

4.a)Write short notes on micro instruction sequencing. [5 Marks] b) What are the design goals for a designer while deciding a hardwired or micro

programmed CU for a CPU. [5 Marks]

UNIT-IV

1. a) What is Virtual Memory? What are the issues behind the usage of this technique? [5 Marks] b) Explain the direct mapping technique with example. [5 Marks]

2. a) Explain the self-associative mapping technique with about example. [5 Marks]

b) Write about magnetic tape. [5 Marks]

3. a) Explain the concept of memory hierarchy with a diagram. [5 Marks] b)Explain various mechanisms of mapping main memory address into cache memory address. [5 Marks]

4. a) Explain how the virtual address is converted into real address in a paged virtual

memory system. [5 Marks] b)Describe the organization of a typical RAM Chip. [5 Marks]

5. a) Explain about elements of Cache Design. [5 Marks] b) Explain a)ROM b)PROM c) EPROM d) EEPROM [5 Marks]





UNIT-V

1. Explain the following:

(i) Isolated Vs Memory mapped I/O [3 Marks] (ii) I/O Bus Vs Memory Bus [2 Marks] (iii)I/O Interface [3 Marks] (iv) Peripheral Devices [2 Marks]

2. a) Describe an asynchronous data transfer using hand shaking with the help of timing diagram. [5 Marks] b) What is Direct Memory Access? Explain the working of DMA. [5 Marks]

3. a) Discuss daisy-chain priority interrupt. [5 Marks]

b)What is an IOP? Outline the function performed by an IOP. Illustrate the architecture of an I/O Channel. [5 Marks]

4. a)What is priority handling desired in interrupt controllers? How do the different

Priority schemes work? [5 Marks] b) Describe an asynchronous data transfer using hand shaking with the help of timing diagram. [5 Marks]

5 a) Explain about IOP. [5 Marks]

b) Explain about Character oriented protocol and Bit Oriented Protocol. [5 Marks]

UNIT -VI

1. a) List and explain the advantages of multi processors. b)Write a short note on cache coherence. [10 Marks]

2. Briefly Explain about

a) Arithmetic Pipeline [5 Marks] b)Instruction Pipeline. [5 Marks]

3. a) Explain about Vector Processing. [5 Marks] b) Explain about RISC Pipeline. [5 Marks]

4. a) Explain the working of 8 x 8 Omega Switching network. [5 Marks]

b) Write short notes on inter processor communication. [5 Marks]

5. a) What is arbitration? List the differences between inter-process and inter-process arbitration [5 Marks]

b) What are the different interconnection structures used in multiprocessors?. Explain about multistage crossbar switch. [5 Marks]

Signature of the Faculty

DADI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY (Approved by A.I.C.T.E., New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUK, KAKINADA)




QUESTION BANK

Name of faculty: Mr. P. Ram Prasad Subject: Digital Image Processing

Year: IV / IV, I-Sem Branch: ECE

Regulation: R13 Academic Year: 2017-2018

MID -1 Unit – 1, 2, 3

Unit -1 Introduction and Image Transforms

1. a) How a digital image can be represented? Explain the effect of gray level resolution on

digital images? [6m]

b) Write any three properties of two dimensional Discrete Fourier transform. [4m]

2. a) Explain the various fields that uses Digital Image Processing?

b) Discus about Discrete Cosine Transform and write the properties?

3. a) Explain the fundamental steps in Digital Image Processing? [4m]

b) Write an algorithm to generate haar basis and find haar basis for second order function.

[6m]

4. a) Define the terms

i) 4-adjacent ii) 8-adjacent and iii) m-adjacent Give suitable examples [3m]

b) Explain the different types of gray level transformation used for image Enhancement

[7m].

5. a) Distinguish between scalar and vector quantization. [7m]

b) Give two properties of SVD Transformation. [3m]

6. a) Write the properties of KL transform. [3m]

b) Write the properties of cosine transform. [3m]

c) List out the properties of 2D Fourier transform. [2m]

d) Discuss the Properties of Fourier transform. [2m]

Unit – 2 Intensity transformations and spatial filtering and Filtering in frequency

domain.

1. a) What is meant by image enhancement? Explain the various approaches used in image

enhancement [5m]

b) Explain in detail about spatial filtering. [5m]

2. a) What is meant by image enhancement? Explain the various approaches used in image

enhancement. [5m]

b) Discuss about histogram sliding and histogram equalization. [5m]





3. a) Prove that for continuous signal Histogram equalization results in flat histogram. [5m]

b) Differentiate the spatial image enhancement and image enhancement in frequency

domain. [5m]

4. a) What is meant by Enhancement by point processing? [5m]

b) Discuss in detail about the procedure involved in Histogram matching [5m].

5. a) Explain about image smoothing using spatial filters [5m]

b) Discuss about image sharpening in frequency domain [5m]

Unit – 3 Image Restoration and Reconstruction

1. a) What is meant by image restoration? Why it is needed? Explain with examples [5m]

b) Explain about spatial filtering in frequency domain [5m]

2. Explain the following

a) Minimum mean square error filtering [5m]

b) Inverse Filtering. [5m]

3. a) Explain about algebraic approach to image restoration. [5m]

b) Explain about discrete wavelet transform of one variable and two variables [5m]

4. a) Draw the model of image degradation/Restoration process? Explain how degradation

function is estimated. [6m]

b) List and Explain different noise models in image restoration. [4m]

5. a) Explain about noise modeling based on distribution function. [6m]

b) Discuss smoothing filters used for reducing noise and blurring in an image. [4m]

MID – 2 Unit – 4, 5, 6

Unit – 4 Color Image Processing

1. a) What is color image processing? Explain in detail the concepts underlying full

Color image processing [5m]

b) Define Smoothing and Sharpening. [5m]

2. a) Explain about CMY and YIQ color models. [5m]

b) Explain about color image smoothing. [5m]

3. a) How a color image can be converted to gray scale image. Explain? [5m]

b) Discuss about color quantization and explain about its various types. [5m]





4. a) Give the schematic sketch of R G B color cube? Indicate the primary color vertices on

the cube. [5m]

b) Describe how the gray levels vary in the R, G and B primary images that make up the

front face of the color cube. [5m]

5. a) What is a noise? How does it effect the image segmentation algorithm? Name various

types of techniques for filtering noise in image. [4m]

b) Consider the following RGB triplets. Convert each triplet to CMY and YIQ

i) ( 1 1 0 ) ii) ( 1 1 1 ) iii). ( 1 0 1 ) [6m]

Unit – 5 Wavelets, multi-resolution processing and Image Compression

1. a) Write a brief note on fast wavelets transforms [5m]

b) Write a brief note on Digital water marking [5m]

2. a) Describe about wavelet packets. [5m]

b) Discuss how to construct dams using morphological operations [5m]

3. a) Write a brief note on fast wavelets transforms [5m]

b) Briefly explain about image compression. [5m]

4. a) Differentiate constrained and unconstrained restoration [5m]

b) Give a brief note about region-based segmentation [5m]

5. a) Explain adaptive filter and discuss about the two levels of adaptive median filtering

algorithms. [5m]

b) Explain the use of Hough transform in image segmentation. [5m]

Unit – 6 Morphological Image Processing and Image Segmentation

1. a) Discuss about hit or miss transformations [6m]

b) Explain the concept of Erosion operator with examples [4m]

2. a) What is edge detection? Describe in detail about the types of edge detection operation.

[5m]

b) Explain region based segmentation and region growing with an example. [5m]





3. a) Discuss about thinning and boundary extraction in basic morphological algorithms

[5m]

b) Describe Watershed segmentation Algorithm. [5m]

4. a) Explain the concept of thresholding in image segmentation and discuss its

merits and limitations. [5m]

b) What is edge detection? Describe in detail about the types of edge detection operation.

[5m]

5. a) Explain the concept of dilation with an example. [4m]

b) Explain the concept of opening and closing operations and give the one application

of these two operations. [6m]





Name of Subject: Optical Communications

Faculty Name: P. Amrutha

Designation: Asst. Prof

Year/Sem.: IV-I

Branch: ECE

Reg: R13

UNIT-1

1.a) What are the advantages, applications and disadvantages of optical fiber as

compared to copper cables?[5M]

b) Estimate the maximum core diameter for an optical fiber with refractive index

difference of 1.45% and core refractive index of 1.52 in order that it may be

suitable for single-mode operation when operating wavelength is 0.85μm. Also

calculate cut off wavelength c if core diameter is 1.1μm.[5M]

2. a) Find the core radius necessary for single mode operation at 1320nm of a step-

index fiber with n1=1.480 and n2=1.478. What are the numerical aperture and

maximum acceptance angle of this fiber?[5M]

b) A manufacturer wishes to make a silica-core, step-index fiber with V=75 and

a numerical aperture NA=0.30 to be used at 820nm. If n1=1.458, what should the

core size and cladding index be?[5M]

3. a) Define numerical aperture? Generally what is the range of NA?[5M]

b)When the mean optical power launched into an 8km length of fiber is 120μw,

the mean optical power at the fiber output is 3μw then determine the overall signal

attenuation or loss in decibels through the fiber assuming there are no connectors

or splices?[5M]

4. a) Calculate the numerical apertures of[5M]

i) a plastic step-index fiber having a core refractive index of n1=1.60 and a

cladding index of n2=1.49.

ii) a step-index fiber having a silica core (n1=1.458) and the silicone resin





cladding (n2=1.405).

b) Calculate the numerical apertures of step-index fiber having n1=1.48, and

n2=1.46. What is the maximum entrance angle θ0,max for this fiber if the outer

medium is air.[5M]

5. a)Compare step index and graded index fibers. [4M]

b)Define mode field diameter.[3M]

c)Define total internal reflection.[3M]

UNIT-2

1.a) Define signal dispersion in optical fiber and explain any one of the

dispersion?[5M]

b) Explain about bending losses in optical fiber and how they can

minimize?[5M]

2.a) Explain various fiber materials. [5M]

b) In a system, a 2km fiber was used, the 3-dB pulse widths at the input and

output are 0.5 ns and 10 ns respectively. Find the pulse broadening for the fiber

and bandwidth length product in MHz-km.[5M]

3.a) A multimode fiber with a core refractive index of 1.50, a relative refractive

index difference of 3% and an operating wavelength of 0.8μm. Estimate the critical

radius of curvature at which large bending losses occur?[5M]

b) Define the phenomenon of Fresnel reflection?[5M]

4.a) Write a note on glass fibers? [5M]

b) An optical signal at a specific wavelength has lost 55% of its power after

traversing 3.5km of fiber. What is the attenuation in dB/km of this fiber?[5M]

5.a) List out the types of dispersion?[5M]

b) Explain any three mechanisms of absorption in optical fiber?[5M]

UNIT-3





1. a) Explain the principle of multimode fiber joints? [5M]

b) Explain the need of connecter in optical fiber and list out the types of

connectors? [5M]

2.a) Explain the affect of misalignment if two optical fibers are aligned?[5M]

b) Explain the working principle of expanded beam connecters?[5M]

3. a) With neat sketch, explain the splicing techniques used in optical fiber. [5M]

b) Explain about connecter loss when two optical fibers are connected.[5M]

4. a) Discuss the effects of various misalignments in fiber to fiber joints. [5M]

b) Discuss about connector return loss.[5M]

5. a) Two single –mode fibers with mode-field diameters of 9.2 μm and 8.4μm are

to be connected together. Assuming no extrinsic losses, determine the loss at the

connection due to the mode-field diameter mismatch.[5M]

b) An optical fiber has a core refractive index of 1.5. Two lengths of the fiber

with smooth and perpendicular (to the core axes) end faces are butted together.

Assuming the fiber axes are perfectly aligned, calculate the optical loss in

decibels at the joint (due to Fresnel reflection) when there is a small air gap

between the fiber end faces.[5M]

UNIT-4

1. a) Explain the working principle of surface emitting LED. [5M]

b) Explain types of noise sources in optical fiber system.[5M]

2. a) Explain the working principle of edge-emitting double hetero junction LED.

[5M]

b)Explain the photodiode pulse responses under various detector

parameters.[5M]

3. a) Explain the temperature effect on avalanche gain. [5M]

b) Explain the internal quantum efficiency[5M]





4. a) Explain the working principle of distributed feedback laser diode. [5M]

b) Draw and explain the structure of InGaAs APD (avalanche photo diode).[5M]

5. a) Write short note on LED structures. [5M]

b) Explain the principles of PIN and APD.[5M]

UNIT-5

1. a) Explain the principle of analog receiver. [5M]

b) Calculate the power coupling in PLED,STEP.[5M]

2. a) What is radiation pattern? Explain how to represent radiation pattern. [5M]

b) Explain the quantum limit in optical fiber system.[5M]

3. a) Explain types of error sources in detection mechanism. [5M]

b) Explain equilibrium numerical aperture.[5M]

4. a) Explain about digital signal transmission system. [5M]

b) Explain the power launching techniques in optical fiber.[5M]

5. a) Explain Power coupling in Optical Fiber. [5M]

b) Write short notes on digital signal Transmission and error sources.[5M]

UNIT-6

1. a) Explain link power budget with example. [5M]

b) Explain Rise time budget with example.[5M]

2. a) List out the each component choice and their features in a point-to-point link.

[5M]

b) Explain how to measure attenuation in optical fiber system.[5M]

3. a) Briefly explain the link power budget. [5M]

b) List out the techniques to measure dispersion in optical fiber. Explain any one

of

the technique.[5M]

4. a) Explain the advantage with line coding and also explain any one of the coding

technique with suitable diagram.[5M]





b) Explain the intermodal dispersion measurement technique in time

domain[5M]

5. a) Explain the intermodal dispersion measurement technique in frequency

domain. [5M]

b) What is WDM? Explain the principle of WDM.[5M]






Faculty Name : K.Suma Subject : Radar systems Admitted Batch : 2014

QUESTION BANK

UNIT1

1(a)Define radar wave forms, maximum unambiguous range and resolution?

(b)Mention the applications of Radar?

2(a) Derive the equation for false-alarm-time(T fa).

(b)Using a block diagram explain the working of a pulse radar.

3(a) What are the various factors affecting the radar range?

(b)Discuss the basic principle of operation of radar using a neat block diagram

5(a) Derive the simple form of radar range equation and relate the transmitter peak

power Pt to the maximum range of the radar

b) Explain "Radar Cross Section of Targets" in a radar.

UNIT2

1(a) Explain the working principle of FM-CW altimeter

(b) Explain the need of non-zero IF receiver? Explain the working principle

of Non-zero IF Receiver.

2(a) Explain the need of modulation in CW Radar for detecting Moving targets?

(b)Using a block diagram, explain the operation of a CW radar

3(a) Explain the need for isolation between transmitter and receiver in a CW radar.

(b)A CW radar operating at 5 cm wavelength and target radial velocity is 200

Knots, calculate the doppler frequency of the radar.

4(a) Write notes on system losses in Radar system.

(b)A target with radial velocity of 100 Km/hr closes to the CW radar, which is

operated at 20 GHz. Calculate the doppler frequency of the target

5(a) Prove that the Doppler frequency is half of difference of up & down beat

frequencies?

(b) Write short notes on limitations of CW radar.

UNIT3

1(a) Explain the butterfly effect in MTI radar?

(b) Explain about limitations to MTI performance

2(a) Explain in detail, the working principle of range –gated Doppler filter?

(b) What is a delay line canceller? Explain the same with a neat block diagram

3(a)Draw the block diagram and explain the working of MTI radar.

(b) What is blind speed? How can it be overcome practically in a radar system

4(a) Differentiate between MTI and pulse doppler radar.

(b) What is Non- coherent MTI radar?





5(a) Explain the principle of Pulse Doppler radar.

(b) With neat diagram explain the working principle of a side band Super

heterodyne

receiver?

UNIT4

1(a) How the target can track with phase comparision Method? Explain?

(b)What is the need of AGC circuit in tracking radar systems? Explain the

working principle of AGC circuit?

2(a)With suitable diagram explain the working priniciple of conical scan technique

(b)Suggest the suitable techniques to acquisit the moving target on azimuth &

elevation plane?

3(a) What do you understand by the term “Tracking radar"?

(b) Explain with neat block diagram, "Monopulse Amplitude Tracking Radar"

4(a) Compare different types of tracking radars

(b) How is the conical scanning an improvement over lobe switching?

5(a) Describe the sequential lobbing method of tracking of an acquired target

(b)Explain about a) Amplitude fluctuation b) Angle fluctuation c) Receiver & Servo

Noise

UNIT5

1(a) With suitable diagram, explain the working principle of correlation detection

filter.

(b) Write a short note on constant false alarm rate receiver.

2(a) Derive the impulse response of a Matched filter.

(b) Write the specifications of a Matched filter.

3(a) What are the different detection theories? Explain them in brief.

(b) What do you understand by correlation detection?

4(a) Obtain derivations of matched-filter characteristics of a receiver.

(b) Explain in detail Noise figure and Noise temperature for the radar receivers.

5(a) What is the effect of S/N ratio over the detection of weak signals?

(b) What do you understand by automatic detection and explain the steps

involved in this process.

UNIT6

1.Write short notes oni) Teff of N-Cascade system ii) Fn of N-Cascade system iii)

Phased array Antennas(10)

2.Write short notes on i) Receiver protector duplexer ii) Display systems iii)

Antenna array system & grating lobes(10)

3(a).Explain the principle and working of a balanced duplexer.

(b) Write short notes on Phased Array Antennas.

4(a) With neat diagrams differentiate Series feeds from Parallel Feeds





(b) Explain how Circulators can be used as Duplexers.

5(a) What are the different types of feeds used in radar antenna?

(b) Explain Branch-type duplexer with a neat diagram.

DADI INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING &TECHNOLOGY (Approved by A.I.C.T.E., New Delhi & Affiliated to JNTUK)




VLSI DESIGN Question Bank

Academic Year :2017-2018

Name of the Faculty :K.JOGINAIDU

Designation :ASST.PROFESSOR

Department :ECE

Year/Semester :IV YEAR– Ist SEMESTER

Subject : VLSI DESIGN

UNIT-1

1a)Derive the expression for Ids versus Vds relationship? [5]

b) An nMOS transistor is operating in active region with the following

parameters:

VGS=3.9V,Vtn=1V,W/L=100,μnCox=90μA/V2. Find ID and RDS.

2a) Explain different steps involved in the IC fabrication? [5]

b) Draw the circuit for NMOS inverter and explain its operation and

characteristics[5]

3 a) Explain the MOS transistor operation with the help of neat sketches in the

Enhancement mode.& Depletion mode[5]

b) Explain how the BiCMOS inverter performance can be improved. [5]

4 a) Explain the steps of CMOS fabrication with suitable sketch. and explain its

operation and characteristics [5]

b) What are the advantages of BICMOS process over CMOS technology? [5]





5 a) Derive the expression for the threshold voltage of MOSFET. [5]

b) Explain the figure of merit of a MOS transistor[5]

6 a) Explain latch up problems in CMOS circuits? [5]

b) Explain the term output conductance, using necessary equations. [5]

UNIT-2

1 a) Explain 2μm CMOS design rules for wires. [5]

b) Design a stick diagram for CMOS logic Y= (A+B+C)/ [3]

c) Define stick diagram and layout diagram? [2]

2 a) Explain 2μm Double Metal, Double Poly. CMOS / BiCMOS Rules. [5]

b) Design stick diagram for NMOS logic Y= ((A+B).C)/ [5]

3 a) What is the need for design rules? Explain different types of design rules. [5]

b) Draw the stick diagram layout for y= (A.B) +E+ (C.D) [5]

4 a) What is a stick diagram and explain different symbols used for components in

stick diagram. [5]

b) Design a layout diagram for pMOS logic Y= (AB+CD) [5]

5. a) Explain the color code used for drawing stick diagram for NMOS and PMOS

designs. [5]

b) What are the different types of contact cuts made during the fabrication of an

IC?

Which one is commonly used and why? [3]

c) Draw the stick diagram for CMOS inverter[2]





6 Design a stick diagram for two input CMOS NAND and NOR gates. [10]

UNIT-3

1. a) Explain briefly about sheet resistance? Derive the Expression for RS[5]

b) Calculate the ON resistance from VDD to GND for the nMOS and CMOS

inverter

circuits. [5]

2. a) Define standard unit capacitance? Explain. [5]

b) Explain the problem of driving large capacitive loads? How such loads can be

driven? [5]

3 Discuss the limits of scaling. Why scaling is necessary for VLSI circuits? [10]

4.(a) Define scaling factor? Explain different types of device parameters? [5]

(b) Draw and explain the structure of scaled MOS transistor[5]

5 a) Explain different types of capacitor loads for MOS transistors. [5]

b) Realization of gates using NMOS PMOS and CMOS technologies[5]

6(a) What is inverter delay? How delay is calculated for multiple stages. [5]

b)Write about the Fan in-FANOUT characteristics[5]

UNIT -4

1.a) How switch logic can be implemented using Pass Transistors? Explain. [5]

b) Draw the transistor circuit diagram of shift register capable of holding and

shifting 4-bit word. Explain the circuit operation. [5]





2.a) Explain the design of a 4-bit shifter. [5]

b) Discuss the general arrangement of a 4-bit arithmetic process. [5]

3 a) Explain two-phase clocking. [5]

b) What is pre-charged bus concept? [5]

4a) Explain the structured design approach of parity generator. [5]

b) Explain switch logic? [5]

5 Explain bus arbitration logic for n-line bus structured design approach.[10]

6 (a) Write about the some Architectural issues? [5]

(b) Draw the basic structure of a Dynamic CMOS gate? [5]

7. Explain clocked CMOS logic, Domino logic and n-PCMOS logic.[10]

UNIT 5

1a) Explain mixed signal design with neat sketch. [5]

b) Discuss the clock mechanisms[5]

2a) Explain the single Stuck-at Fault model. (a) controllability (b) observability [5]

b) Discuss the ASIC design flow. [5]

3a) Give the overflow of system on chip designs. [5]

b) Explain the FPGA design flow. [5]

4 a) Discuss the design process for developing a chip. [5]

b) Compare Full-Custom design with semi-custom design[5]

5 a) What is testing? Explain. [5]

b) Give the advantages and disadvantages of cell based design[3]





c) Write the steps to resolve the clock skew problem. [2]

6 (a)What is dynamic power and static power? [5]

(b)What are the techniques used in power calculations[5]

7. (a) Explain the stuck.-at fault model with example[5]

(b) Discuss about Full Custom Design[5]

UNIT -6

1a) Explain the basic architecture of FPGA. [5]

b) Explain the FPGA design process. [5]

2 a) How to design FPGA-Based PCBs? Explain. [5]

b) Write about FPGA families of different vendors[5]

3(a) What parameters to be consider while identifying the FPGA [5]

(b)What is the need of a FPGA? And write its applications[5]

4 Explain stack implementation using VHDL[10]

5.Explain implementation of queue using VHDL. [10]

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