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64 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Clare M, Hopper K. Mechanical Ventilation: Indications, Goals, and Prognosis. Compendium (Serial on Internet) 2005 (cited 1 Oktober 2012);2:195-07. Available from: cp.vetlearn.com/media 2. Koenig SM, Truwit JD. Ventilator associated pneumonia: diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. Clinical Microbiology Reviews (Serial on Internet) 2006 (cited 1 Oktober 2012); 19: 637-57 3. Chen YY, Chen LY, Lin SY, Chou P, Liao SY, Wang FD. Surveillances on secular trends of incidence and mortality for device-associated infection in the ICU setting at a tertiary medical center in Taiwan. BMC Infectious Disease (Serial on Internet) 2012 (cited 1 Oktober 2012); 12:209. Available from : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22963041 4. Hunter JD. Ventilator associated pneumonia. Postgrad Med J(Serial on Internet) 2006 (cited 1 Oktober 2012); 82: 172-8. Available from: http://pmj.bmj.com/content/82/965/172.full 5. Bénet T, Allaouchiche B , Argaud L and Vanhems P. Impact of surveillance of hospital acquired infection on the incidence of ventilator- associated pneumonia in intensive care unit: a quasi experimental study. Critical Care (Serial on Internet) 2012 (cited 1 Oktober 2012);16: 161. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22909033 6. Luna CM, Blanzaco D, Niederman MS, Matarucco W, Baredes NC, Desemery P, et al. Resolution of ventilator-associated pneumonia: prospective evaluation of the clinical pulmonary infection score as an early clinical predictor of outcome. Crit Care Med 2003; 31: 676-82 7. Marc J, Marin H, Jesse B. Risk Factor for Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia: From Epidemiology to Patient Management. Oxford J(Serial

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Page 1: DAFTAR PUSTAKAeprints.undip.ac.id/43765/9/DisaYolanda_G2A009073_BabVIIIKTI.pdf · 64 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Clare M, Hopper K. Mechanical Ventilation: Indications, Goals, and Prognosis

64

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

1. Clare M, Hopper K. Mechanical Ventilation: Indications, Goals, and

Prognosis. Compendium (Serial on Internet) 2005 (cited 1 Oktober

2012);2:195-07. Available from: cp.vetlearn.com/media

2. Koenig SM, Truwit JD. Ventilator associated pneumonia: diagnosis,

treatment, and prevention. Clinical Microbiology Reviews (Serial on

Internet) 2006 (cited 1 Oktober 2012); 19: 637-57

3. Chen YY, Chen LY, Lin SY, Chou P, Liao SY, Wang FD. Surveillances

on secular trends of incidence and mortality for device-associated infection

in the ICU setting at a tertiary medical center in Taiwan. BMC Infectious

Disease (Serial on Internet) 2012 (cited 1 Oktober 2012); 12:209.

Available from : http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22963041

4. Hunter JD. Ventilator associated pneumonia. Postgrad Med J(Serial on

Internet) 2006 (cited 1 Oktober 2012); 82: 172-8. Available from:

http://pmj.bmj.com/content/82/965/172.full

5. Bénet T, Allaouchiche B , Argaud L and Vanhems P. Impact of

surveillance of hospital acquired infection on the incidence of ventilator-

associated pneumonia in intensive care unit: a quasi experimental study.

Critical Care (Serial on Internet) 2012 (cited 1 Oktober 2012);16: 161.

Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22909033

6. Luna CM, Blanzaco D, Niederman MS, Matarucco W, Baredes NC,

Desemery P, et al. Resolution of ventilator-associated pneumonia:

prospective evaluation of the clinical pulmonary infection score as an early

clinical predictor of outcome. Crit Care Med 2003; 31: 676-82

7. Marc J, Marin H, Jesse B. Risk Factor for Ventilator-Associated

Pneumonia: From Epidemiology to Patient Management. Oxford J(Serial

Page 2: DAFTAR PUSTAKAeprints.undip.ac.id/43765/9/DisaYolanda_G2A009073_BabVIIIKTI.pdf · 64 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Clare M, Hopper K. Mechanical Ventilation: Indications, Goals, and Prognosis

65

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21896188

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Infect Dev Ctries (Serial on Internet) 2011 (cited 1 Oktober 2012);

5(4):286-93. Available from:

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16. Fink MP, Abraham E, Vincent JL, Kochanek P. Textbook of Critical Care

Fifth Edition. Philadelphia: Elsevier Sunders 2005;p.663-77

17. Cook DJ, Meade MO, Hand LE, McMullin JP. Toward understanding

evidence uptake: semirecumbency for pneumonia prevention. Crit Care

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18. Chan EY, Ruest A, Meade MO, Cook DJ. Oral Dekontamination for

prevention of pneumonia in mechanically ventilated adult: systematic

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2012);334:889. Available from:

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19. Syarif A, Ari E, Arini S, Armen M, Azalia A, Bahroelim B, dkk.

Farmakologi dan terapi. Edisi ke 5. Jakarta: Gaya baru, 2007;p.517-522.

20. Chlebicki MP, Safdar N. Topical chlorhexidine for prevention of

ventilatorassociated pneumonia: A meta-analysis. Crit Care Med (Serial on

Internet) 2007 (cited 23 Oktober 2012) ;35:595-602. Available from:

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21. Porzecanski I, Bowton DL. Diagnosis and treatment of ventilator

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22. Chastre J, Fragon JY. Ventilator associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit

Care Med 2002;65:67-903

23. Fartoukh M, Maitre B, Honore S, Cerf C, Zahar JR, Buisson BB, et al.

Diagnosing pneumonia during mechanical ventilation. Am J Respir Crit

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24. Torres A, Ewig S. Diagnosing ventilator-associated pneumonia. N Engl J

Med 2004; 350:433-5

25. Ioanas M, Ferrer R, Angrill J, Ferrer M, Torres A. Microbial investigation

in ventilator-associated pneumonia. Eur Respir J (Serial on Internet) 2001

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11401077

26. Ost DE, Hall CS, Joseph G, Ginocchio C, Condon S, Kao E, et al.

Decision analysis of antibiotic and diagnostic strategies in ventilator-

associated pneumonia. Am J Respir Crit Care Med (Serial on Internet)

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http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12842855s

27. Singh N, Yu VL. Rational empiric antibiotic prescription in the ICU.

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Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10807841

28. Jaime C. Tan, Aileen Guzman-Banzon, Fernando Ayuyao, Teresita De

Guia. Comparison of CPIS (clinical pulmonary infection score) and

Clinical Criteria in the Diagnosis of Ventilator-associated Pneumonia in

ICU Complex Patients. Phil Heart Center J (Serial on Internet) 2007

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29. Kollef MH. The prevention of ventilator associated pneumonia. N Engl J

Med 2005;340:627-34

30. Fowler RA, Flavin KE, Barr J, Weinacker AB, Parsonnet J, Gould MK.

Variability in antibiotic prescribing patterns and outcomes in patients with

clinically suspected ventilator-associated pneumonia. Chest (Serial on

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Internet) 2003 (cited 5 Oktober 2012) ;123:835-44. Available from :

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12628886

31. Niederman MS, Craven DE. Guidelines for the management of adult with

hospital-acquired, ventilator associated, and healthcare-associated

pneumonia. Am J Respi Crit Care Med 2005;171:388-416

32. Olson ME, Harmon BG, Kollef MH. Silvercoated endotracheal tubes

associated with reduced bacterial burden in the lungs of mechanically

ventilated dogs. Chest (Serial on Internet) 2002 (cited 5 Oktober 2012)

;121:863-70. Available from :

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11888974

33. Smulders K, Hoeven H, Pothoff IW, Grauls CV. A randomized clinical

trial of intermittent subglottic secretion drainage in patients receiving

mechanical ventilation. Chest (Serial on Internet) 2002 (cited 5 Oktober

2012) ;121:858-62. Available from:

http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11888973

34. Mandell LA, Wunderink RG, Anzueto A, Bartlett JG, Campbell GD, Dean

NC, et al: Infectious diseases society of America/American Thoracic

Society consensus guidelines on the management of community-acquired

pneumonia in adults. Clinical infectious diseases (Serial on Internet) 2007

(cited 5 Oktober 2012) ;44:S27-72. Available from :

http://cid.oxfordjournals.org/content/44/Supplement_2/S27.short

35. Iregui M, Kollef MH. Prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia.

Chest 2002; 121:679-81

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36. Sudoyo WA, Setiyohadi B, Alwi I, Simadibrata MK, Setiati S. Buku Ajar

Ilmu Penyakit Dalam. Jakarta: InternaPublishing 2010;p.166-74

37. Rupi’i. Cara Kerja Ventilator. Ind J Int Care Med 2012;2(1):42-3

38. Shaila S. Practical Application of Mechanical Ventilation. New York: The

McGraw-Hill 2010;p. 149

39. Wijayanti V, Nawawi AM. Ventilasi mekanik. Bag Anestesi FK Unpad

(Serial on Internet) 2007 (cited 1 Oktober 2012). Available from :

http://skripsistikes.files.wordpress.com/2009/08/39.pdf

40. Sundana K. Ventilator Pendekatan Praktis di Unit Perawatan Kritis Edisi

ke 1. Bandung: CICU RSHS.2008; P.42-52

41. Latief SA, Suryadi KA, Dachlan MR. Petunjuk praktis anestesiologi. Edisi

ke 2. Jakarta: bagian anestesiologi dan terapi intensif FK UI, 2007;p.70-73

42. Helmi M. Peran Ventilasi Mekanik Terhadap Fungsi Jantung. Ind J Int

Care Med 2012;2(3):130-34

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70

LAMPIRAN

Lampiran 1. Output Analitik

Crosstabs [DataSet1] c:\users\user\desktop\kti1\inputkti\inputkti11.xlsx

Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

Lama Penggunaan Ventilator * Komplikasi VAP

38 100,0% 0 ,0% 38 100,0%

Lama Penggunaan Ventilator * Komplikasi VAP Crosstabulation

Count

Directional Measures

Value

Asymp. Std.

Error(a) Approx.

T(b) Approx. Sig.

Nominal by Nominal

Lambda Symmetric ,073 ,069 1,013 ,311

Lama Penggunaan Ventilator Dependent ,000 ,000 .(c) .(c)

Komplikasi VAP Dependent ,214 ,190 1,013 ,311

Goodman and Kruskal tau

Lama Penggunaan Ventilator Dependent

,024 ,021 ,480(d)

Komplikasi VAP Dependent ,159 ,100 ,316(d)

a Not assuming the null hypothesis. b Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c Cannot be computed because the asymptotic standard error equals zero. d Based on chi-square approximations

Komplikasi VAP Total

ya tidak ya

Lama Penggunaan Ventilator

2 3 8 11

3 3 7 10

4 3 2 5

5 2 3 5

6 3 1 4

7 0 3 3

Total 14 24 38

Page 8: DAFTAR PUSTAKAeprints.undip.ac.id/43765/9/DisaYolanda_G2A009073_BabVIIIKTI.pdf · 64 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Clare M, Hopper K. Mechanical Ventilation: Indications, Goals, and Prognosis

71

Crosstabs [DataSet1]

c:\users\user\desktop\kti1\inputkti\inputkti11.xlsx

Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

Usia >=60 th * Komplikasi VAP 38 100,0% 0 ,0% 38 100,0%

Usia >=60 th * Komplikasi VAP Crosstabulation

Count

Komplikasi VAP Total

ya tidak ya

Usia >=60 th

usia >=60 th 6 5 11

usia <60 th 8 19 27

Total 14 24 38

Directional Measures

Value

Asymp. Std.

Error(a) Approx.

T(b) Approx.

Sig.

Nominal by Nominal

Lambda Symmetric ,040 ,130 ,302 ,763

Usia >=60 th Dependent

,000 ,000 .(c) .(c)

Komplikasi VAP Dependent ,071 ,228 ,302 ,763

Goodman and Kruskal tau

Usia >=60 th Dependent

,055 ,077 ,154(d)

Komplikasi VAP Dependent

,055 ,076 ,154(d)

a Not assuming the null hypothesis. b Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c Cannot be computed because the asymptotic standard error equals zero. d Based on chi-square approximation

Page 9: DAFTAR PUSTAKAeprints.undip.ac.id/43765/9/DisaYolanda_G2A009073_BabVIIIKTI.pdf · 64 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Clare M, Hopper K. Mechanical Ventilation: Indications, Goals, and Prognosis

72

Crosstabs [DataSet1] c:\users\user\desktop\kti1\inputkti\inputkti11.xlsx

Case Processing Summary

Cases

Valid Missing Total

N Percent N Percent N Percent

Diagnosa Penyakit * Komplikasi VAP 38 100,0% 0 ,0% 38 100,0%

Diagnosa Penyakit * Komplikasi VAP Crosstabulation

Count

Komplikasi VAP Total

ya tidak ya

Diagnosa Penyakit

Pasien bedah/Post Operasi 7 17 24

Pasien Non-bedah 7 7 14

Total 14 24 38

Directional Measures

Value

Asymp. Std.

Error(a) Approx.

T(b) Approx. Sig.

Nominal by Nominal

Lambda Symmetric ,000 ,134 ,000 1,000

Diagnosa Penyakit Dependent ,000 ,000 .(c) .(c)

Komplikasi VAP Dependent

,267 ,000 1,000

Goodman and Kruskal tau

Diagnosa Penyakit Dependent

,043 ,068 ,205(d)

Komplikasi VAP Dependent ,043 ,068 ,205(d)

a Not assuming the null hypothesis. b Using the asymptotic standard error assuming the null hypothesis. c Cannot be computed because the asymptotic standard error equals zero. d Based on chi-square approximation

0 20 S

Page 10: DAFTAR PUSTAKAeprints.undip.ac.id/43765/9/DisaYolanda_G2A009073_BabVIIIKTI.pdf · 64 DAFTAR PUSTAKA 1. Clare M, Hopper K. Mechanical Ventilation: Indications, Goals, and Prognosis

73

No No CM JK Umur Diagnosa

Penyakit

Total Hari

Penggunaan

Ventilator

(hari)

Hari

Pertama

Penggunaan

Ventilator

TglMasukICU TglKeluarICU TglMasukRS TglKeluarRS LamaRawatICU LamaRawatRS Skor

CPIS

Komplikasi

VAP

Lama

Penggunaan

Ventilator

1 C284581 1 51 Post Op

Craniotomi 5 31-Mar 31-Mar 04-Apr 31-Mar 04-Apr 5 5 4 2 5

2 C288521 1 31 Post Op

Craniotomi 7 21-Apr 21-Apr 26-Apr 21-Apr 12-Mei 7 22 3 2 7

3 C295151 2 38 Post Op

Craniotomi 2 31-Mei 31-Mei 01-Jun 26-Sep 06-Okt 2 11 3 2 2

4 C283471 1 71 Post Op

Laparotomi 3 31-Mar 31-Mar 04-Apr 27-Mar 08-Apr 5 13 7 1 2

5 C286970 1 72 Post Op

Laparotomi 3 30-Apr 30-Apr 03-Mei 21-Apr 12-Mei 4 22 3 2 3

6 C286061 1 58 Post Op

Craniotomi 2 08-Apr 08-Apr 11-Apr 08-Apr 18-Apr 4 11 0 2 2

7 C272181 1 24 Post Op DVR

15 16-Feb 16-Feb 02-Mar 13-Feb 02-Mar 15 18 7 1 5

8 C267582 1 26 Post Op

Laparotomi 6 08-Feb 08-Feb 13-Feb 31-Jan 14-Feb 6 15 7 1 6

9 C222772 2 43 Post Op Laparotomi

2 20-Mei 20-Mei 24-Mei 02-Mei 30-Mei 4 29 3 2 2

10 C281334 1 74 Post Op

Laparotomi 27 18-Mar 18-Mar 13-Apr 17-Mar 22-Apr 27 37 8 1 6

11 C300194 1 51 Post Op Laparotomi

2 28-Jun 28-Jun 01-Jul 28-Jun 09-Jul 4 12 3 2 2

12 C274874 2 47 Post Op

Laparotomi 2 18-Apr 18-Apr 21-Apr 31-Mar 25-Mei 4 56 3 2 2

13 C276475 2 46 Post Op Histerektomi

3 26-Feb 26-Feb 02-Mar 22-Feb 13-Mar 5 20 3 2 3

14 C291765 1 22 Combustio 9 13-Mei 09-Mei 25-Mei 09-Mei 28-Mei 17 20 7 1 6

15 C284326 1 23 Post Op

Laparotomi 3 31-Mar 31-Mar 07-Apr 31-Mar 25-Apr 8 26 3 2 3

16 C277519 2 53 Post Op

Craniotomi 5 02-Mar 02-Mar 10-Mar 26-Feb 12-Mar 9 15 7 1 5

17 C282808 2 61 Post Op

Laparotomi 7 24-Mar 24-Mar 01-Apr 24-Mar 01-Apr 9 9 7 1 4

18 C149208 2 51 Post Op

Laparotomi 3 19-Apr 15-Apr 21-Apr 09-Apr 21-Apr 7 13 3 2 3

Lampiran 2. Data Pasien

Tabel 18. Data Pasien

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19 C277518 1 37 Post Op Craniotomi

3 26-Feb 26-Feb 03-Mar 20-Feb 09-Mar 6 18 2 2 3

20 C174378 1 55 CKD 2 24-Apr 22-Apr 30-Apr 21-Apr 24-Mei 9 34 7 1 2

21 C282868 1 17 TOF 2 18-Apr 18-Apr 21-Apr 24-Mar 22-Apr 4 30 5 2 2

22 C280694 2 23 Post Op Laparotomi

4 16-Mar 16-Mar 19-Mar 14-Mar 20-Mar 4 7 4 2 4

23 C295003 1 51 Post Op

Laparotomi 2 30-Mei 28-Mei 31-Mei 28-Mei 01-Jun 4 5 4 2 2

24 C288564 2 52 Tetanus, Ca Mammae

2 29-Apr 29-Apr 30-Apr 24-Apr 30-Apr 2 7 3 2 2

25 C270573 2 77 NSTEMI 15 22-Jan 22-Jan 05-Feb 22-Jan 05-Feb 15 15 7 1 3

26 C282263 1 80 Post Op

Laparotomi 4 22-Mar 22-Mar 25-Mar 22-Mar 25-Mar 4 4 3 2 4

27 C291522 2 55 Penurunan

Kesadaran 8 07-Mei 07-Mei 14-Mei 07-Mei 14-Mei 8 8 7 1 3

28 C289072 1 54

Acute

STEMI anterior

ekstensif

3 25-Apr 25-Apr 27-Apr 24-Apr 27-Apr 3 3 3 2 3

29 C295857 2 59 Post Op Sternotomy

7 08-Jun 08-Jun 14-Jun 06-Jun 14-Jun 7 9 3 2 7

30 C298578 2 35 Penurunan

Kesadaran 3 20-Jun 20-Jun 22-Jun 19-Jun 22-Jun 3 4 2 2 3

31 C243965 2 62 CHF 6 05-Feb 01-Feb 10-Feb 01-Feb 10-Feb 10 10 7 1 2

32 C299175 1 66 Post Op

Laparotomi 5 25-Jun 22-Jun 29-Jun 22-Jun 30-Jun 8 9 3 2 5

33 C264314 2 41 Tumor Padat

Ovarium 4 07-Mei 07-Mei 12-Mei 03-Mei 12-Mei 6 10 7 1 4

34 C295174 1 55 Stroke Non

Hemoragic 3 05-Jun 04-Jun 07-Jun 28-Mei 07-Jun 4 11 7 1 3

35 C277342 1 70 Cardiogenic

Shock 6 03-Mei 03-Mei 08-Mei 03-Mei 08-Mei 6 6 2 2 6

36 C293729 2 71 Post Op

Laparotomi 10 21-Jun 21-Jun 30-Jun 20-Mei 30-Jun 10 42 7 1 4

37 C295964 2 79 Stroke Non

Hemoragic 5 15-Jun 15-Jun 19-Jun 15-Jun 19-Jun 5 5 3 2 5

38 C294483 1 38 Prolonged

Fever 7 24-Mei 24-Mei 30-Mei 24-Mei 30-Mei 7 7 3 2 7

Ket: JK(Jenis Kelamin) » 1 = laki-laki

2 = perempuan

Komplikasi VAP » 1 = ya 2 = tidak

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Lampiran 3. Skoring CPIS

Tabel 19. Skoring CPIS

NO NO CM LAMA PENGGUNAAN

VENTILATOR

MEKANIK (HARI)

TEMP

(0C)

LEUKOSIT

(ribu)

SEKRET

TRAKEA

OKSIGENASI

PaO2/FiO2

mmHg

GAMB. RAD. PARU KULTUR SKOR CPIS

1 C284581

5

38,1 16 213

39,5 120

37,9 19,10 199

39,8 212 4

2 C288521

7

36,7 12,7 227

36,6 16,6 38

36,7 23,6 38

38 178

37 9,5 170

37 23,5 114 Bercak pada lap. paru kanan

37 39,7 99 3

3 C295151 2 35,4 14 290

36,5 13,2 197 3

4 C283471 2

37,1 2,3 212

36 14,2 222 Candida>10.000 7

37 10,7 53

37,7 9,2 77

5 C286970 3 5,10

8,3

36,5 12,3 235 3

36,9 8,8 198 Darah +

6 C286061 2 36 9,10 28

37 317 0

37 9,9 183

7 C272181 5 35 9,1 205

36 9,3 195

37,5 6,7 217

38,2 5,1 52

38,5 4,9 169 Bercak pada lap. Paru dx atas Sputum + 7

36,5 5,4 182

36,9 5,7 224

37,2 5,4 168

37 6,5 196

38,7 9,10 116

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37,4 7,6 158

36 7 37

37 8,5 45

37,2 41

8 C267582 6 36 10,1 210

37 1,9 202

36 4,6 42

37 31,8 83

37,8 7,9 132

39 12,4 160 Bercak pada perihiler & perikardial paru dx 7

9 C222772 2 36,5 154

36,8 12,2 146 3

13,1

9,1

9,33

14,3

10 C281334 6 37,2 9 74

37 44

7,1

37,1 9,8 68

38,4 11,4 87

30,8 12,5 47 Corakan bronkovaskuler meningkat Sputum + 8

36 12,9 75

36 22,2 26

36,3 14,1 131

37 17,7 109

36,9 12,1 157

36,2 13,4 80

38,2 13,1 46

36 14,7 106

36,6 16,1 114

37 15,4 188

36 12 52

36 8 36

37 7,7 144

37,2 9,5 122

37,3 115

36,4 9,1 76

37 31,5 118

37,7 22,5 84

11 C300194 2 37 16,5 189

37 13,2 167 3

36,8 6,8 127

12 C274874 2 36 14,5 243

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36,8 19,5 169 3

37 19,9 109

17,8

13 C276475 3 26,3

36,6 16,9 219

37,5 17,6 232 3

36 15,8 184

14 C291765 6 37,5 7,9 178

36,4 8,5 115

37,1 11,3 185

38,4 10,3 234

39,3 18,4 232

36 18,5 251 Perselubungan homogen di laterobasal paru kanan Sputum + 7

39,1 211 Darah +

37,5 15,6 189

38 23,10 202

38,8 7,3 154

8,4

36,4 12,9 88

15 C284326 3 36 5 175

37,9 15,7 160

37,3 14,3 182 3

37 21,9 121

16 C277519 5 37,5 25,7 87

37,5 13,6 226

36,5 10,4 193

36,4 14,6 142 Sputum + 7

37,9 70

38,2 116

39 12,1 79

37,9 16,4 202

39,2 144

17 C282808 4 36,2 13,1 61 Pusperut,urin+

38,3 33,8 125

38,7 18,4 69 Urin candida

39,9 23,9 190 Sputum + 7

39,9 31,5 181

39,7 21,5 186

39,6 17,4 134

38,2 24,3 126

18 C149208 3 38 140

40 21,6 138

37,2 17,2 201 3

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19 C277518 3 36,2 9,5 210

37,2 8,7 180 2

36,5 12,10 213

20 C174378 2 37,2 191

36 16,3 198 Sputum + 7

37 60

21 C282868 2 36 10,3 37

39,1 21,3 44 5

37,3 17,6 31

22 C280694 4 37,8 11,1 38

38,2 8,4 94

36,5 11,3 66

37,2 14,7 176 Bercak pada parakardial paru dx 4

23 C295003 2 36,8 18,3 67 Pusperitoneum+

38,8 13,4 147 4

24 C288564 2 36,6 19 116

37 11,4 110 3

25 C270537 3 36,8 18,2 263

36 178 Corakan bronkovaskuler dan bercak meningkat Sputum + 7

37 9,3 202

36,5 6,7 131

36,6 6,9 44

36,7 165

37,5 11,1 183

36,1 201

36,5 18,7 42

39,3 156

38 19.5 45

38,5 17,6 126

37,3 15,6 136

26 C282263 4 36 139

34 7,1 168

36,5 8,8 97

36,5 16,4 67 3

27 C291522 3 37,3 15,7 54

38,6 14 91 Corakan bronkovasuler meningkat, bercak pada perifer

dx

Sputumcandida 7

37,3 239

36,9 180

37,3 106

36,8 13 157

39,8 262

28 C289072 3 37,8 8,5 181

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37,2 10,1 160 Bercak pada perihiler & parakardial dx

3

29 C295857 7

37 18,7 216

37 17,8 191

38 17,7 139

36,8 17,4 99

37,9 15,7 108

37,5 19,6 83 3

37,3 15,4 97

30 C298578 3 37,5 15,5 174

37,4 19,4 214

38,3 285 2

31 C243965 2 37 14,9 185

37 12,8 133 Bercak pada perihiler dan parakardial yang bertambah Sputum + 7

38,1 15,4 34

39 17,6 120

32 C299175 5 36,6 10,4 66

36,6 8,6 169

37 9,3 206

37,2 3,7 59 3

33 C264314 4 37 14,2 195

37 183

38,3 12,7 124 Corakan bronkovaskuler bertambah dan bercak pada

parakardial & perihiler kanan

Sputum + 7

37,5 141

37 15 101

34 C295174 3 38 233

38,5 205

40,2 14,8 239 Corakan bonkovaskuler meningkat, infiltrat pada

parakardial kanan & opasitas trianguler pada

parakardial kiri

7

35 C277324 6 37 11,6 261

36,6 12,7 52

37 10,8 165

37 200

38,1 10,2 191

2

36 C293729 4 36 9,5 186

37,5 22,4 118

36,9 24,9 103

36,2 19,7 123 Sputum + 7

21,1

36 18,1 78

36,2 18,7 150

13

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35,9 44,3 48

37 C295964 5

36,8 16,5 183

36,7 A9,4 109

37 10 46

36,8 12,1 63 3

38 C294483 7

37 20,8 76

37,4 10,10 221

36,7 30,10

37 16,10 217

37 12,6 47

37,2 12,3 53 3

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Lampiran 4. Dokumentasi Penelitan

Gambar 11. Dokumentasi 1

Gambar 12. Dokumentasi 2

Gambar 13. Dokumentasi 3

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Lampiran 5. Ethical Clearance

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Lampiran 6. Surat izin penelitian

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Lampiran 7. Biodata Mahasiswa

Nama : Disa Yolanda Putri

NIM : G2A009073

Tempat Tanggal Lahir : Sungai Penuh, 27 November 1991

Alamat : Jalan Terminal Baru No. 175 RT 1 Desa Karya

Bakti, Sungai Penuh, Kerinci, Jambi

Jalan Gergaji 1 No. 18 Kel. Mugassari Semarang

No HP : 085266439001

Email : [email protected]

Tahun Masuk FK UNDIP : 2009

Semarang, 25 Juli 2013

Disa Yolanda Putris