DAFTAR ISI

Halaman

KATA PENGANTAR .............................................................................................. i

UCAPAN TERIMA KASIH.......................................................................................ii

DAFTAR ISI ............................................................................................................iv

DAFTAR TABEL......................................................................................................viii

DAFTAR GAMBAR.................................................................................................ix

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN..............................................................................................x

1. PENDAHULUAN.................................................................................................1

1.1. Latar Belakang.............................................................................................1

1.2. Tujuan...........................................................................................................3

1.3. Batasan Masalah..........................................................................................3

2. TINJAUAN PUSTAKA.........................................................................................4

2.1. Biologi Udang Vannamei..............................................................................4

2.1.1. Taksonomi..........................................................................................4

2.1.2. Morfologi.............................................................................................4

2.1.3. Habitat dan Penyebarannya...............................................................6

2.1.4. Siklus hidup........................................................................................6

2.1.4. Tingkah Laku dan Kebiasaan Makan.................................................7

2.2. Persiapan Lahan..........................................................................................8

2.2.1. Pengeringan.......................................................................................9

2.2.2. Pengangkatan Lumpur.......................................................................9

2.2.3. Pengapuran Tanah Dasar..................................................................10

2.3. Persiapan Media....................................................................................13

2.3.1. Perbaikan Sarana dan Prasarana......................................................13

2.3.2. Pengisian Air......................................................................................13

2.3.3. Pemberantasan Hama dan Penyakit..................................................15

2.3.4. Pemupukan........................................................................................16

2.4. Penebaran Benur.........................................................................................17

2.4.1. Pemilihan Benur.................................................................................18

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2.4.2. Pengujian Benur.................................................................................19

2.5. Pengelolaan Pakan......................................................................................19

2.6. Pengelolaan Kualitas Air..............................................................................21

2.61. Monitoring Kualitas Air.........................................................................21

2.6.1.1. Salinitas..................................................................................21

2.6.1.2 DO(disolveed oxygen).............................................................22

2.6.1.3. Suhu.......................................................................................22

2.6.1.4. Amonia (NH3).........................................................................23

2.6.1.5. Nitrit (NO2)..............................................................................23

2.6.1.6 Nitrat (NO3)..............................................................................23

2.6.1.7. pH (Derajat keasaman)..........................................................24

2.6.1.8. Kecerahan..............................................................................25

2.6.2. Pergantian Air.....................................................................................26

2.6.3. Aplikasi Probiotik................................................................................26

2.7. Monitoring Pertumbuhan..............................................................................27

2.8. Monitoring Kesehatan Udang.......................................................................28

2.9. Panen .......................................................................................................30

2.9.1. Panen Selektif....................................................................................31

2.9.2. Panen Total........................................................................................31

2.10. Pasca Panen..............................................................................................31

2.11. Analisa Finansial........................................................................................32

3. METODE PRAKTEK...........................................................................................35

3.1. Waktu dan Tempat.......................................................................................35

3.2. Alat dan Bahan.............................................................................................35

3.2.1. Alat.....................................................................................................35

3.2.2. Bahan.................................................................................................36

3.3. Metode Pengumpulan Data..........................................................................36

3.4. Metode Kerja................................................................................................36

3.5. Metode Analisis Data....................................................................................44

4. KEADAAN UMUM LOKASI................................................................................46

4.1. Sejarah singkat.............................................................................................46

4.2. Letak geografis.............................................................................................46

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4.3. Tenaga kerja.................................................................................................47

5. HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN...............................................................................48

5.1. Persiapan..........................................................................................................48

5.1.1 Persiapan lahan.......................................................................................48

5.1.2 Perbaikan sarana dan prasarana............................................................49

5.1.3 Pengisian air............................................................................................50

5.1.4 Pemberantasan hama dan penyakit........................................................51

5.1.5 Pemupukan..............................................................................................52

5.2 Pemeliharaan.....................................................................................................54

5.2.1 Penebaran benur.......................................................................................54

5.2.2 Pengelolaan pakan....................................................................................56

5.2.3 Monitoring pertumbuhan...........................................................................60

5.3 Pengelolaan kualitas air.....................................................................................61

5.3.1. Monitoring kualitas air.............................................................................61

5.3.1.1. Suhu..........................................................................................61

5.3.1.2. Salinitas.....................................................................................62

5.3.1.3. DO(Disolveed Oxygen)..............................................................63

5.3.1.4. Derajat keasaman(pH)..............................................................65

5.3.1.5. Kecerahan.................................................................................68

5.3.1.6. Amoniak(NH3)............................................................................69

5.3.1.7. Nitrit(NO2)..................................................................................71

5.3.1.8. Nitrat(NO3).................................................................................72

5.3.1.9. Pergantian air............................................................................73

5.3.1.10. Aplikasi probiotik......................................................................75

5.4 Monitoring kesehatan.........................................................................................77

5.4.1.Hama dan penyakit...................................................................................77

5.5 Panen.................................................................................................................78

5.6 Pasca panen......................................................................................................81

5.7 Analisa finansial.................................................................................................83

5.7.1. Biaya investasi......................................................................................84

5.7.2. Biaya operasional..................................................................................84

5.7.3. Analisa laba dan rugi.............................................................................85

5.7.4. Benefit cost ratio....................................................................................86

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5.7.5. Break event point..................................................................................86

5.7.6. Analisa payback periode.......................................................................87

6. KESIMPULAN DAN SARAN

6.1. Kesimpulan.......................................................................................................88

6.2. Saran.................................................................................................................88

DAFTAR PUSTAKA

LAMPIRAN

RIWAYAT HIDUP

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DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel Halaman

1. Parameter kualitas tanah yang baik untuk pemeliharaan udang............. 12

2. Jenis tambak dan perlakuan persiapan.................................................... 12

3. Jadwal kegiatan persiapan media............................................................ 15

4. Aklimatisasi benur berdasarkan perbedaan salinitas dan

suhu antara air tambak dan hathery ........................................................ 18

5. Perkiraan dosis pemberian pakan pada udang........................................ 21

6. Hubungan antara pH air dan Kehidupan udang....................................... 25

7. Peralatan yang digunakan selama pelaksanaan Praktek Akhir............... 35

8. Bahan yang digunakan dalam pemeliharaan........................................... 36

9. Jadwal pengukuran parameter kualitas air............................................... 39

10. Pemberian pakan sesuai dengan kode pakan......................................... 57

11. Standar dosis dan pengecekan pemberian pakan anco.......................… 59

12. Komposisi Alkaline-mag.......................................................................... 68

13. Hasil panen selama praktek.................................................................... 80

14. Biaya analisa finansial............................................................................. 84

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DAFTAR GAMBAR

Gambar Halaman

1. Morfologi udang vannamei..........................................................................5

2. Siklus hidup udang vannamei......................................................................7

3. Penataan udang......................................................................................... 32

4. Pembersihan dinding tambak......................................................................48

5. Sarana dan prasarana yang diperbaiki........................................................49

6. Proses pengisian air....................................................................................51

7. Proses penebaran kaporit............................................................................52

8. Pembuatan pemupukan tambak..................................................................53

9. Penebaran benur..................................................................................……55

10. Feed additive...............................................................................................58

11. Pemberian pakan dengan menggunakan pakan anco...............................60

12. Grafik pertumbuhan harian..........................................................................60

13. Grafik pengukuran salinitas.........................................................................62

14. Grafik pengukuran DO (Disolveed Oxygen)................................................64

15. Grafik pengukuran derajat keasaman (pH)..................................................66

16. Alkaline-mag..........................................................................................…..67

17. Grafik pengukuran kecerahan.....................................................................68

18. Grafik pengukuran amonia..........................................................................70

19. Grafik pengukuran Nitrit (N02)......................................................................71

20. Grafik pengukuran Nitrat (NO3)....................................................................72

21. Proses pergantian air...................................................................................74

22. Probiotik komersil cair..................................................................................75

23. Proses pemanenan......................................................................................79

24. Grafik mortalitas...........................................................................................81

25. Proses penanganan hasil panen.................................................................82

26. Penyusunan udang dalam box....................................................................83

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DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

Lampiran.

1. Peta lokasi

2. Hasil pengukuran kualitas air

3. Program pakan awal per 100.000 benur

4. Data pertumbuhan

5. Analisa usaha

6. Struktur organisasi

7. Denah lokasi

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