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DAFTAR ISI
HALAMAN JUDUL ............................................................................................ i
LEMBAR PENGESAHAN .................................................................................. ii
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN ORISINALITAS ................................................. iii
HALAMAN PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI ............................ iv
ABSTRAK .......................................................................................................... v
ABSTRACT ....................................................................................................... vi
KATA PENGANTAR ....................................................................................... vii
DAFTAR ISI .................................................................................................... viii
DAFTAR GAMBAR ........................................................................................... x
DAFTAR TABEL ............................................................................................. xii
DAFTAR SIMBOL .......................................................................................... xiii
BAB I PENDAHULUAN ................................................................................... 1
1.1 Latar Belakang Masalah ................................................................................... 1
1.2 Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................................. 2
1.3 Batasan Masalah .............................................................................................. 2
1.4 Lokasi Penelitian ............................................................................................. 2
1.5 Perangkat Lunak .............................................................................................. 2
1.6 Sistematika Penulisan ...................................................................................... 3
BAB II TEORI DASAR...................................................................................... 4
2.1 Tinjauan Umum Batuan Karbonat .................................................................... 4
2.2 Analisis Data Sumur ................................................................................ 5
2.3 Konsep Dasar Fisika Batuan ..................................................................... 7
2.3.1 Estimasi Modulus Elastik Fluida .............................................................. 7
2.3.2 Kecepatan Gelombang-P dan Gelombang-S ............................................. 9
2.3.3 Densitas ................................................................................................. 10
2.3.4 Porositas ................................................................................................ 10
2.4 Effective Medium Theory ............................................................................... 11
2.4.2 Teori Inklusi .......................................................................................... 13
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2.4.3 Metode Kuster Toksoz ........................................................................... 13
2.4.4 Persamaan Biot Gassmann ..................................................................... 15
2.4.5 Persamaan Castagna ............................................................................... 16
BAB III TINJAUAN GEOLOGI....................................................................... 17
3.1 Tinjauan Umum Geologi Regional ................................................................. 17
3.2 Tektonostratigrafi dan Struktur Geologi ......................................................... 18
3.3 Stratigrafi Regional ........................................................................................ 19
BAB IV METODOLOGI PENELITIAN ........................................................... 22
4.1 Diagram Alir ................................................................................................. 22
4.2 Data ............................................................................................................... 23
4.3 Voight dan Reuss Bound ................................................................................ 24
4.6 Kuster Toksoz Model ..................................................................................... 25
4.7 Subtitusi Biot Gassmann ................................................................................ 25
4.8 Persamaan Castagna ...................................................................................... 25
BAB V HASIL DAN PEMBAHASAN ............................................................. 26
5.1 Crossplot Vp vs Porositas .............................................................................. 26
5.2 Penentuan Litofasies ...................................................................................... 27
5.3 Pemodelan Kuster Toksoz .............................................................................. 29
5.3 Analisis Perbandingan Vp,Vs Prediction dan Measurement ............................ 32
BAB VI PENUTUP ........................................................................................... 35
6.1 Kesimpulan.................................................................................................... 35
6.2 Saran ............................................................................................................. 35
DAFTAR PUSTAKA ........................................................................................ 36
LAMPIRAN ...................................................................................................... 38
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DAFTAR GAMBAR
Gambar 2.1 Tipe pori pada batuan karbonat (Choquette dan Pray, 1970). ......................5
Gambar 2.2 Respon log Gamma Ray terhadap batuan (Malcolm Rider, 2002) ................6
Gambar 2.3 Respon log densitas terhadap batuan (Malcolm Rider, 2002) .......................7
Gambar 2.4 Arah perambatan gelombang P dan gelombang S (Hampson, dan Russell,
2009). ..........................................................................................................9
Gambar 2.5 model Voigt-Reuss-Hill (Mavko, 2009) .................................................... 12
Gambar 2.6 Skematik pore aspect ratio ........................................................................ 13
Gambar 2.7 Kurva referensi pemodelan Kuster Toksoz (Wang et al, 1997). ................. 15
Gambar 2.8 Data ultrasonik laboratorium untuk water-saturaed limestone. ................... 16
Gambar 3.1 Peta lokasi area studi blok F3. Terletak di sektor Belanda, Laut Utara. ...... 17
Gambar 3.2 Kerangka tektonik dan penampang regional Laut Utara (Rondeel, Batjes and
Nieuwenhuijs,1996). Kotak merah menunjukkan blok F3 (area studi). ...... 18
Gambar 3.3 Stratigrafi di lapangan “F3”. Formasi Zechstein salt, ZE1, ZE2, ZE3
Carbonate merupakan zona yang diminati pada penelitian ini (Rondeel, Batjes
and Nieuwenhuijs,1996). .......................................................................... 19
Gambar 3.4 Detail stratigrafi dan kerangka tektonik di Cekungan Laut Utara. .............. 20
Gambar 4.1 diagram alir penelitian .............................................................................. 22
Gambar 4.2 Ilustrasi pemodelan fisika batuan .............................................................. 23
Gambar 4.3 Data Log F03-2. (a) Gamma Ray, (b) densitas, (c) Vp, (d) porositas.......... 24
Gambar 5.1 crossplot persebaran Vp vs porositas sumur “F03-2”.................................. 26
Gambar 5.2 Crossplot Vp dan porositas lapisan batuan karbonat. .................................. 27
Gambar 5.3 Litofasies Batuan Karbonat sumur F03-2. ................................................. 28
Gambar 5.4 Litofasies Batuan Karbonat sumur F06-1. ................................................. 28
Gambar 5.5 Plotting kurva Kuster Toksoz model menggunakan Python. (a) sumur F03-2
(b) sumur F06-1......................................................................................... 30
Gambar 5.6. Ilustrasi model geometri pori pada batuan karbonat beserta thin section
(Wang et al, 1997). .................................................................................... 31
Gambar 5.8 Plotting Vp measurement, Vs Castagna dan Vp-Vs prediction terhadap
kedalaman dengan nilai aspek rasio yang berbeda pada (a)Sumur F03-2 (b)
Sumur F06-1. ............................................................................................ 33
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Gambar 5.9 (a) Crossplot Vp measurement vs Vp prediction, (b) Vs Castagna vs Vs
prediction pada Sumur F03-2 dan Sumur F06-1. ............................................................ 34
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DAFTAR TABEL
Tabel 2.1 Koefisien P dan Q untuk beberapa bentuk geometri pori (Berryman,
1996) ................................................................................................. 13
Tabel 4.1 Ketersediaan data log ........................................................................ 23
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DAFTAR SIMBOL
K = bulk modulus (GPa)
𝐾m = bulk modulus mineral batuan
𝜇m = shear modulus mineral batuan
𝐾i = bulk modulus fluida batuan
𝜇i = shear modulus fluida batuan
𝐾KT = bulk modulus mineral Model Kuster Toksoz batuan
𝜇KT = shear modulus mineral Model Kuster Toksoz batuan
Qmi, Pmi = koefisien yang menggambarkan efek inclusion fluida didalam
mineral batuan
fi = fraksi modulus elastik mineral batuan (%)
Sw = saturasi air (%)
Vp = kecepatan gelombang P (km/s)
Vs = kecepatan gelombang S (km/s)
α = aspek rasio
µ = shear modulus (GPa)
ρ = densitas (kg/m3)
𝜙 = porositas (%)