DAFTAR ISI

HALAMAN JUDUL ..................................................................................... i HALAMAN PENGESAHAN PEMBIMBING ............................................. ii HALAMAN PENGESAHAN TIM PENGUJI .............................................. iii MOTTO ......................................................................................................... iv PERSEMBAHAN .......................................................................................... v KATA PENGANTAR ................................................................................... vi ABSTRAK ..................................................................................................... viii DAFTAR ISI ................................................................................................. ix DAFTAR GAMBAR .................................................................................... xi DAFTAR TABEL ......................................................................................... xii DAFTAR LAMPIRAN ................................................................................. xiii PERNYATAAN KEASLIAN TULISAN ..................................................... xiv

BAB I PENDAHULUAAN .......................................................................... 1

A. Latar Belakang ................................................................................... 1 B. Rumusan Masalah .............................................................................. 10 C. Tujuan Penelitian ............................................................................... 11 D. Manfaat Penelitian ............................................................................. 11 E. Sisematika Pembahasan ..................................................................... 12

BAB II KAJIAN TEORI ............................................................................. 14 A. Penyandang Autis .............................................................................. 14

1. Pengertian Penyandang Autis........................................................ 14 2. Karakteristik Penyandang Autis .................................................... 16 3. Penyebab Penyandang Autis ......................................................... 17 4. Identifikasi Penyandang Autis ...................................................... 18 5. Penyembuh Penyandang Autis ...................................................... 24

B. Motorik Halus .................................................................................... 24 1. Pengertian Motorik Halus ............................................................. 24 2. Faktor Yang Mempengaruhi Motorik Halus ................................. 27 3. Tingkatan Perkembangan Motorik Halus ..................................... 27 4. Konsep Dasar Perkembangan Motorik Halus ............................... 29 5. Manfaat Kemampuan Motorik Bagi Perkembangan Anak ........... 30 6. Bahaya dan Perkembangan Motorik ............................................. 31

C. Terapi Okupasi (Occupational Therapy) ........................................... 32 1. Pengertian Terapi Okupasi (Occupational Therapy) .................... 32 2. Jenis Terapi Okupasi ..................................................................... 33 3. Tujuan Terapi Bagi Penyandang Autis ......................................... 34

ix

4. Aspek Terapi Okupasi ................................................................... 34 D. Terapi Bermain .................................................................................. 36

1. Pengertian Terapi Bermain............................................................ 36 2. Batasan Terapi Bermain ................................................................ 36 3. Pelaksanaan Terapi Bermain ......................................................... 37 4. Ragam dan Jenis Terapi Bermain.................................................. 37

E. Penyusunan Gambar (Puzzle) ............................................................ 38 1. Pengertian Penyusunan Gambar (Puzzle) ..................................... 38

F. Pengaruh Terapi Okupasi (Occupational Therapy) Menggunakan Penyusunan Gambar (Puzzle) untuk Melatih Motorik Halus ............ 41

G. Kerangka Teoritik .............................................................................. 43 H. Hipotesis ............................................................................................ 48

BAB III METODE PENELITIAN……………………………………. 49 A. Jenis dan Pendekatan Penelitian ........................................................ 49 B. Subyek Penelitian .............................................................................. 53 C. Instrumen Pengumpulan Data ............................................................ 55

1. Definisi Operasional ...................................................................... 55 2. Check list ....................................................................................... 56

D. Analisis Data ...................................................................................... 59

BAB IV HASIL PENELITIAN DAN PEMBAHASAN ........................... 61 A. Hasil Penelitian .................................................................................. 61

1. Persiapan dan Pelaksanaan Penelitian ........................................... 61 2. Deskripsi Hasil Penelitian ............................................................. 65

B. Pengujian Hipotesis ........................................................................... 80 C. Pembahasan Hasil Penelitian ............................................................. 84

BAB V PENUTUP ....................................................................................... 87 A. Kesimpulan ........................................................................................ 87 B. Saran .................................................................................................. 87

DAFTAR PUSTAKA ................................................................................... 89

LAMPIRAN-LAMPIRAN .......................................................................... 92

BIOGRAFI

x

DAFTAR GAMBAR

GAMBAR 2.1 Kerangka Teoritik………………………………………...... 47

xi

DAFTAR TABEL

Tabel 2.1 CARS (Childhood Autism Rating Scale)………………………. 20 Tabel 4.1 Susunan Materi pada Saat Intervensi………………………….. 62 Tabel 4.2 Jadwal Observasi Penyandang Autis di Cakra Autisme

Surabaya……………………………………………………………. 63 Tabel 4.3 Pretest Penyusunan Gambar (puzzle) Penyandang Autis…….. 66 Tabel 4.4 Treatment I Penyusunan Gambar (puzzle) Penyandang Autis.. 69 Tabel 4.5 Treatment II Penyusunan Gambar (puzzle) Penyandang

Autis………………………………………………………………..... 72 Tabel 4.6Treatment III Penyusunan Gambar (puzzle) Penyandang

Autis…………………………………………………………………. 75 Table 4.7 Treatment IV Penyusunan Gambar (puzzle) Penyandang

Autis…………………………………………………………………. 79 Tabel 4.8 Postest Penyusunan Gambar (puzzle) Penyandang Autis.……. 80 Tabel 4.9 Hasil Prosentase Perkembangan Penyandang Autis Selama Proses

Eksperimen Berlangsung..…………………………………………. 80

xii

DAFTAR LAMPIRAN

LAMPIRAN A: Identifikasi Penyandang Autis……………………………. 92

LAMPIRAN B: Hasil dari Pretest, Treatment dan Postets..………………. 110

LAMPIRAN C: Pengelolaan Data…………………………………………… 113

xiii