daily food for thought 1 why do animals have different breeds?
TRANSCRIPT
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Daily Food for Thought
1
Why do animals have different breeds?
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I CAN ASSESS SITUATIONS AND DETERMINE WHICH BREEDS WILL BEST FIT THE SITUATIONS.
Learning Target
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Animals that, through selection and breeding, have come to resemble one
another and pass on their traits uniformly to their offspring.
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Beef BreedsWhat’s the difference between
British breeds and
continental breeds?
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CHARACTERISTICS1. DEVELOPED IN THE
BRITISH ISLES 2. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
IS BOS TAURUS3. TEND TO BE SMALLER
STATURE AND FINISH FASTER (FATTEN)
British Breeds
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• Origin: Aberdeen, Scotland
• Characteristics: Black, some have white bellies, polled*
• Smooth hair coat• Medium frame size• Heavy muscled
– *Polled: born without horns (genetic trait)
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• Origin: Herefordshire, England
• Characteristics: Light yellow to cherry red with white belly; thick, curly hair coat
• Medium frame size• Medium muscled
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• Origin: Northern England
• Characteristics: Color varies, mostly roan (red and white color)
• Medium to large frame size
• Medium muscle
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CHARACTERISTICS1. DEVELOPED IN EUROPEAN
CONTINENT2. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
IS BOS TAURUS3. TEND TO BE LARGER AND
LEANER
Continental Breeds
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• Origin: South Central France
• Characteristics: Most commonly red; can be black with lighter eyes and belly
• Medium to large frame size, long body
• Heavy muscle
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• Origin: Northwest France
• Characteristics: Deep red with white markings; most commonly solid black in color
• Large frame size• Heavily muscled
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Charolais• Originated from France• White in color• Can be horned or polled• Heavily muscled• Considered a bull breed - because they add
weight through muscle• Heavy birth weights• Late maturing – larger carcass weight
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Simmental
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Simmental
• Originated from Switzerland• Can be either yellow/red with white or red with
white patches• In the US we tend to breed more for black and
white by crossing with Angus• Was originally dual purpose, now used mainly as
a beef breed• Larger mature size – increased input =
increased output, greater feed efficiency• Larger Carcass yield but also good milkers
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Chianina
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Chianina
• Originated in Italy (Chiana Valley-Tuscany)• White to steel gray in color with black points
(nose, hooves, switch) • One of the oldest breeds - used as models for
Roman sculpture• Horned• Extremely large frame• Low milk production• Terminal breed
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CHARACTERISTICS1. DEVELOPED IN ASIA AND
INDIA2. SCIENTIFIC CLASSIFICATION
IS BOS INDICUS3. LARGER, LESS MUSCLE,
DROOPY EARS, LOTS OF SKINS
Zebu Breeds
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Brahman• Originated from Bos indicus cattle
(Zebu) from India• Various colors, but greys and browns are
predominant• Characteristic hump over shoulder, large
droopy ears, and lots of excess skin under neck and belly
• Bos Indicus breed of cattle (not Bos Taurus) • Heat and parasite resistance (big advantage)• Low birth weights and good mothering ability• Undesirable carcass traits (big disadvantage)
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Santa Gertrudis
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Santa Gertrudis
• Developed on the King Ranch in Texas,USA
• Cross of 5/8 Shorthorn and 3/8 Brahman
• Deep cherry red to reddish brown in color
• Can be horned or polled
• Long, droopy ears, lots of skin under neck and sheath
• Resistance to heat and parasites
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Beefmaster
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Beefmaster
• Developed in the USA• 3 way cross between Hereford (1/4),
Shorthorn (1/4), and Brahman (1/2)• Selected for ability to grow well under
range conditions (out in LARGE areas of land, means they must be able to grow well without additional feed and little extra care)
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Longhorn
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Longhorn• Originated in the Mexico/USA• Generally multicolored• Characteristic long horns• Bred historically for meat and trail drive to
market• Now bred mainly as a hobby (roping cattle,
for their horns)• Poor meat quality• High fertility
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DESIGN YOUR OWN BEEF OPERATION AND SELECT TWO BREEDS TO CROSSBREED. EXPLAIN WHAT TRAITS EACH HAVE THAT MAKE THEM SUITABLE FOR YOUR OPERATION.BE SURE TO SAY WHERE IT IS LOCATED AND WHAT YOU WILL TARGET AS A MARKET.
EXIT Slip
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Daily Food for Thought
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What important contributions to human society have pigs given?
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I CAN ASSESS SITUATIONS AND DETERMINE WHICH BREEDS WILL BEST FIT THE SITUATIONS.
Learning Target
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Swine Breeds
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Duroc
• Originated in the United States
• Solid red • Drooped ears• Slight dish to the face• Excellent meat type
hog
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Hampshire
• Originated in the United States (Ky)
• Probably the oldest American breed
• Black with a white belt• Small, erect ears• Well-known meat
breed
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Chester White
• Originated in Chester County, Pennsylvania
• White with drooped ears
• Mothering breed• Known to produce
large litters
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Yorkshire
• Originated in England
• White • Large, erect ears• Known as “The
Mother Breed”• Produces large
litters
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Landrace
• Origin-Denmark
• Ears-Droopy• Color-White• Misc.-
extremely long body
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Berkshire
• Originated in England• Black with white legs,
snout and switch• Once kept at
Buckingham Palace• Known for producing
high quality meats• Erect ears
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Poland China
• Originated in Ohio from Berkshires
• Noted for ability to easily gain weight
• Quiet dispositions• Black with white
snouts, legs and switch• Generally poor
mothers• Drooped ears
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Spots
• Developed in Indiana
• Black and white spots
• Efficient feeders• Noted for rapid
weight gain
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Hereford
• Originated in Missouri• Developed from
crossing Berkshires and Durocs
• Red with white face, legs and underline
• Medium-sized, drooping ear
• Long neck
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Tamworth
• Originated in Ireland• Red in color• A noted bacon
breed• Deep-sided• Well-arched back• Erect ears• Good mothers • Very active
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Pietrain• A heavily muscled
European breed, the Pietrain carried/carrys the STRESS gene, associated with high muscling, but susceptibility to PSE (pork quality) problems and stress susceptibility (leading to increased mortality).
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Review
• Name the 3 white breeds and the differences between them
• Name the 2 breeds with black bodies and six white points and the differences between them.
• Name the 3 red breeds and the differences between them
• Name the 2 breeds that have spots and the differences between them
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Swine Breed Quiz
1. What is the name of this breed?
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Swine Breed Quiz
2. What is the name of this breed?
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Swine Breed Quiz
3. What is the name of this breed?
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Swine Breed Quiz
4. What is the name of this breed?
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Swine Breed Quiz
• Originated in England
• Black with white legs, snout and switch
• Once kept at Buckingham Palace
• Known for producing high quality meats
• Erect ears
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5. What breed has the following traits?
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Sheep Breeds
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SuffolkSuffolkAs the name could infer, it As the name could infer, it
developed in Englanddeveloped in England
Legs Legs & & head are free of wool; head are free of wool; && possess black hair possess black hair
Are long legged Are long legged && muscular muscular
Has very regal appearanceHas very regal appearance
It is a large to very large It is a large to very large breed of sheepbreed of sheep
Photo: Myrna Fisher/Lynn Conley University of Nevada-Reno
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HampshireHampshireOriginated in EnglandOriginated in England
It has black hair on its legs It has black hair on its legs && head, it has also black head, it has also black pigmentation of nose, pigmentation of nose, mouth, mouth, && hooves hooves
The legs are free of wool The legs are free of wool below the knee/hockbelow the knee/hock
The face is free of wool, The face is free of wool, but wool is present on but wool is present on the forehead/pollthe forehead/poll
A medium to large breedA medium to large breedPhoto: Myrna Fisher/Lynn Conley, University of Nevada-Reno
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SouthdownSouthdownOriginated in EnglandOriginated in England
It is all white; with It is all white; with grayish pigmentation of grayish pigmentation of mouth, nose, mouth, nose, && ears ears
Is completely wool Is completely wool covered, from its nose covered, from its nose to its hoovesto its hooves
Adaptable Adaptable && early early maturingmaturing
Small to medium size Small to medium size breedbreed
Photo: Sally Anne Thompson
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DorsetDorset Originated in WalesOriginated in WalesOut of season breedersOut of season breeders
They are all whiteThey are all white
Can be polled or hornedCan be polled or horned
Have wool on legs Have wool on legs && head, except for facehead, except for face
A thicker breed, with A thicker breed, with good muscle good muscle conformation; so has a conformation; so has a desirable carcassdesirable carcass
It is a medium sized It is a medium sized breedbreed
Photo: Unknown Source
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Wool Breeds
Fine Wool
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MerinoMerino
Finest wool breed in the world.
Originated in Spain
Merino wool is finely crimped and soft.
Photo: Unknown Source
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RambouilletRambouilletAs the name indicates, As the name indicates,
the breed has roots in the breed has roots in FranceFrance
Both sexes are horned, Both sexes are horned, && they are very they are very distinguished distinguished && regal regal in appearancein appearance
Has loose skin from Has loose skin from neck to breast/chest neck to breast/chest floor areafloor area
It is a large breed of It is a large breed of sheepsheep
Photo: Unknown Source
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Wool BreedsCarpet Wool
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CotswoldCotswoldOriginated in England
(Hills of Gloucester)
Has white face & legs
Dark pigmentation of the nose, mouth, inside the ears, & on the hooves
Fleece is carried in locks & is quite abundant from the foretop/poll
A medium to large breedPhoto: Unknown Source
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LincolnLincoln Originated in EnglandIt is all white; with dark
pigmentation of the nose, mouth, & inside the ears
The fleece is carried in very heavy locks & it is well wooled to knees/hocks
It has a well pronounced foretop/poll of long wool
It is often or commonly referred to as the world’s largest breed of sheepPhoto: Myrna Fisher/Lynn Conley,
University of Nevada-Reno
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• Other Breeds
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BarbadoBarbadoOriginated in Texas
Tan, tan with pale belly, tan with black belly, or pied are most common color/color pattern
Hair Sheep
Due to distinctive horns, used as trophy animal on big game ranches
Photo: Lynn Magedson
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TunisTunisOne of oldest breeds that
is indigenous to the US
Beige/creamy color wool
Both sexes are polled, & the ears are rather large
Adaptable & disease resistance
Medium size, meat sheep
Photo: Unknown Source
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Exit Slip
• Develop a chart listing breed name, place of origin, use, characteristics.
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