daily review #5
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Daily Review #5. Make the following conversions: 5.4 m = ? km 0.87 kg = ? mg 2.04 cL = ? mL What are 3 pieces of evidence to support the Big Bang theory? How would you know if a spectrum is red-shifted and what would it mean about that object? - PowerPoint PPT PresentationTRANSCRIPT
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15. Make the following conversions:5.4 m = ? km0.87 kg = ? mg2.04 cL = ? mL
16. What are 3 pieces of evidence to support the Big Bang theory?
17. How would you know if a spectrum is red-shifted and what would it mean about that object?
18. What are some things you have heard are in space that you are unsure of or have questions on?
Daily Review #5
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What is Space? Not really empty Stars, planets, etc. Interstellar medium
◦ Dust and Gas◦ Nebulas
Orion Nebulahttp://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/nebula/pr1995044a/
Large Magellanic Cloudhttp://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/nebula/pr2006055a/
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Nebular Hypothesis Random collisions of atoms
Areas of growing mass◦Spherical shape◦Pull in more matter
Increase in Temperature Pressure
Spin - creates a bulge in the sphere
http://physics.uoregon.edu/~jimbrau/BrauImNew/Chap06/FG06_17.jpg
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Nuclear Fusion
Fermi National Labhttp://www.wired.com/playbook/2012/08/olympics-physics-hammer-throw/
http://www.universetoday.com/52696/nuclear-fusion-power-closer-to-reality-say-two-separate-teams/
Eventually…. High temperatures 2 particles become 1 Releases a lot of energy
Particle accelerators◦Man-made◦Create new elements◦Find smallest particles◦Recreating the early
universe conditions
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Color and Temperature Objects give off a variety of light Peak depends on temperature
◦ Peak shows most common type of light
http://docs.kde.org/stable/en/kdeedu/kstars/ai-colorandtemp.html
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White dwarfs Red giants
Red supergiants Blue giants
H-R Diagram
http://www.rootstown.sparcc.org/mattjust/h-r-diagram
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How do we know how far away that is?
Parallax effect◦ Compare distant stars to
nearby stars◦ Measure shift as Earth
orbits the Sun◦ Calculate the distance
Further away = less of a shift
Better technology = see smaller shifts = measure larger distances
http://lifeng.lamost.org/courses/astrotoday/CHAISSON/AT301/HTML/AT30105.HTM
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Looking Back in Time If a star is 10 light
years away◦ How old is the light we
see today?◦ Is that star still there
today? If an alien is on a
planet 10 million light years away◦ If they could see with the
Earth with great detail, what would they see right now?
When we observe light from a star 2 billion light years away….what does that mean?
http://www.spacetelescope.org/images/heic1214c/
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Quiz –◦Quiet until everyone is done◦Eyes on own paper◦Turn in when finished Bring me your binder if you didn’t have
it set up last time What are the differences in the types of stars?
How are all stars the same?
Daily Review #6
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Main Sequence Stars Wide variety Highest # of stars Actively fusing
hydrogen into helium◦ Outward pressure
from fusion◦ Inward pressure
from gravity◦ Equal in these stars◦ Maintain size
http://www.thenakedscientists.com/HTML/articles/article/the-science-of-the-supernova/
http://science.howstuffworks.com/sun.htm
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What happens to our Sun?
Form red giants◦ Fusing
helium◦ Core
collapsing◦ Outer layers
spread out Cools
http://flightline.highline.edu/iglozman/classes/astronotes/media/2paths.jpg
http://www.physics.uc.edu/~hanson/ASTRO/LECTURENOTES/StarLife/Page7.html
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What then? Forms a white dwarf
◦ Ran out of helium No more fusion
◦ Outer gasses moving away Planetary nebula
◦ Leaves a hot, dense core
http://chandra.harvard.edu/xray_sources/white_dwarfs.html
Ring Nebulahttp://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/nebula/planetary/pr2004032d/
Cat’s Eye Nebulahttp://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/nebula/planetary/pr2004027a/
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What about the fate of larger stars? Become red
supergiants◦ Fuse elements larger
than helium All the way to iron
◦ Short lives Supernova
◦ No more fusion◦ Core violently explodes◦ Fuses heavier atoms◦ Very bright, short time◦ Spreads out material
http://flightline.highline.edu/iglozman/classes/astronotes/media/2paths.jpg
http://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/nebula/supernova_remnant/pr2005037a/
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What then?
Forms a neutron star◦If a lower mass
core◦Very dense
Not very big Lots of gravity
◦Can produce gamma and x-rays when it pulls items into it
Neutron star in supernova Cassiopeia Ahttp://www.space-pictures.com/view/pictures-of-space/pictures-of-stars/neutron-star/index.php
http://www.clccharter.org/maya1/Supernova/supernova.html
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Or… Forms a black hole
◦ Higher mass cores◦ Infinitely dense◦ Need to travel faster than the
speed of light to escape How can we see?
◦ Will bend light from nearby stars
◦ See dust and gas swirling around Hot enough to give off x-
rays Probably at the center of
most galaxies◦ Including ours!
Video Whirlpool Galaxyhttp://hubblesite.org/gallery/album/pr2001010a/
http://www.space.com/15421-black-holes-facts-formation-discovery-sdcmp.html