Dairy sector in TurkeySema Yaman

Livestock Central Research Institute, Ankara16 May 2013 - Bucharest

FP7 REDNEX MEETING

Animal husbandry and dairy cattle sector in national economy and agricultural sector

Animal husbandry has a great potential and is well placed in Turkish national economy and agricultural sector.

The contribution of livestock production is 26,5% in the agricultural production value (of 89.782 million TL).

And the greatest contribution to livestock production value comes from cow milk as much as 42 % of it.

Contribution of milk production in agricultural production is 11.2%

Dairy cattle, is main and/ or side employment source of millions living in rural. Means, economically and socially vey important sector and employment source (Anonymous 2009).Anonymous 2009 : Agriculture in Turkey with economical indications 2008, AERI Pub No:176

Statistics of dairy sector• Cow milk supplies approximatly 92% of total milk

production in Turkey

• It is 98% and 83,5% for EU(27) and for world respectively.

• Proportion of sheep and goat milk in the total milk produce; 6,1 % and 1,97 %as respectively

Number of animals

years cattle buffalo Total large ruminants

sheep goat Total small ruminats

2002 9.803.498 121.077 9.924.575 25.173.706 6.780.094 31.953.800

2003 9.803.498 121.077 9.924.575 25.173.706 6.780.094 31.953.80

2004 10.069.346 103.900 10.173.246 25.201.15 6.609.937 31.811.092

2005 10.526.440 104.965 10.631.405 25.304.325 6.517.464 31.821.789

2006 10.871.364 100.516 10.971.880 25.616.912 6.643.294 32.260.206

2007 11.036.753 84.705 11.121.458 25.475.293 6.286.358 31.761.651

2008 10.859.942 86.297 10.946.239 23.974.591 5.593.561 29.568.152

2009 10.723.958 87.207 10.811.165 21.749.508 5.128.285 26.877.793

2010 11.369.800 84.726 11.454.526 23.089.691 6.293.233 29.382.924

2011 12.386.337 97.632 12.483.969 25.031.565 7.277.953 32.309.518

Change (%) 2002-2011

26,3 -19,3 25,7 -0,56 7,3 1,1

Milk production (species and breed) Üretim (Ton)

cont cont changeAnimal 2010 (%) 2011 (%) (%)

Milk Production 13 543 674 100,00 15 056 211 100,00 11,2

cow 12 418 544 91,69 13 802 428 91,67 11,1

Egzotic (cultured) 6 309 065 46,58 7 239 644 48,08 14,7

Crossbred 4 861 835 35,90 5 341 224 35,48 9,9

native 1 247 644 9,21 1 221 560 8,11 -2,1sheep 816 832 6,03 892 822 5,93 9,3

merino 24 710 0,18 27 245 0,18 10,3native 792 122 5,85 865 577 5,75 9,3 Keçi 272 811 2,01 320 588 2,13 17,5

Hair goat 270 476 2,00 318 273 2,11 17,7Angora goat 2 335 0,02 2 315 0,02 -0,8

buffalo 35 487 0,26 40 372 0,27 13,8TSO (Turkish

Statistics Org.)

• In 2011, total milk production in Turkey was increased compare to previous years production as much as 10,6% contrary to decrease in world milk production.

Structure of dairy sector in Turkeysize of farms

Average size of the dairy farms in Turkey is small. Turkish Statistics Organization 2011 reported that farms have 1-9 head cattle is 81,1 % of the dairy farms.

Size of the farms (head cattle)

1to 9 10 to 19 20 to 49 50 to 149 150-299 300

81,1% 12,8 5,4% 0,7% 0,0 0,0

Size of farms

According to General Agricultural stock counting in 2001 and other work in 2006, it is not wrong to say; there are 1,1 million dairy farms and the average size of them is 4 head cattle.

crop and livestock productionland size

In Turkey 97% of livestock enterprises rearing large ruminant are doing both crop and livestock production.% of Agricultural

enterprisesLand size, da % Land

cultivated% of cattle population

61,9 <50 20,5 4720,4 50-99 21,6 25,511,8 100-199 24,5 17,85

6 ≥200 33 10,4

genotype

Various breeds of cattle are reared in Turkey, but in statistics gentype of groups are stated instead of spesific breeds name. These groups are; - Cultured breeds wich includes all breeds brought from abroud and rised in Turkey as pure,-Native breeds of Turkey,-And crossbreeds between cultured breeds and native ones.

Number of genotype in cattle population

years total Native breeds Cross-breeds Cultured breeds

Numb. % Numb. % Numb. %

1990 11377 6 690 58,8 3 675 32,3 1013 8,9

1993 11 910 6 126 51,4 4 342 36,5 1 442 12,1

1996 11 886 5 182 43,6 4 909 41,3 1 795 15,1

1999 11 054 4 446 40,2 4 826 43,7 1782 16,1

2002 9 803 3 586 36,6 4 358 44,4 1860 19,0

2003 9 788 3563 36,4 4285 43,8 1941 19,8

2004 10 069 3 565 35,4 4395 43,6 2109 20,9

2005 10 526 3633 34,5 4538 43,1 2355 22,4

2006 10 871 3 405 31,3 4694 43,2 2772 25,5

2007 11 037 3 276 29,7 4465 40,5 3296 29,9

2008 10 860 2 851 26,2 4455 41,0 3555 32,7

genotype

Selection of cultured breeds are affected by coordinated countries and dominated breed in those countries;

For example, Holstein predominating breed in world dairy industry is also highly populated cultured breed in Turkey. Brown Swiss and Simmental were following Holstein population in Turkey.

Milk yields

Considiring milk yields, there areimportant differences between regions, provinces and farms as well as differences between genotypes.Average milk yields of dairy cattle registered in national herd book is about 6 tons. There are farms average milk yields of cows are 2-3 tons as well as average milk yields of some farms per cow 11 tons too.

Milk yield of farms registered in breeding dairy cattle assosiation in Turkey

Calving year Number of lactation

Lactation milk yield, Kg/305 days

Holstein 200 14739 60792001 23819 59862002 33728 58202003 55209 57902004 83610 57842005 119003 58172006 191017 58732007 258068 58372008 216707 58102009 5632 5239

Manure management

Manure production in dairy cattle is always surplus and it is very difficult to handle it.Above all most of dairy cattle farms in rural area in Turkey has no manure storage and maintenance facility.For many farms in rural area common practice of handling manure is to take manure out from barn and keep it nearby some time and after that to move away.

Environmental managementInstitutional responsibility in waste management was shared between Ministry of Environment and Urban and Ministry of Food Agriculture Livestock in Turkey.

According to «Environment impact assesment regulations» 0/6/2011-27980

Supervision of environmental ipmpact assesment of enterprises having production capasity of >5000 head large ruminants and 50 tons milk production capacity/ per day would be done by commissions

• Three way aproach should be accepted to improve environmental management level according to Turkish and International standarts;

• 1-awareness raising• 2- establishment of incentive• 3- and identification of legal frame