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Forces and MotionSimple Machines Waves Energy


Which factor would most likely cause acommunications satellite orbiting Earth to return to Earth from its orbit?

F An increase in the satellite’s forward momentumG An increase in solar energy striking the satelliteH A decrease in the satellite’s sizeJ A decrease in the satellite’s velocity


J A decrease in the satellite’s velocity


The weight lifter used a force of 980 N to raise the barbell over her head in 5.21 seconds. Approximately how much work did she do in raising the barbell?

F 380 JG 982 JH 2,000 J J 10,000 J


H 2,000 J


A mechanic used a hydraulic lift to raise a12,054 N car 1.89 m above the floor of a garage. It took 4.75 s to raise the car. What was the power output of the lift?

A 489 WB 1815 WC 4796 WD 30,294 W


C 4796 W


According to this graph, what was the bicycle’s acceleration between 6 and 10 seconds?

A 0.0 m/s 2B 0.65 m/s 2C 1.6 m/s 2D 6.5 m/s 2


A 0.0 m/s 2


These data were gathered by four groups of students. Each group performed four trials to determinethe acceleration rate of a toy car. Which group had the most-consistent data?

F Group QG Group RH Group SJ Group T


J Group T


What is the efficiency of a pulley system if25% of the energy applied to the system isconverted to heat?

A 100%B 75%C 50%D 25%


B 75%


Which lever arrangement requires the least effort force to raise a 500 N resistance?


F


What is the efficiency of an air conditioner ifthere is a work input of 320 J and a workoutput of 80 J?

F 4%G 25%H 240%J 400%


G 25%


The space shuttle orbits Earth at approximately 8000 m/s. The shuttle stays in orbit because the —

A shuttle’s action is balanced by Earth’s equal and opposite reactionB combination of gravity and the shuttle’s inertia creates a curved path parallel to Earth’s surfaceC net gravitational force is zero at the shuttle’s distance from Earth’s centerD force of Earth’s gravity pulls the shuttle downward and the force of the moon’s gravity pulls the shuttle upward


B combination of gravity and the shuttle’s inertia creates a curved path parallel to Earth’s surface


A catapult was designed to project a small metal ball at a target. The resulting data are shown in the table. Which of these mightexplain the difference between the calculated and actual distances?

A The ball landed short of the calculated distance because of an increase in momentum.B Air resistance caused the ball to land short of the calculated distance.C Initial mass of the ball changed with each trial.D The metal ball was too small for accurate measurements to be made.


B Air resistance caused the ball to land short of the calculated distance.


The pitch of a sound made by plucking aguitar string is determined by the —

A frequency of the vibration producedB strength of the plucking forceC distance between the stringsD shape of the guitar body


A frequency of the vibration produced


Which wave has the greatest velocity?


B


When trying to spear a fish in water, a person needs to take into account the way light bends as it moves from water into air. The bending of light as it passes from one medium into another is known as —

F reflectionG refractionH diffractionJ polarization


G refraction


When white light passes through a triangular block of glass or a prism, the light that comes through is a rainbow of colored light: red, orange, yellow, green, blue, and violet. The colors are the result of the refraction, or bending of the beam of white light, and provide evidence that white light is a combination of all the colors. The colors spread out into a spectrum or rainbow because the amount of refraction that occurs depends on the wavelength, and each color has a different wavelength. The wavelength of red is the longest, and the wavelength of violet is the shortest. The shorter the wavelength, the greater the amount of refraction. Thus, violet is refracted the most and red is refracted the least.

Based on the statement above, what is the sequence of the colors yellow, violet, and red when they are arranged in increasing order of the amount of refraction each color undergoes when it passes through a prism?

A. yellow, red, violet B. violet, yellow, red C. red, violet, yellowD. red, yellow, violet


D. red, yellow, violet


The reflection of waves from a surface follows which of the following rules?

A. None of the energy carried by the wave is reflected.

B. The angle of incidence is always normal to the surface.

C. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.

D. Only light waves polarized in the horizontal direction are reflected.


C. The angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.


The moon’s surface becomes hot during the long lunar day because the sun transfers heat to the moon. This heat transfer is accomplished almost entirely through the process of —

F convectionG refractionH conductionJ radiation


J radiation


Battery-powered cars produce less air pollution than gasoline-powered cars. However, one environmental concern of using battery-powered cars is that batteries —

A are heavier than gasoline enginesB waste more energy than gasoline enginesC contain toxic substances that are difficult to dispose ofD produce direct current rather than alternating current


C contain toxic substances that are difficult to dispose of


Assuming the chart contains all energy transformations in the Earth system, how much solar radiation goes toward evaporating water?

F 40,000 terajoulesG 92,410 terajoulesH 121,410 terajoulesJ 133,410 terajoules


F 40,000 terajoules


In which container is the substance unable totransfer heat by convection?


J Aluminum


C6H12O6+ 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O

Glucose Oxygen Carbon Water

dioxide

3000 kJ 300 kJ 200 kJ 150 kJ

Why is the sum of the products’ energy in this reaction less than the sum of the reactants’energy?

A Energy is given off as heat.B The products absorb available energy.C Energy is trapped in the reactants.D The reactants’ energy is less than the melting point of glucose.


A Energy is given off as heat.

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