dancing with gorillas ltsn gees conference 2004 paul redmond, [email protected]
TRANSCRIPT
Drivers of change:
• Globalisation and the deregulation of interconnected, global financial markets
• Technological innovation leading to the democratisation of Information
• Decline of heavy industries and the rise of the service sector
Globalization …
• ‘… the inexorable integration of markets, transportation systems and communication systems to a degree never witnessed before – in a way that is enabling corporations, countries, and individuals to reach around the world farther, faster, deeper and cheaper than ever before’ Friedman, T. (2003)
Global Reach ‘The Rise of Corporate Global Power’, I.P.S. (2000)
• 51 of the world's top 100 economies are corporations. Only 49 are countries.
• Sales of the Top 200 corporations are greater than the joint sales of all countries, minus the biggest ten.
• Top 200 sales equal 27.5% of world economic activity – this by employing just 0.78% of the world’s workforce.
• WAL*MART employs 5% of the Top 200s’ workforce.
Britain’s Fastest Growing Jobs?
Britain’s Fastest Growing Jobs (1990 – 2000) Source: LFS, 2003
0% 50% 100% 150% 200% 250% 300% 350%
Shelf-fillers
IT engineers
Nursery Nurses
Domestic Staff
Business Consultants
Telesales
Electricians
Welfare workers
Classroom assistants
Software Engineers
Hairdressers & salon managers
• ‘Services’ account for 76% of UK jobs and are the ‘dominant source of job creation’ (DTI)
• Manufacturing accounts for 17% (down by 16% in last five years)
• Services employ more women than the economy as a whole
• Public sector, distribution, hotels and restaurants are now the largest employers
• Since 1984, the main job-generating service industry has been ‘business services’
• How has this happened, and what has it got to do with graduates?
Rise of the Service SectorDTI Report, 2001
The Four Pillars of McDonaldization (Ritzer, 2000)
• Efficiency
• Calculability
• Predictability
• Control (via technology)
‘The Golden Arches Theory
of Conflict Resolution’
Friedman, T (2002)
“The ‘surplus society’ has a surplus
of similar companies, employing
similar people, with similar educational backgrounds, coming up
with similar ideas, producing
similar things, with similar prices
and similar quality.”
Kjell Nordström and Jonas Ridderstråle, Funky Business
“While everything may
be better, it is also increasingly the same.”
Paul Goldberger on retail, “The Sameness of Things,” The New York Times
The quiet revolution:Of the UK’s 1.8 million students,
• 57% are women• 51% are over 21 when they enrol• 15% are from ethnic minorities• 5% have a registered disability• 1-in-5 are from private schools• 53% work during term time • Graduate debt currently averages £11,365
Surplus students? (1900 – 2000)
0
200
400
600
800
1000
1200
1900 1910 1920 1930 1940 1950 1960 1970 1980 1990 2000
Year
Stu
dent
No'
s in
HE
(tho
usan
ds)
Student No's
Enrolments by Social Class
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
1940 1945 1950 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000
I-IIIn
III-Vm
Ratio of middle class to working class students at
‘old’ universities
75: 25
Ratio of middle class to working class students at
‘new universities’
68: 32
What do graduates do?
Entering employment:66.9% (67.7%)
Further study: 18.7% (18.4%)
Not available: 6.3% (6.4%)
Seeking: 1.2% (1.2%)
Unemployed: 6.9% (6.3%)
Top 10 for Employment
Top 10 for Employment
Civil Eng. (78.62)
Accountancy (76.3)
Business / Mgnt (76.1)
Media Studies (73.6)
Building (73.2)
Design Studies (70.9)
Drama (70.7)
Sociology (68.9)
Mechanical Eng. (68.0)
IT (66.3)
Top 10 for Employment
Top 10 for Further Study
Civil Eng. (78.62)
Accountancy (76.3)
Business / Mgnt (76.1)
Media Studies (73.6)
Building (73.2)
Design Studies (70.9)
Drama (70.7)
Sociology (68.9)
Mechanical Eng. (68.0)
IT (66.3)
Top 10 for Employment
Top 10 for Further Study
Civil Eng. (78.62) HND (64.6)
Accountancy (76.3) Law (55.6)
Business / Mgnt (76.1) Chemistry (42.6)
Media Studies (73.6) Physics (39.6)
Building (73.2) History (29.4)
Design Studies (70.9) English (29.3)
Drama (70.7) Maths (28.5)
Sociology (68.9) Biology (26.5)
Mechanical Eng. (68.0) Mod.lang’s (23.5)
IT (66.3)
Geography (22.8)
Top 10 for Employment
Top 10 for Further Study
Lowest 10 for Unemployment
Civil Eng. (78.62) HND (64.6)
Accountancy (76.3) Law (55.6)
Business / Mgnt (76.1) Chemistry (42.6)
Media Studies (73.6) Physics (39.6)
Building (73.2) History (29.4)
Design Studies (70.9) English (29.3)
Drama (70.7) Maths (28.5)
Sociology (68.9) Biology (26.5)
Mechanical Eng. (68.0) Mod.lang’s (23.5)
IT (66.3)
Geography (22.8)
Top 10 for Employment
Top 10 for Further Study
Lowest 10 for Unemployment
Civil Eng. (78.62) HND (64.6)
Law (3.8)
Accountancy (76.3) Law (55.6) HND (3.9)
Business / Mgnt (76.1) Chemistry (42.6) Civil Eng. (4.4)
Media Studies (73.6) Physics (39.6) Building (4.5)
Building (73.2) History (29.4) Chemistry (6.0)
Design Studies (70.9) English (29.3)
Geography (6.0)
Drama (70.7) Maths (28.5)
Psychology (6.1)
Sociology (68.9) Biology (26.5)
English (6.4)
Mechanical Eng. (68.0) Mod.lang’s (23.5) Accountancy (6.6)
IT (66.3)
Geography (22.8)
Business / Mgnt (6.7)
Types of work
• Business services: 29.2 (30.9)• Clerical / admin 14.3 (14.0)• IT: 3.5 (4.9)• Science / Health / Social 15.6 (14.9)• Engineering 3.1 (3.5)• Arts / Media / Mktg /PR 8.9 (8.4)• Teaching 7.8 (7.5)• Retail 9.1 (7.5)
Occupational Trends, 1994-2004
0
5
10
15
20
1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004
Source: What do Graduates Do?
% o
f kno
wn
dest
inat
ions
Management
Clerical
Teaching
Retail
IT
‘The Premiership’• In 1998, 27,417 graduates were recruited by
top firms• By 1999, this had fallen to 17,070• 50% fall in industry; 30% in service sector• 2000: 13,879• 2001: 14,629 • 2002: 14,132 • 400,000 graduates are now competing for
around 15,000 ‘fast track’ jobs
Glass ceilings
• Despite achieving consistently higher grades, women’s salary expectations are lower than men’s: £16,000 compared to £18,600
• Aged 24 a female graduate will earn 15% less than a male. The gap widens with age
• The gender pay gap remains the same even when women and men have studied the same subject, achieved the same grade and are employed in the same job!
Percentage of employers using various selection techniques with graduate applicants
1990s 2000s
• Interviews 99% 99%• References 96% 96%• Personality tests 35% 64%• Cognitive tests 30% 70%• Assessment centres 21% 59%
‘Extra-curricula engagement’
• ‘Dress, deportment, speech, skiing holidays, hobbies and interests are all incorporated in
the creation of a personality package which must be sold in the job market’
‘Extra-curricula engagement’
• ‘We’re looking for people who are task orientated, who show evidence of having
done something with their lives’.
• ‘Tennis and rowing exhibit energy and contribution, playing snooker does not.
‘Extra-curricula engagement’
• ‘Girls with a working-class Essex accent and who are not into power dressing are invariably excluded, irrespective of their academic abilities.’
Brown & Lauder, 2003:
Chances of Oxbridge graduate being successful when applying for a fast track job:
1:8
Brown & Lauder, 2003:
Chances of a graduate from a new university or college:
1:235
Message:
Distinct or Extinct
Never make a permanent
career decision.
To be employed is to be at risk. To be employable is to
be secure.
Point 1.
Blame Nobody!Expect Nothing!Do Something!
Don’t rely on others to look after your career for you. They won’t.
Point 2.
Don’t Seek Praise. Seek Criticism.
Get a mentor - an honest mentor.
Point 3.
Don’t be afraid of taking risks.
Point 4.
The geek shall inherit the earth.
IT skills are essential – not optional
Point 5.
