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Christopher CozbyDr. LowryPSCI 4v975/14/2015

Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) Research Paper

Dallas Area Rapid Transit [also known as DART] is a transit agency based in Dallas,

Texas. It operates buses, light [rapid] rail trains, and shares a commuter [express] rail line with

Tarrant County in Dallas, Texas. DART operates in Dallas and 12 Dallas suburbs in Dallas

County and southern Collin County in the cities of Richardson and Plano. DART also originally

built and operated High Occupancy Vehicle [HOV] lanes on several major highways in Dallas

County; however since 2013, that duty has been handed to the Texas Department of

Transportation [TxDOT] for better regional coordination with neighboring transit agencies and

counties. With the extension of the Orange Line to DFW Airport Station at Terminal A on

August 18, 2014, DART is the largest light rail operator in the United States, with 90 miles

(144.8 km) of track on 4 light rail lines [Red, Blue, Green, and Orange Line light rail]. Also, in a

joint venture with the Fort Worth Transportation Authority [The T], DART operates the Trinity

Railway Express [TRE] Commuter Rail Line from Union Station in Dallas to T&P Station in

Fort Worth.

“DART was created on August 13, 1983 when voters in 14 cities and Dallas County at-

large cast more than 101,000 ballots in favor of regional public transportation; then later that

year, the City of Cockrell Hill joins DART and the member cities appoint 25 governing board

members to run DART” (dart.org).

Then in early 1984, “the voter-approved one cent sales tax takes effect and DART

officially begins to operate. DART staff begins to work on bus service improvements, rail transit,

high occupancy vehicle [HOV] lanes, carpooling, and mobility-impaired transit planning”

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(DART 2015). Also at that time, “DART assumes control of operations of the Dallas Transit

System [DTS] from the City of Dallas, and cuts the base bus fare from 70 cents per ride to 50

cents per ride, and senior citizen bus fares from 25 cents per ride to 15 cents per ride” (DART

2015). Then in the spring of 1984, “DART introduces the first phase of suburban bus service

through a contract with Trailways Commuter Transit [now called ATE] – a privatization project

that garners national attention” (DART 2015). Later in June 1984, “DART begins operating

midday bus service, adding 57 buses on 37 area routes; also, crosstown bus service is initiated

between Irving and Garland” (DART 2015). Then in September 1984, “DART begins new non-

stop express bus service from Downtown Dallas to the suburban member cities of Addison,

Carrollton, Coppell, Farmers Branch, Flower Mound, Glenn Heights, Richardson, Plano, and

Rowlett; as well as double the number of arrivals and departures on existing express bus service

between Irving and Garland” (DART 2015). Also, “the DART Board selects light rail as the

preferred mode for a 147-mile proposed rail network” (DART 2015). “Parsons, Brinckerhoff,

Quade, and Douglas is named as DART’s general engineering consultant” (DART 2015). Finally

in late 1984, “DART adds 74 buses on 54 bus routes, expands rush hour service on 33 bus

routes, and introduces more crosstown bus service” (DART 2015). Also, “DART adds suburban

express bus service between South Irving and Downtown Dallas” (dart.org). Also, “urban local

bus operations are strengthened with the completion of the $2 million bus maintenance facility

on East Grand Avenue” (DART 2015).

In 1985, “the Town of Buckingham joins DART, and the bus network expansion

continues as ridership more than doubles during the first six months, prompting DART to add

nine additional express bus coaches to its fleet” (DART 2015). Also, “a major staff financial

review revealed that revenue resources through 2010 would not sufficient enough to build 147

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miles of rail” (DART 2015). In January 1985, “Carrollton and Farmers Branch citizens

overwhelmingly vote to continue membership in DART by 69 and 61 percent margins,

respectively” (DART 2015). Then in September 1985, “suburban cities receive connecting bus

service with the first phase of the suburban local bus network; new routes were added in

Addison, Buckingham, Carrollton, northern Dallas, Farmers Branch, Garland, Irving, Plano and

Richardson” (DART 2015).

In January 1986, “DART takes direct responsibility for the City of Dallas HandiRides

program for mobility-impaired citizens and in four months, DART expands this service into all

member cities, which would later became the DART Paratransit service” (DART 2015). Then in

April 1986, “DART initiated the second phase of the suburban local bus network with input from

over 50 community meetings, making DART one of the fastest bus network setups in public

transit history” (DART 2015). Then in August 1986, “the DART board revises the DART

service plan to provide 93 miles of light rail transit including seven miles of subway tunnels”;

also, “DART bus ridership peaked with an average of 199,000 weekday riders” (DART 2015).

Then in late 1986, “DART acquired 9.8 acres of land for the West Plano Transit Center and 10.7

acres of land for the North Carrollton Transit Center” (DART 2015). Also, “DART acquired 2.3

acres of land from Railtran for the new South Irving Transit Center” (DART 2015).

In 1987, “the drop in gasoline prices, rise in unemployment, and the resulting ridership

patterns encourage DART to begin a bus system redesign process to bring service into line with

demand and create a cost-efficient bus network. This new service plan also called for a new fare

policy to lessen DART’s reliance on sales tax revenue to cover operating costs” (DART 2015).

Also, “DART staff began development of a 20-year Transit System Plan with light rail,

commuter rail, and HOV lanes included” (DART 2015). Also, DART began to formally fully

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acquire the Dallas Transit System [DTS] from the City of Dallas, and also further expanded

suburban bus service (DART 2015). Also, “the DART board chose the rail car size and the initial

rail section phasing” (DART 2015). In January 1987, “the DART financial staff concludes that

the 93-mile light rail transit network can be built within the schedule but only through the use of

long-term bonds” (DART 2015). In April 1987, “the DART Board approves a bond election to

be held in 1988; also DART HandiRides [later renamed DART Paratransit] van service for

mobility-impaired customers is fully expanded to all DART member cities” (DART 2015). In

October 1987, “DART acquired an additional 1.2 acres of land for expansion of the South Irving

Transit Center” (DART 2015).

In February 1988, DART formally acquired the Dallas Transit System [DTS] and all of

its operations from the City of Dallas (DART 2015). In April 1988, “DART purchased 34.5

miles of right-of-way [ROW] from the Southern Pacific Transportation Company – 28 miles of

ROW for transit use and 6.5 miles for a future linear park” (DART 2015). In May 1988, “DART

began constructing and placing 280 high boarding area bus shelters; also over 600 benches were

installed through 1988” (DART 2015). In June 1988, “bus ridership hit 150,000 passenger trips

per weekday; also, DART acquired 8.2 acres of land for the Red Bird Transit Center” (DART

2015). Also, “by a 58 to 42 percent margin, citizens turn down a proposition to allow DART to

issue long-term bonds for capital projects, including rail” (DART 2015). In August 1988, “the

DART Board gives staff direction to prepare a new Transit System Plan by April 1989” (DART

2015). Finally in October 1988, “DART officially began operations for the new North Carrollton

and South Irving Transit Centers, acquired 14.9 acres for the Richardson Transit Center and

donated 0.4 acres of land to the City of Richardson for road improvements” (DART 2015).

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In 1989, “more than 100 community meetings were conducted to provide citizen input

into the development of the new Transit System plan” (DART 2015). Also in January 1989,

“DART About suburban mobility van service was introduced with 12 passenger, lift-equipped

vans in Carrollton, Farmers Branch, Addison, Richardson, Buckingham, Garland, Rowlett, and

Irving; also, a jitney service is implemented on some suburban routes to give passengers more

accessibility to activity centers” (DART 2015). Also, “the West Plano Transit Center officially

opened for operations” (DART 2015). Then on May 6, 1989, “Flower Mound votes to withdraw

from DART by a 67 to 33 percent margin” (DART 2015). Then in June 1989, “The DART

Board approved the new DART Transit System Plan, moving the agency from the planning

mode to major construction, the Board also approves the local and technical assistance for

member-city regional transportation support” (DART 2015). In July 1989, “the Town of

Buckingham cancels its withdrawal election” (DART 2015). In August 1989, “voters in

Carrollton, Irving, Plano, and Rowlett vote to remain in DART; Coppell voted to withdraw by a

20-vote margin” (DART 2015). In September 1989, “the DART Board approves the creation of

an armed transit police force to make random bus checks, monitor crowded bus stops, and

respond to emergency calls” (DART 2015). In November 1989, “Farmers Branch and Garland

voters overwhelmingly elect to remain in DART, the Red Bird Transit Center opened for

operation” (DART 2015). Finally, “DART completes a formal agreement with Union Pacific

Railroad to acquire almost 80 percent of the total operating rights/right-of-way needed for

planned rail operations. The agreement included 31.5 miles of ROW and the operating rights

between Dallas and Fort Worth along the Railtran corridor, which would later be called the

Trinity Railway Express [TRE] commuter rail line” (DART 2015).

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In 1990, “Addison cancels its withdrawal election from DART; the Richardson Transit

Center opens for operation, and DART trades its complex zone-based fare structure for fares

based on service type, making local fares 75 cents per ride, and express and DART About

service $1.75 per ride; fares for students and mobility-impaired customers was reduced from 35

cents per ride to 25 cents per ride, and senior fares remained at 25 cents per ride” (DART 2015).

In April 1990, “the DART Division of Transit Public Safety became operational with 25 veteran

peace officers” (DART 2015). In October 1990, “DART officially began light rail transit

construction with the relocation of San Jacinto Street” (DART 2015). On December 7, 1990,

“DART broke ground for the I-30 Interim HOV lane” (DART 2015). Finally in late 1990,

“DART released the Five-Year Operating Plan that shifted bus service centered from Downtown

Dallas to a grid network which will feed planned rail stations; also, more crosstown bus routes

were initiated to reflect the new operations plan” (DART 2015).

In January 1991, “DART acquired 54 miles of railroad ROW from St. Louis

Southwestern Railway Co. for transit use after the year 2010 [future Cotton Belt Corridor [CBC]

rail line in Dallas County and Tarrant Express [TEX] Rail line in Tarrant County]” (DART

2015). In October 1991, “DART opened the I-30 HOV lane for operation; also, DART began an

intensive Value Analysis prompted by staff projections of cash shortfalls over the next 10 years.

The three-month internal review resulted in the removal of 28 projects from DART’s Five-Year

Financial Plan. Operating and administrative costs were reduced based on results that cut $300

million from DART’s five-year budget forecast” (DART 2015).

In January 1992, “the DART Board approved the Five – Year Financial Plan with

provisions that limited project costs” (DART 2015). Then in February, “DART began major

construction with the Trinity River rail bridge and the North Central subway tunnels” (DART

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2015). Then in April, the East Plano Transit Center opened for operations (DART 2015). Then in

July, “DART entered a three-year phased cost-containment plan with the elimination of the

Planning and Administration departments” (DART 2015). Then in August, “DART announced

the elimination of 60 administrative positions and a $12 million to $15 million reduction in

consultant fees; the 1993 Fiscal Year (FY) budget mirrors cost-savings efforts and included no

employee merit pay raises” (DART 2015). Then in October, “DART began study of rail transit

alternatives along North Central Expressway north of Park Lane; also, ground is broken for the

South Garland Transit Center” (DART 2015). Then in November, “DART began construction of

the West Oak Cliff light rail corridor [Red Line]” (DART 2015). Finally in December, “a series

of community meeting led to 38 bus changes, eliminating $2 million in unproductive bus service

miles; also, DART began construction on the light rail vehicle Service and Inspection Facility at

the former Santa Fe rail yard southeast of Downtown Dallas” (DART 2015).

In January of 1993, “DART begins utility relocation work for the 1.1-mile transit way

mall in the Dallas Central Business District [CBD]” (DART 2015). Then in May 1993, “the

Garland Central and North Irving Transit Centers opened for operations, and ground is broken

for the Lake Ray Hubbard Transit Center” (DART 2015). Then in September 1993, “DART

received $82.6 million in federal funding for the South Oak Cliff light rail project [Blue Line]

(DART 2015). Finally in December 1993, “DART adds evening holiday service to area malls”

(DART 2015).

In January of 1994, “DART’s construction crews complete mining for tunnel

breakthrough on the second of two 3.5 mile light rail subway tunnels under North Central

Expressway” (DART 2015). Also, “an approved Railtran Interlocal Cooperative Agreement

moves the agency closer to delivering commuter rail service between Dallas and Fort Worth”

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(DART 2015). Then in March of 1994, “DART’s Board of Directors retains its 30 percent

contract participation goals for the Minority Business Enterprise program for Fiscal Year 1994”;

also, “DART’s Board of Directors approves a Financial Plan amendment for a $6 million

funding package for the three-mile South Oak Cliff light project. The amendment approved $2

million to add two median crossings on Lancaster Road requested by the community and the

Dallas City Council” (DART 2015). Then in the following month, “DART reduced its regular

fare to just 25 cents on Ozone Action days, 15 cents for senior citizens; also, DART introduces

advertisers to “wrapped buses.” The technique – in which the entire exterior of a bus becomes a

rolling billboard – have the potential to increase advertising revenues by $1 million” (DART

2015). Also in April 1994, “DART’s Board approves a new transit security plan authorizing 19

additional transit police officers” (DART 2015). Then in June 1994, “DART’s executive team

began briefing member cities on the agency’s options for build out and financing of the DART

Transit System Plan” (DART 2015). Then in July 1994, “DART celebrated the opening of the

Illinois Transit Center – the first bus and rail passenger facility – with three customer/community

events. Then in August 1994, “DART’s Board of Directors approved a $33.6 million

construction contract to build a 2.9-mile light rail line through South Oak Cliff; also, DART held

public hearings to hear community rail concerns and present a neighborhood job program”

(DART 2015). Finally in November 1994, “Trailways Commuter Transit replaces Crawford

Technical Services as van provider for DART Paratransit Services” (DART 2015).

In January of 1995, “DART implements its first fare increase in more than a decade.

Despite the change, total passenger boardings (including charter) total 45.5 million in Fiscal

Year 1995 – only slightly lower than the previous year – and passenger revenue increases by 9

percent to $25.9 million” (DART 2015). Also, “thirty additional Transit Police are added, along

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with 22 new squad cars and 2 bicycles to initiate the force’s first bike patrol” (DART 2015). In

addition, “Station agents are hired to staff transit centers, assisting passengers with service

information and providing full-time security surveillance” (DART 2015). Also, “the Hampton

Transit Center became the second bus transfer facility to be opened at the site of a future light

rail station” (DART 2015). Then in May 1995, “the first of 40 light rail vehicles arrives for

testing at the Service & Inspection Facility” (DART 2015). Then in June 1995, “new

transportation demand management representatives are hired, making it possible for DART to

reach nearly 500 companies in the three-county non-attainment area – Denton, Collin, and Dallas

Counties – organizing carpools, vanpools, and even innovative telecommuting programs”

(DART 2015). During the Summer of 1995, “ground is broken for new HOV lanes along I-35E

and LBJ Freeway (I-635) in July and August, respectively” (DART 2015). Also in August 1995,

“a fleet of 110, 24-foot vans were purchased for DART’s Paratransit service” (DART 2015). In

October of 1995, “more than 300,000 State Fair visitors take the public’s first official look at a

DART light rail vehicle [LRV] (DART 2015). Finally in November 1995, “after nearly 2 years

of community negotiations among 14 member cities, the DART Board votes to revise its Transit

System Plan. Reflecting the North Central Texas Council of Governments’ [NCTOG] Mobility

2010 Plan, the new plan included: 53 miles of light rail transit, 98 miles of HOV lanes, 37 miles

of commuter rail transit linking Dallas and Fort Worth with extensions to DFW Airport and the

I-35E corridor, ridesharing, telecommuting and other trip reduction support programs; plus the

redeployment of existing buses with initiation of rail services, and the use of smaller transit

buses” (DART 2015).

In January 1996, “Garland citizens vote overwhelmingly (2 to 1) to retain membership in

DART; also, through a contract with Gray Line, the Vanpool Incentive Program [VIP] is

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introduced, offering passenger raters structured to save the average commuter than $200 per

month; simultaneously, a Central Business District Transportation Management Association is

formed to design customized commuting programs for businesses” (DART 2015). Then in April

1996, “the Town of Buckingham is annexed by the City of Richardson, reducing the member of

DART Member Cities to 13 cities” (DART 2015). Then in June 1996, dedication ceremonies are

held at South Irving Transit Center initiating construction of the passenger station to serve

commuter rail customers in December” (DART 2015). Also, on June 14, 1996, “the first 11.2

miles of DART’s 20-mile light rail transit starter system opens on time and within budget, with

weekend festivities followed by a week of free rides. Revenue service began June 24, coinciding

with the opening of the CBD West Bus Transfer Center in Downtown Dallas” (DART 2015).

Then in July 1996, “initial light rail ridership exceeds all expectations, averaging more than

18,000 daily passengers as opposed to the projected 15,000 daily passengers” (DART 2015).

Then in August 1996, “withdrawal elections were planned in the cities of Carrollton, Irving,

Plano, and Rowlett for August 10. The citizens in all four cities vote to remain in DART with 77,

57, 77, and 67 percent voting “Yes,” respectively” (DART 2015). Then in September 1996,

“DART opens new HOV lanes I-35E Stemmons Freeway, north of LBJ Freeway [I-635]”

(DART 2015). Finally in December 1996, “DART opens the first 10-mile segment of the new

Trinity Railway Express [TRE] commuter rail service linking Dallas and Irving with a stop at the

Medical/Market Center; service would be later extended to Fort Worth” (DART 2015).

In January 1997, “DART extended the light rail system six miles northward along North

Central Expressway (US-75) between Downtown Dallas and Park Lane” (DART 2015). This

new line included a 3.5 – mile subway from Downtown Dallas to the new Mockingbird Station,

making it possible for commuters to make the trip between Park Lane and Downtown Dallas in

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just 14 minutes” (DART 2015). “The opening of the new line nearly doubles ridership on the

new line nearly doubles ridership on the new light rail system to approximately 30,000

passengers per day” (DART 2015). “The start of expanded rail service coincided with the

opening of the CBD East Bus Transfer Center – the second of two such facilities in Downtown

Dallas” (DART 2015). Then in March 1997, “DART opened new HOV lanes on I-635 (LBJ

Freeway) – the state’s most congested thoroughfare” (DART 2015). “The new eastbound lane

stretches from Stemmons Freeway to just West of US-75 [North Central Expressway]” (DART

2015). “The westbound lane began just west of Hillcrest Road, and then merges with southbound

Stemmons Freeway traffic” (DART 2015). “Those new lanes were expected to save commuters

about 6 minutes during the morning rush hours, and 13 minutes during the evening rush hours”

(DART 2015). Also, “the DART Board of Directors approves the multi-year purchase of 433

new buses, 110 of which would run on Liquefied Natural Gas [LNG]” (DART 2015). “The first

103 buses, 50 of which would be LNG-fueled, would be delivered in spring 1998; all of these

new 40-foot buses would be equipped with wheelchair lifts for disabled customers and new on-

board security camera systems” (DART 2015). On May 31, 1997, “DART completed the 20-

mile light rail starter system with the opening of the 3-mile long extension of its Blue Line

through the South Oak Cliff section of Dallas” (DART 2015). “This section of track ran south

from Illinois Station to the newly built Ledbetter Station with an intermediate stop at the VA

Medical Center Station” (DART 2015). Later on July 2, 1997, “DART acquires 5.25 miles of

railroad right-of-way [ROW] and land for a light rail extension from Garland to Rowlett”

(DART 2015). “The project called for a site to be used as a park and ride transit center with 355

parking spaces beginning in 2000; the center would become a rail station with parking for

approximately 700 vehicles when light rail arrives in Rowlett” (DART 2015). On July 10,

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“DART and NorthPark Center begin a six month trial of the NorthPark Center Executive Shuttle

– a free shuttle bus service between the internationally-recognized North Dallas shopping mall

and DART’s Park Lane Station” (DART 2015). Then in September 1997, “DART is named

Transit Agency of the Year by the American Public Transit Association [APTA], the highest

honor in the industry” (DART 2015). Then in October 1997, “the U.S. Department of

Transportation awards DART $13.7 million for the light rail extension from Park Lane in North

Dallas to Plano” (DART 2015). Also on October 14, 1997, “the DART Board orders 34

additional light rail vehicles [LRVs] from Kinkisharyo, USA, manufacturers of DART’s original

40 LRVs” (DART 2015). “The value of this contract is worth $93.43 million, and the new LRVs

were scheduled to begin service in June 1999” (DART 2015). In November 1997, “DART

Paratransit Services launched Paracom I, a state-of-the-art customer communications system”

(DART 2015). “This system was designed to enhance the efficiency of DART’s Paratransit

fleet” (DART 2015). Also, “DART reported serving nearly 70 million passengers during Fiscal

Year 1997 – a 44 percent increase over the 48.5 million passengers served in Fiscal Year 1996.

In Fiscal Year 1997, DART buses and Paratransit vans carried more than 44.5 million

passengers, nearly 8.2 million passengers rode DART light rail or Commuter Rail and nearly

17.2 million commuters used DART’s three HOV lanes” (DART 2015). Finally, on December

15, 1997, “the Trinity Railway Express [TRE] commuter rail service extends its schedule to full

day and evening service on weekdays” (DART 2015).

On February 19, 1998, “construction began on new HOV lanes running between I-20 and

Downtown Dallas. The 11.1-mile lanes would run along US-67/Marvin D. Love Freeway and I-

35E, south of Downtown Dallas. They were scheduled to open in late 1999” (DART 2015). Then

on March 30, 1998, “DART carried out the agency’s largest-ever service change. All routes in

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DART’s 700-square mile service area were changed to a member-only system and new signage

is put in place at each of DART’s more than 11,000 bus stop signs. The route numbering system

was overhauled to make it more consistent and easier for current and potential customers to use.

The package also included new express service to employment centers at DFW International

Airport from Downtown Dallas as part of a regional welfare-to-work initiative” (DART 2015).

On April 28, 1998, “the DART Board voted to purchase 21 additional LRVs from Kinkisharyo,

USA; in addition to the 34 LRVs ordered in October 1997” (DART 2015). “This order brings the

fleet to 95 LRVs, and the contract price for the 21 purchased vehicles is $60.21 million” (DART

2015). Then in the summer of 1998, “DART introduced the first of a fleet of 488 new state-of-

the-art buses built by NovaBUS of Roswell, New Mexico” (DART 2015). Then on August 3,

1998, “DART introduced its fleet of Trolley-Buses by Chance Coach. The initial routes served

Downtown Dallas, Lancaster Road in South Dallas, Richardson’s Telecom Corridor, Las

Colinas, and the NorthPark Shopping Center” (DART 2015). In September 1998, “more than 1

million passenger trips were made on DART’s light rail system, and average weekday ridership

exceeded 40,000 passengers” (DART 2015). On October 1, 1998, “DART marked the close of

Fiscal Year 1998 with a ridership gain of 16 million passenger trips over Fiscal Year 1997. More

than 85 million passengers trips were made during the year on DART’s network of buses, light

rail, commuter rail, and HOV lanes” (DART 2015). On December 5, 1998, “the Trinity Railway

Express [TRE] adds Saturday service, and nearly 3,000 customers ride the first day of Saturday

service on the TRE” (DART 2015).

On January 7, 1999, “DART began light rail construction in Garland” (DART 2015).

Then on February 22, 1999, “the Center for Economic Development and Research at the

University of North Texas (UNT) estimated that DART was providing a hefty boost to the North

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Texas economy, with a total regional impact assessed at $3.7 billion and more than 32,000 jobs

through 2003” (DART 2015). Then on June 7, 1999, “DART opened the Addison Transit Center,

Addison’s first permanent DART facility, on Arapaho Road between Quorum Drive and

Addison Road in the heart of the developing Addison Urban Center” (DART 2015). Also at that

time, “DART began testing a limited-area home pickup and delivery service that will respond to

customers who call the driver’s cell phone, DART On-Call uses vans to ferry customers to and

from the East Plano Transit Center during weekday peak times, and to shopping and school

destinations in the middle of the day” (DART 2015). Then in July 1999, “DART opens a new

Paratransit Assessment Center to help assist Paratransit customers undergoing federally -

mandated eligibility reviews” (DART 2015). “All light rail and commuter rail cars would be

wheelchair accessible, and more than half of the 800 buses were accessible” (DART 2015). “By

2002, all DART transit vehicles are projected to be accessible” (DART 2015). Then in fall of

1999, Southern Methodist University [SMU], in conjunction with DART, begins providing

transportation at no-cost to students, faculty, and staff throughout the DART system” (DART

2015). Also in September 19, 1999, “DART Transit Police celebrates 10 years of service. The

force had grown into 143 sworn Texas peace officers and eight administrative personnel. Much

of the growth of is connected to the 1996 opening of DART’s 20-mile light rail starter system”

(DART 2015). Also in September 27, 1999, “DART expanded service on the Blue Line between

Downtown Dallas and Mockingbird Station. DART would also add 55 light rail cars over the

next several months doubling the current fleet to provide service to White Rock Station in Fall

2001, Richardson by Summer 2002, Garland by Fall 2002, and Plano by Summer 2003” (DART

2015). One day later, “DART’s Board of Directors approves an $831.2 million budget for Fiscal

Year 2000, as part of a five-year business plan to expand service throughout the region” (DART

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2015). On October 2, 1999, “the Federal Transit Administration enters into a $333 million Full

Funding Grant Agreement (FFGA) with DART, ensuring the North Central Light Rail expansion

to Richardson and Plano will proceed on schedule. The FFGA is the first grant executed under

the Transportation Equity Act for the 21st Century (TEA 21)” (DART 2015). Finally in

December 1999, “DART’s total ridership grows for the third consecutive year, with Fiscal Year

1999 passenger trips reaching 91.2 million trips – a 6.5 percent gain” (DART 2015).

On January 15, 2000, “DART received Garland’s Community Appreciation Award. This

award was presented by the Garland Branch of the National Association for the Advancement of

Colored People (NAACP) during their annual Martin Luther King, Jr. celebration” (DART

2015). Then on February 4, 2000, “DART joined Garland officials and the Garland Chamber of

Commerce to host a special conference on transit-oriented development opportunities around

Garland-area rail stations opening in 2002” (DART 2015). The Stations would be located near

the intersection of Forest Lane and Jupiter Road [Forest/Jupiter Station], and at DART’s Garland

Central Transit Center in Downtown Garland [Downtown Garland Station]” (DART 2015). Also

in February 2000, “DART completed the Northwest Corridor Major Investment Study [MIS] by

selecting the rail routes for light rail service in Carrollton, Farmers Branch, Irving, and

eventually DFW Airport [future Green and Orange Line corridors].” (DART 2015). “This action

increases the amount of light rail to be built under the Transit System Plan to 93 miles of total

track” (DART 2015). In April 2000, “DART opened its newest bus maintenance center, the

South Oak Cliff Bus Operating Facility (SOCBOF), as part of DART’s 5-year bus improvement

program. SOCBOF replaces the Oak Cliff bus facility” (DART 2015). Also on April 26,

“DART, the City of Dallas, the Central Dallas Association, and the Downtown Improvement

District combine resources to open the Pearl Street Connector, a landscaped walkway linking

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Pearl Station to the CBD East Transfer Center” (DART 2015). “A Federal Transit Authority

Livable Communities grant of $457,000 provided 80 percent of the funding” (DART 2015). In

May 2000, “DART completed the Southeast Corridor Major Investment Study [MIS] by

finalizing the rail routes for light rail service to Fair Park and Pleasant Grove [future Green

Line]” (DART 2015). Also on May 22, 2000, “DART opened the Rowlett Park and Ride, adding

more bus service to Rowlett and bringing DART On-Call service to town. The Park and Ride

center is on the site of a future Rowlett light rail station [Downtown Rowlett Station on the Blue

Line]” (DART 2015). On June 5, 2000, “the first 2.5 miles of the I-35E/US-67 High Occupancy

Vehicle [HOV] lanes open to the public” (DART 2015). On June 12, 2000, “the DART Board of

Directors schedule an August 12, 2000 election to allow voters to decide whether the agency

should use long-term financing to upgrade and accelerate future light rail lines to Carrollton,

Farmers Branch, North Irving, South Dallas, Fair Park, Pleasant Grove, and Rowlett” (DART

2015). On August 1, 2000, “DART opened the Cockrell Hill Passenger Transfer Location [PTL].

This new facility is air-conditioned, and has restrooms, pay telephones, information kiosks,

vending machines, and a station agent on duty” (DART 2015). Nine days later, “DART opened

the Bernal/Singleton Passenger Transfer Location [PTL] in West Dallas. This facility is also air

conditioned, and also has restrooms, telephones, information kiosks, vending machines, and a

station agent on duty” (DART 2015). Then on August 12, 2000, “voters in DART’s 13 member

cities approve $2.9 billion in long-term financing to upgrade and accelerate future light rail lines.

More than 77 percent of the 33,603 voters who casted ballots in the August 12, 2000, election

supported the proposition” (DART 2015). On August 28, 2000, “DART adds 2.6 more miles to

the new High Occupancy Vehicle [HOV] lane on I-35E/US-67 corridor. DART then had 23

miles of HOV lanes for four corridors” (DART 2015). On September 18, 2000, “the Trinity

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Railway Express [TRE] Commuter Rail expands service to three new Tarrant County stations –

the Richland Hills station, the Hurst/Bell (now Bell) station, and the Centreport/DFW Airport

station” (DART 2015). Nine days later, on September 27, “DART’s Board of Directors approves

a $687.2 million budget for Fiscal Year 2001 that kept the largest light rail expansion program in

North America moving and kept DART on target to carry more than 100 million commuters in

the year ahead” (DART 2015). On November 13, 2000, “DART opened the West Irving Trinity

Railway Express [TRE] commuter rail station” (DART 2015). On December 4, 2000, “DART’s

Board of Directors ordered 160 new clean fuel buses with state-of-the-art customer amenities

and engines that would meet increasingly stringent state and federal emissions standards”

(DART 2015). Then on December 18, “Cityplace Station, the Southwest’s first subway station,

opened for operations. Cityplace Station has Texas-style dimensions, including six pairs of

escalators. The tri-level facility reaches depths of 120 feet underneath North Central

Expressway” (DART 2015). Also in December 2000, “for the fourth consecutive year, DART’s

total ridership grows, with Fiscal Year 2000 passenger trips reaching 94.7 million trips, a 3.8

percent gain” (DART 2015).

On February 22, 2001, “DART began the 321 GO door-to-door bus service. This

program, named 321 GO after the bus route of the same number, is DART’s first demonstration

of Personalized Public Transit (PPT), a high-tech program that uses satellites to plan a flexible

bus route” (DART 2015). Six days later, on February 28, “DART and four local chambers of

commerce sign the Memoranda of Understanding, making joint commitments to increase

minority participation in DART contracts and hiring” (DART 2015). On March 21, 2001,

“DART debuts the 30-foot iBus at the Dallas Auto Show” (DART 2015). On June 14, 2001,

“DART Rail celebrates its 5th birthday. Since opening light rail in 1996, total passenger trips

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reach nearly 50 million trips on the light rail starter system” (DART 2015). On September 24,

2001, “DART discontinued the use of transfer slips and streamlines pass and ticket programs. A

$2 Day Pass replaces transfer slips. This new fare structure also discontinued the $2 employers’

discount for Monthly Passes and the 11-ride bonus pack. A new DART Annual Pass allows

customers unlimited rides all year long” (DART 2015). Also that day, “White Rock Station,

three miles northeast of Mockingbird Station, opens at East Northwest Highway and West

Lawther Drive, the initial stop on the northeast rail expansion to Downtown Garland in 2002.

This park-and-ride station was the first light rail expansion since the debut of the 20-mile starter

system in 1996” (DART 2015). On September 28, 2001, “DART’s Board of Directors approves

a $606.3 million budget for Fiscal Year 2002 that keeps the largest multimodal transit expansion

program in North America going” (DART 2015). On October 2, 2001, “DART’s Board

Chairman Jesse Oliver is named the American Public Transportation Association’s Outstanding

Board Member. An eight-year member of the DART Board of Directors – and Board Chairman

since 1999 – he is a driving force behind the successful debut of a multi-modal system of buses,

light rail, commuter rail, Paratransit buses, High Occupancy Vehicle lanes serving the dynamic

North Texas region” (DART 2015). Then on October 18, 2001, “DART began a new Major

Investment Study [MIS] in eastern Dallas County, involving the community in the development

and evaluation of alternative transportation improvement strategies. The study included parts of

Dallas, Garland, Mesquite, Rowlett, and Sunnyvale” (DART 2015). In December 2001, DART’s

total ridership grows for the fifth consecutive year, with Fiscal Year 2001 passenger trips

reaching 95.6 million trips (DART 2015). Also, on December 3, 2001, “the Trinity Railway

Express (TRE) commuter rail service – now a joint venture of DART and Fort Worth’s The T –

expands to link Dallas and Fort Worth with passenger rail service for the first time since the mid-

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1930s with two new stations in Fort Worth: ITC Station and T&P Station [current western

terminus]. The TRE is projected to carry more than 11,000 riders daily by 2010” (DART 2015).

On February 25, 2002, “DART’s new Lake June Transit Center [later Lake June Station]

made riding the bus better than ever for Southeast Dallas commuters. The new $4.9 million

facility, served by three major bus routes at that time, featured enclosed, climate controlled

waiting areas, vending machines, and 447 free parking spaces” (DART 2015). Then on March

11, 2002, “DART opened the final section of a new High Occupancy Vehicle [HOV] lane along

I-35E and US 67 south of Downtown Dallas to Loop 12, completing an 11-mile HOV lane

extension that could save commuters an estimated 15 minutes or more each way, every day. This

improved HOV lane was expected to assist around 19,000 commuters every day” (DART 2015).

Then on April 29, 2002, “DART opened a new $400,000 bus patron facility at one of the busiest

stops in Downtown Dallas. A joint project of DART, the Belo Corporation, the City of Dallas

and McDonald's, the $400,000 Commerce Street project is the first of two new city oases

planned for Downtown Dallas” (DART 2015). Then on May 6, 2002, “DART Rail pushed past

LBJ Freeway with the opening of LBJ/Skillman Station. This is DART's 23rd light rail station,

which extends the Blue Line 3.5 miles from White Rock Station to serve Northeast Dallas. The

station has 646 free parking spaces, passenger shelters, seating and telephones” (DART 2015).

Then on July 1, 2002, “DART Rail reached North Dallas and Richardson with 7 new LRT

stations, extending the Red Line by more than 9 miles. In Dallas, new rail stops include a newly

redesigned Park Lane Station, Walnut Hill Station, Forest Lane Station and LBJ/Central Station.

In Richardson, DART trains would stop at the newly built Spring Valley Station, Arapaho Center

Station and Galatyn Park Station. Richardson is the first North Texas Suburb to welcome DART

light rail into its city limits” (DART 2015). Then on November 18, 2002, “DART Rail rolled

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into Garland with the openings of the new Forest/Jupiter and Downtown Garland stations. The

light rail expansion extends DART's Blue Line more than four miles, bringing the light rail

system to 41 miles and 31 stations. Downtown Garland Station has 700 parking spaces and is

located at Fifth and Walnut streets next to the Garland Central Transit Center. Forest/Jupiter

Station, located on Forest Lane near Jupiter Road, has 561 parking spaces” (DART 2015). Then

on December 2002, “DART Light Rail is completed and reaches Richardson and Plano six

months ahead of schedule. The rail expansion extends DART's Red Line three miles and adds

three new Light rail stations: Bush Turnpike Station in Richardson, Downtown Plano Station

(15th St. and Ave. J) and Parker Road Station near the current East Plano Transit Center. The

opening of the stations brings the DART Rail System to 44 miles and 34 stations, completing

one of the largest rail expansion projects in North America and doubling DART's six-year-old,

20-mile light rail system” (DART 2015).

On January 6, 2013, “DART's official website, www.DART.org, rolls out a new trip

planner allowing riders to plan bus and rail trips from the convenience of their personal

computers. The technology behind the trip planner is a slimmed-down version of that used by

DART's customer service representatives and supplements the efforts of the representatives”

(DART 2015). Also that month, “The University of North Texas releases a study showing DART

Rail stations add value to nearby properties, particularly residential and office. According to the

study, office properties near suburban DART Rail stations increased in value 53% more than

comparable properties not served by rail, and values of residential properties rose 39% more than

a group of control properties not served by rail. Between 1997 and 2001, the mean value of 47

office properties near DART increased 24.7%, compared with an increase of 11.5% for 121

properties not near the stations, giving the DART office buildings the 53% advantage. The mean

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value of 3,262 residential properties near DART increased 32.1% versus an increase of 19.5% in

the mean value of 4,393 properties not near the stations, for the 39% advantage, the study found”

(DART 2015). Then on February 21, 2003, “DART breaks ground for the Martin Luther King,

Jr. Blvd. Transit Center near Fair Park. The transit center will ultimately serve as a rail station on

the Southeast Corridor linking downtown Dallas and Pleasant Grove. The $3 million facility,

scheduled to open in 2004, will feature enclosed, climate-controlled waiting areas, vending

machines, restrooms and more than 200 free parking spaces” (DART 2015). Then in March

2003, “In order to give DART customers more value for their transit pass, the agency introduces

DART destination deals. The deals feature discounts at stores, restaurants and attractions located

within a quarter-mile of a DART Rail station or along a streetcar route connected to a station.

Customers only have to present a valid DART ticket or pass to receive the discount” (DART

2015). Then in October 2003, “DART and the Fort Worth Transportation Authority join forces to

expand the popular destination deals program to Tarrant County and stations served by the

Trinity Railway Express. The program encourages shoppers, diners and fun-seekers to patronize

businesses served by transit. Participating establishments provide discounts and other money-

saving deals to anyone with a valid DART, TRE or Fort Worth T ticket or pass. More than 500

businesses participate in the program” (DART 2015). In December 2003, “DART's teamwork

approach to creating economic opportunities for North Texas businesses is recognized with the

"Sharing Success Award" by the publishers of four minority business newspapers. Presented by

MCompany, the award commends the transit agency's efforts toward creating a level playing

field in contracting for professional services and purchasing initiatives. The award recognizes

supplier diversity among North Texas government agencies, transportation providers and

educational institutions. DART was recognized as one of the "Best of the Decade in Supplier

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Diversity Procurement in the Public and Nonprofit Sector." DART paid more than $30 million to

disadvantaged, minority and women-owned businesses in FY02, more than 25% of its total

vendor activity” (DART 2015).

In January 2004, “DART marked 20 years of service to north Texas with a month-long

customer celebration. Customers receive special discounts at participating merchants and

compete for prizes. Customer appreciation events are held at DART facilities throughout the

service area” (DART 2015). In May 2004, “the Malcolm X Bus Shelter opened. The shelter is

the first facility of its kind in the DART system, and it will serve as a model for bus shelters to

come. The off-street enhanced shelter features air ventilation, infrared heaters, landscaping,

telephones and passenger information. The facility is part of the Malcolm X Bus Corridor

development - the first of several planned DART Bus Corridors, which will incorporate

successful elements of DART Rail, such as increased speeds and frequencies, as well as

attractive and convenient waiting environments” (DART 2015). In June 2004, “DART continues

to modernize its fleet and to increase its environmental friendliness. Having retrofitted 360 of its

older buses to run on ultra-low-sulfur-diesel, the agency rolls out 80 more brand-new buses made

by North American Bus Industries [NABI]. The buses, which also use ultra-low-sulfur diesel

fuel, are more than three times cleaner than the buses they replace. DART has replaced 710

buses since 1996” (DART 2015). In November 2004, “DART opened Victory Station for both

light rail and the TRE at American Airlines Center, the first station of the Northwest Corridor

rail expansion” (DART 2015).

On February 21, 2005, DART opens the J. B. Jackson, Jr. Transit Center near Fair Park.

The transit center, which is scheduled to become part of the DART Rail System as the Martin

Luther King, Jr. Station, is rich with art and architecture expressing the history of the South

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Dallas neighborhood and the African heritage claimed by most of its residents. Special care was

also taken to create a focal point for the community and a fitting tribute to Jackson, a political

activist and a board member in DART's early years” (DART 2015).

On June 14, 2006, “DART marks the 10th anniversary of the start of light rail service.

Customer events are held throughout the month to celebrate. The rail line began with an 11-mile

network linking downtown Dallas with the West and South Oak Cliff sections of the city. Today

it is a 45-mile network extending from Plano in the north, Garland in the northeast, through

downtown Dallas and on to the West and South Oak Cliff sections of the city” (DART 2015).

Then on July 3, 2006, “The Federal Transit Administration approves a $700-million Full

Funding Grant Agreement (FFGA) to kick-start a $2.5-billion expansion that will lead to the

doubling of the DART Rail System to 90 miles by 2013. The grant is the largest ever awarded to

DART. The FFGA - in which the federal government makes a commitment to fund a

transportation project over a number of years - will support a 21-mile northwest/southeast

"connector" linking Farmers Branch and the Pleasant Grove section of Dallas. When complete in

2010, the Green Line will serve several regional destinations including Deep Ellum, Baylor

University Medical Center, Fair Park, Victory Park, the Dallas Market Center, the Southwestern

Medical District, Love Field Airport and downtown Farmers Branch” (DART 2015). On October

24, 2006, “The DART Board of Directors unanimously approves the blueprint for the next

generation of bus, rail and high occupancy vehicle services in North Texas with the passage of

the 2030 Transit System Plan. The plan covers projects to be undertaken by the transit agency

through 2030 in the 13-city DART Service Area. The 2030 DART Transit System Plan approved

by the board identifies, schedules and budgets system improvement projects that will more

precisely respond to changing regional land use and development patterns. The projects will be

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funded primarily by revenues from the one-cent sales tax levied in DART's 13 member cities.

The plan also extends DART's reach with rail service to the outlying areas of the DART Service

Area, paving the way for potential new member cities” (DART 2015). On December 30, 2006,

“DART marks the 10th anniversary of the Trinity Railway Express [TRE]. The Southwest’s first

commuter rail line — a 10-mile route linked Union Station in Downtown Dallas to Irving when

it debuted — now connects Dallas and Fort Worth on a 35-mile-long route running parallel to the

Trinity River. The TRE is a joint service of DART and the Fort Worth Transportation Authority

[The T]” (DART 2015).

In March 2007, “For a second consecutive year, the Greater Dallas Hispanic Chamber

(GDHCC) honors DART with the Unidos Award for its contribution to the growth of Hispanic

businesses in North Texas” (DART 2015). In May 2007, “DART launched a comprehensive

two-year Downtown Transit Study, which could result in a second Central Business District

(CBD) rail line, as well as bus and streetcar improvements. The agency will focus on a broad

transit corridor extending from Victory Park to Deep Ellum and target areas currently not

directly served by DART Rail” (DART 2015). Also at that time, “The University of North Texas

Center for Economic Development and Research released a study estimating billions in

economic activity from the North Texas region's investment of $4.86 billion to build DART's

current 45-mile light rail system and the planned 48-mile expansion” (DART 2015). On July 31,

2007, “DART kicked off the 50-mile HOV lane system expansion to its 31-mile HOV lane

network when it opens the first six miles of a new High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lane that

eventually will stretch between Dallas and Fort Worth on Tom Landry Freeway (I-30). The first

section open is between the Dallas/Tarrant County Line and Loop 12. The lanes are available to

vehicles with two or more occupants, buses, motorcycles and other eligible vehicles, Monday

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through Friday, from 6 a.m. to 9 a.m., and from 3 p.m. to 7 p.m. Other lanes set to open

throughout the fall of 2007 are on Central Expressway (US-75), LBJ Freeway (I-635), and East

R. L. Thornton (I-30)” (DART 2015). On August 30, 2007, “Farmers Branch officials break

ground for the future Farmers Branch Station, scheduled to open in December 2010 as part of the

Green Line. Located at the site of the present Farmers Branch Transit Center, city officials plan

to create a town center environment around the station with transit-oriented development

featuring a mix of retail, professional services, restaurants and residential projects” (DART

2015). On September 8, 2007, “The City of Carrollton hosts a groundbreaking near the site of the

future Downtown Carrollton Station, one of three Carrollton stations scheduled to open on the

Green Line in December 2010. The other stations are Trinity Mills Station and North

Carrollton/Frankford Station. The North Carrollton Station will mark the northern terminus of

the Green Line and is planned to serve as a connection with rail service operated by the Denton

County Transit Authority” (DART 2015). On December 4, 2007, “Citing escalating costs of

construction materials and services worldwide, DART officials announce plans to trim up to

$900 million in projected costs for future light rail extensions to North Irving, DFW International

Airport and Rowlett. The $900-million figure is a "preliminary" target identified during a project

update at the 10% design stage -- an early point in the cost estimation of DART's rail projects.

Additional project updates are performed as planners and engineers complete 30%, 65% and

90% levels of design in preparation for actual construction. The 20-Year Financial Plan included

$988 million for the Irving/Rowlett rail extensions, and the $900 million escalation would bring

the actual cost closer to $1.9 billion. The Irving/Rowlett review would not affect construction of

DART's $1.7 billion, 28-mile Green Line, which begins opening with service to Fair Park in

September 2009. The Green Line will stretch from Pleasant Grove in Southeast Dallas, through

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Deep Ellum and Downtown Dallas, to the Medical/Market District, Love Field Airport, Farmers

Branch and Carrollton” (DART 2015). Then on December 17, 2007, “DART adds six miles of

High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV) lanes on I-30 (East R.L. Thornton Freeway) extending the lanes

from Jim Miller Road in East Dallas, past LBJ Freeway, to Northwest Drive in Mesquite. The

current I-30 (East R. L. Thornton) lane runs five miles from downtown Dallas to Jim Miller

Road. This reversible lane - which supports westbound commuters during morning rush hours

and eastbound commuters during afternoon rush hours - opened in 1991 and features Barrier

Transfer Vehicles (BTVs) or "zipper machines" to open the lanes to traffic” (DART 2015). On

December 21, 2007, “A new 14-mile HOV lane on US 75 extending north from the "High Five"

interchange to Exchange Parkway in Allen opened to commuters. The US 75 HOV lane extends

14 miles northward from the High Five interchange and features a direct "connector" between

the HOV lane on LBJ Freeway and the new Central Expressway HOV lanes, enabling motorists

to transfer easily from one to the other” (DART 2015).

On January 23, 2008, “The Texas Department of Transportation (TxDOT) opens its

newest transportation management center - DalTrans. DART is a partner in the $10 million

facility located at 4625 East US Highway 80 in Mesquite. The new 54,000 square foot facility

expands DalTrans' capabilities and becomes the central traffic operations center for all highway

management and intelligent transportation system integration including approximately 200

TxDOT cameras along more than 100 miles of roadway. DART's HOV network is monitored at

this location” (DART 2015). Seven days later, “Another HOV project is completed. The twelve

mile extension of the I-635 (LBJ Freeway) HOV lane -- from U.S. 75 (Central Expressway) to I-

30 -- opens, roughly doubling the length of HOV lanes in one of the nation's busiest freeway

corridors. The new LBJ lanes, which operate in both directions 24 hours a day, are the latest

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phase in the regional expansion of DART's HOV network, which will add about 50 miles to the

existing 40-mile network” (DART 2015). Two days later, “Carrollton business owner Randall

Chrisman becomes chairman of the DART Board of Directors. Chrisman, who has represented

Carrollton and Irving since 2002, was elected vice chairman in 2007. He became chairman

following the resignation of Lynn Flint Shaw of Dallas. Chrisman named Dallas member Robert

W. Strauss vice chair, Irving member John Danish secretary and Dallas member Pamela Dunlop

Gates assistant secretary. The officers will serve through the DART Fiscal Year, which ends in

September” (DART 2015). In May 2008, “DART had its busiest month ever providing nearly

10.3 million trips in the month of May; combined fixed route service (Bus, DART Rail, and

Trinity Railway Express) was up more than 2.1% over May 2007. When adding ridership from

the 75-mile High Occupancy Vehicle network, total system ridership was up 17.3% over May

2007. The increase was sparked by record gasoline prices (approaching $4 per gallon) and the

expansion of the HOV network that concluded in January 2008” (DART 2015). In June 2008,

“DART began updating its fleet of 115 light rail vehicles (LRVs) by inserting a new, low-floor

insert between the existing sections of the vehicle adding seating capacity and improving access

through level boarding. The newly modified vehicles began service on June 23, 2008 with car

#151. Known as Super Light Rail Vehicles (SLRVs) because of the greater length and added

passenger capacity, the SLRV will seat approximately 100 passengers compared with 75 on the

current vehicles. Standing passengers on the vehicle can nearly double the capacity. The SLRVs

- designed in partnership with rail vehicle manufacturer Kinkisharyo of Osaka, Japan - feature

level boarding which will allow passengers with disabilities - plus people with strollers, bicycles

and the like - to step or roll directly onto the trains without using mechanical lifts. This, in turn,

enables faster and safer boarding and deboarding. The $190 million light rail vehicle conversion

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is scheduled for completion before the end of 2010” (DART 2015). Also that month, “With 10.3

million total trips on those modes, June 2008 was the transit agency's biggest month ever,

topping last month's record of 10.28 million trips. Both DART Rail (69,861 trips) and the Trinity

Railway Express (11,105 trips) posted their highest-ever average weekday ridership totals.

DART Rail was up 14.2% over June 2007 and the TRE was up 19.8% over the same period.

Commuters continue sharing the ride in the HOV lanes. There were more than 4.5 million trips

made in the expanded HOV-lane system. That number, when combined with ridership on other

DART services, yielded a 20.1% increase in ridership over June 2007” (DART 2015).

In February 2009, “DART completes the installation of brand-new, heavy-duty bike

racks on the front of its buses. The addition of 655 racks will allow customers to go places they

may not have tried reaching before due to time constraints and distance. This makes it easier for

customers to combine bike use with bus and rail service for trips to work, school or pleasure. The

new racks have a locking mechanism to prevent bikes from coming loose. And, for additional

safety, buses have had special mirrors installed that allow bus operators to see both the bike

racks and the customers loading them. Up to two bikes can be easily stored in each new rack,

which cyclists can load and unload themselves” (DART 2015). Then in March 2009, “DART

was named "Best Metro Americas" -- the top transit agency in North, South and Central America

during the MetroRail 2009 Conference in London. Other finalists for the distinction were the

Metropolitan Transportation Authority of New York, the Washington Metropolitan Area Transit

Authority and the Chicago Transit Authority. Judging was conducted by a distinguished panel of

transport industry officials and business news correspondents representing the BBC News,

Financial Times and Metro Report. Organized by the international business media firm

Terrapinn, "The Metros" recognize individuals, teams and transit systems demonstrating success

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through innovation, creativity and pioneering in the global metro rail industry. Integration with

other transit modes, customer service, value for money, safety and high performance standards

were a few of the categories in which DART was judged. Event organizers said the awards were

created, "to identify and reward those companies who have demonstrated an unparalleled ability

to succeed and continually set standards of excellence." (DART 2015). In April 2009, “The

Cities of Rowlett and Irving conduct "rail stacking" events to mark the start of construction of

the Blue Line extension and the Orange Line. The Blue Line extension will connect the

downtowns of Garland and Rowlett when complete in 2012. The Orange Line will connect with

the Green Line at Bachman Station and open in stages in 2011, 2012 and 2013, ultimately

reaching DFW Airport” (DART 2015). In July 2009, “DART's High Occupancy Vehicle (HOV)

network grows to 84 miles with the expansion of the I-30 West (Tom Landry Highway) lanes.

The I-30 West lane runs from Sylvan Avenue west of Downtown Dallas to the Dallas/Tarrant

County line” (DART 2015). Also in that month, “The Rosa Parks Plaza opens in Downtown

Dallas at the corner of Elm and Lamar creating a new type of bus passenger facility. The plaza,

named after the iconic civil rights hero, offers a park-like setting featuring a 13-foot-high wall of

water cascading over the words of Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., a drinking fountain and green

spaces flanked by two bus bays and spacious passenger shelters. The focal point is a life-size

bronze statue of Parks sitting on a bus bench that will welcome customers” (DART 2015). Then

on September 14, 2009, “Three miles and four new stations of the new Green Line opened with

service from MLK, Jr. Station in South Dallas to Victory Station near the American Airlines

Center. The balance of the 28-mile Green Line, which will operate from Pleasant Grove to

Farmers Branch and Carrollton is scheduled to open in December 2010. With the Green Line,

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Orange Line and expansion of the Blue Line, DART will double its light rail network to 90 miles

and 63 stations by December 2013” (DART 2015).

In April 2010, “The Texas Transit Association (TTA) named DART the 2010

Outstanding Metropolitan Transit System. The TTA award is given to a metropolitan public

transportation system that has designed and implemented programs that demonstrate innovative

concepts or effective problem-solving techniques. The agency was recognized for the successful

launch of the first phase of the Green Line in September 2009. DART previously won the award

in 2006” (DART 2015). On November 26, 2010, “DART debuts level boarding at all light rail

stations. The transition followed two-and-a-half years of construction and station closures.

Special use platforms or "high blocks," which have served persons with disabilities and mobility

challenges since the rail system opened in 1996, are removed from service, as these passengers

begin utilizing the low-floor center doors in each train's center section” (DART 2015). On

December 6, 2010, “Just over four years after the first front loader of dirt was turned, the 28-

mile, 20-station, $1.8 billion Green Line was completed on schedule and under budget on

December 6, when it opened 24 miles and 15 stations creating new light rail connections for

DART customers from southeast Dallas to the cities of Farmers Branch and Carrollton in the

northwest. It was the longest single-day opening of electric light rail in the United States since

1990. The first section of the Green Line opened September 2009 and connects Pearl Station on

the east side of Downtown Dallas to MLK, Jr. Station on the west side of Fair Park; also “Lake

Highlands Station, DART's first infill station, also opened December 6. The station is located on

the Blue Line in northeast Dallas between White Rock and LBJ/Skillman stations. This station

was originally approved by the DART Board as part of the rail extension to Garland, but was

deferred until warranted by new development and corresponding higher ridership. Lake

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Highlands Station is being incorporated into the overall site design of the adjacent Lake

Highlands Town Center development” (DART 2015).

In March 2011, “The Monroe Shops building, located at Dallas Area Rapid Transit's

(DART) Blue Line Illinois Station, entered its next century of use in a way that could not have

even been imagined when it opened as a train maintenance facility around 1914. On March 21 it

became the new home of the DART Police Department” (DART 2015). Also at that time, “The

Design-Build Institute of America (DBIA) recognizes DART with its "2011 Transportation

Owner of the Year Award." DART is honored for making significant contributions in advancing

awareness, understanding and use of the design-build project delivery method in the

transportation sector with 47 percent of its projects, by contract value, performed under the

practice over the previous three years” (DART 2015). In May 2011, “Representatives from

DART and the North East Texas Regional Mobility Authority sign an interlocal cooperation

agreement recognizing the importance of coordinated transportation planning and advocacy as

the two agencies work to expand rail in the area. Multi-jurisdictional cooperation is often cited

by federal officials as a key to securing project funds. The agreement encourages the two

agencies to identify "potential issues of mutual interest in the development of plans" for future

rail service between the North Central, North East and East regions of Texas” (DART 2015). In

July 2011, “The Dallas-to-Oak Cliff Streetcar project receives environmental clearance with the

Federal Transit Administration (FTA) issuance of a Finding of No Significant Impact (FONSI)

on July 21. The decision means local, state and federal agencies concluded the project will not

adversely affect the environment. The 1.6-mile streetcar project is a collaborative endeavor

involving the North Central Texas Council of Governments, City of Dallas, and Dallas Area

Rapid Transit (DART) as well as the FTA. The FTA awarded the agencies $23 million in

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Transportation Investment Generating Economic Recovery (TIGER) grant funding for the transit

project that will provide streetcar service from near Union Station in downtown Dallas to the

intersection of Colorado Boulevard and Beckley Avenue in Oak Cliff. The $35 million project

also includes $12 million in Regional Toll Revenue funds” (DART 2015). In October 2011,

“Now for the first time ever, the Chair of the American Public Transportation Association

(APTA) is from Dallas Area Rapid Transit. DART President/Executive Director Gary Thomas

was elected Chair September 21 by association members. His term is one year. Thomas has

served the association in a variety of capacities, most recently as Vice Chair. APTA is a

nonprofit international association of more than 1,500 public and private member organizations,

involved in transit. According to the association more than 90 percent of the people using public

transportation in the United States and Canada are served by APTA member systems” (DART

2015). One month later, “The transformation of the near-century old Monroe Shops streetcar

maintenance barn, now the home of the Dallas Area Rapid Transit Police, was honored by the

United States Green Building Council (USGBC) as the first publicly owned building listed on

the National Register of Historic Places to achieve the LEED® Platinum Certification, the

organization's highest recognition. DART earned the Leadership in Energy and Environmental

Design (LEED) Platinum certification by working closely during the renovation with the Texas

Historical Commission, the Federal Transit Administration, and City of Dallas officials and staff

to ensure that the renovations were performed in an environmentally sensitive way and at the

same time consistent with the US Secretary of the Interior's Standards for Preservation.

Commonly known as Monroe Shops, the former train maintenance facility was built in 1914 for

the Texas Electric Railroad and placed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2006. It

was remodeled, rebuilt and transformed into the police headquarters in March 2011” (DART

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2015). Finally in December 2011, “DART makes the final push to DFW Airport with the award

of a design-build contract to construct a 5.2-mile extension of the Orange Line from the future

Belt Line Station to the airport's Terminal A. A joint venture of Kiewit, Stacy and Witbeck,

Reyes, Parsons (KSWRP) was selected by the DART Board of Directors to complete the

$149,750,000 project known as Irving-3 (I-3). Construction should begin in early 2012 and the I-

3 section is scheduled to open in December 2014. DFW Airport is building the Terminal A

station. The first two sections of the Orange Line -- Bachman Station to Las Colinas Convention

Center and then on to Belt Line Station at SH 161 and Belt Line on DFW Airport property -- will

open July 30, 2012 and December 3, 2012, respectively. Those two sections are also being built

by the KSWRP joint venture” (DART 2015).

On April 2, 2012, “DART customers who don't live in one of the agency's 13 cities and

choose to park at either Parker Road or North Carrollton/Frankford stations began paying for

parking on Monday, April 2. As DART's rail system continues to expand parking space has at

times been limited at specific locations. Establishing paid-parking helps the agency meet the

demand that riders outside DART's service area have placed on the rail system while rewarding

other residents for their city's commitment to DART. Customers living in DART cities of

Addison, Carrollton, Cockrell Hill, Dallas, Farmers Branch, Garland, Glenn Heights, Highland

Park, Irving, Plano, Richardson, Rowlett and University Park will continue to park for free in

unreserved spots, but must first apply for a parking permit sticker with DART's contractor,

Platinum Parking, to avoid any parking fees” (DART 2015). Then on June 4, 2012, “DART

marks 250,000,000 light rail passenger trips. Don Johnson is the 250 millionth customer on the

light rail system. The daily DART Rail rider was greeted by DART President/Executive Director

Gary Thomas and Michael Melaniphy, president and chief executive officer of the American

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Public Transportation Association (APTA), who was in Dallas for the annual APTA Rail

Conference” (DART 2015). Then on July 30, 2012, “DART's long-anticipated Orange Line to

Irving opened July 30. The opening of the first phase of the Orange Line, a 5.4-mile section from

Bachman Station to Irving Convention Center Station, provides easy access to arts, education,

entertainment and businesses while adding three new stations to the DART rail system:

University of Dallas, Las Colinas Urban Center and Irving Convention Center” (DART 2015).

Also that day, “A trio of original DART Rail and Trinity Railway Express stations were renamed

on July 30 to better reflect identities created by their evolving neighborhoods or surrounding

developments. Pearl Station officially became Pearl/Arts District Station; Cityplace Station was

changed to Cityplace/Uptown Station; and South Irving Station became the Downtown

Irving/Heritage Crossing Station” (DART 2015). On December 3, 2012, “DART opened two

more rail segments on Dec. 3, extending the Blue Line to Rowlett and the Orange Line farther

into Irving and closer to DFW International Airport. DART has built more than 40 miles of track

in the last three years, greatly enhancing transit accessibility throughout the Dallas area. At 85

miles, DART Rail is the largest electric light rail system in the nation. Downtown Rowlett

Station marks the first expansion of the Blue Line since it reached Garland in November 2002.

The 4.5-mile, $360 million segment completes the build-out of the northeast corridor and

increases access to and from the largely residential community.” (DART 2015). Also, “The $1.3

billion Orange Line - the first section of which opened in July with three stations - grew nearly

four miles with new stops at North Lake College and Belt Line Road, on DFW Airport property.

This segment advances the Orange Line toward its eventual terminus at DFW Airport near

Terminal A, where it will connect riders from throughout the Dallas area to one of the nation's

busiest airports. DFW Airport Station is scheduled to open in December 2014, making DART

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one of the few transit agencies in the U.S. with direct rail service into a major airport” (DART

2015).

In January 2013, “DART's new fleet of smoother-riding, cleaner-running 40-foot buses

made by North American Bus Industries [NABI] began service on January 28 and will replace

the agency's mix of diesel and liquefied natural gas buses by 2015. The 459 buses are running

exclusively on compressed natural gas [CNG], will cut the agency's annual fuel costs by nearly

two-thirds by the end of 2015 and significantly limit harmful emissions. The new buses are 40-

foot models with a new low floor design for easier entry, larger windows for increased visibility,

a wider aisle that allows greater flexibility with wheelchairs and mobility devices, interior

cameras for safety, and has LED interior monitors located in the front and rear for displaying

visual images, including next stop, rider alerts, passenger information and stop requests. DART

plans to put approximately five new buses into service every week to replace the existing fleet”

(DART 2015). In April 2013, “DART, The T and DCTA introduce the new Family Fun Pass on

April 20. This pass can transport a family (two adults, four children) from Fort Worth to Dallas

to Denton for just $10 on Saturdays through August 17, 2013. The special promotion connects

families to all the great Saturday destinations served by the Trinity Railway Express, DART,

DCTA and The T. Customers who have 7 day, monthly or annual Regional Passes can take

advantage of the Saturday savings as well, making those passes an even better value” (DART

2015). In July 2013, “The American Public Transportation Association (APTA) recognized

DART with a Bronze level recognition for outstanding sustainability achievements. DART was

recognized along with eight other public transportation systems and businesses. Started in 2009,

105 public transit agencies and businesses have participated in the APTA Sustainability

Commitment program by implementing processes and actions that will lead to continuous

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improvement on environmental, social, and economic sustainability. There are different levels of

recognition -- Bronze, Silver, Gold, and Platinum -- that are determined by specific measured

achievements” (DART 2015). In September 2013, “North Texas transit customers were able to

put away paper passes and pick up their smartphones to buy, store and activate passes for DART,

The T and DCTA. The GoPass℠ mobile ticketing application was introduced as a free app

available in Apple's App Store and the Google Play Store. The Danish firm Unwire won the

contract based on its experience overseas with mobile ticketing in large urban markets with

multiple agency participants. The North Texas agencies are among the first in the country to

offer mobile ticketing and are Unwire's first U.S. client. The agencies had hoped to achieve

35,000 downloads in 2013 - a goal surpassed in the first month. By the end of December, more

than 70,000 people had downloaded the app, far exceeding projections” (DART 2015). In

November 2013, “The D-Link, or Route 722, makes its debut with special stops connecting

major tourist attractions and employment centers in Downtown Dallas and Oak Cliff. The free

shuttle is identified by distinctively colored D-Link wrapped buses and operates Monday through

Saturday. Stops along the circulator route in downtown include such destinations as Victory

Park, Klyde Warren Park, the Sixth Floor Museum, the Arts District, Main Street hotels and

restaurants, the Omni and the Convention Center. Oak Cliff points of interest include the Bishop

Arts District and the Kessler and Texas theatres. Evening service is extended to serve South Side

on Lamar and Cedars Station” (DART 2015). Also in that month, “Route 703, the two-year old

free shuttle connecting the vast Parkland Hospital area with Southwestern Medical

District/Parkland Station officially became the first DART route to provide 24-hour service,

seven days a week, when buses began running between midnight and 4 a.m. The route provides

service every three to seven minutes during peak and off-peak hours and makes two stops at bus

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shelters along Parkland Boulevard near Parkland's employee parking lot and at 2121 Butler for

Prescription Center employees” (DART 2015).

In January 2014, “Capital investment in the DART Light Rail System has generated

billions in regional economic activity and transit-oriented development. Two studies released in

January, both conducted by the Center for Economic Development and Research at the

University of North Texas, examine the build-out's economic impact” (DART 2015). Also,

“DART's capital spending between 2003 and 2013 was almost $5.63 billion, or $4.7 billion in

inflation-adjusted 2013 dollars. In the 11-year period studied, the agency grew the light rail

network from 44 miles and 34 stations to 85 miles and 61 stations, and made DART Rail the

longest light rail system in the country. The expansion to date has generated $7.4 billion in

regional economic activity, creating more than 54,000 person-years of employment that paid in

excess of $3.3 billion in salaries, wages and benefits” (DART 2015). Also, “more than $5.3

billion in private-capital transit-oriented development projects have been built, are under

construction, or are planned near DART's light rail stations since the debut of DART Rail in

1996” (DART 2015). In April 2014, “Dallas Area Rapid Transit's two-year paid parking

demonstration known as Fair Share Parking and implemented at Northwest Plano Park & Ride,

Parker Road, North Carrollton/Frankford and Belt Line stations ended Wednesday, April 2,

making it free to park at DART facilities” (DART 2015). In August 2014, “Officials from DART

and DFW Airport along with elected officials, business and community leaders rode an inaugural

train ride and had lunch in celebration of the new DFW Airport Station on Friday, Aug. 15.

Numerous "DART to DFW" events celebrated completion of the Orange Line to DFW

International Airport. The project added another five miles of rail to what was already the longest

light rail system in North America, now a total of 90 miles and 62 stations. On Monday, August

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18, DART and DFW International Airport officially opened the last segment of the Orange Line

at the new DFW Airport Station to the public. It connected DART to the country's fourth-busiest

airport, providing more transportation options for travelers from across North Texas and around

the world. The 5-mile segment linked newly renovated Terminal A and Belt Line Station, with

continuing service to major regional destinations including Irving-Las Colinas, Dallas Market

Center and downtown Dallas. With this opening, DFW Airport becomes the third-largest

American airport with a direct rail connection to the city center. The opening meant the world's

third-busiest airport had direct-rail access for its more than 61 million passengers.” (DART

2015). In September 2014, “Dallas Area Rapid Transit, the University of North Texas at Dallas

and the City of Dallas held a groundbreaking on Monday, Oct. 6, for DART's 3-mile Blue Line

extension. The project, referred to as South Oak Cliff III (SOC-3), went from Ledbetter Station

to a new UNT Dallas Station. The groundbreaking took place on the UNT-Dallas campus.

The Blue Line extension includes a new station at Camp Wisdom with 475 parking spaces, a

new station at UNT Dallas with 123 parking spaces and modifications to existing Ledbetter

Station, including the lengthening and raising of the platform to meet level-boarding initiatives”

(DART 2015). Finally in November 2014, “In recognition of National Hunger and Homelessness

Awareness Week, DART partnered with local groups to protect the homeless with an event on

the Union Station platform, Friday, Nov. 21. DART was one of 11 transit agencies selected to

receive a grant to develop a local version of the "See Tracks? Think Train!" campaign. The grant

supported a coordinated outreach effort to engage persons who are homeless and who use DART

and TRE right of way as campgrounds and walkways about the risks of those choices” (DART

2015).

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In 2015, “DART orders some more 2013 NABI [now New Flyer] 40’ CNG Buses for all

Express Bus Routes (except for the Mesquite COMPASS); unlike the initial 40’ buses, however;

these buses will feature front-facing reclining seats with headrests, as well as places to store

luggage” (DART 2015). Then in March 2015, “the new Dallas Streetcar project which goes from

Downtown Dallas at Union Station to Historic Oak Cliff and the Bishop Arts District via the

Houston Street viaduct when crossing above the Trinity River, completes construction and enters

the testing phase. It later opened to the public in early April 2015 [now operational]” (DART

2015). Also, an extension of the MATA M-Line Trolley through Klyde Warren Park also

completed construction (DART 2015). In June 2015, DART held a series of three public

meetings addressing Phase I of the new D2 Alignment, modifying outlying Red & Blue Line

stations to accommodate 3-car SLRV trains, and creating a third Streetcar line along Main Street

in Downtown Dallas to link the Dallas Streetcar line to the MATA M-Line trolley line (DART

2015).

These are the 15 members of DART’s Board of Directors; for the city of Dallas: Jim

Adams, Richard Carrizales – Secretary, Jerry Christian, Amanda Moreno Cross, Pamela Dunlop

Gates, Michele Wong Krause, and Robert W. Strauss – Chairman (DART 2015). For the cities of

Dallas and Cockrell Hill: William Velasco, II (DART 2015). For the City of Garland: Michael T.

Cheney (DART 2015). For the City of Irving: Rick Stopfer (DART 2015). For the City of Plano:

Paul N. Wageman (DART 2015). For the Cities of Richardson and University Park and the

Towns of Addison and Highland Park: Gary Slagel – Assistant Secretary (DART 2015). For the

Cities of Carrollton and Irving: Randall D. Chrisman (DART 2015). For the Cities of Plano and

Farmers Branch: Faye Moses-Wilkins – Vice Chairman (DART 2015). For the Cities of Garland,

Rowlett, and Glenn Heights: Mark C. Enoch (DART 2015).

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These are members of DART’s Executive Staff [as of 2015] -- President/Executive

Director - Gary C. Thomas, Deputy Executive Director - Jesse Oliver, Vice President of Human

Capital – Vacant, Vice President of Government Relations - Michael Miles, Vice President of

Diversity/Innovative Services - Michael Muhammad, Vice President of Policy and Strategy -

David Schulze, Executive Vice President, Chief Operating Officer - Carol Wise, Chief of DART

Police - James D. Spiller, Vice President of Maintenance - Michael C. Hubbell, Vice President of

Mobility Management Services - Doug Douglas, Vice President of Transportation - Tim Newby,

Executive Vice President, Chief Financial Officer - David Leininger, Senior Vice President of

Finance - Joseph G. Costello, Vice President, Chief Marketing Officer - Nevin Grinnell, Vice

President of Procurement - John Adler, Vice President, Chief Information Officer - Nicole O.

Fontayne, Executive Vice President of Growth and Regional Development - Timothy H. McKay,

P.E., Vice President of Rail Planning - Stephen Salin, Vice President of Planning and

Development, Todd Plesko, Vice President of Commuter Rail - Maureen McCole, Vice

President of Rail Program Development – Vacant, Director of the Office of Board Support -

Nancy Johnson, Director of Internal Audit - Albert Bazis, General Counsel - Scott Carlson.

(DART 2015).

The current bus fleet for DART is: 80 2004-model North American Bus Industries

[NABI] LFW 40’ Diesel Buses (still on reserve), 111 2012-model ARBOC 26-Foot CNG Buses,

and 186 2013-model North American Bus Industries [NABI], now New Flyer LFW CNG Buses

in three configurations: (1) 40-Foot LFWs with 2 sets of doors for Local routes with the most

ridership, or local routes with non-stop service on HOV lanes, Crosstown and Rail Feeder routes,

and Local Route Shuttles in case of Rail Service disruption; (2) 40-Foot LFWs for Express (Non-

Stop) Bus Routes [2 sets of doors] that feature reclining, front-facing seats with headrests, and

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storage racks, and (3) 31-Foot LFWs with 1 set of doors for Local routes with moderate ridership

and Express Route Shuttles in case of Rail Service Disruption. The fleet conversion from diesel

and liquefied natural gas [LNG] to compressed natural gas [CNG] fueled buses is to be

completed in late 2015 (DART 2015).

There are 6 DART Transit Centers in the DART service area: the Jack Hatchell Transit

Center, the Addison Transit Center, the South Garland Transit Center, the Lake Ray Hubbard

Transit Center, the J.B. Jackson Transit Center @ MLK, Jr. Station [Green Line], and the North

Irving Transit Center [near the Irving Convention Center Station on the Orange Line]. There are

also two DART Park and Ride facilities: the Northwest Plano Park and Ride and the Glenn

Heights Park and Ride. There are also two DART Passenger Transfer Locations [PTLs] and 3

DART Transfer Centers: the Bernal/Singleton PTL in West Dallas, the Cockrell Hill PTL in

Cockrell Hill, the CBD East Transfer Center in Downtown Dallas (1 block south from Pearl/Arts

District Station), the CBD West Transfer Center in Downtown Dallas (next to West End Station),

and the Malcolm X Transfer Center (near Hatcher Station in South Dallas). (DART 2015).

There are several kinds of DART bus routes. The first kind of bus routes are local bus

routes running through Downtown Dallas [Routes 1 – 99]. Example 1: Route 24 [Mockingbird

Station to CBD West TC in Downtown Dallas via McMillan or Capitol]; which I have used to go

to the Dallas ISD headquarters, Example 2: Route 60 [Union Station to either La Vista Drive or

the South Garland Transit Center], Example 3: Route 63 [Downtown Dallas to Regal Row or

Downtown Irving/Heritage Crossing Station (TRE)], which is useful if I have to go to the Frank

Crowley Courts Building for Jury Duty (DART 2015). The next kind of DART Bus Routes are

Local Bus Routes originating from and/or terminating at Downtown Dallas with some non-stop

service on highway HOV lanes [Routes 100 – 183]: Example 1: Route 110 [CBD West TC to La

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Prada/Eastfield College], Example 2: Route 111 [CBD West TC to Skyline HS]. (DART 2015).

The next kind of bus service is Express [Full Non-Stop] bus service (Routes 205 – 283):

Example 1: Express Route 221 [Metro Arlington Xpress (MAX); in partnership with The T];

[Centreport/DFW Airport Station [TRE] to UT Arlington Campus]; Example 2: Express Bus

Route 282 [City Of Mesquite PASsenger Shuttle (COMPASS)], now operated by STAR Transit

for the City of Mesquite, from the Mesquite Park & Ride at E.H. Hanby Stadium to DART

Lawnview Station [Green Line Light Rail]; Example 3: Express Route 208 [Northwest Plano

Park & Ride to Downtown Dallas along the Dallas North Tollway (DNT) and I-35E] (DART

2015). The next type of route are Transit Center Feeder or “Suburban” Local Bus Service, which

are local bus routes that originate or terminate at a DART Bus Transit Center [Routes 333 –

385]; Example: Route 378 [Downtown Garland Station to South Garland TC]; which is useful

for getting to places from my Dad’s house (DART 2015). The next type of DART bus route is

Crosstown Local Bus Service, which are longer local bus routes connecting widely-separated

areas bypassing Downtown Dallas. (Routes 400-488), examples of which are (1): Route 466

(DART Ledbetter Station [Blue Line Rail] and Charlton Methodist Hospital to DART Buckner

Station [Green Line Rail], (2): Route 467 [DART Buckner Station to the South Garland Transit

Center], and (3): Route 475 (Lake Highlands Station [Blue Line Rail] to Lake June Station

[Green Line Rail]) (DART 2015). The next type of DART Bus Routes are Rail Station Feeder

Routes, which are Local routes that originate and/or terminate at a DART Light Rail station

(Routes 500 – 597), (1): Route 595 [DART Buckner Station to DART MLK Station via DART

Lawnview Station (all Green Line Rail)], (2): Route 597 (DART Lawnview Station [Green Line

Rail] to DART Buckner Station [Green Line Rail]), (3): Route 592 (DART Lake June Station

[Green Line Rail] to Cheyenne Drive); (4): Route 594 (DART Lake June Station [Green Line] to

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Spruce HS via DART Buckner Station [Green Line] (DART 2015). Next, there are Rapid Ride

Local Bus Routes (Route 987-E and 987-W), which goes from Forest Lane Station [DART Red

and Orange lines] to Downtown Garland Station [DART Blue Line; 987-E] or Royal Lane

Station [DART Green Line; 987-W], with less stops and operates only during weekday morning

and evening rush hours; otherwise fulfilled by Suburban Local Route 486 at all other times

(DART 2015). Then there is the D-Link [Route 722, Downtown Dallas Circulator], Shuttles

[short local or express routes operated by a Business or a University in cooperation with DART;

examples: (1) SMU Mustang Express [Route 768], (2) Bush Center/Meadows Museum Shuttle

[Route 743], (3) NorthPark Center Shuttle [Route 702], (4) UT Dallas Shuttles [Routes 883-E

and 883-W]: UT Dallas Campus to Bush Turnpike Station along Plano Parkway (Route 883-E),

and UT Dallas Campus to McCallum Boulevard along W. Campbell Road and Coit Road (Route

883-W); (5) DFW Airport Shuttles [TerminalLink]: Terminals A & C (Route 801), Terminals B

& E (Route 802), Terminal D (Route 804); (6) Parkland/UT Southwestern Shuttles: Parkland

Shuttle (Route 703) and UT Southwestern Shuttles (Routes 822/823); (7) TI Shuttles: Forest

Lane – South Lobby to LBJ/Central Station (Route 828), Main Campus North to LBJ/Central

Station (Route 826), Main Campus South to LBJ/Central Station (Route 827), Spring Creek –

Spring Creek Campus to Parker Road Station in Plano (Route 829); (8) Galatyn Park E-Shuttle

(Route 824); (9) Medical City E-Shuttle (Route 830), and (10) DART FLEX Bus Routes [fixed

route with curbside service], Downtown Irving/Heritage Crossing FLEX (Route 840), Telecom

Corridor FLEX (Route 841), Buckner FLEX [Route 842] – Buckner Station to Teagarden and

Sassafras; or to Belt Line Rd. near Seagoville MS and HS, South Plano FLEX (Route 843), East

Plano FLEX (Route 844), Rowlett FLEX (Route 887). There are also Rail Disruption Shuttle

Buses in the event of Partial or Full Rail Shutdown due to power outages, switch malfunctions,

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inclement weather, etc. (DART 2015). First is Partial Rail Shutdown with partial rail service

within the LBJ loop: (1) Farmers Branch Station to N. Carrollton/ Frankford Station (Route 948),

(2) Irving Conv. Center Station to DFW Airport Station (Route 949), (3) 8th & Corinth Station to

Westmoreland Station (Route 950), (4) 8th & Corinth Station to Ledbetter Station (Route 951),

(5) LBJ/Skillman Station to Downtown Rowlett Station (Route 952), (6) LBJ/Central Station to

Parker Road Station (Route 953), and (7) Lawnview Station to Buckner Station (Route 954).

There are also Rail Disruption Shuttles in the event of a full light rail shutdown and only buses

are running: (1) West End, Bachman, Walnut Hill/Denton, Royal Lane, Farmers Branch (Route

947), (2) West End, Farmers Branch, Downtown Carrollton, Trinity Mills, North

Carrollton/Frankford (Route 948), (3) West End, Bachman, University of Dallas, Las Colinas

Urban Center, Irving Convention Center, North Lake College, Belt Line, DFW Airport (Route

949), (4) West End, 8th & Corinth, Dallas Zoo, Tyler/Vernon, Hampton, Westmoreland (Route

950), (5) West End, 8th & Corinth, Morrell, Illinois, Kiest, VA Medical Center, Ledbetter (Route

951), (6) Pearl/Arts District, LBJ/Skillman, Forest/Jupiter, Downtown Garland, Downtown

Rowlett (Route 952), (7) Pearl/Arts District, LBJ/Central, Spring Valley, Arapaho Center,

Galatyn Park, Bush Turnpike, Downtown Plano, Parker Road (Route 953), (8) Pearl/Arts

District, Lawnview, Lake June, Buckner (Route 954), (9) West End, Victory, Market Center,

SWMD/Parkland, Inwood/Love Field, Burbank, Bachman (Route 955), (10) West End, Union,

Convention Center, Cedars, 8th & Corinth (Route 956), (11) Pearl/Arts District,

Cityplace/Uptown, Mockingbird, White Rock, Lake Highlands, LBJ/Skillman (Route 957), (12)

Pearl/Arts District, Mockingbird, Lovers Lane, Park Lane, Walnut Hill, Forest Lane,

LBJ/Central (Route 958), (13) Pearl/Arts District, Deep Ellum, Baylor University Medical

Center, Fair Park, MLK Jr., Hatcher, Lawnview (Route 959), (14) West End, Akard, St. Paul,

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Pearl/Arts District (Route 960). There are also DART On-Call buses [curbside pick-up and drop-

off within a certain service area, which include: East Rowlett, Farmers Branch, Glenn Heights,

Lake Highlands, Lakewood, North Central Plano, North Dallas, Park Cities, and Richardson.

DART also has 2 Streetcar Lines: (1) M-Line Trolley by the McKinney Avenue Transit

Authority (MATA); from Cityplace/Uptown Station to Ross @ St. Paul near St. Paul Station,

with an extension of the M-Line through Klyde Warren Park along Olive Street to near St. Paul

Station [now in operation], and (2) the Dallas Streetcar Line by the City of Dallas, Phase 1:

Union Station to Dallas Methodist Hospital on Beckley Avenue along Houston Street over the

Houston Street Viaduct Bridge, Phase 2: Extension to the Bishop Arts District [to be completed

in early 2016], Phase 3: Extension loop near Union Station along Young Street, Lamar Street,

Wood Street, and Houston Street [completion date TBD] (DART 2015). There is also another

streetcar line planned along Main Street in Downtown Dallas to link the Dallas Streetcar and

McKinney Avenue [M-Line] Trolley lines together (DART D2 Meeting 2016).

DART also originally had 163 Kinkisharyo Light Rail Vehicles (LRVs), all of which now

have been converted into Super Light Rail Vehicles (SLRVs) with a low-floor mid-section

inserted between the two sections of the LRV [for people with luggage, strollers, etc.; as well as

people in wheelchairs, walkers, power chairs or scooters]. There are currently four light [rapid]

rail lines: the Red Line [Westmoreland Station in West Oak Cliff to Parker Road Station in

Plano], the Blue Line [Ledbetter Station in South Oak Cliff to Downtown Rowlett Station in

Rowlett], the Green Line [Buckner Station in Pleasant Grove to North Carrollton/Frankford

Station in Carrollton, with a connection to the Denton County A-Train at Trinity Mills Station

leading to Lewisville and Denton], and the Orange Line [DFW Airport Station at Terminal A to

Parker Road Station during the morning and evening weekday rush hours; or LBJ/Central Station

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at all other times] (DART 2015). The current Light Rail Expansion Project is extending the

South Oak Cliff Corridor [Blue Line] to the UNT-Dallas Campus with 2 new stations [Camp

Wisdom Station and UNT-Dallas Station (new terminus)], along with a redesigned Ledbetter

Station in 2016 (DART 2015). Other proposed projects include a second Downtown Dallas LRT

corridor [D2] Phase 1, possibly Alt. B4b [underground tunnel] or Alt. B4e [elevated tracks] from

Victory Station to the Dallas Convention Center; as well as lengthening platforms at outlying

Red & Blue line stations to accommodate 3-car light rail trains. (DART D2 Study 2015). There

are also plans for an extension of the West Oak Cliff Corridor [Red Line] to Red Bird Lane; a

new alignment leg for the Orange Line from Lawnview Station along Scyene Road to Masters

Road in Southeast Dallas [originally an extension of the Green Line]; a LRT spur off the Blue

Line from Kiest Station to the Southport Intermodal Center near I-20 and Bonnie View Road; as

well as a new light rail corridor from the CBD corridor into West Dallas terminating at Loop

12/Walton Walker Blvd (DART 2015). There is also a future plan to extend the Green Line to

South Belt Line Road in Southeastern Dallas County (TxDOT 2014).

The current DART Commuter [Express] rail line is the Trinity Railway Express [TRE], a

joint venture with The Fort Worth Transportation Authority [The T] (DART 2015). There is

currently no Sunday service on the TRE, however, that can change when the TRE tracks are

doubled from one set of tracks to two sets of tracks on certain segments of the TRE corridor

(DART 2015).The DART-Operated TRE Stations are Union Station [connection to DART Red

& Blue lines; as well as Amtrak Texas Eagle intercity rail service], Victory Station [connection

to DART Green & Orange lines], Medical/Market Center Station, Downtown Irving/Heritage

Crossing Station [formerly South Irving Station], West Irving Station [TRE, future Tarrant

Express (TEX) Rail, and future DART Cotton Belt Corridor (CBC) vehicle maintenance

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facility], and Centreport/DFW Airport Station [fare-zone boundary; Regional fare required to

continue into Tarrant County] (DART 2016). A Future commuter rail line for DART is the

Cotton Belt Corridor [CBC] (Dallas County Segment) – DFW Airport Station @ Terminal B to

Shiloh Road Station in Plano. The vehicles that were originally considered for the Cotton Belt

Corridor were initially locomotives, bi-level coaches, and bi-level control cabs [like those used

on the TRE], but was later rejected on concerns of air pollution, as well as vibration and noise in

North Dallas neighborhoods close to the corridor. Then, DART proposed to use new lightweight

Stadler GTW 2/6 MDUs from Stadler Rail [a Swiss rail vehicle manufacturer; now planned for

use with trench-level tracking to further reduce vibration and noise along the corridor]. However,

the Private Funding Proposal died in the Texas State Legislature; therefore DART will not be

able to build out the Dallas County segment until the mid-2030s. Also, trench-level tracking was

deemed costly, but necessary to reduce vibration and noise in neighborhoods close to the Cotton

Belt Corridor (DART 2015). Maybe DART could appeal to the Federal government for some

Federal Grant money to build out the CBC, like The T [Tarrant County] did for their segment?

The proposed Cotton Belt Corridor Stations are: DFW Airport Station @ Terminal B [connection

to TEX Rail (Tarrant Co.) segment by The T], DFW North Station [connection to TEX Rail

(Tarrant Co.) segment by The T], Downtown Carrollton Station [connection to DART Green

Line Light Rail, as well as DCTA A-Train to Denton County], Addison Center Station [currently

the Addison Transit Ctr.], Knoll Trail Station, Preston Road Station, Renner Village Station,

UTD/Synergy Park Station [near UT Dallas campus along Synergy Park Blvd.], Bush Turnpike

Station [connection to DART Red Line Light Rail], 12th Street Station, and Shiloh Road Station.

A possible later Cotton Belt Corridor extension to Downtown Murphy Station and Downtown

Wylie Station [possible future terminus] could be approved when Murphy and Wylie join

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DART, which they have not as of yet. Also, DART is planning to build an Orange Line

circulator along the Cotton Belt Corridor tracks to help people moving from DFW Terminal B to

the DART Orange Line DFW Airport Station at Terminal A. The current Commuter (Express)

Rail project is doubling the sets of tracks on certain segments of the TRE from 1 set of track to 2

sets of tracks to possibly accommodate future full-time weekly service due to the TRE not

currently operating on Sundays. (DART 2015). The Cotton Belt Corridor (CBC) is currently in

the scoping phase, although DART is currently reviewing the possibility of using bus rapid

transit [BRT] as a less-costly alternative for current funding (DART 2015). In my opinion, what

would be the most practical solution to accelerate the CBC is to work on welding the tracks,

make the line at trench-level, work on the rail crossing systems and build the stations along the

corridor, then use the 13 Budd Rail Diesel Cars [RDCs] that were once used on the TRE as rail

vehicles on the Cotton Belt Corridor until DART can fully afford and acquire the Stadler Rail 2/6

lightweight MDUs that they wish to use. Even though Coppell withdrew from DART, part of the

Cotton Belt line runs through Coppell’s city limit; however, DART owns the rail line and the

right-of-way [ROW], so the Cotton Belt trains can run through Coppell without any problems

from that city.

Other DART services include, DART Paratransit Services [curbside demand-response

service for people with disabilities who are unable to use regular DART buses & trains]: Ford E-

350 Starcraft lift-equipped vans, Minivans with ramps, and Taxi Cabs (DART 2015). DART also

operates a Vanpool Service [van rental for workers living within a certain area who ride together

to and from work] (DART 2015). These following vehicles are eligible to use High Occupancy

Vehicle [HOV] lanes if those vehicles are occupied by at least 2 people: Passenger Cars, Pickup

Trucks (no trailers allowed on HOV lanes), SUVs/CUVs, and Motorcycles (DART 2015). The

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following vehicles are always eligible to use HOV lanes when open: DART Buses (Express,

some Local, and Paratransit), DART Vans (for DART Vanpool Service), Emergency Response

Vehicles [Law Enforcement/Fire Department/EMS/TxDOT Vehicles] responding to a call or

EMS vehicles en route to a hospital are always eligible to use HOV lanes during operating hours

if needed (DART 2015). The following freeways have HOV lanes: “Central Expressway (US-

75), North Stemmons Freeway (I-35E), South R.L. Thornton/Marvin D. Love Freeway

(I-35E/US- 67), LBJ Freeway (I-635) [Greenville Ave. to I-30], Tom Landry Freeway (I-30 west

of Downtown Dallas), and East R.L. Thornton Freeway (I-30 east of Downtown Dallas)” (DART

2012).

DART requires customers using their services to pay for a ticket or pass by inserting cash

or coins [including $1 coins] into a bus farebox, or pay with cash, coins, credit or debit card at a

DART Ticket Vending Machine [TVM] found at all rail stations and some transit centers, or at

certain supermarkets in the DART service area and a few surrounding communities (DART

2015). There are three fare levels: (1) Local - All DART buses and trains; Trinity Railway

Express [TRE] service between Union Station and Centreport/DFW Airport Station [Dallas

County only]; DART On-Call and DART FLEX buses, (2) Regional - All DART buses and

trains; Mesquite COMPASS [Route 282]; All Trinity Railway Express [TRE] service from

Dallas County to Tarrant County, plus The T local buses and trolleys in Fort Worth; also, the

DCTA A-Train and DCTA Connect buses in Lewisville and Denton, and (3) System - Express

Bus Route 282 (Mesquite COMPASS), All DART buses and trains, and Trinity Railway Express

(TRE) service from Union Station to Centreport/DFW Airport Station; DART On-Call and

FLEX buses (DART 2015). There are also different ticket/pass types along with fare levels, the

first is a Two-Hour pass. Two-hour passes are good for two hours of unlimited rides on buses

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and trains [DART Light Rail and TRE] (DART 2015). Two-hour passes are available on buses;

from a Ticket Vending Machine (TVM) found at all DART Rail stations and the GoPass app

(DART 2015). The two-hour pass replaces the bus single-ride and the light rail 90-minute fares,

therefore allowing customers the ability to transfer between bus and rail. Next, there are Day

Passes; which are valid for unlimited rides on the date of purchase only through 3 a.m. the

following day. Day Passes are available on buses; from a Ticket Vending Machine (TVM) found

at all DART Rail stations and the GoPass app. Next, there is a Midday Pass [Local and Regional

fare levels only], which is a DART Pass that allows unlimited travel between 9:30 a.m. and 2:30

p.m. Monday through Friday; Midday passes are available on buses, from a Ticket Vending

Machine (TVM) found at all DART rail stations and the GoPass app (DART 2015). Next there is

a 7-Day Pass, where you can buy seven days’ worth of service for the price of five with DART's

7 Day Pass. Passes must be purchased for 7 consecutive days and are available at the DART

Store at Akard Station, at TVMs at DART rail stations, the DART Store Online and the GoPass

app (DART 2015). Next is the 31-Day Pass, where you can buy a full month’s worth of service

with DART’s 31 Day Pass. Passes must be purchased for 31 consecutive days and are available

at the DART Store at Akard Station, at TVMs at rail stations, the DART Store Online and the

GoPass app (DART 2015). Only in the System fare level is there a monthly pass, which are

applicable for use on Express Bus Route 282 (Mesquite COMPASS; operated by STAR Transit)

and are available only at the DART Store Online, the DART Store at Akard Station, TVMs at

Buckner and Lawnview Stations, and select Albertsons and Tom Thumb supermarkets in

Mesquite (DART 2015). There are also individual Annual Local and Regional passes, in which

one $800 Local Annual pass - that's a savings of $160 over the purchase of 12 Local 31- day

passes, gets you unlimited service on DART buses and trains (including DART On-Call and

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FLEX service) and Trinity Railway Express trains between Union Station and CentrePort/DFW

Airport Station. A Regional Annual Pass is available for $1,600 per year, saving you $320 over

12 Regional 31-day passes, and includes all DART Bus and Rail service, full Trinity Railway

Express commuter rail service to Fort Worth plus The T buses and trolleys in Fort Worth, and

DCTA A-Train and Connect Buses in both Lewisville and Denton, and Express Bus Route 282

[Mesquite COMPASS]. These passes are available only at the DART Store at Akard Station

because a photo ID has to be taken for both of these annual passes (DART 2015). There is also a

Senior Citizen Annual Pass, which is a Regional Pass for Senior Citizens (65+) only. That means

it's valid on all DART buses, all DART light rail (Red, Blue, Green and Orange Lines), the TRE

from Downtown Dallas to Downtown Fort Worth, the T buses and trolleys in Fort Worth, and

the DCTA A-Train and DCTA Connect Buses in Lewisville and Denton, Express Bus Route 282

[Mesquite COMPASS], and DART On-Call and FLEX services at a cost of $480 a year. This

Pass is available only at the DART Store at Akard Station because a photo ID has to be taken for

that pass. (DART 2015). Adult fares are the following:

Ticket/Pass Type

Local Fare

Regional Fare

System Fare#

Two-Hour Pass

$2.50 $5.00 $3.50

Day Pass $5.00 $10.00 $7.007-Day Pass $25.00 $50.0031- Day Pass

$80.00 $160.00

Monthly Pass

$100.00***

Annual Pass $800.00 $1,600.00Reduced fare costs are the following:

Ticket/Pass Type Local Fare Regional FareTwo-Hour Pass $1.25Mid-Day Pass** $1.75 $3.50

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Day Pass $2.507-Day Pass $25.00 $50.0031-Day Pass $40.00Annual Pass $480.00++

Reduced fare are applicable to only the following:

Seniors 65 and over with a valid DART Photo ID or a Medicare card.

Non-Paratransit certified persons with disabilities with a valid DART photo ID.

Children ages 5-14 (Children under age 5 may ride free when accompanied by an adult

with valid local, regional or reduced fare [up to two children per trip; children with a

person younger than 18 or any additional children under age 5 with an adult shall be

charged the Reduced fare].)

High school students with valid DART or student high school photo ID (High school

fares are applicable on bus and rail Monday through Friday only, Regular Adult Fare

required on weekends).

College/Trade School students with valid DART-issued student photo ID for full-time

undergraduate students registered at schools which are located in the DART Service Area

and are not participating in the Higher Education Program.

Semester Pass

o Abilene Christian University (Dallas Campus)

o El Centro College

o Redeemer Seminary

o University of Dallas

o UNT Dallas College of Law

o UT Southwestern

Quarter Pass

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o Kaplan College (12005 Ford Rd., Dallas)

o The College of Healthcare Professionals

Participating High School and Middle School Semester Pass

o Cornerstone Crossroads Academy

o Lassiter Early College High School

o International Leadership of Texas

Note – Southern Methodist University [SMU] and the University of Texas at Dallas [UTD] also

participate in a contracted pass program with DART. For that reason, SMU and UTD students do

not qualify for reduced fares purchased on the GoPass℠ mobile ticketing app, from a Ticket

Vending Machine or from a bus farebox; so for SMU and UTD students on DART or TRE Rail,

have school ID with attached pass available for DART/TRE Fare Enforcement or DART/The T

Police Officers when they check for proper fare coverage. On DART buses, show your school ID

with attached pass to the bus driver when boarding the bus and he/she will record the fare

information on the farebox [if functioning] or in his/her log [if the farebox is not functioning].

• + - Applicable on weekdays only, Adult Fare required on weekends.

• ** - Available Monday through Friday from 9:30 AM to 2:30 PM only.

• ++ - Available to Senior Citizens only.

• # - Required on DART when coming from or heading towards Mesquite on Express Bus

Route 282 [Mesquite COMPASS; now operated by STAR Transit].

• ***– Available only at the DART Store Online, the DART Store at Akard Station, TVMs

at Buckner and Lawnview Stations, and select Albertsons and Tom Thumb supermarkets in

Mesquite.

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Here is how to obtain a DART Ticket or Pass. On a bus, insert exact amount for pass and

fare in the farebox (ex. two $1 bills or coins and 2 quarters [$2.50] for a local Two-Hour Pass, or

one $5 bill or five $1 bills or coins for a Local Day Pass or a Regional Two-Hour Pass), or if you

already have a validated ticket or pass, swipe validated ticket or pass with the pass’s bar in the

scanner on the farebox (DART 2015). With a Ticket Vending Machine (TVM) at DART Rail

Stations and some DART Transit Centers, (1) Choose Fare level – Adult, Senior

Citizen/Disabled/College Student/Children 5+ [Reduced], or High School [Mon. – Fri. only], (2)

Select Fare type – Local or Regional, (3) Select Ticket or Pass type: Two-Hour, Day [round-trip

or trips longer than 2 hrs.], 7-Day, or 31-Day, (4) Pay with Currency (Cash and Coins) or a

Credit Card or a Debit Card and receive your ticket or pass and change. (DART 2015).Validate

your ticket or pass with the Validator on the TVM if not already validated (DART 2015).

Here is what to do with a paper DART Ticket/Pass on a DART Bus or Train. On a DART

bus, swipe validated ticket/pass in the scanner on the farebox [if working]; otherwise, show

validated ticket/pass to bus driver and he/she will record fare information in his/her log. (DART

2015). On trains [DART light rail or TRE commuter rail], and hold on to ticket or pass to show

to a DART Fare Enforcement Officer, DART Police Officer, or other uniformed DART or TRE

personnel when requested to do so [Fare Inspection]; those who do not pay proper fares or have

the wrong type of fare in the wrong zone could be fined $250 [Class C misdemeanor] by

DART/TRE Fare Enforcement or Police Officers in Dallas County, or $500 in Tarrant County by

TRE/The T Fare Enforcement Officers (DART 2015). For people with the GoPass app for iOS

and Android smartphones [DART, The T, and DCTA], purchase a ticket or pass with the

appropriate fare level [Local or Regional] and activate the pass prior to boarding the bus or train.

On a bus, show activated pass to bus driver so he/she can record fare information on the farebox

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or in his/her log. On a train [DART or TRE], show your activated ticket or pass to DART or

TRE fare inspectors upon request.

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References

Dallas Area Rapid Transit (DART) - Official Site. 2015 [cited May 17 2015]. Available from

http://www.dart.org.

Dallas Area Rapid Transit – D2 Study Update. 2015 [cited June 18, 2015]. Available from

http://www.dart.org/about/expansion/downtowndallas.asp

TxDOT Loop 9 Corridor Feasibility Study – Final Version. 2014 [cited June 15, 2015]. Available

from http://www.keepitmovingdallas.com/public-hearings/2013/loop-9-southeast-

corridorfeasibility-study-public-meeting-0