Daryl LundDaryl Lund

Editor in Chief IFT Peer-Reviewed JournalsEditor in Chief IFT Peer-Reviewed JournalsAndAnd

David MinDavid Min

The Ohio State UniversityThe Ohio State University

Scientific Editor JFS Food Chemistry andScientific Editor JFS Food Chemistry and

Toxicology and Chemical Food Safety SectionsToxicology and Chemical Food Safety Sections

Effective Preparation of Scientific Manuscripts

To publish original, high quality, and important To publish original, high quality, and important findings in a specific scientific area with peer- findings in a specific scientific area with peer-

reviewreview

The purpose of The purpose of Journal of Food ScienceJournal of Food Science is to is to publish important findings in food science and publish important findings in food science and

technology.technology.

Therefore, the contents of a manuscript should be Therefore, the contents of a manuscript should be within this scope and be relevant to the within this scope and be relevant to the

readership of the readership of the Journal of Food Science. Journal of Food Science.

Mission of Scientific JournalsMission of Scientific Journals

Why Do You Publish?Why Do You Publish?

Make contributions to societyMake contributions to society

Be recognized professionally by Be recognized professionally by peerspeers

Advance in the professionAdvance in the profession

Roles of the Scientific EditorRoles of the Scientific Editor

Scientific Editor decides the publication Scientific Editor decides the publication fate of manuscripts based on the opinions fate of manuscripts based on the opinions of other scientists who judge the quality of of other scientists who judge the quality of submitted papers - “peer review process”.submitted papers - “peer review process”.

Scientific Editor is the guardian of scholarly Scientific Editor is the guardian of scholarly record, with the duty to ensure that record, with the duty to ensure that

published papers are scientifically of high published papers are scientifically of high quality and free from errors.quality and free from errors.

OriginalityOriginality

Novel or creative research methodologyNovel or creative research methodology

New and important research findingsNew and important research findings

Criteria for AcceptanceCriteria for Acceptance

Scientific QualityScientific QualityAppropriate experimental design and Appropriate experimental design and

methodologymethodology Data presentation and interpretationData presentation and interpretation

Appropriate statistical analysisAppropriate statistical analysis Depth of the investigationDepth of the investigation Substance of the resultsSubstance of the results

Thorough and logical discussion of Thorough and logical discussion of resultsresults

Criteria for AcceptanceCriteria for Acceptance

Clarity of PresentationClarity of Presentation

Organization of presentationOrganization of presentationReadability, clarity of writing, and grammarReadability, clarity of writing, and grammar

Paper is much more likely to be rejected based Paper is much more likely to be rejected based on inadequate analysis than lack of originalityon inadequate analysis than lack of originality

Importance to the Scientific Field and Importance to the Scientific Field and the Readershipthe Readership

Usefulness of findings to food scientists Usefulness of findings to food scientists

Criteria for AcceptanceCriteria for Acceptance

Scientific writing is primarily an exercise in Scientific writing is primarily an exercise in organization.organization.

Scientific writing is highly stylized with distinctive Scientific writing is highly stylized with distinctive components.components.

Scientific paper should have the proper order of Scientific paper should have the proper order of components.components.

Research work should be communicated effectively Research work should be communicated effectively and clearly using simple words of known meaning.and clearly using simple words of known meaning.

The best English in scientific writing is to make the The best English in scientific writing is to make the point in the fewest possible words.point in the fewest possible words.

Writing a Scientific PaperWriting a Scientific Paper

Writing Scientific PaperWriting Scientific Paper

Use simple and short sentences instead Use simple and short sentences instead of complex and long sentences. Divide of complex and long sentences. Divide long sentences into two or three simple long sentences into two or three simple short sentences.short sentences.

Enjoy the sheer beauty of a simple Enjoy the sheer beauty of a simple declarative sentence using clear, precise declarative sentence using clear, precise words. words.

If the components are properly organized, If the components are properly organized, the paper will almost write itself.the paper will almost write itself.

Two Essential Ingredients Two Essential Ingredients

Good organizationGood organization

Appropriate language within Appropriate language within the organizationthe organization

• TitleTitle

• AbstractAbstract

• Practical Application (optional)Practical Application (optional)

• IntroductionIntroduction

• Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods

• Results and DiscussionResults and Discussion

• ConclusionsConclusions

• ReferencesReferences

Components in Original Research Components in Original Research ManuscriptManuscript

To describe the nature and content of research To describe the nature and content of research concisely and accurately. concisely and accurately.

Concise to describe the content of study with the Concise to describe the content of study with the fewest words – 20 words.fewest words – 20 words.

Clear and informative.Clear and informative.

Capture the importance of the study and the Capture the importance of the study and the attention of the reader.attention of the reader.

Describe actual findings that can be supported in Describe actual findings that can be supported in the manuscript.the manuscript.

TitleTitle

Enable readers to identify the basic Enable readers to identify the basic contents of a paper quickly and accurately.contents of a paper quickly and accurately.

State succinctly what was done and how it State succinctly what was done and how it was donewas done

Conclusions should be justified by the Conclusions should be justified by the results in the textresults in the text

Information in the abstract should be Information in the abstract should be presented in the main textpresented in the main text

Not exceeding 200 words in Not exceeding 200 words in Journal of Food Journal of Food ScienceScience

AbstractAbstract

Practical Application Practical Application (optional)(optional)

Provide the reader with a perception Provide the reader with a perception of the utility of the researchof the utility of the research

Assist staff in preparing Assist staff in preparing announcements of the researchannouncements of the research

Assist reporters in spotting important Assist reporters in spotting important research of particular interest to the research of particular interest to the general public general public

Journal of Food Science’ Journal of Food Science’ RequestRequest

Enter “Practical Application:” followed by a brief Enter “Practical Application:” followed by a brief description, in layman’s terms, description, in layman’s terms, of the potential of the potential industrial or consumer application industrial or consumer application of the of the research presented in your paper. Keep the research presented in your paper. Keep the description short, about 1 to 3 sentences, and description short, about 1 to 3 sentences, and in in language non-scientist readers can easily language non-scientist readers can easily understandunderstand. The brief should describe . The brief should describe probable probable uses for your workuses for your work, whether for direct , whether for direct commercial application, to aid in further research commercial application, to aid in further research efforts, or for consumer impact. Do not make efforts, or for consumer impact. Do not make unreasonable claims that cannot be derived from unreasonable claims that cannot be derived from the work described in the paper.the work described in the paper.

Provide the readers with sufficient Provide the readers with sufficient background information to evaluate background information to evaluate

the results of the research the results of the research

No more than 2 typed pages usuallyNo more than 2 typed pages usually

Focus on the main subjectFocus on the main subject

Brief and well integrated review of Brief and well integrated review of pertinent workpertinent work

Cite key and current literatureCite key and current literature

IntroductionIntroduction

Extensive review of the literature is Extensive review of the literature is not needednot needed

Explain the importance of your Explain the importance of your researchresearch

What new or important scientific What new or important scientific information is needed to advance information is needed to advance knowledge in the subject area? knowledge in the subject area?

State clearly why the research is needed State clearly why the research is needed and worth doingand worth doing

State the objectives of your workState the objectives of your work

IntroductionIntroduction

Provide sufficient analytical information so that work Provide sufficient analytical information so that work can be repeated.can be repeated.

Use appropriate experimental design to answer the Use appropriate experimental design to answer the research question.research question.

Cite and use the accepted and current methodology. Cite and use the accepted and current methodology.

If a published method is modified, such modifications If a published method is modified, such modifications must be described in detail.must be described in detail.

Describe new methods in detail.Describe new methods in detail.

Describe statistical analysis of data if appropriate.Describe statistical analysis of data if appropriate.

Use subheadings as needed for clarity.Use subheadings as needed for clarity.

Materials and MethodsMaterials and Methods

Present research data concisely and Present research data concisely and interpret the data scientifically.interpret the data scientifically.

Short and sweet with no excess Short and sweet with no excess verbiage.verbiage.

Work consistent with the objectives Work consistent with the objectives stated in the Introduction.stated in the Introduction.

Results Results

Reproducibility and sensitivity of Reproducibility and sensitivity of analytical methodsanalytical methods

Report representative data rather Report representative data rather than endless repetitive datathan endless repetitive data

Numerical data with the correct Numerical data with the correct number of significant digitsnumber of significant digits

Results Results

Results Results

Present results concisely using tables and figures Present results concisely using tables and figures as needed.as needed.

Table and figure legends should be accompanied Table and figure legends should be accompanied with sufficient information to make the main point with sufficient information to make the main point

so that minimal text is needed. so that minimal text is needed.

Do not present the same information in both Do not present the same information in both tables, figures, and the text.tables, figures, and the text.

All tables and figures must be numbered in the All tables and figures must be numbered in the order in which they are mentioned in the text.order in which they are mentioned in the text.

Show the relationships among observed facts.Show the relationships among observed facts.

Point out any exceptions or lack of correlations, Point out any exceptions or lack of correlations, and define any unsettled points.and define any unsettled points.

Discuss the discrepancies between new results Discuss the discrepancies between new results and previously reported results in similar and previously reported results in similar

studies. studies.

Discuss the research limitations and identify Discuss the research limitations and identify future research. future research.

Discuss the theoretical implications and Discuss the theoretical implications and possible practical applications of your research.possible practical applications of your research.

DiscussionDiscussion

Identify key findings and application to food Identify key findings and application to food science and technology science and technology

Conclusion should not be a summary of the Conclusion should not be a summary of the work done or a virtual duplication of the work done or a virtual duplication of the

abstract.abstract.

Conclusions should be justified by the Conclusions should be justified by the experimental design, methods, and results.experimental design, methods, and results.

ConclusionConclusion

Cite current and key pertinent references. Cite current and key pertinent references.

Consider references from the journal itself. Consider references from the journal itself.

Reference citations must be accurate and Reference citations must be accurate and complete. complete.

The number of references should be appropriate The number of references should be appropriate without a complete historical bibliography without a complete historical bibliography

ReferencesReferences

Why Was My Why Was My Manuscript Rejected ?Manuscript Rejected ?

The subject matter is of insufficient interest to the The subject matter is of insufficient interest to the readership to a specific journalreadership to a specific journal Lack of new informationLack of new information

The results are trivial, predictable, or duplicative The results are trivial, predictable, or duplicative of othersof others

Insufficient international importance or interestInsufficient international importance or interest Scientific quality is substandard due to poor Scientific quality is substandard due to poor

experimental design and methodologyexperimental design and methodology Improper conclusionImproper conclusion

Suspected misconduct - fabrication and Suspected misconduct - fabrication and plagiarismplagiarism

Immediate Rejection CriteriaImmediate Rejection Criteria

Neatness counts in scientific research publications!

SuggestionsSuggestions

Wrong Experiment and Wrong Experiment and ConclusionConclusion

A biology professor trained a flea for many months.A biology professor trained a flea for many months.

He was able to get a response from the flea each time He was able to get a response from the flea each time when the command was given. The professor shouted when the command was given. The professor shouted the command “Jump” and the flea leaped into the air.the command “Jump” and the flea leaped into the air.

The professor decided to determine the location of The professor decided to determine the location of hearing receptor.hearing receptor.

ExperimentExperiment

ExperimentExperiment

Professor removed the legs of the flea one at Professor removed the legs of the flea one at a time. The flea continued to leap on his a time. The flea continued to leap on his command “Jump”. But as each successive command “Jump”. But as each successive leg was removed, his jump became less leg was removed, his jump became less spectacular. spectacular.

Finally, with the removal of the last leg of Finally, with the removal of the last leg of flea, the flea did not response to the flea, the flea did not response to the command “Jump” and the flea remained command “Jump” and the flea remained motionless. motionless.

ConclusionConclusion

““When the legs of a flea are removed, the When the legs of a flea are removed, the flea can no longer hear. Therefore, the flea can no longer hear. Therefore, the locations of hearing receptors are in legslocations of hearing receptors are in legs.”.”

So, please consider IFT’s journals for So, please consider IFT’s journals for your manuscriptsyour manuscripts

Journal of Food ScienceJournal of Food Science

Journal of Food Science Journal of Food Science EducationEducation

Comprehensive Reviews in Food Comprehensive Reviews in Food Science and Food SafetyScience and Food Safety

Sections of JFSSections of JFS

Concise Reviews/HypothesisConcise Reviews/HypothesisFood ChemistryFood Chemistry

Toxicology and Chemical Food SafetyToxicology and Chemical Food SafetyFood Engineering/Physical Properties Food Engineering/Physical Properties

Nanoscale Food Science, Engineering, and Nanoscale Food Science, Engineering, and TechnologyTechnology

Food Microbiology and SafetyFood Microbiology and SafetySensory and Food QualitySensory and Food Quality

Health, Nutrition, and FoodHealth, Nutrition, and Food