Data CommunicationsHistory and Standard Organizations

Jhan-Curt Steven G. Fernandez

DATA COMMUNICATIONS

-is the process of transferring digital information (usually in binary form) between two or morepoints.

HISTORY OF DATA COMMUNICATIONS

1837Samuel F.B. Morse invented the telegraph

With the telegraph, dots and dashesare transmitted across a wire throughelectromechanical induction.

18371840 Originally, the first telegraph was invented

by Sir Charles Wheatstone and Sir WilliamCooke. In 1840, Morse secured an Americanpatent for the telegraph.

183718401844

The first telegraph line was establishedbetween Baltimore and Washington, D.C.

1837184018441849

The first slow-speed telegraph printer wasinvented in 1849, but it was not until 1860that high-speed (15 bps) printers wereavailable.

18371840184418491850

The Western Union Telegraph Companywas formed in Rochester, New York forthe purpose of carrying coded messagesfrom one person to another.

183718401844184918501874

Émile Baudot invented a telegraph multiplexer,which allowed signals from up to 6 telegraphmachines to be transmitted simultaneouslyover a single wire.

1837184018441849185018741876

The telephone was invented byAlexander Graham Bell.

1837184018441849185018741876

1899

Guglielmo Marconi succeeded in sendingradio telegraph messages.

1837184018441849185018741876

18991920

The first commercial radio stations wereinstalled, allowing the transmission ofinformation across large spans of water.

1837184018441849185018741876

18991920

1940

Bell Laboratories developed the firstspecial-purpose computer usingelectromechanical relay.

1837184018441849185018741876

18991920

19401951

Built by the Remington Rand Corporation,the UNIVAC computer was the firstmass-produced electronic computer.

1837184018441849185018741876

18991920

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1968

Until 1968, the AT&T operating tariff allowed only equipment furnished by AT&T to beconnected to AT&T lines.

1837184018441849185018741876

18991920

19401951

1968

A landmark Supreme Court decisionthe Carterfone decision (1968), allowed non-Bell companies to interconnect to the vastAT&T communications network. Thisdecision started the interconnect industry,which has led to competitive data communications offerings by a large numberof independent companies.

STANDARD ORGANIZATIONSFOR

DATA COMMUNICATIONS

-creates the sets of rules and standards for graphics,document exchange and related technologies. TheISO is responsible for endorsing and coordinating thework of other standards organization.

-consists of government authorities andrepresentatives from many countries. It is now thestandards organization of the United Nations anddevelops the recommended sets of rules andstandards for telephone and telegraph communications.

-is the official standards agency for the United Statesand is the U.S. voting representative for ISO.

-is a U.S. professional organization of electronics,computer, and communications engineers.

-is a U.S. organization that establishes andrecommends industrial standards. The EIA isresponsible for developing the RS (recommendedstandards) series of standards for data andtelecommunications.

-is the official standards agency for Canada withsimilar responsibilities to those of ANSI.