"data detectives," presented at the enterprise ux meetup, sf nov. 2013

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Data Detec’ves Enhancing the inves’ga’ve process with visualiza’ons Hunter Whitney San Francisco November 13, 2013

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Data  Detec'ves  Enhancing  the  inves'ga've  process  with  visualiza'ons  

Hunter Whitney San Francisco

November 13, 2013

Think  of  a  detec.ve  trying  to  solve  a  case  where  the  answer  may  lie  hidden  within  stacks  of  evidence,  .me  is  limited,  and  there  are  serious  consequences  for  any  errors.  

From  healthcare  workers  to  security  professionals,  this  same  basic  scenario  applies  to  many  people  who  work  with  data.  

While  there’s  no  single  approach  to  finding  answers  in  an  array  of  data,  UX  design  can  help  support  various  inves.ga.ve  processes.  

•  PuCng  the  pieces  together    •  Weighing  the  evidence    •  Evidence  handling    •  Collabora.ng  

Data  as  evidence  

Pu8ng  the  Pieces  Together  

Users  oFen  have  to  work  with  evidence  that  is:    •  Fragmentary,  mixed,  and  incomplete  •  Delivered  in  an  asynchronous,  non-­‐sequen.al  manner  

Case  1:    Where  and  when  did  an  outbreak  of  a  foodborne  illness  begin?  

Visual  Forensics  

Visually  connec'ng  data  about  'me,  place,  and  rela'onship  

Palan.r  Technologies,  Inc.  

Case  2:    Who  is  the  ringleader  of  a  recent  interna'onal  bank  fraud  scheme?  

Visual  Forensics  

Visually  connec'ng  data  about  'me,  place,  and  rela'onship  

Palan.r  Technologies,  Inc.  

Case  3:  Why  are  a  soldier’s  post-­‐trauma'c  symptoms  not  responding  to  treatment?  

Visual  Forensics  

Visual  juxtaposi'on  of  different  kinds  of  data  

EEG  

MRI   MRI  (DTI)  

Electrical  ac.vity  data  

Anatomical  Features   Fiber  Tracts  (Connec.vity)  

Hunter  Whitney  and  Jeff  Chang,  MD   Please  see  hSp://vimeo.com/album/2489932  

Visual  juxtaposi'on  of  different  kinds  of  data  

EEG  

MRI   MRI  (DTI)  

Electrical  ac.vity  data  

Anatomical  Features   Fiber  Tracts  (Connec.vity)  

Hunter  Whitney  and  Jeff  Chang,  ER  Radiologist   Please  see  hSp://vimeo.com/album/2489932  

MRI + DTI

DTI

Visual  transi'ons  of  different  kinds  of  data  

Hunter  Whitney  and  Jeff  Chang,  ER  Radiologist   Please  see  hSp://vimeo.com/album/2489932  

Weighing  the  evidence  

A  piece  of  evidence  does  not  exist  in  isola'on.  It  should  be  considered  in  context  (but  the  context  can  rapidly  change):    •  The  rela.ve  meaning  and  significance  of  any  piece  of  data  

may  change  as  other  available  informa.on  comes  in  •  A  piece  of  evidence  may  be  true  but  irrelevant  or  

poten.ally  misleading  if  not  well  framed    

Case  4:    What  is  causing  a  child’s  persistent  fever,  rash,  and  joint  pain?  

Visual  Forensics  

THE  CASE    A  previously  healthy  12-­‐year-­‐old  boy  presents  to  an  emergency  department  in  southern  Ohio  in  October  with  a  chief  complaint  of  fever  and  rash.  The  pa'ent  has  had  subjec've  fever  for  3  days  with  weakness,  malaise,  anorexia,  and  decreased  ac'vity.  He  had  emesis  followed  by  diarrhea  on  the  second  day.  He  complains  of  diffuse  myalgias  and  migratory  arthralgias,  which  began  in  the  right  shoulder  and  have  progressed  to  involve  the  cervical  spine  and  all  joints  of  the  extremi'es  bilaterally,  but  sparing  the  hips.  A  rash  developed  bilaterally  on  his  inner  thighs  at  the  onset  of  illness,  then  spread  to  involve  his  forearms,  abdomen,  trunk,  and  hands,  sequen'ally.    In  the  ED,  his  temperature  is  37.3C,  blood  pressure  is  136/70  mmHg,  pulse  is  104  beats  per  minute,  and  respiratory  rate  is  24  breaths  per  minute.  The  pa.ent's  past  medical  history  is  significant  only  for  aSen.on-­‐deficit  disorder  (ADD)  without  hyperac.vity,  and  his  medica.ons  include  acetaminophen,  melatonin,  and  methylphenidate.  He  has  no  known  drug  allergies,  and  his  immuniza.ons  are  current.  Physical  examina.on  reveals  erythematous  lesions  on  the  palate  and  pain  with  ac.ve  and  passive  range  of  mo.on  in  all  extremi.es.  There  is  no  joint  swelling,  erythema,  or  warmth.  A  red  maculopapular  rash  with  scaSered  vesicular  lesions  is  present  on  the  thighs,  forearms,  trunk,  and  palms.  A  rapid  group  A  streptococcal  an.gen  test  on  a  throat  swab  is  nega.ve.  The  pa.ent  is  Tanner  stage  4  for  genital  development.  He  has  no  discharge  or  lesions.  The  pa.ent  is  prescribed  ibuprofen  and  discharged  from  the  ED  with  a  diagnosis  of  hand,  foot,  and  mouth  disease.    Worsening  symptoms  The  pa.ent  returns  to  the  ED  2  days  later  with  persistent  fever,  worsening  arthralgia,  and  new  swelling  in  the  leF  knee.  He  is  unable  to  ambulate  and  has  decreased  oral  intake.  Both  wrists  and  mul.ple  finger  joints  have  become  painful.  The  pain  is  greatest  in  the  right  wrist  and  leF  knee.  Further  ques.oning  reveals  that  the  pa.ent  traveled  to  southern  Kentucky  about  4  weeks  ago  for  a  Labor  Day  camping  trip  with  his  family.  He  recalls  having  found  .cks  on  his  clothing  but  not  on  his  skin.  He  denies  alcohol  or  drug  use.  The  family  has  numerous  pets  including  1  hermit  crab,  1  African  clawed  frog,  2  lizards,  1  domes.c  white  rat,  1  python,  and  a  tank  of  tropical  fish.  They  had  2  dogs,  but  both  recently  died  of  unknown  causes.  The  pa.ent  denies  any  animal  bites.  He  reports  that  he  has  a  girlfriend,  but  he  denies  any  sexual  ac.vity.  His  temperature  is  38.9C,  blood  pressure  is  100/72  mmHg,  pulse  is  110  beats  per  minute,  and  respiratory  rate  is  30  breaths  per  minute.  The  rash  has  progressed,  with  an  increased  number  of  well-­‐demarcated,  macular,  papular,  and  vesicular  lesions  involving  the  extremi.es,  especially  the  palms  and  soles.  The  lesions  are  blanching  and  nonpruri.c.  The  leF  knee  is  warm,  nonerythematous,  and  swollen  with  ballotable  fluid.  

Further  ques.oning  reveals  that  the  pa.ent  traveled  to  southern  Kentucky  about  4  weeks  ago  for  a  Labor  Day  camping  trip  with  his  family.  He  recalls  having  found  .cks  on  his  clothing  but  not  on  his  skin.      He  denies  alcohol  or  drug  use.  He  reports  that  he  has  a  girlfriend,  but  denies  any  sexual  ac.vity.    The  family  has  numerous  pets  including  1  hermit  crab,  1  African  clawed  frog,  2  lizards,  1  domes.c  white  rat,  1  python,  and  a  tank  of  tropical  fish.  They  had  2  dogs,  but  both  recently  died  of  unknown  causes.  The  pa.ent  denies  any  animal  bites.    

Many  clues,  but  which  are  relevant?  

Accelera'ng  the  diagnos'c  process  with  visualiza'ons  

•  Sugges.ng  possibili.es    •  Process  of  elimina.on    •  Visual  emphasis  of  promising  direc.ons        •  Dynamic  weigh.ng    •  Transparency  of  the  process  

Differen'al  Diagnosis:  the  full  range  of  poten.al  causes,  or  combina.ons  of  causes,  for  a  set  of  symptoms  

Reaves,  L;  Hamilton,  S;  Vossmeyer,  M;  and  Brady,  R.  Fever,  rash  and  migratory  polyarthralgia.  Contemporary  Pediatrics.  Mar  2010;27(3):24-­‐38.  

Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis

Postinfectious arthritis

Differen'al  Diagnosis  (Alternate  layout  1)    

Henoch-Schönlein purpura

Kawasaki disease

Infectious

Rheumatologic

Familial Mediterranean Fever

Genetics

Septic arthritis

Lyme disease

Bacterial

Enteroviruses

Parvovirus Viral

   

+5    -­‐4  

-­‐6  

History and Physical

Labs

Radiology

Fever,  rash,  joint  pain  

       

-­‐3  

+3    

-­‐3  

more

Rock Mountain Spotted Fever

Hunter  Whitney  and  Veena  R  Kumar,  Pediatric  Emergency  physician  

Diagnos'c  Dilemma:  when  the  most  likely  causes  of  a  pa.ent’s  symptoms  have  been  ruled  out  and  a  defini.ve  diagnosis  has  not  been  established  

Differen'al  Diagnosis  (Alternate  layout  1)    

Infectious

Septic arthritis

Lyme disease Bacterial

Viral

   

+5    -­‐4  

History and Physical

Labs

Radiology

Fever,  rash,  joint  pain,  handles/sleeps  with  pet  rat  oFen,  rat  bit  both  dogs  

-­‐3  

+3     Rock Mountain Spotted Fever

Meningococal meningitis

Gonorrhea

Secondary syphilis

Leptospirosis

   

Rat-bite fever

+2    

CBC  normal,  Rapid  strep  neg.,  blood  culture  neg.,  joint  fluid  culture  posi.ve  for  Strep.  moniliformis  

Chest  X-­‐ray  nega.ve  

Hunter  Whitney  and  Veena  R  Kumar,  Pediatric  Emergency  physician  

Further  ques.oning  reveals  that  the  pa.ent  traveled  to  southern  Kentucky  about  4  weeks  ago  for  a  Labor  Day  camping  trip  with  his  family.  He  recalls  having  found  .cks  on  his  clothing  but  not  on  his  skin.      He  denies  alcohol  or  drug  use.  He  reports  that  he  has  a  girlfriend,  but  denies  any  sexual  ac.vity.    The  family  has  numerous  pets  including  1  hermit  crab,  1  African  clawed  frog,  2  lizards,  1  domes'c  white  rat,  1  python,  and  a  tank  of  tropical  fish.  They  had  2  dogs,  but  both  recently  died  of  unknown  causes.  The  pa.ent  denies  any  animal  bites.    

Many  clues,  but  which  were  relevant?    

Evidence  Handling      

•  Visualiza.ons  are  just  one  part  of  inves.ga.on  and  analysis    

•  All  the  decisions  star.ng  from  data  collec.on,  storage,  organiza.on,  sta.s.cal  summariza.ons,  modeling,  etc.  will  influence  the  analysis  and  interpreta.on  

 When  possible:  

•  Enable  easy  annota.ons  and  access  to  source  material  

•  Provide  mul.ple  views/ways  of  looking  at  the  data  

No  ma^er  how  good  the  visualiza'on,  the  outcome  of  the  inves'ga'on  depends  on  the  integrity  of  every  step  of  the  process  

From  Data  Insights:  New  Ways  to  Visualize  and  Make  Sense  of  Data  by  Hunter  Whitney  (Morgan  Kaufmann  Publishers,  November  2012)  

Collabora'ng  

•  Willing  to  acknowledge  the  limits  of  your  own  exper.se  and  to  ask  for  help  when  necessary  

•  Visualiza.ons  can  enhance:  •  Partnering  with  machines:  detec.ves  have  their  Watson  •  Collabora.ng  with  other  people  

 • There’s  a  lot  of  experimenta.on  and  a  growing  awareness  of  poten.al  uses  

• Visualizing  data  is  nothing  new,  but  is  now  evolving  rapidly  

• Many  different  kinds  of  creators  and  users  are  coming  to  the  table  with  varying  exper.se,  perspec.ves,  and  goals      

• Approaches  to  data  visualiza.ons  are  definitely  not  one  size  fits  all.  That’s  why  the  UX  design  dimension  is  so  important!    

Problem  Solving  with  Emerging  Tools

Thank  You  

Slide  1:  hSp://i.huffpost.com/gen/1375606/thumbs/o-­‐DETECTIVE-­‐facebook.jpg  Slide  2:  Slide  3:  hSp://www.theguardian.com/tv-­‐and-­‐radio/tvandradioblog+medical-­‐drama  Slide  4:  http://images4.wikia.nocookie.net/__cb20091004222608/flashforward/images/1/1e/MI_wall.jpg Slide 5: http://www.cafepress.com/+forensic_evidence_large_poster,698750731 Slides 6 and 14: http://www.cs.rit.edu/~rlc/Courses/IS/Projects/20131/Proj2/Clue_rules.html Slide 26: http://www.gonemovies.com/WWW/Hoofd/A/PhotoLarge.php?Keuze=BrettJeremy, http://www.digitaltrends.com/computing/ibm-watson-supercomputer-goes-to-college/  

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